How terrorism ends: Understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns

How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Cronin, Audrey Kurth ^a  

^a US National War College   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884031293     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (295)

1. Abrahms, Max. "Are Terrorists Really Rational? The Palestinian Example." Orbis 48, no. 3 (Summer 2004): 533-49.
2. Abrahms, Max. "Al Qaeda's Scorecard: A Progress Report on Al Qaeda's Objectives." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 29, no.5 (July-August 2006): 509-29.
3. Abuza, Zachary. "Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyaf." Strategic Studies Institute Monograph. Carlisle: U.S. Army War College, September 2005.
4. Al-Awadi, Hesham. In Pursuit of Legitimacy: The Muslim Brothers and Mubarak, 1982-2000. London: Tauris, 2004.
5. Alexander, Yonah, and Dennis Pluchinsky, eds. Europe's Red Terrorists: The Fighting Communist Organizations. London: Frank Cass, 1992.
6. Allison, Graham T. Nuclear Terrorism: The Risks and Consequences of the Ultimate Disaster. London: Robinson, 2006.
7. Al-Monein Said Aly, Abd, and Manfred W. Wenner. "Modern Islamic Reform Movements: The Muslim Brotherhood in Contemporary Egypt." Middle East Journal 36, no. 3 (Summer 1982): 336-61.
8. Alonso, Rogelio. "The Modernization in Irish Republican Thinking toward the Utility of Violence." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 24, no. 2 (March-April 2001): 131-44.
9. Alonso, Rogelio. "Pathways Out of Terrorism in Northern Ireland and the Basque Country: The Misrepresentation of the Irish Model." Terrorism and Political Violence 16, no. 4 (Winter 2004): 695-713.
10. Alterman, Jon B. "How Terrorism Ends." Special Report No. 48, U.S. Institute of Peace, May 25, 1999.
11. Anonymous. Through Our Enemies' Eyes: Osama bin laden, Radical Islam, and the Future of America. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 2002.
12. Arreguín-Toft, Ivan. "How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict." International Security 26, no. 1 (Summer 2001): 93-128.
13. Art, Robert J., and Louise Richardson, eds. Democracy and Counterterrorism: Lessons from the Past. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 2007.
14. Aust, Stefan. The Baader-Meinhof Group: The Inside Story of a Phenomenon. London: Anthea Bell, 1987.
15. Barkey, Henri, and Graham Fuller. Turkey's Kurdish Question. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield , 1998.
16. Barrell, Howard. The ANC's Armed Struggle. London: Penguin, 1990.
17. Bazan, Elizabeth B. Assassination Ban and E.O. 12333: A Brief Summary. CRS Report for Congress, No. RS 21037, January 4, 2002.
18. Beattie, Kirk J. Egypt during the Nasser Years: Ideology, Politics, and Civil Society. Oxford: Westview Press, 1994.
19. Becker, Jillian. Hitler's Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang. London: Pickwick, 1989.
20. Beckford, James A., Daniele Joly, and Farhad Khosrokhavar, eds. Muslims in Prison: Challenge and Change in Britain and France. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
21. Begin, Menachem. The Revolt. New York: Nash, 1997.
22. Bell, J. Bowyer, The Dynamics of the Armed Struggle. London: Frank Cass, 1998.
23. Bell, J. "Revolutionary Dynamics: The Inherent Inefficiency of the Underground." Terrorism and Political Violence 2, no. 2 (Summer 1990): 193-211.
24. Bell, J. Terror Out of Zion: Irgun Zvai Leumi, Lehi, and the Palestine Underground, 1929-1949. New York: Avon, 1977.
25. Berlin, Isaiah. Russian Thinkers. London: Hogarth Press, 1978.
26. Bjørgo, Tore, ed. Terror from the Extreme Right. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
27. Bloom, Mia. Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
28. Bloom, Mia. "Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support, Market Share and Outbidding." Political Science Quarterly 119, no. 1 (Summer 2004): 61-88.
29. Bobbitt, Philip. The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History. London: Penguin, 2003.
30. Bobbitt, Philip. Terror and Consent. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
31. Bonanate, Luigi. "Some Unanticipated Consequences of Terrorism." Journal of Peace Research 16, no. 3 (1979): 197-211.
32. Bose, Sumantra. "Kashmir: Sources of Conflict, Dimensions of Peace." Survival 41, no. 3 (Autumn 1999): 149-71.
33. Bowden, Mark. "Jihadists in Paradise." The Atlantic, March 2007, 54-60.
34. Byman, Daniel. Deadly Connections: States That Sponsor Terrorism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
35. Byman, Daniel. "Do Targeted Killings Work?" Foreign Affairs 85, no. 2 (March-April 2006): 95-111.
36. Carr, Caleb. "Terrorism as Warfare: The Lessons of Military History." World Policy Journal 13, no. 4 Winter 1996-97): 1-12.
