Late presentation of HIV infection: Predictors of delayed diagnosis and survival in Eastern Sicily

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

Volumn 17, Issue 16, 2013, Pages 2218-2224

  Celesia, B M ^a   Castronuovo, D ^a   Pinzone, M R ^a   Bellissimo, F ^a   Mughini, M T ^a   Lupo, G ^a   Scarpino, M R ^a   Gussio, M ^a   Palermo, F ^a   Cosentino, S ^a   Cacopardo, B ^a   Nunnari, G ^a  

^a ARNAS Garibaldi Nesima   (Italy)

Author keywords

HAART; HIV; Late presentation; Late presenter

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HETEROSEXUALITY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; ITALY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL RATE;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HETEROSEXUALITY; HIV INFECTIONS; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SICILY; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84884270294     PISSN: 11283602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. BERRETTA M, CINELLI R, MARTELLOTTA F, SPINA M, VACCHER E, TIRELLI U. Therapeutic approaches to AIDS-related malignancies.Oncogene 2003; 22: 6646-6659
2. PINZONE MR, DI ROSA M, CACOPARDO B, NUNNARI G. HIV RNA suppression and immune restoration: can we do better? Clin Develop Immunol 2012; 2012: 515962
3. NUNNARI G, OTERO M, DORNADULA G, VANELLA M, ZHANG H, FRANK I, POMERANTZ RJ. Residual HIV-1 disease in seminal cells of HIV-1-infected men on suppressive HAART: latency without on-going cellular infections. AIDS 2002; 16: 39-45
4. NUNNARI G, GUSSIO M, PINZONE MR, MARTELLOTTA F, COSENTINO S, CACOPARDO B, CELESIA BM. Cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-1-infected person: relapses or IRIS? Case report and review of the literature. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17: 1555-1559
5. NUNNARI G, SULLIVAN J, XU Y, NYIRJESY P, KULKOSKY J, CAVERT W, FRANK I, POMERANTZ RJ. HIV type 1 cervicovaginal reservoirs in the era of HAART. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2005; 21: 714-718
6. KULKOSKY J, BOUHAMDAN M, GEIST A, NUNNARI G, PHINNEY DG, POMERANTZ RJ. Pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection within bone marrow cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 37: 497-515
7. POMERANTZ RJ, NUNNARI G. HIV and GB virus C- can two viruses be better than one? N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 963-965
8. DORNADULA G, NUNNARI G, VANELLA M, ROMAN J, BABINCHAK T, DE SIMONE J, STERN J, BRAFFMAN M, ZHANG H, POMERANTZ RJ. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons with residual disease and virus reservoirs on suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy can be stratified into relevant virologic and immunologic subgroups. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 1682-1687
9. OTERO M, NUNNARI G, LETO D, SULLIVAN J, WANG FX, FRANK I, XU Y, PATEL C, DORNADULA G, KULKOSKY J, POMERANTZ RJ. Peripheral blood Dendritic cells are not a major reservoir for HIV type 1 in infected individuals on virally suppressive HAART. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2003; 19: 1097-1103
10. NUNNARI G, ARGYRIS E, FANG J, MEHLMAN KE, POMERANTZ RJ, DANIEL R. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by caffeine and caffeine-related methylxanthines. Virology 2005; 335: 177-184
11. SMITH JA, NUNNARI G, PREUSS M, POMERANTZ RJ, DANIEL R. Pentoxifylline suppresses transduction by HIV-1-based vectors. Intervirology 2007; 50: 377-386
12. PINZONE MR, CACOPARDO B, CONDORELLI F, DI ROSA M, NUNNARI G. Sirtuin-1 and HIV-1: an overview. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 14: 648-652
13. WANG FX, XU Y, SULLIVAN J, SOUDER E, ARGYRIS EG, ACHEAMPONG EA, FISHER J, SIERRA M, THOMSON MM, NAJERA R, FRANK I, KULKOSKY J, POMERANTZ RJ, NUNNARI G. IL-7 is a potent and proviral strain-specific inducer of latent HIV-1 cellular reservoirs of infected individuals on virally suppressive HAART. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 128-137
