New approaches to study metal-induced stress in plants

Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 413-427

  Cia, M C ^a   Capaldi, F R ^a   Carvalho, R F ^b   Gratao P L ^a   Azevedo, R A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY UNESP   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Cytogenetics; Grafting; Heavy metals stress; Metallomics; Proteomics; Signaling

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884817858     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0815-4_19     Document Type: Chapter

References (160)

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2007) CERCLA priority list of hazardous substances. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/07list.html. Accessed 3 Sept 2010.
2. Agrawal GK, Jwa NS, Iwahashi Y, Yonekura M, Iwahashi H, Rakwal R (2006) Rejuvenating rice proteomics: facts, challenges, and visions. Proteomics 6:5549-5576.
3. Ahsan N, Lee DG, Alam I, Kim PJ, Lee JJ, Ahn YO, Kwak SS, Lee IJ, Bahk JD, Kang KY, Renaut J, Komats US, Lee BH (2008a) Comparative pro- teomic study of arsenic-induced differentially expressed proteins in rice roots reveals glutathione plays a central role during As stress. Proteomics 8:3561-3576.
4. Aki T, Yanagisawa S (2009) Application of rice nuclear proteome analysis to the identification of evolution- arily conserved and glucose-responsive nuclear proteins. J Proteome Res 8:3912-3924.
5. Ah B, Hasan SA, Hayat S, Yadav S, Fariduddin Q, Ahmad A.(2008) A role of brassinosteroids in the amelioration of aluminium stress through antioxidant system in mungbean (Vigna radiata L Wilczek). Environ Exp Bot 62:153-159.
6. Allan RP, Soden BJ (2008) Atmospheric warming and the amplification of precipitation extremes. Science 321:1481-1484.
7. Andrade LF, Davies LC, Gedraite LS (2010) The effect of cyanide compounds, fluorides, aluminum, and inorganic oxides present in spent pot liner on germination and root tip cells of Lactuca sativa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73:626-631.
8. Anuradha S, Rao SSR (2007) The effect of brassinoster- oids on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings growing under cadmium stress. Plant Soil Environ 53:465-472.
9. Arruda MAZ (2007) Trends in sample preparation. Nova Science Pub. Inc., New York, NY, 304pp.
10. Arruda MAZ, Azevedo RA (2009) Metallomics and chemical speciation: towards a better understanding of metal- induced stress in plants. Ann Appl Biol 155:301-307.
11. Asada K (2006) Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. Plant Physiol 141:391-396.
12. Azevedo JA, Azevedo RA (2006) Heavy metals and oxidative stress: where do we go from here? Commun Biometry Crop Sci 1:135-138.
13. Bari R, Jones JD (2009) Role of plant hormones in plant defence responses. Plant Mol Biol 69:473-488.
14. Becana M, Moran JF, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I (1998) Iron- dependent oxygen free radical generation in plants subjected to environmental stress: toxicity and antioxidant protection. Plant Soil 201:137-147.
15. Behnamnia M, Kalantari KM, Rezanejad F (2009) Exogenous application of brassinosteroid alleviates drought-induced oxidative stress in Lycopersicon esculentum L. Gen Appl Plant Physiol 35:22-34.
16. Belkhadi A, Hediji H, Abbes Z, Nouairi I, Barhoumi Z, Zarrouk M, Chaïbi W, Djebali W (2010) Effects of exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment on cadmium toxicity and leaf lipid content in Linum usitatissimum L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73:51004-51011.
17. Benavides MP, Gallego SM, Tomaro ML (2005) Cadmium toxicity in plants. Braz J Plant Physiol 17:21-34.
18. Bettmer J, Bayón MM, Encinar JR, Sánchez MLF, Campa MRF, Sanz-Medel A (2009) The emerging role of ICP-MS in proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 72:989-1005.
19. Blanco F, Garreton V, Frey N, Dominguez C, Perez-Acle T, van Der Straeten D, Jordana X, Holuigue L (2005) Identification of NPR1-dependent genes early induced by salicylic acid treatment in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 59:927-944.