37. Cirincione, Joseph, and Kathleen Newland. Repairing the Regime: Preventing the Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction. London: Routledge, 2000.
38. Cohen, Stephen Philip. The Idea of Pakistan. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004.
39. Cordesman, Anthony H. The Israeli-Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Security International, 2005.
40. Cornell, Svante E. "Narcotics and Armed Conflict: Interaction and Implications." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 30, no. 3 (March 2007): 207-27.
41. Cox, Michael, Adrian Guelke, and Fiona Stephen, eds. A Farewell to Arms? Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2006.
42. Crenshaw, Martha. "How Terrorism Declines." Terrorism and Political Violence 3, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 69-87.
43. Crenshaw, Martha. "The Psychology of Terrorism: An Agenda for the Twenty-first Century." Political Psychology 21, no. 2 (June 2000): 405-20.
44. Crenshaw, Martha. "Terrorism and Global Security". In Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World, ed. Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 2007.
45. Crenshaw, Martha. Terrorism in Context. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.
46. Crocker, Chester A., Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall, eds. Grasping the Nettle: Analyzing Cases of Intractable Conflict. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 2005.
47. Cronin, Audrey Kurth. "Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism." International Security 27, no. 3 (Winter 2002-3): 30-58.
48. Cronin, Audrey Kurth. "Cyber-mobilization: The New Levée en Masse." Parameters 36, no. 2 (Summer 2006): 77-87.
49. Cronin, Audrey Kurth. Ending Terrorism: Lessons for Defeating al-Qaeda. Adelphi Paper No. 394. London: Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2008.
50. Cronin. The "FTO List" and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations. CRS Report for Congress, No. RL32120, October 21, 2003.
51. Cronin, Audrey Kurth, and James M. Ludes, eds. Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2004.
52. Darby, John, and Roger Mac Ginty, eds. The Management of Peace Processes. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000.
53. Davis, Paul K., and Brian Michael Jenkins. Deterrence and Influence in Counterterrorism: A Component in the War on al Qaeda. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2002.
54. Dedijer, Vladimir. The Road to Sarajevo. London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1967.
55. Della Porta, Donatella. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
56. Della Porta, Donatella, and Gian Carlo Caselli. "The History of the Red Brigades: Organisational Structures and Strategies of Action, 1970-1982." In The Red Brigades and Left-Wing Terrorism in Italy, ed. Raimondo Catanzaro. London: Pinter, 1991.
57. Demant, Peter. "Unofficial Contacts and Peacemaking: Israeli-Palestinian Dialogue, 1967-1993." In Israel in the Nineties: Development and Conflict, ed. Gregory S. Mahler and Frederick A. Lazin. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996.
58. Dershowitz, Alan. The Case for Peace: How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Can Be Resolved. Hoboken: John Wiley, 2005.
59. Dershowitz, Alan. Why Terrorism Works. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
60. Dingley, James. "The Bombing of Omagh, 15 August 1998: The Bombers, Their Tactics, Strategy and Purpose behind the Incident." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 24, no. 6 (November-December 2001): 451-65.
61. Dishman, Chris. "Terrorism, Crime, and Transformation." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 24, no. 1 (2001): 43-58.
62. Edirippulige, Sisira. Sri Lanka's Twisted Path to Peace: Domestic and International Obstacles to the Peace Process. Pilimathalawa: Resource Manage Foundation, 2004.
63. Eubank, William Lee. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1987.
64. Evangelista, Matthew. The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2002.
65. Fair, C. Christine. "Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 11, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 125-56.
66. Farrell, William R. Blood and Rage: The Story of the Japanese Red Army. Lexington, Ky.: Lexington Books, 1990.
67. Fay, Marie-Therese, Mike Morrissey, and Marie Smyth. Northern Ireland's Troubles: The Human Costs. London: Pluto Press in association with The Cost of the Troubles Study, 1999.
68. Fenzi, Enrico. Armi e bagagli: Un diario dalle Brigate Rosse. Milan: Costa & Nolan, 2006.
69. Filler, Alfredo L. "The Abu Sayyaf Group: A Growing Menace to Civil Society." Terrorism and Political Violence 14, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 131-62.
