Confocal Microscopy

Fluorescence Microscopy: From Principles to Biological Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 175-213

  Naredi Rainer, Nikolaus ^a   Prescher, Jens ^a   Hartschuh, Achim ^a   Lamb, Don C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign   (United States)

Author keywords

Confocal microscopy; Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy; Number and brightness analysis; Numerical aperture; Point spread function; Pulsed interleaved excitation; Raster imaging correlation spectroscopy; Resolution limit

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884633432     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527671595.ch5     Document Type: Chapter

References (70)

1. Abbe, E. (1873) Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der Mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung. Arch. Mikrosk. Anat., 9, 413-468.
2. Airy, G.B. (1835) On the diffraction of an object-glass with circular aperture. Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 5, 283-291.
3. Bacia, K., Kim, S.A., and Schwille, P. (2006) Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy in living cells. Nat. Methods, 3, 83-89.
4. Bi, H. and Borner, G. (1994) When does the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution converge. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 108, 409-415.
5. Bismuto, E., Gratton, E., and Lamb, D.C. (2001) Dynamics of ANS binding to tuna apomyoglobin measured with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biophys. J., 81, 3510-3521.
6. Chakraborty, K., Chatila, M., Sinha, J., Shi, Q., Poschner, B.C., Sikor, M., Jiang, G., Lamb, D.C., Hartl, F.U., and Hayer-Hartl, M. (2010) Chaperonin-catalyzed rescue of kinetically trapped states in protein folding. Cell, 142, 112-122.
7. Chen, Y., Müller, J.D., Ruan, Q., and Gratton, E. (2002) Molecular brightness characterization of EGFP in vivo by fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Biophys. J., 82, 133-144.
8. Chen, Y., Müller, J.D., So, P.T., and Gratton, E. (1999) The photon counting histogram in fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Biophys. J., 77, 553-567.
9. Claxton, N.S., Fellers, T.J., and Davidson, M.W. (2005) Laser scanning confocal microscopy Florida: Dept. of Optical Microscopy and Digital Imaging, National High Magnetic Field Lab. The Florida State University, Florida. Published only online (http://www.olympusfluoview.com/theory/LSCMIntro.pdf).
10. Clegg, R.M. (1995) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 6, 103-110.
11. Conchello, J.-A. (1998) Superresolution and convergence properties of the expectation-maximization algorithm for maximum-likelihood deconvolution of incoherent images. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 15, 2609-2619.
12. Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., and Rubin, D.B. (1977) Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Met.), 39, 1-38.
13. Digman, M.A., Brown, C.M., Sengupta, P., Wiseman, P.W., Horwitz, A.R., and Gratton, E. (2005a) Measuring fast dynamics in solutions and cells with a laser scanning microscope. Biophys. J., 89, 1317-1327.
14. Digman, M.A., Sengupta, P., Wiseman, P.W., Brown, C.M., Horwitz, A.R., and Gratton, E. (2005b) Fluctuation correlation spectroscopy with a laser-scanning microscope: exploiting the hidden time structure. Biophys. J., 88, L33-L36.
15. Digman, M.A., Dalal, R., Horwitz, A.F., and Gratton, E. (2008) Mapping the number of molecules and brightness in the laser scanning microscope. Biophys. J., 94, 2320-2332.
16. Digman, M.A. and Gratton, E. (2009) Analysis of diffusion and binding in cells using the RICS approach. Microsc. Res. Tech., 72, 323-332.
17. Digman, M.A., Wiseman, P.W., Choi, C., Horwitz, A.R., and Gratton, E. (2009) Stoichiometry of molecular complexes at adhesions in living cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 106, 2170-2175.
18. Donnert, G., Eggeling, C., and Hell, S.W. (2007) Major signal increase in fluorescence microscopy through dark-state relaxation. Nat. Methods, 4, 81-86.
19. Egger, M.D. and Petran, M. (1967) New reflected-light microscope for viewing unstained brain and ganglion cells. Science, 157, 305-307.
