Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among child survivors 1 year following the Wenchuan earthquake in China

European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Volumn 22, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 567-575

  Ying, Liu Hua ^a   Wu, Xin Chun ^a   Lin, Chong De ^a   Chen, Chuansheng ^b  

^a BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Child; Depression; Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms; Risk factors; Wenchuan earthquake

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; CENTER FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES DEPRESSION SCALE FOR CHILDREN; CHILD; CHILD PTSD SYMPTOM SCALE; CHINA; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARTHQUAKE; EARTHQUAKE EXPERIENCE SCALE; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; RATING SCALE; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; SURVIVOR;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; CHILD; CHINA; DEPRESSION; DISASTERS; EARTHQUAKES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SURVIVORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84883487404     PISSN: 10188827     EISSN: 1435165X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0400-3     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Chinese Information Office of the State Council (2008) The Ministry of Civil Affairs confirmed the toll of death missing and injury caused by Wenchuan earthquake. IOP publishing physics web. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-09-25/ 183514499939s.shtml. Accessed 18 Sept 2008
2. Goenjian AK, Pynoos RS, Steinberg AM, Najarian LM, Asarnow JR, Karayan I (1995) Psychiatric comorbidity in children after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:1174-1184
3. Hsu CC, Chong MY, Yang P, Yen CF (2002) Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:875-881
4. Liu M, Wang L, Shi Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Shen J (2011) Mental health problems among children one-year after Sichuan earthquake in China: a follow-up study. PLoS One 2:e14706. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014706
5. Roussos A, Goenjian AK, Steinberg AM, Sotiropoulou C, Kakaki M, Kabakos C, Karagianni S, Manouras V (2005) Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among children and adolescents after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia, Greece. Am J Psychiatry 162:530-537
6. Şahin NH, BatIgün AD, YIlmaz B (2007) Psychological symptoms of Turkish children and adolescents after the 1999 earthquake: exposure, gender, location, and time duration. J Trauma Stress 20:335-345
7. Giannopoulou I, Strouthos M, Smith P, Dikaiakou A, Galanopoulou V, Yule W (2006) Post-traumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens 1999 earthquake. Eur Psychiatry 21:160-166
8. Fan F, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Mo L, Liu X (2011) Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. J Trauma Stress 1:44-53
9. Qu Z, Tian D, Zhang Q, Wang X, He H, Zhang X, Huang L, Xu F (2012) The impact of the catastrophic earthquake in China's Sichuan province on the mental health of pregnant women. J Affect Disord 1-2:117-123
10. Zang WW (2010) The comparative study of posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder of adolescents survived in Wenchuan earthquake dissertation. Beijing Normal University, Beijing
11. Wang W, Wei F, Wu J, Ma X, Sun X, Huang Y, Hashimoto K, Gao C (2012) Prevalence of PTSD and depression among junior middle school students in a rural town far from the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in China. PLoS One 7(7):e41665. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041665
12. Zheng Y, Fan F, Liu X, Mo L (2012) Life events, coping, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among chinese adolescents exposed to 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. China. PLoS One 7(1):e29404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029404
13. Salcioglu E, Basoglu M (2008) Psychological effects of earthquakes in children: prospects for brief behavioral treatment. World J Pediatrics 4:165-172
14. Furr JM, Comer JS, Edmunds JM, Kendall PC (2010) Disasters and youth: a meta-analytic examination of posttraumatic stress. J Consult Clin Psychol 6:765-780
15. Margolin G, Ramos MC, Guran EL (2010) Earthquakes and children: the role of psychologists with families and communities. Prof Psychol Res Pr 1:1-9