70. Footman, David. Red Prelude: A Life of A. I. Zhelyabov. 2nd ed. London: Cresset Press, 1968.
71. Fraser, T. G. The Arab-Israeli Conflict. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
72. Freedman, Lawrence. "Prevention, not Preemption." Washington Quarterly 26, no. 2 (Spring 2006): 105-14.
73. Gambetta, Diego, ed. Making Sense of Suicide Missions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
74. Ganguly, Rajat. "Sri Lanka's Ethnic Conflict: At a Crossroad between Peace and War." Third World Quarterly 25, no. 5 (2004): 903-18.
75. Ganguly, Sumit. "Will Kashmir Stop India's Rise?" Foreign Affairs 85, no. 4 (July-August 2006): 45-57.
76. Gerges, Fawaz A. "The Decline of Revolutionary Islam in Algeria and Egypt." Survival 41, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 113-25.
77. Gerges, Fawaz A. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
78. Gerges, Fawaz A. Journey of the Jihadist: Inside Muslim Militancy. New York: Harcourt, 2006.
79. Germani, L. Sergio, and D. R. Kaarthikeyan, eds. Pathways out of Terrorism and Insurgency: the Dynamics of Terrorist Violence and Peace Processes. New Dehli: New Dawn Press Group, 2005.
80. Gorriti, Gustavo. "The War of the Philosopher-King." New Republic, June 18, 1990.
81. Gorriti, Gustavo. "What Happens When the Queen Bee Falls?" IPI Report 41, no. 10 (October 1991).
82. Greer, Steven. Supergrasses: A Study in Anti-terrorist Law Enforcement in Northern Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
83. Grob-Fitzgibbon, Benjamin. "From the Dagger to the Bomb: Karl Heinzen and the Evolution of Political Terror." Terrorism and Political Violence 16, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 97-115.
84. Gross, Michael G. "Fighting by Other Means in the Mideast: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Assassination Policy." Political Studies 51 (2003): 350-68.
85. Gross, Michael G. "Killing Civilians Intentionally: Double Effect, Reprisal, and Necessity in the Middle East." Political Science Quarterly 120, no. 4 (2005-6): 555-79.
86. Guelke, Adrian. The Age of Terrorism and the International Political System. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 1995.
87. Guiora, Amos. "Targeted Killing as Active Self-Defense." Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 36, nos. 2-3 (2004): 319-35.
88. Gunter, Michael M. The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. London: Macmillan, 1997.
89. Gurr, Ted Robert. Why Men Rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.
90. Hacker, Frederick J. Crusaders, Criminals, Crazies: Terror and Terrorism in Our Time. New York: Norton, 1976.
91. Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck. "The Qur'anic Justification for an Islamic Revolution: The View of Sayyid Qutb." Middle East Journal 37, no. 1 (Winter 1983): 14-29.
92. Harmon, Christopher. Terrorism Today. London: Frank Cass, 2000.
93. Harvey, R. The Fall of Apartheid: The Inside Story from Smuts to Mbeki. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.
94. Hayes, Bernadette C., and Ian McAllister. "Public Support for Political Violence and Paramilitarism in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland." Terrorism and Political Violence 17, no. 4 (Autumn 2005): 599-617.
95. United States Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs, The Shining Path after Guzman: The Threat and the International Response. 102nd Congress, 2nd Session, September 23, 1992. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1992.
96. Hironaka, Ann. Neverending Wars: The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of Civil War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.
97. Hitchens, Christopher. Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger. London: Verso, 1977.
98. Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. London: Victor Gollancz, 1998
99. Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.
100. Holmes, Jennifer S. Terrorism and Democratic Stability. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001.
101. Hopwood, Derek. Egypt: Politics and Society, 1945-1984. London: Allen and Unwin, 1984.
102. Horchem, Hans Josef. "The Decline of the Red Army Faction." Terrorism and Political Violence 3, no. 2 (Summer 1991): 61-75.
103. Horgan, John. The Psychology of Terrorism. New York: Routledge, 2005.
104. Howard, Michael. "What's in a Name?: How to Fight Terrorism." Foreign Affairs 81, no. 1 (January-February 2002): 8-13.
105. Hughes, James. "Chechnya: The Causes of a Protracted Post-Soviet Conflict." Civil Wars 4, no. 4 (Winter 2001): 11-48.
106. Hughes, Martin. "Terror and Negotiation." Terrorism and Political Violence 2, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 72-82.
107. Idoiaga, Gorka Espiau. "The Basque Conflict: New Ideas and Prospects for Peace." Special Report No. 161, U.S. Institute of Peace, April 2006.
108. Iklé, Fred Charles. Every War Must End. 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
109. Imset, Ismet G. The PKK: A Report on Separatist Violence in Turkey (1973-1992). Istanbul: Turkish Daily News Publications, 1992.