20. Elson, E.L. and Magde, D. (1974) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. I. Conceptual basis and theory. Biopolymers, 13, 1-27.
21. Foo, Y.H., Naredi-Rainer, N., Lamb, D.C., Ahmed, S., and Wohland, T. (2012) Factors affecting the quantification of biomolecular interactions by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Biophys. J., 102, 1174-1183.
22. Förster, T. (1948) Zwischenmolekulare Energiewanderung und Fluoreszenz. Ann. Phys., 437(1-2), 55-75.
23. Fries, J.R., Brand, L., Eggeling, C., Kollner, M., and Seidel, C.A.M. (1998) Quantitative identification of different single molecules by selective time-resolved confocal fluorescence spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 6601-6613.
24. García-Sáez, A.J. and Schwille, P. (2008) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for the study of membrane dynamics and protein/lipid interactions. Methods, 46, 116-122.
25. Haustein, E. and Schwille, P. (2007) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: novel variations of an established technique. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 36, 151-169.
26. Hess, S.T., Huang, S., Heikal, A.A., and Webb, W.W. (2001) Biological and chemical applications of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: a review. Biochemistry, 41, 697-705.
27. Höller, M. (2011). Advanced fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy with pulsed interleaved excitation. Ph.D. thesis and dissertation. Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich.
28. Hooke, R. (1665) Micrographia, J. Martyn and J. Allestry, London.
29. Kask, P., Palo, K., Ullmann, D., and Gall, K. (1999) Fluorescence-intensity distribution analysis and its application in biomolecular detection technology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 96, 13756-13761.
30. Krichevsky, O. and Bonnet, G. (2002) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: the technique and its applications. Rep. Prog. Phys., 65, 251.
31. Krishnamurthi, V., Liu, Y.-H., Bhattacharyya, S., Turner, J.N., and Holmes, T.J. (1995) Blind deconvolution of fluorescence micrographs by maximum-likelihood estimation. Appl. Opt., 34, 6633-6647.
32. Kudryavtsev, V., Sikor, M., Kalinin, S., Mokranjac, D., Seidel, C.A., and Lamb, D.C. (2012) Combining MFD and PIE for accurate single-pair Forster resonance energy transfer measurements. ChemPhysChem, 13, 1060-1078.
33. Lakowicz, J.R. (2006) Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3rd edn, Springer, Berlin.
34. Lamb, D.C. (2009) in Single Particle Tracking and Single Molecule Energy Transfer: Applications in the Bio and Nano Sciences (eds C. Bräuchle, D.C. Lamb, and J. Michaelis), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp. 99-129.
35. Lamb, D.C., Schenk, A., Röcker, C., Scalfi-Happ, C., and Nienhaus, G.U. (2000) Sensitivity enhancement in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of multiple species using time-gated detection. Biophys. J., 79, 1129-1138.
36. Magde, D., Elson, E., and Webb, W.W. (1972) Thermodynamic fluctuations in a reacting system: measurement by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett., 29, 705.
37. Magde, D., Elson, E.L., and Webb, W.W. (1974) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. II. An experimental realization. Biopolymers, 13, 29-61.
38. Mapa, K., Sikor, M., Kudryavtsev, V., Waegemann, K., Kalinin, S., Seidel, C.A.M., Neupert, W., Lamb, D.C., and Mokranjac, D. (2010) The conformational dynamics of the mitochondrial Hsp70 chaperone. Mol. Cell, 38, 89-100.
39. Medina, M.Á. and Schwille, P. (2002) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for the detection and study of single molecules in biology. Bioessays, 24, 758-764.
40. Meer, G.V., Stelzer, E.H.K., Resandt, R.W.W.-V., and Simons, K. (1987) Sorting of sphingolipids in epithelial (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells. J. Cell Biol., 105, 1623-1635.
41. Minsky, M. (1961) Microscopy apparatus. US patent 3,013,467, U.S.P. Office, (US).
42. Minsky, M. (1988) Memoir on inventing the confocal scanning microscope. Scanning, 10, 128-138.
43. Müller, J.D. (2004) Cumulant analysis in fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Biophys. J., 86, 3981-3992.
