메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue , 2013, Pages 83-105

Deterrence: A review of the evidence by a criminologist for economists

Author keywords

capital punishment; imprisonment; police; sanction risk perceptions

Indexed keywords


EID: 84882650202     PISSN: 19411383     EISSN: 19411391     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-072412-131310     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (280)

References (102)
  • 2
    • 79961155015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a Bayesian learning theory of deterrence among serious juvenile offenders
    • Anwar S, Loughran TA. 2011. Testing a Bayesian learning theory of deterrence among serious juvenile offenders. Criminology 49:667-98
    • (2011) Criminology , vol.49 , pp. 667-698
    • Anwar, S.1    Loughran, T.A.2
  • 3
    • 84873747513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanctions, perceptions and crime: Implications for criminal deterrence
    • In press
    • Apel R. 2013. Sanctions, perceptions and crime: implications for criminal deterrence. J. Quant. Criminol. 28: In press
    • (2013) J. Quant. Criminol , pp. 28
    • Apel, R.1
  • 4
    • 84882720371 scopus 로고
    • Deterrent effects of criminal sanctions: progress report of the Assembly Committee on Criminal Procedure. Rep. Assembly State Calif
    • Assem. Comm. Crim. Proced. 1968. Deterrent effects of criminal sanctions: progress report of the Assembly Committee on Criminal Procedure. Rep., Assembly State Calif.
    • (1968) Assem. Comm. Crim. Proced
  • 5
    • 0000787258 scopus 로고
    • Crime and punishment: An economic approach
    • Becker GS. 1968. Crime and punishment: an economic approach. J. Polit. Econ. 79:169-217
    • (1968) J. Polit. Econ , vol.79 , pp. 169-217
    • Becker, G.S.1
  • 6
    • 0001509057 scopus 로고
    • On the optimal use of incarceration
    • Blumstein A, Nagin DS. 1978. On the optimal use of incarceration. Oper. Res. 26:381-405
    • (1978) Oper. Res , vol.26 , pp. 381-405
    • Blumstein, A.1    Nagin, D.S.2
  • 9
    • 67749086446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics Washington DC: Off. Justice Programs
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2006. Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties, 2006. Washington, DC: Off. Justice Programs
    • (2006) Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties, 2006
  • 10
    • 0347108814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the offending frequency (l) of imprisoned and free offenders
    • Canela-Cacho JA, Blumstein A, Cohen J. 1997. Relationship between the offending frequency (l) of imprisoned and free offenders. Criminology 35:133-76
    • (1997) Criminology , vol.35 , pp. 133-176
    • Canela-Cacho, J.A.1    Blumstein, A.2    Cohen, J.3
  • 11
    • 84873747481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do panel studies tell us about a deterrent effect of capital punishment? A critique of the literature
    • In press
    • Chalfin A, Haviland AM, Raphael S. 2013. What do panel studies tell us about a deterrent effect of capital punishment? A critique of the literature. J. Quant. Criminol. In press
    • (2013) J. Quant. Criminol
    • Chalfin, A.1    Haviland, A.M.2    Raphael, S.3
  • 12
    • 0002084512 scopus 로고
    • Situational crime prevention
    • Clarke RV. 1995. Situational crime prevention. Crime Justice 91:91-150
    • (1995) Crime Justice , vol.91 , pp. 91-150
    • Clarke, R.V.1
  • 13
    • 0000204509 scopus 로고
    • Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach
    • Cohen LE, Felson M. 1979. Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activity approach. Am. Sociol. Rev. 44:588-608
    • (1979) Am. Sociol. Rev , vol.44 , pp. 588-608
    • Cohen, L.E.1    Felson, M.2
  • 14
    • 0007251231 scopus 로고
    • The clearance rate as a measure of criminal justice system effectiveness
    • Cook PJ. 1979. The clearance rate as a measure of criminal justice system effectiveness. J. Public Econ. 11:135-42
    • (1979) J. Public Econ , vol.11 , pp. 135-142
    • Cook, P.J.1
  • 15
    • 77950835730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential savings from abolition of the death penalty in North Carolina
    • Cook PJ. 2009. Potential savings from abolition of the death penalty in North Carolina. Am. Law Econ. Rev. 11:498-529
    • (2009) Am. Law Econ. Rev , vol.11 , pp. 498-529
    • Cook, P.J.1
  • 16
    • 84882603509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of drug market pulling levers policing on neighborhood violence: An evaluation of the High Point drug market intervention
    • Cook PJ. 2012. The impact of drug market pulling levers policing on neighborhood violence: an evaluation of the High Point drug market intervention. Criminol. Public Policy 11:161-64
    • (2012) Criminol. Public Policy , vol.11 , pp. 161-164