14. NUNNARI G, COCO C, PINZONE MR, PAVONE P, BERRETTA M, DI ROSA M, SCHNELL M, CALABRESE G, CACOPARDO B. The role of micronutrients in the diet of HIV-1-infected individuals. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012; 4: 2442-2456
15. ZANET E, BERRETTA M, DI BENEDETTO F, TALAMINI R, BALLARIN R, NUNNARI G, BERRETTA S, RIDOLFO A, LLESHI A, ZANGHÌ A, CAPPELLANI A, TIRELLI U. Pancreatic cancer in HIV-positive patients: a clinical casecontrol study. Pancreas 2012; 41: 1331-1335
16. BERRETTA M, GARLASSI E, CACOPARDO B, CAPPELLANI A, GUARALDI G, COCCHI S, DE PAOLI P, LLESHI A, IZZI I, TORRESIN A, DI GANGI P, PIETRANGELO A, FERRARI M, BEARZ A, BERRETTA S, NASTI G, DI BENEDETTO F, BALESTRERI L, TIRELLI U, VENTURA P. Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-infected patients: check early, treat hard. Oncologist 2011; 16: 1258-1269
17. BERRETTA M, LLESHI A, CAPPELLANI A, BEARZ A, SPINA M, TALAMINI R, CACOPARDO B, NUNNARI G, MONTESARCHIO V, IZZI I, LANZAFAME M, NASTI G, BASILE F, BERRETTA S, FISICHELLA R, SCHIANTARELLI C, GARLASSI E, RIDOLFO A, GUELLA L, TIRELLI U. Oxaliplatin based chemotherapy and concomitant highly active antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of 24 patients with colorectal cancer and HIV infection. Curr HIV Res 2010; 8: 218-222
18. BERRETTA M, CAPPELLANI A, DI BENEDETTO F, LLESHI A, TALAMINI R, CANZONIERI V, ZANET E, BEARZ A, NASTI G, LACCHIN T, BERRETTA S, FISICHELLA R, BALESTRERI L, TORRESIN A, IZZI I, ORTOLANI P, TIRELLI U. Clinical presentation and outcome of colorectal cancer in hivpositive patients: a clinical case-control study. Onkologie 2009; 32: 319-324
19. BERRETTA M, ZANET E, BASILE F, RIDOLFO AL, DI BENEDETTO F, BEARZ A, BERRETTA S, NASTI G, TIRELLI U. HIV-positive patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer deserve the same therapeutic approach as the general population. Onkologie 2010; 33: 203-204
20. ZANET E, BERRETTA M, MARTELLOTTA F, CACOPARDO B, FISICHELLA R, TAVIO M, BERRETTA S, TIRELLI U. Anal cancer: focus on HIV-positive patients in the HAART Era. Curr HIV Res 2011; 9: 70-81
21. NUNNARI G, XU Y, ACHEAMPONG EA, FANG J, DANIEL R, ZHANG C, ZHANG H, MUKHTAR M, POMERANTZ RJ. Exogenous IL-7 induces Fas-mediated human neuronal apoptosis: potential effects during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Neurovirol 2005; 11: 319-328
22. NUNNARI G, POMERANTZ RJ. IL-7 as a potential therapy for HIV-1-infected individuals. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 5: 1421-1426
23. NUNNARI G, BERRETTA M, PINZONE MR, DI ROSA M, CAPPELLANI A, BERRETTA S, TIRELLI U, MALAGUARNERA M, SCHNELL JM, CACOPARDO B. Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV positive patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16: 1257-1270
24. MARTELLOTTA F, BERRETTA M, CACOPARDO B, FISICHELLA R, SCHIOPPA O, ZANGHÌ A, SPARTÀ D, CAPPELLANI A, TALAMINI R, IZZI I, RIDOLFO A, TORRESIN A, FIORICA F, TIRELLI U. Clinical presentation and outcome of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in HIV-infected patients in the HAART-era: a GICAT experience. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16: 1283-1291
25. BERRETTA M, DI BENEDETTO F, DAL MASO L, CACOPARDO B, NASTI G, FACCHINI G, BEARZ A, SPINA M, GARLASSI E, DE RE V, FIORICA F, LLESHI A, TIRELLI U. Sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-positive patients. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24: 212-218
26. DI ROSA M, MALAGUARNERA G, DE GREGORIO C, PALUMBO M, NUNNARI G, MALAGUARNERA L. Immuno-modulatory effects of vitamin D3 in human monocyte and macrophages. Cell Immunol 2012; 280: 36-43
27. DI ROSA M, MALAGUARNERA L, NICOLOSI A, SANFILIPPO C, MAZZARINO C, PAVONE P, BERRETTA M, COSENTINO S, CACOPARDO B, PINZONE MR, NUNNARI G. Vitamin D3: an ever green molecule. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2013; 5: 247-260