110. IISS. "The Good Friday Agreement." IISS Strategic Comment 7, no 8 (October 2001).
111. Jackson, Brian A. "Technology Acquisition by Terrorist Groups: Threat Assessment Informed by Lessons from Private Sector Technology Adoption." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 24, no. 3 (May 2001): 183-213.
112. Jackson, Jami Melissa. "The Legality of Assassination of Independent Terrorist Leaders: An Examination of National and International Implications." North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 24 (1999): 669-97.
113. Jamieson, Alison. "Entry, Discipline and Exit in the Italian Red Brigades." Terrorism and Political Violence 2, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 1-21.
114. Jamieson, Alison. "Mafia and Institutional Power in Italy." International Relations 12, no. 1 (April 1994): 1-24.
115. Jenkins, Brian Michael. "Should Our Arsenal against Terrorism Include Assassination?" RAND Paper No. P-7303, January 1987.
116. Jenkins, Brian Michael. Unconquerable Nation: Knowing Our Enemy, Strengthening Ourselves. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2006.
117. Jenson, Richard Bach. "Daggers, Rifles and Dynamite: Anarchist Terrorism in Nineteenth Century Europe." Terrorism and Political Violence 16, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 116-53.
118. Johns, Sheridan, and R. Hunt Davis Jr. Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress: A Documentary Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
119. Jones, Ronald H. "Terrorist Beheadings: Cultural and Strategic Implications." Carlisle Paper, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, June 2005.
120. Juergensmeyer, Mark. Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000.
121. Kahneman, Daniel, and Amos Tversky. "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk." Econometrica 47, no. 2 (March 1979): 263-91.
122. Kapil, Arun. "Algeria's Elections Show Islamist Strength." Middle East Report, No. 166, September-October 1990, 31-36.
123. Kaplan, Edward H., Alex Mintz, Shaul Mishal, and Claudio Samban. "What Happened to Suicide Bombings in Israel?" Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 28, no. 3 (May-June 2005): 225-35.
124. Kapur, S. Paul. "India and Pakistan's Unstable Peace: Why Nuclear South Asia Is Not Like Cold War Europe." International Security 30, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 127-52.
125. Kassimeris, George. "Last Act in a Violent Drama? The Trial of Greece's Revolutionary Organization 17 November." Terrorism and Political Violence 18, no. 1 (Spring 2006): 137-57.
126. Katz, Daniel. Days of Fire. London: W. H. Allen, 1968.
127. Katzman, Kenneth. The PLO and Its Factions. CRS Report for Congress, No. RS21235, June 10, 2002.
128. Kedourie, Sylvia, ed. Seventy-five Years of the Turkish Republic. London: Frank Cass, 2000.
129. Kepel, Gilles. The Prophet and Pharaoh: Muslim Extremism in Egypt. London: Al Saqi Books, 1985.
130. Kilcullen, David J. "Countering Global Insurgency." Journal of Strategic Studies 28, no. 4 (August 2005): 597-617.
131. King, Charles. Ending Civil Wars. Adelphi Paper No. 308. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1997.
132. King, John. Handshake in Washington: The Beginning of Middle East Peace? Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 1994.
133. Kirisci, Kemal, and Gareth M. Winrow. The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-state Ethnic Conflict. London: Frank Cass, 1997.
134. Kramer, Martin. "Ballots and Bullets: Islamists and the Relentless Drive for Power." Harvard International Review 19, no. 2 (Spring 1997): 16-19.
135. Kramer, Martin. "Sacrifice and Fratricide in Shiite Lebanon." Terrorism and Political Violence 3, no. 3 (Autumn 1991): 30-47.
136. Kretzmer, David. "Targeted Killing of Suspected Terrorists: Extra-judicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defence?" European Journal of International Law 16, no. 2 (2005): 171-212.
137. Kronstadt, K. Alan. "Pakistan-U.S. Relations." CRS Issue Brief for Congress, No. RL33498, 6 June 2007.
138. Kronstadt, K. Alan. Terrorism in South Asia. CRS Report for Congress, No. RL 32259, December 13, 2004.
139. Krumwiede, Heinrich W., and Peter Waldmann. Civil Wars: Consequences and Possibilities of Regulation. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2000.
140. Kushner, Harvey. Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2003.
141. Kutschera, Chris. "Mad Dreams of Independence: The Kurds of Turkey and the PKK." Middle East Report, No. 189, The Kurdish Experience, July-August 1994.
142. Kydd, Andrew H. Trust and Mistrust in International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.
143. Kydd, Andrew H., and Barbara F. Walter. "Sabotaging the Peace: The Politics of Extremist Violence." International Organization 56, no. 2 (Spring 2002): 263-96.