20. Bradl HB (2004) Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. J Colloid Interface Sci 277:1-18.
21. Campbell JL, Rustad LE, Boyer EW, Christopher SF, Driscoll CT, Fernandez IJ, Groffman PM, Houle D, Kiekbusch J, Magill AH, Mitchell MJ, Ollinger SV (2008) Consequences of a climate change for biogeochemical cycling in forests of northeastern North America. Can J Forest Res 39:264-284.
22. Campos ML, de Almeida M, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP, Junior CGL, Figueira A, Rampelotti-Ferreira FT, Vendramim JD, Benedito VA, Peres LEP (2009) Brassinosteroids interact negatively with jasmonates in the formation of anti-herbivory traits in tomato. J Exp Bot 60:4347-4361.
23. Cao SF, Zheng YH, Wang KT, Jin P, Rui HJ (2009) Methyl jasmonate reduces chilling injury and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity in postharvest loquat fruit. Food Chem 115:1458-1463.
24. Cavusoglu K, Ergene A, Yalcin E, Tan S, Cavusoglu K, Yapar K (2009) Cytotoxic effects of lead and mercury ions on root tip cells of Cicer arietinum L. Fresen Environ Bull 18:1654-1661.
25. Choudhury S, Panda SK (2004) Induction of oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes in moss Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth. under lead and arsenic phytotoxicity. Current Sci 87:342-348.
26. Choudhury S, Panda SK (2005) Toxic effects, oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes in moss Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth. under chromium and lead phytotoxicity. Water Air Soil Pollut 167:73-90.
27. Clarke SF, Guy PL, Burritt DJ, Jameson PE (2002) Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in response to virus infection and hormone treatment. Physiol Plant 114:157-164.
28. Comparot SM, Graham CM, Reid DM (2002) Methyl jas- monate elicits a differential antioxidant response in light-and dark-grown canola (Brassica napus) roots and shoots. Plant Growth Regul 38:21-30.
29. Coulaud J, Barghi N, Lefebvre C, Siljak-Yakovlev S. (1999) Cytogenetic variation in populations of Armeria maritima (MilL.) Willd. in relation to geographical distribution and soil stress tolerances. Can J Bot Revue Canadienne de Bot 77:673-685.
30. Cui S, Huang F, Wang J, Cheng Y, Liu J (2005) A pro- teomic analysis of cold stress responses in rice seedlings. Proteomics 5:3162-3172.
31. 2and catalase during thermotolerance induced by salicylic acid or heat acclimation in mustard seedlings. Plant Physiol 116:1351-1357.
32. Dhaubhadel S, Chaudhary S, Dobinson KF, Krishna P (1999) Treatment of 24-epibrassinolide, a brassinoster- oid, increases the basic thermotolerance of Brassica napus and tomato seedlings. Plant Mol Biol 40:332-342.
33. Dietz KJ, Vogel MO, Viehhauser A (2010) AP2/EREBP transcription factors are part of gene regulatory networks and integrate metabolic, hormonal and environmental signals in stress acclimation and retrograde signaling. Protoplasma 245:3-14.
34. El-Khallal SM (2007) Induction and modulation of resistance in tomato plants against Fusarium wilt disease by bioagent fungi (arbuscular mycorrhiza) and/or hormonal elicitors (jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid): 2-changes in the antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and pathogen related-proteins. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 1:717-732.
35. El-Khallal SM, Hathout TA, El Raheim A, Ahsour A, Kerrit AA (2009) Brassinolide and salicylic acid induced antioxidant enzymes, hormonal balance and protein profile of maize plants grown under salt stress. Res J Agri Biol Sci 5:391-402.
36. Fariduddin Q, Khanam S, Hasan SA, Ali B, Hayat S, Ahmad A (2009) Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on the drought stress-induced changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Brassica juncea L. Acta Physiol Plant 31:889-897.
37. Garcia JS, Souza GHMF, Eberlin MN, Arruda MAZ (2009) Evaluation of metal-ion stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves through proteomic changes. Metallomics 1:107-113.
38. Gechev TS, Van Breusegem F, Stone JM, Denev I, Laloi C (2006) Reactive oxygen species as signals that modulate plant stress responses and programmed cell death. Bioessays 28:1091-1101.