    • Cook, P.J.1
  • 17
    • 33745780322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aiming for evidence-based gun policy
    • Cook PJ, Ludwig J. 2006. Aiming for evidence-based gun policy. J. Policy Anal. Manag. 48:691-735
    • (2006) J. Policy Anal. Manag , vol.48 , pp. 691-735
    • Cook, P.J.1    Ludwig, J.2
  • 18
    • 84883352820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of drug market pulling levers policing on neighborhood violence: An evaluation of the High Point drug market intervention
    • Corsaro N, Hunt ED, Hipple NK, McGarrell EF. 2012. The impact of drug market pulling levers policing on neighborhood violence: an evaluation of the High Point drug market intervention. Criminol. Public Policy 11:167-99
    • (2012) Criminol. Public Policy , vol.11 , pp. 167-199
    • Corsaro, N.1    Hunt, E.D.2    Hipple, N.K.3    McGarrell, E.F.4
  • 20
    • 2442648942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do police reduce crime? Estimates using the allocation of police forces after a terrorist attack
    • Di Tella R, Schargrodsky E. 2004. Do police reduce crime? Estimates using the allocation of police forces after a terrorist attack. Am. Econ. Rev. 94:115-33
    • (2004) Am. Econ. Rev , vol.94 , pp. 115-133
    • Di Tella, R.1    Schargrodsky, E.2
  • 21
    • 32844458633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uses and abuses of empirical evidence in the death penalty debate
    • Donohue JJ, Wolfers J. 2005. Uses and abuses of empirical evidence in the death penalty debate. Stanford Law Rev. 58:791-846
    • (2005) Stanford Law Rev , vol.58 , pp. 791-846
    • Donohue, J.J.1    Wolfers, J.2
  • 22
    • 77950804470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the impact of the death penalty on murder
    • Donohue JJ, Wolfers J. 2009. Estimating the impact of the death penalty on murder. Am. Law Econ. Rev. 11:249-309
    • (2009) Am. Law Econ. Rev , vol.11 , pp. 249-309
    • Donohue, J.J.1    Wolfers, J.2
  • 23
    • 84860421562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panic on the streets of London: Police, crime and the July 2005 terror attacks
    • Draca M, Machin S, Witt R. 2011. Panic on the streets of London: police, crime and the July 2005 terror attacks. Am. Econ. Rev. 101:2157-81
    • (2011) Am. Econ. Rev , vol.101 , pp. 2157-2181
    • Draca, M.1    MacHin, S.2    Witt, R.3
  • 24
    • 65949103852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deterrent effects of prison: Evidence from a natural experiment
    • Drago F, Galbiati R, Vertova P. 2009. The deterrent effects of prison: evidence from a natural experiment. J. Polit. Econ. 117:257-80
    • (2009) J. Polit. Econ , vol.117 , pp. 257-280
    • Drago, F.1    Galbiati, R.2    Vertova, P.3
  • 25
    • 84873748042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pitfalls in the use of time series methods to study deterrence and capital punishment
    • In press
    • Durlauf SN, Charles K. 2013. Pitfalls in the use of time series methods to study deterrence and capital punishment. J. Quant. Criminol. In press
    • (2013) J. Quant. Criminol
    • Durlauf, S.N.1    Charles, K.2
  • 26
    • 84873746798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capital punishment and deterrence: Understanding disparate results
    • In press
    • Durlauf S, Fu C, Navarro S. 2013. Capital punishment and deterrence: understanding disparate results. J. Quant. Criminol. In press
    • (2013) J. Quant. Criminol
    • Durlauf, S.1    Fu, C.2    Navarro, S.3
  • 27
  • 28
    • 84880954383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deterrent effect of imprisonment
    • ed. PJ Cook, J Ludwig, J McCrary Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    • Durlauf SN, Nagin DS. 2011b. The deterrent effect of imprisonment. In Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs, ed. PJ Cook, J Ludwig, J McCrary, pp. 43-94. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    • (2011) Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs , pp. 43-94
    • Durlauf, S.N.1    Nagin, D.S.2
  • 30
    • 0001100336 scopus 로고
    • The deterrent effect of capital punishment: A question of life and death
    • Ehrlich I. 1975. The deterrent effect of capital punishment: a question of life and death. Am. Econ. Rev. 65:397-417
    • (1975) Am. Econ. Rev , vol.65 , pp. 397-417
    • Ehrlich, I.1
  • 33
    • 85044987823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime policy and informal social control
    • Ferrier M, Ludwig J. 2011. Crime policy and informal social control. Criminol. Public Policy 10:1029-36
    • (2011) Criminol. Public Policy , vol.10 , pp. 1029-1036
    • Ferrier, M.1    Ludwig, J.2
  • 34
    • 0003215302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do so many young American men commit crimes and what might we do about it?