144. Kydd, Andrew H. "The Strategies of Terrorism." International Security 31, no. 1 (Summer 2006): 49-80.
145. Lane, Charles. "Superman Meets Shining Path: Story of a CIA Success." Washington Post, December 7, 2000.
146. Lapan, Harvey E., and Todd Sandler. "To Bargain or Not to Bargain: That Is the Question." American Economic Review 78, no. 2, (May 1988): 16-21.
147. Laqueur, Walter. No End to War: Terrorism in the Twentieth Century. New York: Continuum, 2003.
148. Laqueur, Walter. "Postmodern Terrorism." Foreign Affairs 75, no. 5 (September-October 1996): 24-36.
149. Laqueur, Walter. Terrorism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977.
150. Lesser, Ian, Bruce Hoffman, John Arquilla, David Ronfeldt, Michele Zanini, and Brian Michael Jenkins. Countering the New Terrorism. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corporation, 1999.
151. Levi, Michael A., and Michael O'Hanlon. The Future of Arms Control. New York: Brookings Institution, 2005.
152. Levy, Jack S. "Domestic Politics and War." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (Spring 1988): 653-73.
153. Licklider, Roy, ed. Stopping the Killing: How Civil Wars End. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
154. Lieberfeld, Daniel. "Post-handshake Politics: Israel/Palestine and South Africa Compared." Middle East Policy 6, no. 3 (February 1999): 131-40.
155. Lieberfeld, Daniel. Talking with the Enemy: Negotiation and Threat Perception in South Africa and Israel/Palestine. Westport: Praeger, 1999.
156. Lieven, Anatol. Chechnya: Tombstone of Russian Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
157. Lifton, Robert Jay. Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism. New York: Henry Holt, 1999.
158. Lopez-Alves, Fernando. "Political Crises, Strategic Choices and Terrorism: The Rise and Fall of the Uruguayan Tupamaros." Terrorism and Political Violence 1, no. 2 (April 1989): 202-41.
159. Lupsha, Peter A. "Explanation of Political Violence: Some Psychological Theories versus Indignation." Politics and Society 2, no. 1 (Fall 1971): 89-104.
160. MacDonald, Scott B., and Jonathan Lemco. "Political Islam in Southeast Asia." Current History 100, no. 658 (November 2002): 388-92.
161. Malik, Omar. Enough of the Definition of Terrorism. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2001.
162. Malvesti, Michelle L. "Explaining the United States' Decision to Strike Back at Terrorists." Terrorism and Political Violence 13, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 85-106.
163. Marighella, Carlos. Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971.
164. Marks, Thomas A. Maoist Insurgency since Vietnam. London: Frank Cass, 1996.
165. Marks, Thomas A. "A Model Counterinsurgency: Uribe's Colombia (2002-2006) vs. FARC." Military Review 87 (March-April 2007): 41-56.
166. McCormick, Gordon. The Shining Path and the Future of Peru. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, March 1990.
167. McGartland, Martin. Fifty Dead Men Walking. London: Blake, 1997.
168. McGregor, Andrew. "Russia Threatens Hit-Squads after Murder of Its Diplomats in Iraq." Terrorism Monitor 4, no. 14 (July 13, 2006): 6-8.
169. McKinley, D. T. The ANC and the Liberation Struggle: A Critical Political Biography. London: Pluto Press, 1997.
170. McKittrick, David, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, and Chris Thornton. Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women, and Children Who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles. Edinburgh: Mainstream Press, 2001.
171. Meade, Robert C. The Red Brigades: The Story of Italian Terrorism. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.
172. Migdalovitz, Carol. Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and U.S. Policy. CRS Report for Congress, No. RL 33530, April 10, 2007.
173. Miller, Abraham H. Terrorism and Hostage Negotiations. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1980.
174. Mirbagheri, Farid. Cyprus and International Peacemaking. London: Hurst and Company, 1998.
175. Mitchell, Richard P. The Society of the Muslim Brothers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
176. Morag, Nadav. "Measuring Success in Coping with Terrorism: The Israeli Case." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 28, no. 4 (July-August 2005): 307-20.
177. Moretti, Mario. Brigate Rosse: Una storia italiana. Milan: Baldini & Castoldi, 2000.
178. Morris, Benny. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881- 2001. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.
179. Moss, Walter G. Alexander II and His Times: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky. London: Anthem Press, 2002.
180. Mueller, John. "Six Rather Unusual Propositions about Terrorism" and "Response." Terrorism and Political Violence 17, no. 4 (Autumn 2005): 487-505.
