Trigeminal Mechanisms of Nociception: Peripheral and Brainstem Organization

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference

Volumn 5, Issue , 2008, Pages 435-460

  Bereiter, D A ^a   Hargreaves, K M ^b   Hu, J W ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Craniofacial pain; Sex differences; Trigeminal brain stem; Trigeminal ganglion

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882540344     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370880-9.00174-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (368)

1. Aigner M., Robert Lukas J., Denk M., Ziya-Ghazvini F., Kaider A., Mayr R. Somatotopic organization of primary afferent perikarya of the guinea-pig extraocular muscles in the trigeminal ganglion: a post-mortem DiI-tracing study. Exp. Eye Res. 2000, 70:411-418.
2. Aimi Y., Fujimura M., Vincent S.R., Kimura H. Localization of NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons in sensory ganglia of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 306:382-392.
3. Akazawa C., Nakamura Y., Sango K., Horie H., Kohsaka S. Distribution of the galectin-1 mRNA in the rat nervous system: its transient upregulation in rat facial motor neurons after facial nerve axotomy. Neuroscience 2004, 125:171-178.
4. Albers K.M., Perrone T.N., Goodness T.P., Jones M.E., Green M.A., Davis B.M. Cutaneous overexpression of NT-3 increases sensory and sympathetic neuron number and enhances touch dome and hair follicle innervation. J. Cell Biol. 1996, 134:487-497.
5. Allen G.V., Barbrick B., Esser M.J. Trigeminal-parabrachial connections: possible pathway for nociception-induced cardiovascular reflex responses. Brain Res. 1996, 715:125-135.
6. Altschuler S.M., Bao X., Bieger D., Hopkins D.A., Miselis R.R. Viscerotopic representation of the upper alimentary tract in the rat: sensory ganglia and nuclei of the solitary and spinal trigeminal tracts. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 283:248-268.
7. Amandusson A., Hermanson O., Blomqvist A. Colocalization of oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin mRNA expression to neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal and medullary dorsal horn of rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1996, 8:2440-2445.
8. Ambalavanar R., Morris R. The distribution of binding by isolectin I-B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia in the trigeminal ganglion and brainstem trigeminal nuclei in the rat. Neuroscience 1992, 47:421-429.
9. Ambalavanar R., Moritani M., Dessem D. Trigeminal P2X(3) receptor expression differs from dorsal root ganglion and is modulated by deep tissue inflammation. Pain 2005, 117:280-291.
10. Anggard A., Lundberg J.M., Lundblad L. Nasal autonomic innervation with special reference to peptidergic nerves. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. Suppl. 1983, 128:143-149.
11. Anton F., Peppel P. Central projections of trigeminal primary afferents innervating the nasal mucosa: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. Neuroscience 1991, 41:617-628.
12. Arbab M.A., Delgado T., Wiklund L., Svendgaard N.A. Brain stem terminations of the trigeminal and upper spinal ganglia innervation of the cerebrovascular system: WGA-HRP transganglionic study. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1988, 8:54-63.
13. Artinger K.B., Fedtsova N., Rhee J.M., Bronner-Fraser M., Turner E. Placodal origin of Brn-3-expressing cranial sensory neurons. J. Neurobiol. 1998, 36:572-585.
14. Arvidsson J. Somatotopic organization of vibrissae afferents in the trigeminal sensory nuclei of the rat studied by transganglionic transport of HRP. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 211:84-92.
15. Arvidson B. Influence of age on the development of cadmium-induced vascular lesions in rat sensory ganglia. Environ. Res. 1983, 32:240-246.
16. Arvidsson J., Raappana P. An HRP study of the central projections from primary sensory neurons innervating the rat masseter muscle. Brain Res. 1989, 480:111-118.
17. Arvidsson J., Pfaller K., Gmeiner S. The ganglionic origins and central projections of primary sensory neurons innervating the upper and lower lips in the rat. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1992, 9:199-209.
18. Bae Y.C., Oh J.M., Hwang S.J., Shigenaga Y., Valtschanoff J.G. Expression of vanilloid receptor TRPV1 in the rat trigeminal sensory nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 478:62-71.
19. Baker C.V., Stark M.R., Bronner-Fraser M. Pax3-expressing trigeminal placode cells can localize to trunk neural crest sites but are committed to a cutaneous sensory neuron fate. Dev. Biol. 2002, 249:219-236.
20. Barker D.J., Welker W.I. Receptive fields of first-order somatic sensory neurons innervating rhinarium in coati and raccoon. Brain Res. 1969, 14:367-386.
21. Basbaum A.I. Distinct neurochemical features of acute and persistent pain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1999, 96:7739-7743.
22. Beckstead R.M., Norgren R. An autoradiographic examination of the central distribution of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagal nerves in the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1979, 184:455-472.
23. Beitel R.E., Dubner R. Response of unmyelinated (C) polymodal nociceptors to thermal stimuli applied to monkey's face. J. Neurophysiol. 1976, 39:1160-1175.
24. Beitz A.J. The organization of afferent projections to the midbrain periaqueductal gray of the rat. Neuroscience 1982, 7:133-159.
25. Belmonte C., Garcia-Hirschfeld J., Gallar J. Neurobiology of ocular pain. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 1997, 16:117-156.
26. Benoliel R., Eliav E., Tal M. No sympathetic nerve sprouting in rat trigeminal ganglion following painful and non-painful infraorbital nerve neuropathy. Neurosci. Lett. 2001, 297:151-154.