16. Trickey D, Siddaway AP, Meiser-Stedman R, Serpell L (2012) A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Clin Psychol Rev 32(2):122-138
17. Giaconia RM, Reinherz HZ, Silverman AB, Pakiz B, Cohen E (1995) Traumas and posttraumatic stress disorder in a community population of older adolescents. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:1369-1380
18. Lengua LJ, Long AC, Smith KI, Meltzoff AN (2005) Pre-attack symptomatology and temperament as predictors of children's responses to the September 11 terrorist attacks. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:631-645
19. Zhang Z, Ran MS, Li YH, Ou GJ, Gong RR, Li RH, Fan M, Jiang Z, Fang DZ (2012) Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychol Med 42:1687-1693. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711002844
20. Catani C, Jacob N, Schauer E, Kohila M, Neuner F (2008) Family violence, war, and natural disasters: a study of the effect of extreme stress on children's mental health in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry 8:1-10
21. Bal A, Jensen B (2007) Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in Turkish child and adolescent trauma survivors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 16:449-457
22. Shannon MP, Lonigan CJ, Finch AJ, Taylor CM (1994) Children exposed to disaster: i epidemiology of post-traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:80-93
23. Thienkura W, Cardozo BL, Chakkraband MLS et al (2006) Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among children in Tsunami-affected areas in southern Thailand. JAMA 296:549-559
24. Irish L, Ostrowski SA, Fallon W, Spoonster E, van Dulmen M, Sledjesi EM, Delahanty DL (2008) Trauma history characteristics and subsequent PTSD symptoms in motor vehicle accident victims. J Trauma Stress 4:377-384
25. Ozer EJ, Best SR, Lipsey TL, Weiss DS (2003) Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 129:52-73
26. van der Kolk BA, Greenberg MS (1987) The psychobiology of the trauma exposure: hyperarousal, constriction and addiction to traumatic response. In: van der Kolk BA (ed) Psychological trauma. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, pp 63-67
27. Yehuda R, McFarlane AC, Shalev AY (1998) Predicting the development of posttraumatic stress disorder from the acute response to a traumatic event. Biol Psychiatry 44:1305-1313
28. Groome D, Soureti A (2004) Post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety symptoms in children exposed to the 1999 Greek earthquake. Br J Psychol 95:387-397
29. McDermott BM, Lee EM, Judd M, Gibbon P (2005) Posttraumatic stress disorder and general psychopathology in children and adolescents following a wildfire disaster. Can J Psychiatry 50:137-143
30. Cao H, Mcfarlane AC, Klimidis S (2003) Prevalence of psychiatric disorder following the 1988 Yun Nan (China) earthquake: the first 5-month period. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 38:204-212
31. Ma X, Liu X, Hu X, Qiu C, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li T (2011) Risk indicators for post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents exposed to the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychiatry Res 189:385-391
32. Silverman WK, La Greca AM (2002) Children experiencing disasters: Definitions reactions and predictors of outcomes. In: La Greca AM, Silverman WK, Vernberg EM, Roberts MC (eds) Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism. American Psychological Association, Washington, pp 11-33
33. ŞalcIoǧlu E, Başoǧlu M, Livanou M (2007) The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors 3 years after the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. Disasters 31:115-129
34. ŞalcIoǧlu E, Başoǧlu M, Livanou M (2008) Psychosocial determinants of relocation in survivors of the 1999 earthquake in Turkey. J Nerv Ment Dis 196:55-61
35. KIlIç C, Aydn I, Taş kIntuna N, Özçü rümez G, Kurt G, Eren E, Lale T, Özel S, Zileli L (2006) Predictors of psychological distress in survivors of the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey: effects of relocation after the disaster. Acta Psychiatr Scand 114:194-202
36. Foe EB, Johnson KM, Feeny NC et al (2001) The child PTSD symptom scale: a preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. J Clin Child Psychol 30:376-384
37. Weissman MM, Orvaschel H, Padian N (1980) Children's symptom and social functioning self-report scales: comparison of mothers' and children's reports. J Nerv Ment Dis 168:736-740