28. PINZONE MR, FIORICA F, DI ROSA M, MALAGUARNERA G, MALAGUARNERA L, CACOPARDO B, ZANGHÌ G, NUNNARI G. Non-AIDS-defining cancers among HIV-infected people. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16: 1377-1388
29. BEARZ A, VACCHER E, TALAMINI R, BERRETTA M, TIRELLI U. Comment on ?Lung cancer in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: role of smoking, immunodeficiency and pulmonary infection?. Br J Cancer 2012; 106: 1899-1900
30. NUNNARI G, SMITH JA, DANIEL R. HIV-1 Tat and AIDSassociated cancer: targeting the cellular anti-cancer barrier. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2008; 27: 3
31. PINZONE MR, CELESIA BM, DI ROSA M, CACOPARDO B, NUNNARI G. Microbial translocation in chronic liver diseases. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012: 694629
32. PINZONE MR, DI ROSA M, MALAGUARNERA M, MADEDDU G, FOCÀ E, CECCARELLI G, D?ETTORRE G, VULLO V, FISICHELLA R, CACOPARDO B, NUNNARI G. Vitamin D deficiency in HIV infection: an underestimated and undertreated epidemic. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17: 1218-1232
33. LIKATAVICIUS G, VAN DE LAAR M. HIV and AIDS in the European Union, 2011. Euro Surveill 2012; 17: pii=20329
34. MONFORTE AD, COZZI-LEPRI A, GIRARDI E, CASTAGNA A, MUSSINI C, DI GIAMBENEDETTO S, GALLI M, CASSOLA G, VULLO V, QUIROS-ROLDAN E, LO CAPUTO S, ANTINORI A; Icona Foundation Study Group. Late presenters in new HIV diagnoses from an Italian cohort of HIV-infected patients: prevalence and clinical outcome. Antivir Ther 2011; 16: 1103-1112
35. KELLEY CF, KITCHEN CM, HUNT PW, RODRIGUEZ B, HECHT FM, KITAHATA M, CRANE HM, WILLIG J, MUGAVERO M, SAAG M, MARTIN JN, DEEKS SG. Incomplete peripheral CD4+ cell count restoration in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term antiretroviral treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 787-794
36. EGGER M, MAY M, CHÊNE G, PHILLIPS AN, LEDERGERBER B, DABIS F, COSTAGLIOLA D, MONFORTE AD, DE WOLF F, REISS P, LUNDGREN JD, JUSTICE AC, STASZEWSKI S, LEPORT C, HOGG RS, SABIN CA, GILL MJ, SALZBERGER B, STERNE JA; ART Cohort Collaboration. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360(9327): 119-129. Erratum in: Lancet 2002; 360(9340): 1178
37. ULETT KB, WILLIG JH, LIN HY, ROUTMAN JS, ABROMS S, ALLISON J, CHATHAM A, RAPER JL, SAAG MS, MUGAVERO MJ. The therapeutic implications of timely linkage and early retention in HIV care. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2009; 23: 41-49
38. MARKS G, CREPAZ N, JANSSEN RS. Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS 2006; 20: 1447-1450
39. ANTINORI A, COENEN T, COSTAGIOLA D, DEDES N, ELLEFSON M, GATELL J, GIRARDI E, JOHNSON M, KIRK O, LUNDGREN J, MOCROFT A, D?ARMINIO MONFORTE A, PHILLIPS A, RABEN D, ROCKSTROH JK, SABIN C, SÖNNERBORG A, DE WOLF F; European Late Presenter Consensus Working Group. Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition. HIV Med 2011; 12: 61-64
40. EUROPEAN AIDS CLINICAL SOCIETY GUIDELINES, http://www. europeanaidsclinicalsociety.org/images/stories/EACS-Pdf/EacsGuidelines-v6. 1-2edition.pdf
41. CAMONI L, RAIMONDO M, REGINE V, SALFA MC, SULIGOI B and the regional representatives of the HIV Surveillance System. Late presenters among persons with a new HIV diagnosis in Italy, 2010- 2011. BMC Public Health 2013; 13: 281
42. LONGO B, CAMONI L, BOROS S, SULIGOI B. Increasing proportion of AIDS diagnoses among older adults in Italy. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2008; 22: 365-371
43. SMITH RD, DELPECH VC, BROWN AE, RICE BD. HIV transmission and high rates of late diagnoses among adults aged 50 years and over. AIDS 2010, 24: 2109-2115
44. DICKSON NP, MCALLISTER S, SHARPLES K, PAUL C. Late presentation of HIV infection among adults in New Zealand: 2005-2010. HIV Medicine 2012; 13: 182-189