27. Bereiter D.A., Bereiter D.F. Morphine and NMDA receptor antagonism reduce c- fos expression in spinal trigeminal nucleus produced by acute injury to the TMJ region. Pain 2000, 85:65-77.
28. Bereiter D.A., Cioffi J.L., Bereiter D.F. Oestrogen receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the trigeminal sensory system of male and cycling female rats. Arch. Oral. Biol. 2005, 50:971-979.
29. Bereiter D.A., Hathaway C.B., Benetti A.P. Caudal portions of the spinal trigeminal complex are necessary for autonomic responses and display Fos-like immunoreactivity after corneal stimulation in the cat. Brain Res. 1994, 657:73-82.
30. Bereiter D.A., Hirata H., Hu J.W. Trigeminal subnucleus caudalis: beyond homologies with the spinal dorsal horn. Pain 2000, 88:221-224.
31. Bereiter D.A., Okamoto K., Bereiter D.F. Effect of persistent monoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint region on acute mustard oil-induced excitation of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons in male and female rats. Pain 2005, 117:58-67.
32. Bereiter D.A., Okamoto K., Tashiro A., Hirata H. Endotoxin-induced uveitis causes long-term changes in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 2005, 94:3815-3825.
33. Bergdahl M., Bergdahl J. Burning mouth syndrome: prevalence and associated factors. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 1999, 28:350-354.
34. Beuerman R.W., Tanelian D.L. Corneal pain evoked by thermal stimulation. Pain 1979, 7:l-l4.
35. Bleys R.L., Groen G.J., Hommersom R.F. Neural connections in and around the cavernous sinus in rat, with special reference to cerebrovascular innervation. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 369:277-291.
36. Bohotin C., Scholsem M., Multon S., Martin D., Bohotin V., Schoenen J. Vagus nerve stimulation in awake rats reduces formalin-induced nociceptive behaviour and fos-immunoreactivity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Pain 2003, 101:3-12.
37. Boissonade F.M., Sharkey K.A., Lucier G.E. Trigeminal nuclear complex of the ferret: anatomical and immunohistochemical studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 329:291-312.
38. Bongenhielm U., Boissonade F.M., Westermark A., Robinson P.P., Fried K. Sympathetic nerve sprouting fails to occur in the trigeminal ganglion after peripheral nerve injury in the rat. Pain 1999, 82:283-288.
39. Bongenhielm U., Nosrat C.A., Nosrat I., Eriksson J., Fjell J., Fried K. Expression of sodium channel SNS/PN3 and ankyrin(G) mRNAs in the trigeminal ganglion after inferior alveolar nerve injury in the rat. Exp. Neurol. 2000, 164:384-395.
40. Bongenhielm U., Yates J.M., Fried K., Robinson P.P. Sympathectomy does not affect the early ectopic discharge from myelinated fibres in ferret inferior alveolar nerve neuromas. Neurosci. Lett. 1998, 245:89-92.
41. Bossut D.F., Whitsel E.A., Maixner W. A parametric analysis of the effects of cardiopulmonary vagal electrostimulation on the digastric reflex in cats. Brain Res. 1992, 579:253-260.
42. Brannstrom M. The hydrodynamic theory of dentinal pain: sensation in preparations, caries, and the dentinal crack syndrome. J. Endod. 1986, 12:453-457.
43. Bruce L.L., McHaffie J.G., Stein B.E. The organization of trigeminotectal and trigeminothalamic neurons in rodents: a double-labeling study with fluorescent dyes. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 262:315-330.
44. Bruenech J.R., Ruskell G.L. Muscle spindles in extraocular muscles of human infants. Cells Tissues Organs 2001, 169:388-394.
45. Bryant B., Silver W.L. Chemesthesis: the Common Chemical Sense. Neurobiology of Taste and Smell 2000, 73-100. Wiley-Liss. 2nd edn. T.E. Finger, W.L. Silver, D. Restrepo (Eds.).
46. Bullitt E. Expression of c-fos-like protein as a marker for neuronal activity following noxious stimulation in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 296:517-530.
47. Burstein R., Yamamura H., Malick A., Strassman A.M. Chemical stimulation of the intracranial dura induces enhanced responses to facial stimulation in brain stem trigeminal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 1998, 79:964-982.
48. Burstein R., Yarnitsky D., Goor-Aryeh I., Ransil B.J., Bajwa Z.H. An association between migraine and cutaneous allodynia. Ann. Neurol. 2000, 47:614-624.
49. Butler P.J., Jones D.R. Physiology of diving of birds and mammals. Physiol. Rev. 1997, 77:837-899.
50. Buzas B., Cox B.M. Quantitative analysis of mu and delta opioid receptor gene expression in rat brain and peripheral ganglia using competitive polymerase chain reaction. Neuroscience 1997, 76:479-489.
51. Byers M.R. Dental sensory receptors. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 1984, 25:39-94.
52. Byers M.R., Chudler E.H., Iadorola M.J. Chronic tooth pulp inflammation causes transient and persistent expression of Fos in dynorphin-rich regions of rat brainstem. Brain Res. 2000, 861:191-207.
53. Caous C.A., de Sousa Buck H., Lindsey C.J. Neuronal connections of the paratrigeminal nucleus: a topographic analysis of neurons projecting to bulbar, pontine and thalamic nuclei related to cardiovascular, respiratory and sensory functions. Autonomic Neurosci. 2001, 94:14-24.
54. Capra N.F. Localization and central projections of primary afferent neurons that innervate the temporomandibular joint in cats. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1987, 4:201-213.