181. Myers, Kevin. "The Terrorist as Statesman." National Interest 75 (Spring 2004): 139-43.
182. Neumann, Peter. "Negotiating with Terrorists." 386, no. 1 (January- February 2007): 128-38.
183. Nichol, Jim. Chechnya Conflict: Recent Developments. CRS Report for Congress, No. RL30389, March 1, 1996.
184. Nichol, Jim. Russia's Chechnya Conflict: An Update. CRS Report for Congress, No. RL 31620, April 16, 2003.
185. Niksch, Larry. Abu Sayyaf: Target of Philippine-U.S. Antiterrorism Cooperation. CRS Report for Congress, No. RL 31265, April 8, 2003.
186. Nubin, Walter, ed. Sri Lanka: Current Issues and Historical Background. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2002.
187. O'Brien, Brendan. The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin from Armed Struggle to Peace Talks. Dublin: O'Brien Press, 1995.
188. O'Callaghan, Sean. The Informer: The Real Life Story of One Man's War against Terrorism. New York: Bantam Press, 1998.
189. O'Cleary, Conor. "Washington's Green House." Prospect, no. 2., November 1995.
190. O'Leary, Brendan. "The Conservative Stewardship of Northern Ireland, 1979- 97: Sound-Bottomed Contradictions or Slow Learning?" Political Studies 45 (1997): 671-73.
191. O'Neill, Bard E. Insurgency and Terrorism: Inside Modern Revolutionary Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1990.
192. Oliker, Olga. Russia's Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2001.
193. Ortiz, Román D. "Insurgent Strategies in the Post-Cold War: The Case of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 25, no. 2, (March-April 2002): 127-43.
194. Palmer, David Scott, ed. Shining Path of Peru. 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
195. Pape, Robert A. Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. New York: Random House, 2005.
196. Parezanin, Ratko. Mlada Bosna I prvi svetski rat (Young Bosnia and the First World War). Munich: Iskra, 1974.
197. Peres, Shimon, and Robert Littell. For the Future of Israel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
198. Pickard, Daniel B. "Legalizing Assassination? Terrorism, the Central Intelligence Agency, and International Law." Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 30, no. 1 (2001): 1-35.
199. Pillar, Paul R. Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2001.
200. Pilloni, John R. "Burning Corpses in the Streets: Russia's Doctrinal Flaws in the 1995 Fight for Grozny." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 13, no. 2 (June 2000): 39-66.
201. Pipes, Richard. Russia under the Old Regime. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 1993.
202. Pluchinsky, Dennis A. "Germany's Red Army Faction: An Obituary." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 16, no. 2 (April-June 1993): 135-57.
203. Pluchinsky, Dennis A. "Terrorism in the Former Soviet Union: A Primer, a Puzzle, a Prognosis." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 21 (1998): 119-47.
204. Post, Jerrold M., ed. Leaders and Their Followers in a Dangerous World. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2004.
205. Quandt, William. Between Ballots and Bullets: Algeria's Transition from Authoritarianism. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1998.
206. Quinlan, Michael. "How Robust Is India-Pakistan Deterrence? " Survival 42, no. 4 (Winter 2000-2001): 141-54.
207. Quinlan, Michael. "India-Pakistan Deterrence Revisited." Survival 47, no. 3 (Autumn 2005): 109-19.
208. Radu, Michael. "The Land of Many Crossroads: The Rise and Fall of the PKK." Orbis 45, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 47-64.
209. Radzinsky, Edvard. Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar. New York: Free Press, 2005.
210. Rapoport, David C. "Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions." American Political Science Review 78 (April 1984): 658-77.
211. Rapoport, David C. "The Fourth Wave: September 11 in the History of Terrorism." Current History 100, no. 650 (December 2001): 419-24.
212. Rapoport, David C, ed. Inside Terrorist Organizations. London: Frank Cass, 2001.
213. Rashid, Ahmed. Descent into Chaos: The United States and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. New York: Viking, 2008.
214. Raufer, Xavier. "The Red Brigades: Farewell to Arms." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 16, no. 4 (October-December 1993).
215. Record, Jeffrey. "Why the Strong Lose." Parameters 35 (Winter 2005-6): 16-31.
216. Reddy, L. R. Sri Lanka: Past and Present. New Delhi: APH Press, 2003.
217. Reed, Charles, and David Ryall, eds. The Price of Peace: Just War in the Twentyfirst Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
218. Reeve, Simon. One Day in September: The Story of the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, a Government Cover-up, and a Covert Revenge Mission. London: Faber, 2000.
219. Reich, Walter, ed. Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1990.
220. Richardson, Louise. What Terrorists Want. London: John Murray, 2006.
221. Ritchken, Edwin. "The Meaning of Rural Political Violence." Seminar paper, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, June 29, 1989.