44. Müller, M. (2006) Introduction to Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy, 2nd edn, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham.
45. Müller, B.K., Zaychikov, E., Brauchle, C., and Lamb, D.C. (2005) Pulsed interleaved excitation. Biophys. J., 89, 3508-3522.
46. Naora, H. (1951) Microspectrophotometry and cytochemical analysis of nucleic acids. Science, 114, 279-280.
47. Nipkow, P. (1884) Elektrisches Teleskop, German patent 30,105.
48. Novotny, L. and Hecht, B. (2006) Principles of Nano-Optics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
49. Ohrt, T., Mütze, J., Staroske, W., Weinmann, L., Höck, J., Crell, K., Meister, G., and Schwille, P. (2008) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy reveal the cytoplasmic origination of loaded nuclear RISC in vivo in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 6439-6449.
50. Pankajakshan, P., Zhang, B., Blanc-Féraud, L., Kam, Z., Olivo-Marin, J.-C., and Zerubia, J. (2009) Blind deconvolution for thin-layered confocal imaging. Appl. Opt., 48, 4437-4448.
51. Pawley, J.B. (2006) Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd edn, Springer, New York.
52. Petersen, N.O. (1986) Scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. I. Theory and simulation of aggregation measurements. Biophys. J., 49, 809-815.
53. Petersen, N.O., Johnson, D.C., and Schlesinger, M.J. (1986) Scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. II. Application to virus glycoprotein aggregation. Biophys. J., 49, 817-820.
54. Ploem, J.S. (1967) The use of a vertical illuminator with interchangeable dichroic mirrors for fluorescence microscopy with incident light. Z. Wiss. Mikrosk., 68, 129-142.
55. Richardson, W.H. (1972) Bayesian-based iterative method of image restoration. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 62, 55-59.
56. Rigler, R., Kask, P., Mets, Ü., and Widengren, J. (1993) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with high count rate and low background: analysis of translational diffusion. Eur. Biophys. J., 22, 169-175.
57. Schuler, B., Lipman, E.A., and Eaton, W.A. (2002) Probing the free-energy surface for protein folding with single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Nature, 419, 743-747.
58. Schwille, P., Meyer-Almes, F.J., and Rigler, R. (1997a) Dual-color fluorescence crosscorrelation spectroscopy for multicomponent diffusional analysis in solution. Biophys. J., 72, 1878-1886.
59. Schwille, P., Meyer-Almes, F.J., and Rigler, R. (1997b) Dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy for multicomponent diffusional analysis in solution. Biophys. J., 72, 1878-1886.
60. Sparrow, C.M. (1916) On spectroscopic resolving power. Astrophys. J., 44, 76-86.
61. Strutt, J.W. (1879) Investigations in optics, with special reference to the spectroscope. Philos. Mag., 5, 261-274.
62. Thompson, N.L. (1991) in Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Techniques, Vol. 1 (ed J.R. Lakowicz), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 337-378.
63. Thompson, N. (2002) in Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy (ed J. Lakowicz), Springer, New York, pp. 337-378.
64. Verveer, P.J., Gemkow, M.J., and Jovin, T.M. (1999) A comparison of image restoration approaches applied to three-dimensional confocal and wide-field fluorescence microscopy. J. Microsc., 193, 50-61.
65. Webb, R.H. (1996) Confocal optical microscopy. Rep. Prog. Phys., 59, 427-471.
66. White, J.G., Amos, W.B., and Fordham, M. (1987) An evaluation of confocal versus conventional imaging of biological structures by fluorescence light microscopy. J. Cell Biol., 105, 41-48.
67. Widengren, J., Kudryavtsev, V., Antonik, M., Berger, S., Gerken, M., and Seidel, C.A.M. (2006) Single-molecule detection and identification of multiple species by multiparameter fluorescence detection. Anal. Chem., 78, 2039-2050.
68. Wilhelm, S. (2008) Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Jena, p. 42.
69. Young, J.Z. and Roberts, F. (1951) A flyingspot microscope. Nature, 167, 231.
70. Zander, C., Sauer, M., Do, D.-S., Ashulz, A., Wolfrum, J., Brand, L., Eggeling, C., and Seidel, C.A.M. (1996) Detection and characterization of single molecule in aqueous solution. Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt., 63, 517-523.