55. Catania K.C. A nose that looks like a hand and acts like an eye: the unusual mechanosensory system of the star-nosed mole. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1999, 185:367-372.
56. Catania K.C., Kaas J.H. Somatosensory fovea in the star-nosed mole: behavioral use of the star in relation to innervation patterns and cortical representation. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 387:215-233.
57. Catania K.C., Remple M.S. Somatosensory cortex dominated by the representation of teeth in the naked mole-rat brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99:5692-5697.
58. Cechetto D.F., Standaert D.S., Saper C.B. Spinal and trigeminal dorsal horn projections to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 240:153-162.
59. Chalazonitis A., Kessler J.A., Twardzik D.R., Morrison R.S. Transforming growth factor alpha, but not epidermal growth factor, promotes the survival of sensory neurons in vitro. J. Neurosci. 1992, 12:583-594.
60. Chandler M.J., Zhang J., Qin C., Foreman R.D. Spinal inhibitory effects of cardiovascular inputs in monkeys: neuronal processing in high cervical segments. J. Neurophysiol. 2002, 87:1290-1302.
61. Chattipakorn S.C., Light A.R., Willcockson H.H., Nahri M., Maixner W. The effect of fentanyl on c-fos expression in the trigeminal brainstem complex produced by pulpal heat stimulation in the ferret. Pain 1999, 82:207-215.
62. Cheng S.B., Kuchiiwa S., Kuchiiwa T., Nakagawa S. Three novel pathways to the lacrimal glands of the cat: an investigation with cholera toxin B subunit as a retrograde tracer. Brain Res. 2000, 873:160-164.
63. Chiang C.Y., Hu B., Hu J.W., Dostrovsky J.O., Sessle B.J. Central sensitization of nociceptive neurons in trigeminal subnucleus orlais depends on the integrity of subnucleus caudalis. J. Neurophysiol. 2002, 88:256-264.
64. Chiang C.Y., Hu J.W., Dostrovsky J.O., Sessle B.J. Changes in mechanoreceptive field properties of somatosensory brainstem neurons induced by stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus in cats. Brain Res. 1989, 485:371-381.
65. Chiang C.Y., Hu J.W., Sessle B.J. Parabrachial area and nucleus raphe magnus-induced modulation of nociceptive and nonnociceptive trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons activated by cutaneous or deep inputs. J. Neurophysiol. 1994, 71:2430-2445.
66. Cody F.W., Lee R.W., Taylor A. A functional analysis of the components of the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve in the cat. J. Physiol. 1972, 226:249-261.
67. Collo G., North R.A., Kawashima E., Merlo-Pich E., Neidhart S., Surprenant A., Buell G. Cloning of P2X5 and P2X6 receptors and the distribution and properties of an extended family of ATP-gated ion channels. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:2495-2507.
68. Cometto-Muniz J.E., Cain W.S. Relative sensitivity of the ocular trigeminal, nasal trigeminal and olfactory systems to airborne chemicals. Chem. Senses 1995, 20:191-198.
69. Connor J.M., Lauterborn J.C., Yan Q., Gall C.M., Varon S. Distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA in the normal adult rat CNS: evidence for anterograde axonal transport. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:2295-2313.
70. Contreras R.J., Beckstead R.M., Norgren R. The central projections of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves: an autoradiographic study in the rat. J. Autonomic Nerv. Syst. 1982, 6:303-322.
71. Cook S.P., Vulchanova L., Hargreaves K.M., Elde R., McCleskey E.W. Distinct ATP receptors on pain-sensing and stretch-sensing neurons. Nature 1997, 387:505-508.
72. Craig A.D. Distribution of trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic lamina I terminations in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 477:119-148.
73. Craig A.D., Burton H. Spinal and medullary lamina I projection to nucleus submedius in medial thalamus: a possible pain center. J. Neurophysiol. 1981, 45:443-466.
74. Dado R.J., Giesler G.J. Afferent input to nucleus submedius in rats: retrograde labeling of neurons in the spinal cord and caudal medulla. J. Neurosci. 1990, 10:2672-2686.
75. Dallel R., Duale C., Luccarini P., Molat J.L. Stimulus-function, wind-up and modulation by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls of responses of convergent neurons of the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:31-40.
76. Dallel R., Luccarini P., Molat J.L., Woda A. Effects of systemic morphine on the activity of convergent neurons of spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1996, 314:19-25.
77. Dallel R., Raboisson P., Woda A., Sessle B.J. Properties of nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons in trigeminal subnucleus oralis of the rat. Brain Res. 1990, 521:95-106.
78. Dao T.T., LeResche L. Gender differences in pain. J. Orofacial Pain 2000, 14:169-184.
79. DaSilva A.F., Becerra L., Makris N., Strassman A.M., Gonzalez R.G., Geatrakis N., Borsook D. Somatotopic activation in the human trigeminal pain pathway. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:8183-8192.
80. Davis K.D., Dostrovsky J.O. Effect of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis cold block on the cerebrovascular-evoked responses of rostral trigeminal complex neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 1988, 94:303-308.
81. Davis B.M., Albers K.M., Seroogy K.B., Katz D.M. Overexpression of nerve growth factor in transgenic mice induces novel sympathetic projections to primary sensory neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 349:464-474.
82. DeLeon M., Covenas R., Chadi G., Narvaez J.A., Fuxe K., Cintra A. Subpopulations of primary sensory neurons show coexistence of neuropeptides and glucocorticoid receptors in the rat spinal and trigeminal ganglia. Brain Res. 1994, 636:338-342.