39. Gillet S, Decottignies P, Chardonnet S, Le Maréchal P (2006) Cadmium response and redoxin targets in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a proteomic approach. Photosynth Res 89:201-211.
40. Glazebrook J (2005) Contrasting mechanisms of defence against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Annu Rev Phytopathol 43:205-227.
41. Gomes-Junior RA, Gratäo PL, Gaziola SA, Mazzafera P, Lea PJ, Azevedo RA (2007) Selenium-induced oxidative stress in coffee cell suspension cultures. Funct Plant Biol 34:449-456.
42. González-Fernández M, García-Barrera T, Jurado J, Prieto-Álamo MJ, Pueyo C, López-Barea J, Gómez- Ariza JL (2008) Integrated application of transcrip- tomics, proteomics, and metallomics in environmental studies. Pure Appl Chem 80:2609-2626.
43. Gratäo PL, Polle A, Lea PJ, Azevedo RA (2005) Making the life of heavy metal-stressed plants a little easier. Funct Plant Biol 32:481-494.
44. Gratäo PL, Monteiro CC, Antunes AM, Peres LEP, Azevedo RA (2008) Acquired tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro-Tom) plants to cadmium-induced stress. Ann Appl Biol 153:321-333.
45. Gratäo PL, Monteiro CC, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP, Peres LEP, Medici LO, Lea PJ, Azevedo RA (2009) Differential ultrastructural changes in tomato hormonal mutants exposed to cadmium. Environ Exp Bot 67:387-394.
46. Guo WJ, Meetam M, Goldsbrough PB (2008) Examining the specific contributions of individual Arabidopsis metallothioneins to copper distribution and metal tolerance. Plant Physiol 146:1697-1706.
47. Hansch R, Mendel RR (2009) Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Curr Opin Plant Biol 12:259-266.
48. Harmon SM, Wyatt DE (2008) Evaluation of post-Katrina flooded soils for contaminants and toxicity to the soil invertebrates Eisenia fetida and Caenorhabditis ele- gans. Chemosphere 70:1857-1864.
49. Hasan SA, Hayat S, Ali B, Ahmad A (2008) 28-Homobrassinolide protects chickpea (Cicer arie- trinum) from cadmium toxicity by stimulating antioxidants. Environ Pollut 151:60-66.
50. Hayat S, Ali B, Aiman HS, Ahmad A (2007a) Brassinosteroids enhanced antioxidants under cadmium stress in Brassica juncea. Environ Exp Bot 60:33-41.
51. Hayat S, Ali B, Hasan SA, Ahmad A (2007b) Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on salinity-induced changes in Brassica juncea. Turk J Biol 31:141-146.
52. Horst WJ, Wang Y, Eticha D (2010) The role of the root apoplast in aluminium-induced inhibition of root elongation and in aluminium resistance of plants: a review. Ann Bot 106:185-197.
53. Huang Y, Bie Z, He S, Bin Hua B, Zhen A, Liu Z (2010) Improving cucumber tolerance to major nutrients induced salinity by grafting onto Cucurbita ficifolia. Environ Exp Bot 69:32-38.
54. Hung KT, Kao CH (2004) Nitric oxide acts as an antioxidant and delays methyl jasmonate-induced senescence of rice leaves. J Plant Physiol 161:43-52.
55. Irar S, Brini F, Goday A, Masmoudi K, Pages M (2010) Proteomic analysis of wheat embryos with 2-DE and liquid-phase chromatography (ProteomeLab PF-2D) - a wider perspective of the proteome J. Proteomics 73:1707-1721.
56. Islam E, Liu D, Li T, Yang X, Jin X, Mahmood Q, Tian S, Li J (2008) Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, physiology and ultrastructure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi. J Hazard Mater 154:914-926.
57. Janda T, Szalai G, Tari I, Paldi E (1999) Hydroponic treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effects of chilling injury in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Planta 208:175-180.
58. Janda T, Szalai G, Antunovics Z, Horvath E, Paldi E (1999) Effect of benzoic acid and aspirin on chilling tolerance and photosynthesis in young maize plants. Maydica 45:29-33.