38. Fendrich M, Weissman MM, Warner V (1990) Screening for depressive disorder in children and adolescents: validating the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Am J Epidemiol 131:538-551
39. Zhang C (2009) An investigation on students' mental health in earthquake-striken areas of Sichuan province. Chin J Spec Edu 9:93-96
40. Zang W, Zhang Y, Wu X (2009) PTSD status of the relocating students and its relationship with social support after Wenchuan earthquake. J South China Normal Univ (Soci Sci Edition) 4:59-63
41. Barkmann C, Erhart M, Schulte-Markwort M (2008) The German version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children: psychometric evaluation in a population-based survey of 7-17 years old children and adolescents - results of the BELLA study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:116-124
42. Li HCW, Chung OKJ, Ho KY (2010) Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale for children: psychometric testing of the Chinese version. J Adv Nurs 66:2582-2591
43. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (text revision), 4th edn. APA, Washington
44. Cohen J, Cohen P (1983) Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Erlbaum, Hillsdale
45. Schubert T, Jacoby J (2004) SiSSy 1.11 [Computer software]. IOP publishing physics web. http://johannjacoby.de/stattools/SiSSy1.11.html
46. Zhang Y, Ho SM (2011) Risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors after the 512 Wenchuan earthquake in China. PLoS One 6(7):e22371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022371
47. Olff M, Langeland W, Draijer N et al (2007) Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Bull 133:183-204
48. Saxe G, Wolfe J (1999) Gender and posttraumatic stress disorder. In: Saigh PA, Bremner JD (eds) Posttraumatic stress disorder: a comprehensive text. Allyn & Bacon Needham Heights, MA, pp 160-179
49. Pfefferbaum B (1997) Posttraumatic stress disorder in children: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:1503-1511
50. Pynoos RS (1994) Traumatic stress and developmental psychopathology in children and adolescents. In: Pynoos RS (ed) Posttraumatic stress disorder: a clinical review. The Sidran Press, Lutherville, pp 64-98
51. Ehlers A, Clark DM (2000) A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther 38:319-345
52. Hampel P, Petermann F (2005) Age and gender effects on coping in children and adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 34:73-83
53. Bremner JD, Vermetten E (2001) Stress and development: behavioral and biological consequences. Dev Psychopathol 13:473-489
54. DeBellis MD, Baum AA, Birmaher B et al (1999) Developmental traumatology part I: biological stress systems. Biol Psychiatry 45:1259-1270
55. DeBellis MD, Keshaven MS, Clark DB et al (1999) Developmental traumatology part II: brain development. Biol Psychiatry 45:1271-1284
56. Bremner JD, Southwick SM, Johnson DR, Yehuda R, Charney DS (1993) Childhood physical abuse and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. Am J Psych 150:235-239
57. Najarian LM, Goenjian AK, Pelcovitz D, Mandel F, Najarian B (1996) Relocation after a disaster: posttraumatic stress disorder in Armenia after the earthquake. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:374-383
58. Kutz I, Dekel R (2006) Follow-up victims of one terrorist attack in Israel: ASD, PTSD and the perceived threat of missile attacks. Pers Individ Dif 40:1579-1589
59. Park CL, Aldwin CM, Fenster JR, Snyder LB (2008) Pathways to posttraumatic growth versus posttraumatic stress: coping and emotional reactions following the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks. Am J Orthopsych 78:300-312
60. Turner SW, Bowie C, Dunn G, Shapo L, Yule W (2003) Mental health of Kosovan Albanian refugees in the UK. Br J Psychiatry 182:444-448
61. Blatt SJ, Hart B, Quinlan DM, Leadbeater B, Auerbach J (1993) Interpersonal and self-critical dysphoria and behavioral problems in adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 3:253-269
62. Myers K, Winters NC (2002) Ten-year review of rating scales. II: scales for internalizing disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 6:634-659
63. Mash EJ, Russell B (2007) Assessment of childhood disorders, 4th edn. The Guilford Press, New York
64. Başoǧlu M, ŞalcIoǧlu E, Livanou M (2002) Traumatic stress responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey. J Trauma Stress 15:269-276
65. Başoǧlu M, KIlIç C, ŞalcIoǧlu E, Livanou M (2004) Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: an epidemiological study. J Trauma Stress 17:133-141