83. Denny-Brown D., Yanagisawa N. The function of the descending root of the fifth nerve. Brain 1973, 96:783-814.
84. Devor M., Amir R., Rappaport Z.H. Pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia: the ignition hypothesis. Clin. J. Pain 2002, 18:4-13.
85. Diatchenko L., Slade G.D., Nackley A.G., Bhalang K., Sigurdsson A., Belfer I., Goldman D., Shabalina S.A., Shagin D., Max M.B., Makarov S.S., Maixner W. Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition. Human Mol. Genet. 2005, 14:135-143.
86. Dib-Hajj S., Black J.A., Felts P., Waxman S.G. Down-regulation of transcripts for Na channel alpha-SNS in spinal sensory neurons following axotomy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996, 93:14950-14954.
87. Ding Y.Q., Kaneko T., Nomura S., Mizuno N. Immunohistochemical localization of μ-opioid receptors in the central nervous system of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 367:375-402.
88. Dohrn C.S., Mullett M.A., Price R.H., Beitz A.J. Distribution of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive interneurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 346:449-460.
89. Drummond P.D. The mechanism of facial sweating and cutaneous vascular responses to painful stimulation of the eye. Brain 1992, 115:1417-1428.
90. Dubner R., Bennett G.J. Spinal and trigeminal mechanisms of nociception. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1983, 6:38l-418.
91. Dubner R., Sharav Y., Gracely R.H., Price D.D. Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: sensory features and pain mechanisms. Pain 1987, 31:23-33.
92. Duff J.M., Spinner R.J., Lindor N.M., Dodick D.W., Atkinson J.L. Familial trigeminal neuralgia and contralateral hemifacial spasm. Neurology 1999, 53:216-218.
93. Edvinsson L., Uddman R. Neurobiology in primary headaches. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev 2005, 48:438-456.
94. Elcock C., Boissonade F.M., Robinson P.P. Changes in neuropeptide expression in the trigeminal ganglion following inferior alveolar nerve section in the ferret. Neuroscience 2001, 102:655-667.
95. Elkabes S., Dreyfus C.F., Schaar D.G., Black I.B. Embryonic sensory development: local expression of neurotrophin-3 and target expression of nerve growth factor. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 341:204-213.
96. Eriksson J., Bongenhielm U., Kidd E., Matthews B., Fried K. Distribution of P2X3 receptors in the rat trigeminal ganglion after inferior alveolar nerve injury. Neurosci. Lett. 1998, 254:37-40.
97. Esteve P., Bovolenta P. cSix4, a member of the six gene family of transcription factors, is expressed during placode and somite development. Mech. Dev. 1999, 85:161-165.
98. Feil K., Herbert H. Topographic organization of spinal and trigeminal somatosensory pathways to the rat parabrachial and Kolliker-Fuse nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 353:506-528.
99. Feindel W., Penfield W., McNaughton F. The tentorial nerves and Iocalization of intracranial pain in man. Neurology 1960, 10:555-563.
100. Flake N.M., Bonebreak D.B., Gold M.S. Estrogen and inflammation increase the excitability of rat temporomandibular joint afferent neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 2005, 93:1585-1597.
101. Fritschy J.M., Mohler H. GABAA-receptor heterogeneity in the adult rat brain: differential regional and cellular distribution of seven major subunits. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 359:154-194.
102. Gauriau C., Bernard J.F. A comparative reappraisal of projections from the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn in the rat: the forebrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 468:24-56.
103. Georgiades P., Wood J., Brickell P.M. Retinoid X receptor-gamma gene expression is developmentally regulated in the embryonic rodent peripheral nervous system. Anat. Embryol. (Berl.) 1998, 197:477-484.
104. Ghilardi J.R., Allen C.J., Vigna S.R., McVey D.C., Mantyh P.W. Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglion neurons express CCK receptor binding sites in the rat, rabbit, and monkey: possible site of opiate-CCK analgesic interactions. J. Neurosci. 1992, 12:4854-4866.
105. Ginestal E., Matute C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive neurons in the rat trigeminal nuclei. Histochemistry 1993, 99:49-55.
106. Goadsby P.J. Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias: fancy term or constructive change to the IHS classification?. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2005, 76:301-305.
107. Gobel S., Purvis M.B. Anatomical studies of the organization of the spinal V nucleus: the deep bundles and the spinal V tract. Brain Res. 1972, 48:27-44.
108. Goedert M., Otten U., Hunt S.P., Bond A., Chapman D., Schlumpf M., Lichtensteiger W. Biochemical and anatomical effects of antibodies against nerve growth factor on developing rat sensory ganglia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S. A. 1984, 81:1580-1584.
109. Goksor E., Rosengren L., Wennergren G. Bradycardic response during submersion in infant swimming. Acta Paediatr. 2002, 91:307-312.
110. Gonzalez-Martinez T., Germana G.P., Monjil D.F., Silos-Santiago I., de Carlos F., Germana G., Cobo J., Vega J.A. Absence of Meissner corpuscles in the digital pads of mice lacking functional TrkB. Brain Res. 2004, 1002:120-128.
111. Green P.G., Dahlqvist S.R., Isenberg W.M., Mao F.J., Levine J.D. Role of adrenal medulla in development of sexual dimorphism in inflammation. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001, 14:1436-1444.