59. Jin XF, Yang XE, Islam E, Liu D, Mahmood Q, Li H, Li J (2008) Ultrastructural changes, zinc hyperaccumulation and its relation with antioxidants in two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii Hance. Plant Physiol Biochem 46:997-1006.
60. Kamuro Y, Takaysuto S (1991) Capability for problems of practical uses of brassinosteroids. In: Cutler HG, Yokota T, Adam G (eds) Brassinosteroids chemistry, bioactivity and application, vol 474, ACS Symposium Series. American Chemica Society, Washington, DC, pp 292-297.
61. 2-metabolizing enzymes and increase the chilling tolerance of banana seedlings. Environ Exp Bot 50:9-15.
62. Kawachi M, Kobae Y, Mori H, Tomioka R, Lee Y, Maeshima M (2009) A mutant strain Arabidopsis thal- iana that lacks vacuolar membrane zinc transporter MTP1 revealed the latent tolerance to excessive zinc. Plant Cell Physiol 50:1156-1170.
63. Khaosaad T, Garcia-Garrido JM, Steinkellner S, Vierheilig H (2007) Take-all disease is systemically reduced in roots of mycorrhizal barley plants. Soil Biol Biochem 39:727-734.
64. Kieffer P, Dommes J, Hoffmann L, Hausman JF, Renaut J (2006) Quantitative changes in protein expression of cadmium exposed poplar plants. Proteomics 8:2514-2530.
65. Kihlman BA (1957) The production of chromosome aberrations by cyanide and other heavy metal complexing agents. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3:363-380.
66. Kopittke PM, Blamey FPC, Asher CJ, Menzies NW (2008) Trace metal phytotoxicity in solution culture: a review. J Exp Bot 61:945-954.
67. Kubicka E, Zadernowski R (2007) Enhanced jasmonate biosynthesis in plants and possible implications for food quality. Acta Aliment 36:455-469.
68. Kumari GJ, Reddy AM, Naik ST, Kumar SG, Prasanthi J, Sriranganayakulu G, Reddy PC, Sudhakar C (2006) Jasmonic acid induced changes in protein pattern, antioxidative enzyme activities and peroxidase isoenzymes in peanut seedlings. Biol Plant 50:219-226.
69. Lage-Pinto F, Oliveira JG, da Cunha M, Souza CMM, Rezende CE, Azevedo RA, Vitoria AP (2008) Chlorophyll a fluorescence and ultrastructural changes in chloroplast of water hyacinth as indicators of environmental stress. Environ Exp Bot 64:307-313.
70. Lane TW, Saito MA, George GN, Pickering IJ, Prince RC, Morel FMM (2005) A cadmium enzyme from a marine diatom. Nature 435:42.
71. Lee K, Bae DW, Kim SH, Han HJ, Liu X, Park HC, Lim CO, Lee SY, Chung WS (2010) Comparative proteomic analysis of the short-term responses of rice roots and leaves to cadmium. J Plant Physiol 167:161-168.
72. Li F, Shi J, Shen C, Chen G, Hu S, Chen Y (2009a) Proteomic characterization of copper stress response in Elsholtzia splendens roots and leaves. Plant Mol Biol 71:251-263.
73. Li HF, Gray C, Mico C, Zhao FJ, McGrath SP (2009b) Phytotoxicity and bioavailability of cobalt to plants in a range of soils. Chemosphere 75:979-986.
74. Li J, He M, Han W, Gu Y (2009c) Availability and mobility of heavy metal fractions related to the characteristics of the coastal soils developed from alluvial deposits. Environ Monit Assess 158:459-469.
75. Liu J, Qian M, Cai G, Zhu Q, Wong MH (2007) Variations between rice cultivars in root secretion of organic acids and the relationship with plant cadmium uptake. Environ Geochem Health 29:189-195.
76. Lv DK, Bai X, Li Y, Ding XD, Ge Y, Cai H, Ji W, Wu NLH, Zhu YM (2010) Profiling of cold-stress-responsive miRNAs in rice by microarrays. Gene 459:39-47.
77. Magalhâes CS, Arruda MAZ (2007) Sample preparation for metalloprotein analysis: a case study using horse chestnuts. Talanta 71:1958-1963.