    • Freeman RB. 1996. Why do so many young American men commit crimes and what might we do about it? J. Econ. Perspect. 10:25-42
    • (1996) J. Econ. Perspect , vol.10 , pp. 25-42
    • Freeman, R.B.1
  • 37
    • 77954636188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the effects of anti-profiling policies
    • Heaton P. 2010. Understanding the effects of anti-profiling policies. J. Law Econ. 53:29-64
    • (2010) J. Law Econ , vol.53 , pp. 29-64
    • Heaton, P.1
  • 38
    • 34247237667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does three strikes deter? A nonparametric estimation
    • Helland E, Tabarrok A. 2007. Does three strikes deter? A nonparametric estimation. J. Hum. Resour. 42:309-30
    • (2007) J. Hum. Resour , vol.42 , pp. 309-330
    • Helland, E.1    Tabarrok, A.2
  • 39
    • 69749109883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime and expected punishment: Changes in perceptions at the age of criminal majority
    • Hjalmarsson R. 2009. Crime and expected punishment: changes in perceptions at the age of criminal majority. Am. Law Econ. Rev. 7:209-48
    • (2009) Am. Law Econ. Rev , vol.7 , pp. 209-248
    • Hjalmarsson, R.1
  • 40
    • 84870157983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much crime reduction does the marginal prisoner buy?
    • In press
    • Johnson R, Raphael S. 2013. How much crime reduction does the marginal prisoner buy? J. Law Econ. In press
    • (2013) J. Law Econ
    • Johnson, R.1    Raphael, S.2
  • 41
    • 78049311266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the relationship between childhood impulsiveness and later violence
    • ed. M McMurran, RC Howard New York: Wiley
    • Jolliffe D, Farrington DP. 2009. A systematic review of the relationship between childhood impulsiveness and later violence. In Personality, Personality Disorder, and Violence, ed. M McMurran, RC Howard, pp. 41-61. New York: Wiley
    • (2009) Personality, Personality Disorder, and Violence , pp. 41-61
    • Jolliffe, D.1    Farrington, D.P.2
  • 46
    • 0024447728 scopus 로고
    • The deterrent effect of perceived certainty and severity of punishment revisited
    • Klepper S, Nagin D. 1989. The deterrent effect of perceived certainty and severity of punishment revisited. Criminology 27:721-46
    • (1989) Criminology , vol.27 , pp. 721-746
    • Klepper, S.1    Nagin, D.2
  • 47
    • 20744449946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using terror alert levels to estimate the effect of police on crime
    • Klick J, Tabarrok A. 2005. Using terror alert levels to estimate the effect of police on crime. J. Law Econ. 46:267-79
    • (2005) J. Law Econ , vol.46 , pp. 267-279
    • Klick, J.1    Tabarrok, A.2
  • 48
    • 0038428687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recidivism of prisoners released in 1994
    • US Dep. Justice, Washington, DC
    • Langan PA, Levin DJ. 2002. Recidivism of prisoners released in 1994. Spec. Rep., Bur. Justice Stat., US Dep. Justice, Washington, DC
    • (2002) Spec. Rep., Bur. Justice Stat
    • Langan, P.A.1    Levin, D.J.2
  • 50
    • 0000344710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using electoral cycles in police hiring to estimate the effect of police on crime
    • Levitt SD. 1997. Using electoral cycles in police hiring to estimate the effect of police on crime. Am. Econ. Rev. 87:270-90
    • (1997) Am. Econ. Rev , vol.87 , pp. 270-290
    • Levitt, S.D.1
  • 51
    • 0032416958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile crime and punishment
    • Levitt SD. 1998. Juvenile crime and punishment. J. Polit. Econ. 106:1156-85
    • (1998) J. Polit. Econ , vol.106 , pp. 1156-1185
    • Levitt, S.D.1
  • 52
    • 35448946463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual perceptions of the criminal justice system
    • Lochner L. 2007. Individual perceptions of the criminal justice system. Am. Econ. Rev. 97:444-60