112. Greenwood L.F., Sessle B.J. Inputs to trigeminal brain stem neurons from facial, oral, tooth pulp and pharyngolarygeal tissues: II. Role of trigeminal nucleus caudalis in modulating responses to innocuous and noxious stimuli. Brain Res. 1976, 117:227-238.
113. Gregg J.M. Studies of traumatic neuralgia in the maxillofacial region: symptom complexes and response to microsurgery. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1990, 48:135-140. discussion 141.
114. Grushka M., Epstein J.B., Gorsky M. Burning mouth syndrome and other oral sensory disorders: a unifying hypthesis. Pain Res. Manag. 2003, 8:133-135.
115. Guo A., Vulchanova L., Wang J., Li X., Elde R. Immunocytochemical localization of the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1): relationship to neuropeptides, the P2X3 purinoceptor and IB4 binding sites. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:946-958.
116. Guy N., Chalus M., Dallel R., Voisin D.L. Both oral and caudal parts of the spinal trigeminal nucleus project to the somatosensory thalamus in the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 21:741-754.
117. Hallas B.H., Jacquin M.F. Structure-function relationships in rat brain stem subnucleus interpolaris. IX. inputs from subnucleus caudalis. J. Neurophysiol. 1990, 64:28-45.
118. Hansson S.R., Mezey E., Hoffman B.J. Ontogeny of vesicular monoamine transporter mRNAs VMAT1 and VMAT2. II. Expression in neural crest derivatives and their target sites in the rat. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 1998, 110:159-174.
119. Harding A., Paxinos G., Halliday G. The serotonin and tachykinin systems. The Rat Nervous System 2004, 1205-1256. Elsevier. G. Paxinos (Ed.).
120. Hayes R.L., Price D.D., Ruda M.A., Dubner R. Neuronal activity in medullary dorsal horn of awake monkeys trained in a thermal discrimination task. II. Behavioral modulation of responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. J. Neurophysiol. 1981, 46:428-443.
121. Heckmann S.M., Heckmann J.G., HiIz M.J., Popp M., Marthol H., Neundorfer B., Henry M.A., Johnson L.R., Nousek-Goebl N., Westrum L.E. Light microscopic localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the normal feline trigeminal system and following retrogasserian rhizotomy. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 365:526-540.
122. Henry M.A., Westrum L.E., Bothwell M., Johnson L.R. Nerve growth factor receptor (p75)-immunoreactivity in the normal adult feline trigeminal system and following retrogasserian rhizotomy. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 335:425-436.
123. Hicar M.D., Robinson M.L., Wu L.C. Embryonic expression and regulation of the large zinc finger protein KRC. Genesis 2002, 33:8-20.
124. Hildebrand C., Fried K., Tuisku F., Johansson C.S. Teeth and tooth nerves. Prog. Neurobiol. 1995, 45:165-222.
125. 2 pulses in the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 1999, 82:2092-2107.
126. A receptor activation modulates corneal unit activity in rostral and caudal portions of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. J. Neurophysiol. 2003, 90:2837-2849.
127. Hirata H., Okamoto K., Tashiro A., Bereiter D.A. A novel class of neurons at the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis transition region monitors ocular surface fluid status and modulates tear production. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:4224-4232.
128. Hirata H., Takeshita S., Hu J.W., Bereiter D.A. Cornea-responsive medullary dorsal horn neurons: modulation by local opioid agonists and projections to thalamus and brainstem. J. Neurophysiol. 2000, 84:1050-1061.
129. Hocevar A., Tomsic M., Praprotnik S., Hojnik M., Kveder T., Rozman B. Parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2003, 62:702-704.
130. Hoffmann K.D., Matthews M.A. Comparison of sympathetic neurons in orofacial and upper extremity nerves: implications for causalgia. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1990, 48:720-726. discussion 727.
131. Holland G.R., Robinson P.P. Axon populations in cat lingual and chorda tympani nerves. J. Dent. Res. 1992, 71:1468-1472.
132. Hoyes A.D., Barber P. Ultrastructure of the corneal nerves in the rat. Cell Tissue Res. 1976, 172:133-144.
133. Hu B., Chiang C.Y., Hu J.W., Dostrovsky J.O., Sessle B.J. P2X receptors in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis modulate central sensitization in trigeminal subnucleus oralis. J. Neurophysiol. 2002, 88:1614-1624.
134. Hu J.W., Sessle B.J. Comparison of responses of cutaneous nociceptive and nonnociceptive brain stem neurons in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn) and subnucleus oralis to natural and electrical stimulation of tooth pulp. J. Neurophysiol. 1984, 52:39-53.
135. Huerta M.F., Hashikawa T., Gayoso M.J., Harting J.K. The trigemino-olivary projection in the cat: contributions of individual subnuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 241:180-190.
136. Hu J.W., Sun K.Q., Vernon H., Sessle B.J. Craniofacial inputs to upper cervical dorsal horn: implications for somatosensory information processing. Brain Res. 2005, 1044:93-106.
137. Hunt S.P., Mantyh P.W. The molecular dynamics of pain control. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2:83-91.
138. Ichikawa H., Sugimoto T. The difference of osteocalcin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia: co-expression with nociceptive transducers and central projection. Brain Res. 2002, 958:459-462.
139. Ichikawa H., Deguchi T., Nakago T., Jacobowitz D.M., Sugimoto T. Parvalbumin, calretinin and carbonic anhydrase in the trigeminal and spinal primary neurons of the rat. Brain Res. 1994, 655:241-245.
140. Ichikawa H., Itota T., Torii Y., Inoue K., Sugimoto T. Osteocalcin-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons in the rat spinal and trigeminal nervous systems. Brain Res. 1999, 838:205-209.