78. Maksymiec W, Wianowska D, Dawidowicz AL, Radkiewicz S, Mardarowicz M, Krupa Z (2005) The level of jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana and Phaseolus coccineus plants under heavy metal stress. J Plant Physiol 162:1338-1346.
79. Martinez-Alcalâ I, Clemente R, Bernal MP (2009) Metal availability and chemical properties in the rhizosphere of Lupinus albus L. growing in a high-metal calcareous soil. Water Air Soil Pollut 201:283-293.
80. Mazorra LM, Nunez M, Hechavarria M, Coll F, Sanchez- Blanco MJ (2002) Influence of brassinosteroids on antioxidant enzymes activity in tomato under different temperatures. Biol Plant 45:593-596.
81. McCutcheon SC, Jorgensen SE (2008) Phytoremediation. In: Jorgensen SE, Fath B (eds) Encyclopedia of ecology. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp 2751-2766.
82. Miao Y, Zentgraf U (2007) The antagonist function of Arabidopsis WRKY53 and ESR/ESP in leaf senescence is modulated by the jasmonic and salicylic acid equilibrium. Plant Cell 19:819-830.
83. Mishra A, Chordhuri MA (1999) Effects of salicylic acid on heavy metal-induced membrane deterioration mediated by lipoxygenase in rice. Biol Plant 42:409-415.
84. Mithofer A, Schulze B, Boland W (2004) Biotic and heavy metal stress response in plants: evidence for common signals. FEBS Lett 566:1-5.
85. Mittler R (2006) Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci 11:1360-1385.
86. Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F (2004) The reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci 9:490-498.
87. Moffat AS (2002) Finding new ways to protect drought- stricken plants. Science 296:1226-1229.
88. Mpller IM, Jensen PE, Hansson A (2007) Oxidative modifications to cellular components in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58:459-481.
89. Moon H, Lee B, Choi G, Shin D, Prasad DT, Lee O, Kwak SS, Kim DH, Nam J, Bahk J, Hong JC, Lee SY, Cho MJ, Lim CO, Yun DJ (2003) NDP kinase 2 interacts with two oxidative stress-activated MAPKs to regulate cellular redox state and enhances multiple stress tolerance in transgenic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:358-363.
90. Mora ML, Rosas A, Ribera A, Rengel Z (2009) Differential tolerance to Mn toxicity in perennial ryegrass genotypes: involvement of antioxidative enzymes and root exudation of carboxylates. Plant Soil 320:79-89.
91. Mounicou S, Szpunar J, Lobinski R (2009) Metallomics: the concept and methodology. Chem Soc Rev 38:1119-1138.
92. Mousavi A, Hotta Y (2005) Glycine-rich proteins: a class of novel proteins. Appl Biochem Biotech 120:169-174.
93. Muñoz AS, Kubachka K, Wrobel K, Corona FG, Yathavakilla SKV, Mutlu S, Atici O, Nalbantoglu B (2006) Effect of salicylic acid and salinity on apoplas- tic antioxidant enzymes in two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Biol Plant 53:334-338.
94. Navrot N, Rouhier N, Gelhaye E, Jacquot JP (2007) Reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant systems in plant mitochondria. Physiol Plant 129:185-195.
95. Neill S, Barros R, Bright J, Desikan R, Hancock J, Harrison J, Morris P, Ribeiro D, Wilson I (2008) Nitric oxide, stomatal closure and abiotic stress. J Exp Bot 59:165-176.
96. O’Donnell PJ, Schmetz E, Block A, Miersch O, Wasternach C, Jones JB, Klee HJ (2003) Multiple hormones act sequentially to mediate a susceptible tomato pathogen defense response. Plant Physiol 133:1181-1189.
97. Ogweno JO, Song XS, Shi K, Hu WH, Mao WH, Zhou YH, Yu JQ, Nogués S (2008) Brassinosteroids alleviate heat-induced inhibition of photosynthesis by increasing carboxylation efficiency and enhancing antioxidant systems in Lycopersicon esculentum. J Plant Growth Regul 27:49-54.