45. PRATT G, GASCOYNE K, CUNNINGHAM K, TUNBRIDGE A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in older people. Age Ageing 2010; 39: 289-294
46. GOTT CM. Sexual activity and risk-taking in later life. Health Soc Care Commun 2001; 9: 72-78
47. BAI F, TINCATI C, MERLINI E, PACIONI C, SINIGAGLIA E, CARPANI G, MONFORTE AD, MARCHETTI G. Reduced central memory CD4+ T cells and increased TCell activation characterise treatment-naïve patients newly diagnosed at late stage of HIV infection. AIDS Res Treat 2012; 2012: 314849
48. PAIARDINI M, CERVASI B, ALBRECHT H, MUTHUKUMAR A, DUNHAM R, GORDON S, RADZIEWICZ H, PIEDIMONTE G, MAGNANI M, MONTRONI M, KAECH SM, WEINTROB A, ALTMAN JD, SODORA DL, FEINBERG MB, SILVESTRI G. Loss of CD127 expression defines an expansion of effector CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals. J Immunol 2005; 174: 2900-2909
49. BENITO JM, LOPEZ M, LOZANO S, GONZALEZ-LAHOZ J, SORIANO V. Down-regulation of interleukin-7 receptor (CD127) in HIV infection is associated with T cell activation and is a main factor influencing restoration of CD4+ cells after antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2008; 198: 1466-1473
50. SABIN CA, SMITH CJ, GUMLEY H, MURPHY G, LAMPE FC, PHILLIPS AN, PRINZ B, YOULE M, JOHNSON MA. Late presenters in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: uptake of and responses to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2004; 18: 2145-2151
51. GIRARDI E, SABIN CA, MONFORTE AD. Late diagnosis of HIV infection: epidemiological features, consequences and strategies to encourage earlier testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46(Suppl1) S3-S8
52. KRENTZ HB, AULD MC, GILL MJ. The high cost of medical care for patients who present late (CD4
53. DI BENEDETTO F, DE RUVO N, BERRETTA M, MASETTI M, MONTALTI R, DI SANDRO S, QUINTINI C, TIRELLI U, GERUNDA G. Don?t deny Liver transplantation to HIV-positive patients with HCC in the HAART-era. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: e26-27
54. DI BENEDETTO F, DI SANDRO S, DE RUVO N, BERRETTA M, MONTALTI R, GUERINI GP, BALLARIN R, DE BLASIIS MG, SPAGGIARI M, SMERIERI N, IEMMOLO RM, GUARALDI G, GERUNDA GE. Human immunodeficiency virus and liver transplantation: our point of view: Transplant Proc 2008; 40: 1965-1971
55. BERRETTA M, ZANET E, DI BENEDETTO F, SIMONELLI C, BEARZ A, MORRA A, BONANNO S, BERRETTA S, TIRELLI U. Unusual presentation of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in an HIV/HCV coinfected patient: case report and review of the literature. Tumori 2008; 94: 589-591
56. SIMONELLI C, TEDESCHI R, GLOGHINI A, TALAMINI R, BORTOLIN MT, BERRETTA M, SPINA M, MORASSUT A, VACCHER E, DE PAOLI P, CARBONE A, TIRELLI U. Plasma HHV-8 viral load in HHV-8 related lymphoproliferative disorders associated with HIV infection. J Med Virol 2009; 81: 888-896
57. BERRETTA M, DI BENEDETTO F, BEARZ A, SIMONELLI C, BERRETTA S, SPINA M, TIRELLI U. Folfox-4 regimen with concomitant highly active antiretroviral therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer HIV-infected patients: a report of five cases and review of the literature. Cancer Invest 2008; 26: 610-614
58. BERRETTA M, ZANET E, TAIBI R, MARTELLOTTA F, PAVONE P, BEARZ A, GOBITTI C, CIANCIA EM, CANZONIERI V, TIRELLI U. Leiomyosarcoma of the parotid gland in a HIV-positive patient: therapeutic approach, clinical course and review of the literature. J Chemother 2009; 21: 215-218
59. TAVIO M, GROSSI P, BACCARANI U, SCUDELLER L, PEA F, BERRETTA M, ADANI G, VIVARELLI M, RIVA A, TIRELLI U, BRESADOLA V, VIALE P, RISALITI A HIV-infected patients and liver transplantation: who, when and why. Curr HIV Res 2011; 9: 120-127
60. MARTELLOTTA F, BERRETTA M, VACCHER E, SCHIOPPA O, ZANET E, TIRELLI U. AIDS-related Kaposi?s sarcoma: state of art. Curr HIV Res 2009; 7: 634-638