141. Ichikawa H., Jacobowitz D.M., Sugimoto T. Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia of the rat. Brain Res. 1993, 617:96-102.
142. Ichikawa H., Jacobowitz D.M., Sugimoto T. S100 protein-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia of the rat. Brain Res. 1997, 748:253-257.
143. Ikeda M., Tanami T., Matsushita M. Ascending and descending internuclear connections of the trigeminal sensory nuclei in the cat. A study with the retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase technique. Neuroscience 1984, 12:1243-1260.
144. Ikeda T., Terayama R., Jue S., Sugiyo S., Dubner R., Ren K. Differential rostral projections of caudal brainstem neurons receiving trigeminal input after masseter inflammation. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 465:220-233.
145. Isselee H., Laat A.D., Mot B.D., Lysens R. Pressure-pain threshold variation in temporomandibular disorder myalgia over the course of the menstrual cycle. J. Orofac. Pain 2002, 16:105-117.
146. Ito M., Kurita K., Ito T., Arao M. Pain threshold and pain recovery after experimental stimulation in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2002, 56:161-168.
147. Izumi H. Nervous control of blood flow in the orofacial region. Pharmacol. Ther. 1999, 81:141-161.
148. Jacquin M.F., Chiaia N.L., Haring J.H., Rhoades R.W. Intersubnuclear connections within the rat trigeminal brainstem complex. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1990, 7:399-420.
149. Jacquin M.F., Renehan W.E., Mooney R.D., Rhoades R.W. Structure-function relationships in rat medullary and cervical dorsal horns. I. Trigeminal primary afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 1986, 55:1153-1186.
150. Jacquin M.F., Semba K., Egger M.D., Rhoades R.W. Organization of HRP-labeled trigeminal mandibular primary afferent neurons in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1983, 215:397-420.
151. Jain N., Qi H.X., Catania K.C., Kaas J.H. Anatomic correlates of the face and oral cavity representations in the somatosensory cortical area 3b of monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 2001, 429:455-468.
152. Janig W. Relationship between pain and autonomic phenomena in headache and other pain conditions. Cephalalgia 2003, 23:43-48.
153. Jones D.A., Rollman G.B., Brooke R.I. The cortisol response to psychological stress in temporomandibular dysfunction. Pain 1997, 72:171-182.
154. Julius D., Basbaum A.I. Molecular mechanisms of nociception. Nature 2001, 413:203-210.
155. Kai-Kai M.A. Cytochemistry of the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of the rat. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1989, 93A:183-193.
156. Kai-Kai M.A., Che Y.M. Distribution of arginine-vasopressin in the trigeminal, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of the rat: depletion by capsaicin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 1995, 110:71-78.
157. Kanjhan R., Housley G.D., Burton L.D., Christie D.L., Kippenberger A., Thorne P.R., Luo L., Ryan A.F. Distribution of the P2X2 receptor subunit of the ATP-gated ion channels in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 407:11-32.
158. Katsarava Z., Lehnerdt G., Duda B., Ellrich J., Diener H.C., Kaube H. Sensitization of trigeminal nociception specific for migraine but not pain of sinusitis. Neurology 2002, 59:1450-1453.
159. Kawabata A., Itoh H., Kawao N., Kuroda R., Sekiguchi F., Masuko T., Iwata K., Ogawa A. Activation of trigeminal nociceptive neurons by parotid PAR-2 activation in rats. Neuroreport 2004, 15:1617-1621.
160. Keay K.A., Feil K., Gordan B.D., Herbert H., Bandler R. Spinal afferents to functionally distinct periaqueductal gray columns in the rat: an anterograde and retrograde tracing study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 385:207-229.
161. Kelleher K.L., Matthaei K.I., Leck K.J., Hendry I.A. Developmental expression of messenger RNA levels of the alpha subunit of the GTP-binding protein, Gz, in the mouse nervous system. Brain Res. Dev Brain Res. 1998, 107:247-253.
162. Kemppainen P., Forster C., Handwerker H.O. The importance of stimulus site and intensity in differences of pain-induced vascular reflexes in human orofacial regions. Pain 2001, 91:331-338.
163. Kenshalo D.R. Comparison of thermal sensitivity of the forehead, lip, conjunctiva and cornea. J. Appl. Physiol. 1960, 15:987-991.
164. Kerr F.W.L. Structural relation of trigeminal spinal tract to upper cervical roots and solitary nucleus in cat. Exp. Neurol. 1961, 4:134-146.
165. Kerr F.W.L. The divisional organization of afferent fibres of the trigeminal nerve. Brain 1963, 86:721-732.
166. Khasar S.G., Isenberg W.M., Miao F.J., Gear R.W., Green P.G., Levine J.D. Gender and gonadal hormone effects on vagal modulation of tonic nociception. J. Pain 2001, 2:91-100.
167. Khasar S.G., Miao F.J., Janig W., Levine J.D. Vagotomy-induced enhancement of mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat is sympathoadrenal-mediated. J. Neurosci. 1998, 15:3043-3049.
168. Kido M.A., Kiyoshima T., Ibuki T., Shimizu S., Kondo T., Terada Y., Tanaka T. A topographical and ultrastructural study of sensory trigeminal nerve endings in the rat temporomandibular joint as demonstrated by anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). J. Dental Res. 1995, 74:1353-1359.