222. Roberts, Adam. "The 'War on Terror' in Historical Perspective." Survival 47, no. 2(Summer 2005): 101-30.
223. Roberts, Hugh. "Algeria's Ruinous Impasse and the Honourable Way Out." International Affairs 71, no. 2 (April 1995): 247-67.
224. Robins, Philip. Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy since the Cold War. London: Hurst, 2003.
225. Rogers, Steven. "Beyond the Abu Sayyaf: The Lessons of Failure in the Philippines." Foreign Affairs 83, no.1 (January-February 2004): 14-20.
226. Rogger, Hans. Russia in the Age of Modernisation and Revolution, 1881-1917. London: Longman, 1983.
227. Ross, Dennis. The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004.
228. Ross, Jeffrey Ian, and Ted Robert Gurr. "Why Terrorism Subsides: A Comparative Study of Canada and the United States." Comparative Politics 21, no. 4 (July 1989): 405-26.
229. Rowan, Brian. Behind the Lines: The Story of the IRA and Loyalist Ceasefires. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1995.
230. Rubin, Barry. Islamic Fundamentalism in Egyptian Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1990.
231. Ryan, Stephen. "Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution." Terrorism and Political Violence 2, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 54-71.
232. Sageman, Marc. Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2004.
233. Sanderson, Thomas M. "Transnational Terror and Organized Crime: Blurring the Lines." SAIS Review 24, no. 1 (Winter-Spring 2004): 49-61.
234. Sandler, Todd, and John L. Scott. "Terrorist Success in Hostage-Taking Incidents: An Empirical Study." Journal of Conflict Resolution 31, no. 1 (March 1987): 35-53.
235. Saunders, David. Russia in the Age of Reaction and Reform, 1801-1881. London: Longman, 1992.
236. Scheuer, Michael. "Toronto, London and the Jihadi Spring: Bin Laden as a Successful Instigator." Terrorism Focus 3, no. 22 (June 6, 2006): 6-8.
237. Schofield, Victoria. Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan, and the Unending War. London: Tauris, 2003.
238. Sederberg, Peter. "Conciliation as Counter-terrorist Strategy." Journal of Peace Research 32, no. 3 (August 1995): 295-312.
239. Sedgwick, Mark. Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
240. Seth, Ronald. The Russian Terrorists: The Story of the Narodniki. London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1966.
241. Seton-Watson, Hugh. The Decline of Imperial Russia, 1855-1914. London: Methuen, 1952.
242. Shalev, Aryeh. The Intifada: Causes and Effects. Oxford: Westview Press, 1999.
243. Sheffer, Gabriel. "Ethno-National Diasporas and Security." Survival 36, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 60-79.
244. Shepard, William E. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism: A Translation and Critical Analysis of Social Justice in Islam. New York: E. J. Brill, 1996.
245. Shifter, Michael. "The United States and Colombia: Partners in Ambiguity." Current History 99, no. 634 (February 2000): 51-55.
246. Smyth, Marie. "The Process of Demilitarization and the Reversibility of the Peace Process in Northern Ireland." Terrorism and Political Violence 16, no. 3 (August 2004): 544-66.
247. Sprinzak, Ehud. "The Process of Delegitimation: Towards a Linkage Theory of Political Terrorism." Terrorism and Political Violence 3, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 50-68.
248. Sprinzak, Ehud. "Right-Wing Terrorism in a Comparative Perspective: The Case of Split Delegitimization." Terrorism and Political Violence 7, no. 1 (March 1995): 96-118.
249. Stack-O'Connor, Alisa. "Lions, Tigers, and Freedom Birds: How and Why the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Employs Women." Terrorism and Political Violence 19, no.1 (March 2007) p. 43-63.
250. Stedman, Stephen John. "Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes." International Security 22, no. 2 (Autumn, 1997): 5-53.
251. Stein, Yael. "By Any Name Illegal and Immoral: Response to Israel's Policy of Targeted Killing." Ethics and International Affairs 17, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 127-37.
252. Steinhoff, Patricia G. "Kidnapped Japanese in North Korea: The New Left Connection." Journal of Japanese Studies 30, no. 1 (Winter 2004): 123-42.
253. Stepniak-Kravchinski, Serge. Underground Russia: Revolutionary Profiles and Sketches from Life. London: Smith, Elder, 1883.
254. Stern, Peter A. Sendero Luminoso: An Annotated Bibliography of the Shining Path Guerrilla Movement, 1980-1993. N.p.: SALALM Secretariat, General Library, University of New Mexico, 1995.