    • (2007) Am. Econ. Rev , vol.97 , pp. 444-460
    • Lochner, L.1
  • 54
    • 68149131242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do citizens know whether their state has decriminalized marijuana? Assessing the perceptual component of deterrence theory
    • MacCoun R, Pacula RL, Chriqui JF, Harris KM, Reuter PH. 2009. Do citizens know whether their state has decriminalized marijuana? Assessing the perceptual component of deterrence theory. Rev. Law Econ. 5:347-71
    • (2009) Rev. Law Econ , vol.5 , pp. 347-371
    • MacCoun, R.1    Pacula, R.L.2    Chriqui, J.F.3    Harris, K.M.4    Reuter, P.H.5
  • 55
    • 4444333170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring expectations
    • Manski CF. 2004. Measuring expectations. Econometrica 72:1329-76
    • (2004) Econometrica , vol.72 , pp. 1329-1376
    • Manski, C.F.1
  • 56
    • 84873745705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deterrence and the death penalty: Partial identification analysis using repeated cross sections
    • In press
    • Manski C, Pepper J. 2013. Deterrence and the death penalty: partial identification analysis using repeated cross sections. J. Quant. Criminol. In press
    • (2013) J. Quant. Criminol
    • Manski, C.1    Pepper, J.2
  • 57
    • 33845680628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deterring delinquents: A rational choice model of theft and violence
    • Matsueda RL, Kreager DA, Huizinga D. 2006. Deterring delinquents: a rational choice model of theft and violence. Am. Sociol. Rev. 71:95-122
    • (2006) Am. Sociol. Rev , vol.71 , pp. 95-122
    • Matsueda, R.L.1    Kreager, D.A.2    Huizinga, D.3
  • 58
    • 79960848516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highlights from Pathways to Desistance: A longitudinal study of serious adolescent offenders
    • US Dep. Justice, Washington DC
    • Mulvey EP. 2011. Highlights from Pathways to Desistance: a longitudinal study of serious adolescent offenders. Juv. Justice Fact Sheet, US Dep. Justice, Washington, DC
    • (2011) Juv. Justice Fact Sheet
    • Mulvey, E.P.1
  • 59
    • 0002294309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first century
    • ed. M Tonry Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    • Nagin DS. 1998. Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first century. In Crime and Justice:An Annual Review of Research, Vol. 23, ed. M Tonry, pp. 1-42. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    • (1998) Crime and Justice:An Annual Review of Research , vol.23 , pp. 1-42
    • Nagin, D.S.1
  • 62
    • 85050412654 scopus 로고
    • Enduring individual differences and rational choice theories of crime
    • Nagin DS, Paternoster R. 1993. Enduring individual differences and rational choice theories of crime.Law Soc. Rev. 27:467-99
    • (1993) Law Soc. Rev , vol.27 , pp. 467-499
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Paternoster, R.2
  • 64
    • 33847470933 scopus 로고
    • The effects of criminality and conviction on the labor market status of young British offenders
    • Nagin DS, Waldfogel J. 1995. The effects of criminality and conviction on the labor market status of young British offenders. Int. Rev. Law Econ. 15:109-26
    • (1995) Int. Rev. Law Econ , vol.15 , pp. 109-126
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Waldfogel, J.2
  • 65
    • 0010628446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of conviction on income through the life cycle
    • Nagin DS, Waldfogel J. 1998. The effect of conviction on income through the life cycle. Int. Rev. Law Econ. 18:25-40
    • (1998) Int. Rev. Law Econ , vol.18 , pp. 25-40
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Waldfogel, J.2
  • 68
    • 85014251406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council ed. DS Nagin, JV Pepper. Washington DC: National Acad
    • National Research Council. 2012. Deterrence and the Death Penalty, ed. DS Nagin, JV Pepper. Washington, DC: National Acad.
