Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study

Journal of Traumatic Stress

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 133-141

  Başoǧlu, Metin ^a   Kiliç, Cengiz ^a   Şalcioǧlu, Ebru ^a   Livanou, Maria ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Depression; Earthquake; Epidemiology; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Turkey

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DEPRESSION; EARTHQUAKE; FEMALE; HOME; HUMAN; INJURY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; RESCUE PERSONNEL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SURVIVAL; TURKEY (REPUBLIC);

ADULT; CAUSALITY; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NATURAL DISASTERS; PREVALENCE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TURKEY;

EID: 3442875866     PISSN: 08949867     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:JOTS.0000022619.31615.e8     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Armenian, H. K., Morikawa, M., Melkonian, A. K., Hovanesian, A. P., Haroutunian, N., Saigh, P. A., et al. (2000). Loss as a determinant of PTSD in a cohort of adult survivors of the 1988 earthquake in Armenia: Implications for policy. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 192, 58-64.
2. Başoǧlu, M., Livanou, M., & Şalcioǧlu, E. (2003). A single session with an earthquake simulator for traumatic stress in earthquake survivors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 788-790.
3. Başoǧlu, M., Livanou, M., Şalcioǧlu, E., & Kalender, D. (2003). A brief behavioural treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in earthquake survivors: Results from an open clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 33, 647-654.
4. Başioǧlu, M., & Mineka, S. (1992). The role of uncontrollable and unpredictable stress in posttraumatic stress responses in torture survivors. In M. Başoǧlu (Ed.), Torture and its consequences: Current treatment approaches (pp. 182-225). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
5. Başoǧlu, M., Mineka, S., Aker, T., Livanou, M., & Gök, Ş. (1997). Psychological preparedness for trauma as a protective factor in survivors of torture. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1421-1433.
6. Başoǧlu, M., Şalcioǧlu, E., & Livanou, M. (2002). Traumatic stress responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 269-276.
7. Başoǧlu, M., Şalcioǧlu, E., Livanou, M., Özeren, M., Aker, T, Kiliç, C., et al. (2001). A study of the validity of a screening instrument for traumatic stress in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 491-509.
8. Bergiannaki, J. D., Psarros, C., Varsou, E., Paparrigopoulos, T., & Soldatos, C. R. (2003). Protracted acute stress reaction following an earthquake. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107, 18-24.
9. Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Klauminzer, G., Charney, D. S., et al. (1990). A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: The CAPS-1. Behavior Therapist, 13, 187-188.
10. Bland, S. H., O'Leary, E., Farinaro, E., Jossa, F., Krogh, V., Violanti, J. M., et al. (1997). Social network disturbances and psychological distress following earthquake evacuation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 188-194.
11. Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Webster, R. A., Hazell, P. L., Kenardy, J. A., & Carter, G. L. (1995). Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: I. Community disaster experiences and psychological morbidity 6 months postdisaster. Psychological Medicine, 25, 539-555.
12. Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Webster, R. A., Kenardy, J. A., Hazell, P. L., & Carter, G. L. (1997). Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: II. Exposure and morbidity profiles during the first 2 years postdisaster. Psychological Medicine, 27, 167-178.
13. De La Fuente, R. (1990). The mental health consequences of the 1985 earthquakes in Mexico. International Journal of Mental Health, 19, 21-29.
14. Durkin, M. E. (1993). Major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder following the Coalinga and Chile earthquakes: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 405-420.
15. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1996). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders - Non-patient ed. (SCID-I/NP, Version 2). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Department.
16. Freedy, J. R., Saladin, M. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., & Saunders, B. E. (1994). Understanding acute psychological distress following natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7, 257-273.
17. Goenjian, A. K., Najarian, L. M., Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg A. M., Manoukian, G., Tavosian, A., et al. (1994). Posttraumatic stress disorder in elderly and younger adults after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 895-901.
18. Goenjian, A. K., Steinberg, A. M., Najarian, L. M., Fairbanks, L. A., Tashjian, M., & Pynoos, R. S. (2000). Prospective study of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive reactions after earthquake and political violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 911-916.
19. Government Crisis Center (1999a, October). Press release. Retrieved February 11, 2001, from http://www. Basbakanlik.gov.tr/ krizyonetimmerkezi/ 19ekimbasinbil dirisi.htm
20. Government Crisis Center (1999b, December). Press release. Retrieved February 11, 2001, from http://www.Basbakanlik.gov.tr/krizyonetimmerkezi/ 22aralikbasin bildirisi.htm
21. Karanci, A. N., & Rüstemli, A. (1995). Psychological consequences of the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake. Disasters, 19, 8-18.
22. Livanou, M., Başoǧlu, M., Şalcioǧlu, E., & Kalender, D. (2002). Traumatic stress responses in treatment-seeking earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 816-823.
23. McMillen, J. C., North, C. S., & Smith, E. M. (2000). What parts of PTSD are normal: Intrusion, avoidance or arousal? Data from the Northridge, California, Earthquake. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 57-75.
24. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115-121.
25. Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. I., & Watson, P. J. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry, 63, 240-260.
26. Şalcioǧlu, E., Başoǧlu, M., & Livanou, M. (2003). Long-term psychological outcome in non-treatment-seeking earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 154-160.
27. Sharan, P., Chaudhary, G., Kavathekar, S. A., & Saxena, S. (1996). Preliminary report of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severe earthquake. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 556-558.
28. Wang, X., Gao, L., Shinfuku, N., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., & Shen, Y. (2000). Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in North China. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1260-1266.