98. Osakabe Y, Mizuno S, Tanaka H, Maruyama K, Osakabe K, Todaka D, Fujita Y, Kobayashi M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2010) Overproduction of the membrane-bound receptor-like protein kinase 1, RPK1, enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 285:9190-9201.
99. Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M, Eleftheriou EP (1997) Physiological and ultrastructural effects of cadmium on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32:154-160.
100. Overmyer K, Tuominen H, Kettunen R, Betz C, Langebartels C, Sandermann H Jr, Kangasjarvi J (2000) Ozone-sensitive Arabidopsis rcdl mutant reveals opposite roles for ethylene and jasmonate signaling pathways in regulating superoxide-dependent cell death. Plant Cell 12:1849-1862.
101. Panda SK (2007) Chromium-mediated oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes in root cells of developing rice seedlings. J Plant Physiol 164:1419-1428.
102. Panda SK, Choudhury S (2005) Chromium stress in plants. Braz J Plant Physiol 17:95-102.
103. Pang QY, Chen SX, Dai SJ, Chen YZ, Wang Y, Yan XF (2010) Comparative proteomics of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella halophila. J Proteome Res 9:2584-2599.
104. Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 37:637-669.
105. Parra-Lobato MC, Fernandez-Garcia N, Olmos E, Alvarez-Tinaut MC, Gomez-Jimenez MC (2009) Methyl jasmonate-induced antioxidant defence in root apoplast from sunflower seedlings. Environ Exp Bot 66:9-17.
106. Patra M, Bhowmik N, Bandopadhyay B, Sharma A (2004) Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance. Environ Exp Bot 52:199-223.
107. Pedrero Z, Encinar JR, Madrid Y, Cámara C (2007) Identification of selenium species in selenium-enriched Lens esculenta plants by using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and [77Se]selenomethionine selenium oxide spikes. J Chromatogr A 1139:247-253.
108. Peng HY, Yang X (2006) Analytical techniques for metal- organic ligand and metallomics study. Chin J Anal Chem 34:1190-1196.
109. Perez-Torres E, Paredes M, Polanco V, Becerra V (2009) Gene expression analysis: a way to study tolerance to abiotic stresses in crops species. Chilean J Agric Res 69:260-269.
110. Porcal P, Koprivnjak JF, Molot LA, Dillon PJ (2009) Humic substances - part 7: the biogeochemistry of dissolved organic carbon and its interactions with climate change. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 16:714-726.
111. Porubleva L, Velden KV, Kothari S, Oliver DJ, Chitnis PR (2000) The proteome of maize leaves: use of gene sequences and expressed sequence tag data for identification of proteins with peptide mass fingerprints. Electrophoresis 22:1724-1738.
112. Posmyk MM, Kontek R, Janas KM (2008) Red cabbage extract limits copper stress injury in meristematic cells of Vicia faba. Acta Physiol Plant 30:481-491.
113. Posmyk MM, Janas KM, Kontek R (2009) Red cabbage anthocyanin extract alleviates copper-induced cyto- logical disturbances in plant meristematic tissue and human lymphocytes. Biometals 22:479-490.
114. Prasad MNV, Strzalka K (eds) (2002) Physiology and biochemistry of metal toxicity and tolerance in plants. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 460p.
115. Rabbani MA, Maruyama K, Abe H, Khan MA, Katsura K, Ito Y, Yoshiwara K, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi- Shinozaki K (2003) Monitoring expression profiles of rice genes under cold, drought, and high-salinity stresses and abscisic acid application using cDNA microarray and RNA get-blot analyses. Plant Physiol 133:1755-1767.
116. Rinalducci S, Murgiano L, Zolla L (2008) Redox pro- teomics: basic principles and future perspectives for the detection of protein oxidation in plants. J Exp Bot 59:3781-3801.
117. Rodríguez-Celma J, Rellán-Álvarez R, Abadía A, Abadía J, López-Millán AF (2010) Changes induced by two levels of cadmium toxicity in the 2-DE protein profile of tomato roots. J Proteomics 73:1694-1706.
118. Ruiz JM, Blasco B, Rivero RM, Romero L (2005) Nicotine-free and salt-tolerant tobacco plants obtained by grafting to salinity-resistant rootstocks of tomato. Physiol Plant 124:465-475.