    • (2012) Deterrence and the Death Penalty
  • 69
    • 73349095345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between first imprisonment and criminal career development: A matched samples comparison
    • Nieuwbeerta P, Nagin DS, Blokland A. 2009. The relationship between first imprisonment and criminal career development: a matched samples comparison. J. Quant. Criminol. 25:227-57
    • (2009) J. Quant. Criminol , vol.25 , pp. 227-257
    • Nieuwbeerta, P.1    Nagin, D.S.2    Blokland, A.3
  • 70
    • 73349111635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More times, less crime? Estimating the incapacitative effects of sentence enhancements
    • Owens EG. 2009. More times, less crime? Estimating the incapacitative effects of sentence enhancements. J. Labor Econ. 53:551-79
    • (2009) J. Labor Econ , vol.53 , pp. 551-579
    • Owens, E.G.1
  • 71
    • 35148834413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention felons: Evaluating Project Safe Neighborhoods in Chicago
    • Papachristos AV, Meares TL, Fagan J. 2007. Attention felons: evaluating Project Safe Neighborhoods in Chicago. J. Empir. Legal Stud. 4:223-72
    • (2007) J. Empir. Legal Stud , vol.4 , pp. 223-272
    • Papachristos, A.V.1    Meares, T.L.2    Fagan, J.3
  • 72
    • 0020406154 scopus 로고
    • Perceived risk and deterrence: Methodological artifacts in perceptual deterrence research
    • Paternoster R, Saltzman LE, Chiricos TG, Waldo GP. 1982. Perceived risk and deterrence: methodological artifacts in perceptual deterrence research. J. Crim. Law Criminol. 73:1238-58
    • (1982) J. Crim. Law Criminol , vol.73 , pp. 1238-1258
    • Paternoster, R.1    Saltzman, L.E.2    Chiricos, T.G.3    Waldo, G.P.4
  • 73
    • 27844569000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual change in the National Youth Survey: Lessons for deterrence theory and offender decision-making
    • Pogarsky G, Kim K, Paternoster R. 2005. Perceptual change in the National Youth Survey: lessons for deterrence theory and offender decision-making. Justice Q. 22:1-29
    • (2005) Justice Q , vol.22 , pp. 1-29
    • Pogarsky, G.1    Kim, K.2    Paternoster, R.3
  • 74
    • 5644238106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling change in perceptions about sanction threats: The neglected linkage in deterrence theory
    • Pogarsky G, Piquero AR, Paternoster. 2004. Modeling change in perceptions about sanction threats: the neglected linkage in deterrence theory. J. Quant. Criminol. 20:343-69
    • (2004) J. Quant. Criminol , vol.20 , pp. 343-369
    • Pogarsky, G.1    Piquero, A.R.2    Paternoster3
  • 75
    • 0242596685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the disutility and discounting of imprisonment and the theory of deterrence
    • Polinsky AM, Shavell S. 1999. On the disutility and discounting of imprisonment and the theory of deterrence. J. Legal Stud. 28:1-16
    • (1999) J. Legal Stud , vol.28 , pp. 1-16
    • Polinsky, A.M.1    Shavell, S.2
  • 77
    • 33645806087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prison sentence enhancements: The case of Project Exile
    • ed. J Ludwig, PJCook Washington,DC: Brookings Inst
    • Raphael S, Ludwig J. 2003. Prison sentence enhancements: the case of Project Exile. In Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects onCrime andViolence, ed. J Ludwig, PJCook, pp. 251-86.Washington,DC: Brookings Inst.
    • (2003) Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects OnCrime AndViolence , pp. 251-286
    • Raphael, S.1    Ludwig, J.2
  • 78
    • 84883390478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Good markets make bad neighbors: Regulating open-air drug markets
    • Reuter P, Pollack H. 2012. Good markets make bad neighbors: regulating open-air drug markets. Criminol. Public Policy 11:211-20
    • (2012) Criminol. Public Policy , vol.11 , pp. 211-220
    • Reuter, P.1    Pollack, H.2
  • 79
    • 0002369006 scopus 로고
    • Law, science, and accidents: The British Road Safety Act of 1967
    • Ross HL. 1973. Law, science, and accidents: the British Road Safety Act of 1967. J. Legal Stud. 2:1-78
    • (1973) J. Legal Stud , vol.2 , pp. 1-78
    • Ross, H.L.1
  • 81
    • 85136839147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing for prevention
    • ed. LW Sherman, D Farrington, B Welsh New York: Routledge
    • Sherman LW, Eck JE. 2002. Policing for prevention. In Evidence Based Crime Prevention, ed. LW Sherman, D Farrington, B Welsh, pp. 295-329. New York: Routledge
    • (2002) Evidence Based Crime Prevention , pp. 295-329
    • Sherman, L.W.1    Eck, J.E.2
  • 82
    • 0024600727 scopus 로고
    • Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place
    • Sherman LW, Gartin P, Buerger ME. 1989. Hot spots of predatory crime: routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology 27:27-55
    • (1989) Criminology , vol.27 , pp. 27-55
    • Sherman, L.W.1    Gartin, P.2    Buerger, M.E.3
  • 83
    • 84946458134 scopus 로고
    • General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime 'hot spots' a randomized study
    • Sherman LW, Weisburd D. 1995. General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime 'hot spots': a randomized study. Justice Q. 12:625-48
    • (1995) Justice Q , vol.12 , pp. 625-648
    • Sherman, L.W.1    Weisburd, D.2
  • 84
    • 57749171561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limits of oversight in policing: Evidence from the 2001 Cincinnati riot
    • Shi L. 2009. The limits of oversight in policing: evidence from the 2001 Cincinnati riot. J. Public Econ. 93:99-113
    • (2009) J. Public Econ , vol.93 , pp. 99-113
    • Shi, L.1
  • 88
    • 0027302185 scopus 로고
    • A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence
    • Stafford MC,Warr M. 1993. A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence. J. Res. Crime Delinq. 30:123-35
    • (1993) J. Res. Crime Delinq , vol.30 , pp. 123-135
    • Stafford McWarr, M.1
  • 90
    • 84874346026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing crime through selective incapacitation
    • In press
    • Vollaard B. 2013. Preventing crime through selective incapacitation. Econ. J. In press
    • (2013) Econ. J
    • Vollaard, B.1
  • 91
    • 0002785272 scopus 로고
    • The effect of criminal conviction on income and the trust reposed in the workmen
    • Waldfogel J. 1993. The effect of criminal conviction on income and the trust "reposed in the workmen." J. Hum. Resour. 24:62-81
    • (1993) J. Hum. Resour , vol.24 , pp. 62-81
    • Waldfogel, J.1
  • 92
    • 3142682218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of crime at places: A longitudinal study of street segments in the city of Seattle
    • Weisburd D, Bushway S, Lum C, Yang S-M. 2004. Trajectories of crime at places: a longitudinal study of street segments in the city of Seattle. Criminology 42:238-320
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , pp. 238-320
    • Weisburd, D.1    Bushway, S.2    Lum, C.3    Yang, S.-M.4
  • 93
    • 2442516392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? Ann
    • Weisburd D, Eck J. 2004. What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? Ann. Am. Acad. Pol. Soc. Sci. 593:42-65
    • (2004) Am. Acad. Pol. Soc. Sci , vol.593 , pp. 42-65
    • Weisburd, D.1    Eck, J.2
  • 94
    • 85044882080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The miracle of the cells: An experimental study of interventions to increase payment of court-ordered financial obligations
    • Weisburd D, Einat T, Kowalski M. 2008. The miracle of the cells: an experimental study of interventions to increase payment of court-ordered financial obligations. Criminol. Public Policy 7:9-36
    • (2008) Criminol. Public Policy , vol.7 , pp. 9-36
    • Weisburd, D.1    Einat, T.2    Kowalski, M.3
  • 95
    • 33748286642 scopus 로고
    • Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City Drug Market Analysis Experiment
    • Weisburd D, Green L. 1995. Policing drug hot spots: the Jersey City Drug Market Analysis Experiment. Justice Q. 12:711-35
    • (1995) Justice Q , vol.12 , pp. 711-735
    • Weisburd, D.1    Green, L.2
  • 97
    • 84925922579 scopus 로고
    • Public knowledge of statutory penalties: The extent and basis of accurate perception
    • Williams KR, Gibbs JP, Erickson ML. 1980. Public knowledge of statutory penalties: the extent and basis of accurate perception. Pac. Sociol. Rev. 23:105-28
    • (1980) Pac. Sociol. Rev , vol.23 , pp. 105-128
    • Williams, K.R.1    Gibbs, J.P.2    Erickson, M.L.3
  • 98
    • 84935665607 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual research on general deterrence: A critical overview
    • Williams KR, Hawkins R. 1986. Perceptual research on general deterrence: a critical overview. Law Soc. Rev. 20:545-72
    • (1986) Law Soc. Rev , vol.20 , pp. 545-572
    • Williams, K.R.1    Hawkins, R.2
  • 99
    • 85044808890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-driven violence reduction programs
    • Wilson JM, Chermak S. 2011. Community-driven violence reduction programs. Criminol. Public Policy 10:993-1027
    • (2011) Criminol. Public Policy , vol.10 , pp. 993-1027
    • Wilson, J.M.1    Chermak, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.