255. Stone, Martin. The Agony of Algeria. London: Hurst, 1997.
256. Strachan, Hew. The First World War. London: Penguin, 2003.
257. Sullivan, Mark P. Latin America: Terrorism Issues. CRS Report for Congress, No. RS21049, September 16, 2006.
258. Tarazona-Sevillano, Gabriela, with John B. Reuter. Sendero Luminoso and the Threat of Narcoterrorism. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1990.
259. Tessler, Mark A. A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.
260. Thatcher, Margaret. The Downing Street Years. London: HarperCollins, 1995.
261. Tonge, Jonathan. "'They Haven't Gone Away, You Know': Irish Republican 'Dissidents' and 'Armed Struggle.'" Terrorism and Political Violence 16, no. 3 (Autumn 2004): 671-93.
262. Trenin, Dmitri V. "The Forgotten War: Chechnya and Russia's Future." Policy Brief No. 28, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, November 2003, 1-7.
263. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Peru. Final Report: General Conclusions. English translation by International Center for Transitional Justice, 2003, http://216.70.99.144/images/uploads/peru_trc_conclusions.pdf, accessed July 12, 2007.
264. Tucker, David. Skirmishes at the Edge of Empire: The United States and International Terrorism. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1997.
265. Tucker, David. "What Is New about the New Terrorism and How Dangerous Is It?" Political Violence and Terrorism 13, no. 3 (Summer 2001): 1-14.
266. Ulam, Adam. Russia's Failed Revolutions: From the Decembrists to the Dissidents. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981.
267. Varon, Jeremy. Bringing the War Home: The Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004.
268. Veillette, Connie. Colombia: Issues for Congress. CRS Report for Congress, No. RL32250, January 19, 2005.
269. Victor, Barbara. Army of Roses: Inside the World of Palestinian Women Suicide Bombers. Emmaus, Pa.: Radale, 2003.
270. Voll, John O. "Bin Laden and the New Age of Global Terrorism." Middle East Policy 8, no. 4 (December 2001): 1-5.
271. Walsh, John. "Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood: Understanding Centrist Islam." Harvard International Review 24, no. 4 (Winter 2003): 32-36.
272. Walter, Barbara. Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.
273. Waltzer, Michael. Arguing about War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.
274. Waterbury, John. The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.
275. Wheeler, Everett L. "Terrorism and Military Theory: An Historical Perspective." In Terrorism Research and Public Policy, ed. Clark McCauley. Abingdon: Frank Cass, 1991.
276. Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky. Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Political Change in Egypt. New York: Colombia University Press, 2002.
277. Wickramasinghe, Nira. Sri Lanka in the Modern Age: A History of Contested Identities. London: Hurst, 2006.
278. Wiktorowicz, Quintan. "Framing Jihad: Intramovement Framing Contests and al-Qaeda's Struggle for Sacred Authority." International Review of Social History 49, Supplement 12 (December 2004): 159-77.
279. Wiktorowicz, Quintan. Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
280. Wiktorowicz, Quintan. Radical Islam Rising: Muslim Extremism in the West. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005.
281. Wilkinson, Paul. "Politics, Diplomacy and Peace Processes: Pathways out of Terrorism?" Terrorism and Political Violence 11, no. 4 (Winter 1999): 66-82.
282. Wilkinson, Paul. Terrorism and the Liberal State. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1986.
283. Wilkinson, Paul. Terrorism versus Democracy: The Liberal State Response. London: Frank Cass, 2001.
284. Williams, Phil. "Transnational Criminal Organizations and International Security." Survival 36, no. 1 (1994): 96-113.
285. Williamson, Samuel R. Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1991.
286. Willis, Michael. The Islamist Challenge in Algeria. London: Ithaca Press, 1996.
287. Worden, N. A Concise Dictionary of South African History. Cape Town: Francolin, 1998.
288. Wright, Lawrence. The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Knopf, 2006.
289. Yarmolisky, Avrahm. Road to Revolution: A Century of Russian Radicalism. New York: Macmillan, 1959.
290. Zadka, Saul. Blood in Zion: How the Jewish Guerrillas Drove the British out of Palestine. London: Brassey's, 1995.
291. Zartman, I. William. Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Intervention in Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
292. Zartman, I, ed. Elusive Peace: Negotiating an End to Civil Wars. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1995.
293. Zartman, I, ed. The 50 Percent Solution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.
294. Zirakzadeh, Cyrus Ernesto. "From Revolutionary Dreams to Organizational Fragmentation: Disputes over Violence within ETA and Sendero Luminoso." Terrorism and Political Violence 14, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 66-92.
295. Zussman, Asaf, and Noam Zussman. "Assassinations: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Counterterrorism Policy Using Stock Market Data." Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 2 (Spring 2006): 193-206.