119. Salekdeh GH, Komatsu S (2007) Crop proteomics: aim at sustainable agriculture of tomorrow. Proteomics 7:2976-2996.
120. Salgado SG, Nieto MAQ, Simón MMB (2006) Determination of soluble toxic arsenic species in alga samples by microwave-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-hydride genera- tion-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1129:54-60.
121. Savvas D, Papastavrou D, Ntatsi G, Ropokis A, Olympios C, Hartmann H, Schwarz D (2009) Interactive effects of grafting and manganese supply on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by tomato. Hortscience 44:1178-1982.
122. Schenk PM, Kazan K, Wilson I, Anderson JP, Richmond T, Somerville SC, Manners JM (2000) Coordinated plant defense responses in Arabidopsis revealed by microarray analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:11655-11660.
123. Schutzendubel A, Polle A (2002) Plant response to abiotic stresses: heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and protection by mycorrhization. J Exp Bot 53:1351-1365.
124. Seggara G, Casanova E, Bellido D, Odena MA, Oliveira E, Trillas I (2007) Proteome, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid changes in cucumber plants inoculated with Trichoderma asperellum strain T34. Proteomics 7:3943-3952.
125. Seo H, Li J, Lee S, Yu J, Kim K, Lee S, Lee I, Paek N (2007) The hypernodulating nts mutation induces jas- monate synthetic pathway in soybean leaves. Mol Cells 24:185-193.
126. Seth CS, Misra V, Chauhan LKS, Singh RR (2008) Genotoxicity of cadmium on root meristem cells of Allium cepa: cytogenetic and Comet assay approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 71:711-716.
127. Shan C, Liang Z (2010) Jasmonic acid regulates ascorbate and glutathione metabolism in Agropyron cristatum leaves under water stress. Plant Sci 178:130-139.
128. Shanker AK, Djanaguiraman M, Sudhagar R, Chandrashekar CN, Pathmanabhan G (2004) Differential antioxidative response of ascorbate glutathione pathway enzymes and metabolites to chromium speciation stress in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek. cv CO 4) roots. Plant Sci 166:1035-1043.
129. Shao HB, Chu LY, Lu ZH, Kang CM (2008) Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plant cells. Int J Biol Sci 4:8-14.
130. Sharma SS, Dietz KJ (2006) The significance of amino acids acid-derived molecules in plant responses and adaptation to heavy metal stress. J Exp Bot 57:711-726.
131. Sharma SS, Dietz KJ (2009) The relationship between metal toxicity and cellular redox imbalance. Trends Plant Sci 14:43-50.
132. Shim D, Hwang JU, Lee J, Lee S, Choi Y, An G, Martinoia E, Lee Y (2009) Transcription factor HsfA4a confer cadmium tolerance in wheat and rice. Plant Cell 21:4031-4343.
133. Shulaev V, Oliver DJ (2006) Metabolic and proteomic markers for oxidative stress. New tools for reactive oxygen species research. Plant Physiol 141:367-372.
134. Soren KR, Ali K, Tyagi V, Tyagi A (2010) Recent advances in molecular breeding of drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Biotechnol 9:233-251.
135. Sugiyama M, Ae N, Arao T (2007) Role of roots in differences in seed cadmium concentration among soybean cultivars - proof by grafting experiment. Plant Soil 295:1-11.
136. Sung DL, Kim TH, Komives EA, Mendonza-Cozatl DG, Schroeder JI (2009) ARS5 is a component of the 26S proteasome complex, and negatively regulates thiol biosynthesis and arsenic tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant J 59:802-813.
137. Sussulini A, Garcia JS, Arruda MAZ (2007) Microwave- assisted decomposition of polyacrylamide gels containing metalloproteins using mini-vials: an auxiliary strategy for metallomics studies. Anal Biochem 361:146-148.
138. Szpunar J (2004) Metallomics: a new frontier in analytical chemistry. Anal Bioanal Chem 378:54-56.
139. Tagin E, Atici O, Nalbantoglu B, Popova LP (2006) Effects of salicylic acid and cold treatments on protein levels and on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the apoplast of winter wheat leaves. Phytochemistry 67:710-715.