169. Kim S.J., Lee J.W., Chun H.S., Joh T.H., Son J.H. Monitoring catecholamine differentiation in the embryonic brain and peripheral neurons using E. coli lacZ as a reporter gene. Mol. Cells 1997, 7:394-398.
170. Kirchner A., Birklein F., Stefan H., Handwerker H.O. Left vagus nerve stimulation suppresses experimentally induced pain. Neurology 2000, 55:1167-1171.
171. Kitahama K., Nagatsu I., Geffard M., Maeda T. Distribution of dopamine-immunoreactive fibers in the rat brainstem. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 2000, 18:1-9.
172. Kitchener, P. D., Dziegielewska, K. M., Knott, G. W., Miller, J. M., Nawratil, P., Potter, A. E., and Saunders, N. R. Fetuin expression in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia of perinatal rats. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 15, 717-727.
173. Kitt C.A., Gruber K., Davis M., Woolf C.J., Levine J.D. Trigeminal neuralgia: opportunities for research and treatment. Pain 2000, 85:3-7.
174. Klein R., Smeyne R.J., Wurst W., Long L.K., Auerbach B.A., Joyner A.L., Barbacid M. Targeted disruption of the trkB neurotrophin receptor gene results in nervous system lesions and neonatal death. Cell 1993, 75:113-122.
175. Kopp S. Neuroendocrine, immune, and local responses related to temporomandibular disorders. J. Orofacial Pain 2001, 15:9-28.
176. Korszun A. Facial pain, depression and stress-connections and directions. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 2002, 31:615-619.
177. Korszun A., Young E.A., Singer K., Carlson N.E., Brown M.B., Crofford L. Basal circadian cortisol secretion in women with temporomandibular disorders. J. Dent. Res. 2002, 81:279-283.
178. Krout K.E., Belzer R.E., Loewy A.D. Brainstem projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 2002, 448:53-101.
179. Kruger L., Young R.F. Specialized features of the trigeminal nerve and its central connections. The Cranial Nerves 1981, 274-301. Springer-Verlag. M. Samii, P.J. Jannetta (Eds.).
180. Kruger L., Saporta S., Feldman S.G. Axonal Transport Studies of the Sensory Trigeminal Complex. Pain in the Trigeminal Region 1977, 191-201. Elsevier. D.J. Anderson, B. Matthews (Eds.).
181. Kruger L., Sternini C., Brecha N.C., Mantyh P.W. Distribution of calcitonin-gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in relation to the rat central somatosensory projection. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 273:149-162.
182. Kumada M., Dampney R.A.L., Reis D.J. The trigeminal depressor response: a novel vasodepressor response originating from the trigeminal system. Brain Res. 1977, 119:305-326.
183. Lavigne G., Woda A., Truelove E., Ship J.A., Dao T., Goulet J.P. Mechanisms associated with unusual orofacial pain. J. Orofac. Pain 2005, 19:9-21.
184. Lennartsson B. Muscle spindles in the human anterior digastric muscle. Acta Odontol. Scand. 1979, 37:329-333.
185. LeResche L. Epidemiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for the investigation of etiological factors. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 1997, 8:291-305.
186. LeResche L., Mancl L., Sherman J.J., Gandara B., Dworkin S.F. Changes in temporomandibular pain and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle. Pain 2003, 106:253-261.
187. Levine J.D., Collier D.H., Basbaum A.I., Moskowitz M.A., Helms C.A. Hypothesis: the nervous system may contribute to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 1985, 12:406-411.
188. Levitt P., Moore R.Y. Origin and organization of brainstem catecholamine innervation in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1979, 186:505-528.
189. Levy D., Strassman A.M. Distinct sensitizing effects of the cAMP-PKA second messenger cascade on rat dural mechanonociceptors. J. Physiol. 2002, 538:483-493.
190. Lewin G.R., Lu Y., Park T.J. A plethora of painful molecules. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2004, 14:443-449.
191. Li Y.Q., Takada M., Ohishi H., Shinonaga Y., Mizuno N. Trigeminal ganglion neurons which project by way of axon collaterals to both the caudal spinal trigeminal and the principal sensory trigeminal nuclei. Brain Res. 1992, 594:155-159.
192. Linden R.W. Properties of intraoral mechanoreceptors represented in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve in the cat. J. Physiol. 1978, 279:395-408.
193. Lipton J.A., Ship J.A., Larach-Robinson D. Estimated prevalence and distribution of reported orofacial pain in the United States. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1993, 124:115-121.
194. Liu Y., Broman J., Edvinsson L. Central projections of sensory innervation of the rat superior sagittal sinus. Neuroscience 2004, 129:431-437.
195. Lu J., Hathaway C.B., Bereiter D.A. Adrenalectomy enhances Fos-like immunoreactivity within the spinal trigeminal nucleus induced by noxious thermal stimulation of the cornea. Neuroscience 1993, 54:809-818.
196. Ma P.M. The barrelettes - architectonic vibrissal representations in the brainstem trigeminal complex of the mouse. I. Normal structural organization. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 309:161-199.
197. Macfarlane T.V., Blinkhorn A.S., Davies R.M., Kincey J., Worthington H.V. Association between female hormonal factors and oro-facial pain: study in the community. Pain 2002, 97:5-10.
198. Macfarlane T.V., Blinkhorn A.S., Davies R.M., Kincey J., Worthington H.V. Oro-facial pain in the community: prevalence and associated impact. Comm. Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 2002, 30:52-60.
199. MacGregor E.A., Hackshaw A. Prevalence of migraine on each day of the natural menstrual cycle. Neurology 2004, 63:351-353.