140. Timms JF, Cramer R (2008) Difference gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 8:4886-4897.
141. Tolra R, Pongrac P, Poschenrieder C, Vogel-Mikus K, Regvar M, Barcelo J (2006) Distinctive effects of cadmium on glucosinolate profiles in Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox and non-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi arvense. Plant Soil 288:333-341.
142. Torres MA, Dangl JL, Jones JD (2002) Arabidopsis gp91phox homologues AtrbohD and AtrbohF are required for accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates in the plant defense response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:517-522.
143. Turnbull CGN, Booker JPB, Leyser HMO (2002) Micrografting techniques for testing long-distance signalling in Arabidopsis. Plant J 32:255-262.
144. Unceer H, Ayaz S, Beyazglum O, enturk E (2003) Cytogenetic effects of copper chloride on the root tip cells of Helianthus annuus L. Turk J Biol 27:43-46.
145. Upadhyay RK, Panda KS (2009) Copper-induced growth inhibition, oxidative stress and ultrastructural alterations in freshly grown water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). C R Biol 332:623-632.
146. Uquillas C, Letelier I, Blanco F, Jordana X, Holuigue L (2004) NPR1-independent activation of immediate early salicylic acid-responsive genes in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 17:34-42.
147. Valega M, Lima AIG, Figueira EMAP, Pereira E, Pardal MA, Duarte AC (2009) Mercury intracellular partitioning and chelation in a salt marsh plant, Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen: strategies underlying tolerance in environmental exposure. Chemosphere 74:530-536.
148. Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MT (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem 12:1161-1208.
149. Visioli G, Marmiroli M, Marmiroli N (2010) Twodimensional liquid chromatography technique coupled with mass spectrometry analysis to compare the proteomic response to cadmium stress in plants. J Biomed Biotechnol 201:10p.
150. Vitoria AP, da Cunha M, Azevedo RA (2006) Ultrastructural changes of radish leaf exposed to cadmium. Environ Exp Bot 58:47-52.
151. Wang HH, Feng T, Peng XX, Yan ML, Zhou PL, Tang XK (2009a) Ameliorative effects of brassinosteroid on excess manganese-induced oxidative stress in Zea mays L. leaves. Agric Sci China 8:1063-1074.
152. Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X (2009b) Photosynthetic responses to heavy metal terbium stress in horseradish leaves. Chemosphere 77:19-25.
153. Wojcik M, Pawlikowska-Palenga B, Tukiendorf A (2009) Physiological and ultrastructural changes in Arabidopsis thaliana as affected by changed GHS level and Cu excess. Russian J Plant Physiol 56:820-829.
154. Wu WH, Song XS, Shi K, Xia XJ, Zhou YH, Yu JQ (2008) Changes in electron transport, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes in chloroplasts and mitochondria of cucumber leaves as influenced by chiling. Photosynthetica 46:581-588.
155. Xu Z, Chen S, Huang W, Fang G, Pingzhu H, Wang S (2009) Study on an on-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for separation and determination of trace estrone in environment. Anal Bioanal Chem 393:1273-1279.
156. Yalpani N, Enyedi AJ, Leon J, Raskin I (1994) Ultraviolet light and ozone stimulate accumulation of salicylic acid, pathogen-related proteins and virus resistance in tobacco. Planta 193:372-376.
157. Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shi W, Qian C, Peng X (2007) Identification of aluminum-responsive proteins in rice roots by a proteomic approach: cysteine synthase as a key player in Al response. Proteomics 7:737-749.
158. Yang J, Ma Z, Ye Z, Guo X, Qiu R (2010) Heavy metal (Pb, Zn) uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four wetland plants with different radial oxygen loss. J Environ Sci 22:696-702.
159. Zhang LR, Xing D (2008) Methyl jasmonate induces production of reactive oxygen species and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics that precede photosynthetic dysfunction and subsequent cell death. Plant Cell Physiol 49:1092-1111.
160. Zhen A, Bie Z, Huang Y, Liu Z, Li Q (2010) Effects of scion and rootstock genotypes on the anti-oxidant defense systems of grafted cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56:263-271.