200. Maixner W., Fillingim R., Sigurdsson A., Kincaid S., Silva S. Sensitivity of patients with temporomandibular disorders to experimentally evoked pain: evidence for altered temporal summation of pain. Pain 1998, 76:71-81.
201. Maklad A., Quinn T., Fritzsch B. Intracranial distribution of the sympathetic system in mice: DiI tracing and immunocytochemical labeling. Anat. Rec. 2001, 263:99-111.
202. Malick A., Burstein R. Cells of origin of the trigeminohypothalamic tract in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 400:125-144.
203. Manger P.R., Woods T.M., Jones E.G. Representation of the face and intraoral structures in area 3b of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) somatosensory cortex, with special reference to the ipsilateral representation. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 362:597-607.
204. Mantle-St John L.A., Tracey D.J. Somatosensory nuclei in the brainstem of the rat: independent projections to the thalamus and cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 255:259-271.
205. Mantyh P.W. The ascending input to the midbrain periaqueductal gray of the primate. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 211:50-64.
206. Mantyh P.W., Allen C.J., Rogers S., DeMaster E., Ghilardi J.R., Mosconi T., Kruger L., Mannon P.J., Taylor I.L., Vigna S.R. Some sensory neurons express neuropeptide Y receptors: potential paracrine inhibition of primary afferent nociceptors following peripheral nerve injury. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14:3958-3968.
207. Manzoni G.C., Torelli P. Epidemiology of typical and atypical craniofacial neuralgias. Neurol. Sci. 2005, 26:S65-S67.
208. Marfurt C.F. The somatotopic organization of the cat trigeminal ganglion as determined by the horseradish peroxidase technique. Anat. Rec. 1981, 201:105-118.
209. Marfurt C.F., del Toro D.R. Corneal sensory pathway in the rat: a horseradish peroxidase tracing study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 261:450-459.
210. Marfurt C.F., Echtenkamp S.F. Central projections and trigeminal ganglion location of corneal afferent neurons in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 272:370-382.
211. Marfurt C.F., Rajchert D.M. Trigeminal primary afferent projections to "non-trigeminal" areas of the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 303:489-511.
212. Marfurt C.F., Turner D.F. The central projections of tooth pulp afferent neurons in the rat as determined by the transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol. 1984, 223:535-547.
213. Margeta-Mitrovic M., Mitrovic I., Riley R.C., Jan L.Y., Basbaum A.I. Immunohistochemical localization of GABAB receptors in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 405:299-321.
214. Martin-Schild S., Gerall A.A., Kastin A.J., Zadina J.E. Differential distribution of endomorphin 1- and endomorphin2-like immunoreactivies in the CNS of the rodent. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 405:450-471.
215. Matthews B. Autonomic mechanisms in oral sensations. Proc. Finn. Dent. Soc. 1989, 85:365-373.
216. McLachlan E.M., Janig W., Devor M., Michaelis M. Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia. Nature 1993, 363:543-546.
217. McNeill D.L., Chandler M.J., Fu Q.G., Foreman R.D. Projection of nodose ganglion cells to the rat upper cervical spinal cord in the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 1991, 27:151-155.
218. Menetrey D., Basbaum A.I. Spinal and trigeminal projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract: a possible substrate for somatovisceral and viscerovisceral reflex activation. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 255:439-450.
219. Meng I.D., Bereiter D.A. Differential distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after noxious and innocuous thermal and chemical stimulation of rat cornea. Neuroscience 1996, 72:243-254.
220. Meng I.D., Hu J.W., Bereiter D.A. Differential effects of morphine on corneal-responsive neurons in rostral versus caudal regions of spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 1998, 79:2593-2602.
221. Meng I.D., Hu J.W., Benetti A.P., Bereiter D.A. Encoding of corneal input in two distinct regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat: cutaneous receptive field properties, responses to thermal and chemical stimulation, modulation by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, and projections to the parabrachial area. J. Neurophysiol. 1997, 77:43-56.
222. Merchenthaler I., Lane M.V., Numan S., Dellovade T.L. Distribution of estrogen receptor a and b in the mouse central nervous system: in vivo autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analyses. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 473:270-291.
223. Meunier A., Latremoliere A., Mauborgne A., Bourgoin S., Kayser V., Cesselin F., Hamon M., Pohl M. Attenuation of pain-related behavior in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain by viral-driven enkephalin overproduction in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Mol. Ther. 2005, 11:608-616.
224. Meyer R.A., Ringkamp M., Campbell J.N., Raja S.N. Peripheral Mechanisms of Cutaneous Nociception. Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain 2006, 3-34. Elsevier. S.B. McMahon, M. Koltzenburg (Eds.).
225. Moiseenkova V., Bell B., Motamedi M., Wozniak E., Christensen B. Wide-band spectral tuning of heat receptors in the pit organ of the copperhead snake (Crotalinae). Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2003, 284:R598-R606.
226. Molenaar G.J. The sensory trigeminal system of a snake in the possession of infrared receptors. I. The sensory trigeminal nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 1978, 179:123-135.
227. Molliver D.C., Snider W.D. Nerve growth factor receptor TrkA is down-regulated during postnatal development by a subset of dorsal root ganglion neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 381:428-438.
228. Moore C.I. Frequency-dependent processing in the vibrissa sensory system. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 91:2390-2399.
229. Mosconi T., Snider W.D., Jacquin M.F. Neurotrophin receptor expression in retrogradely labeled trigeminal nociceptors - comparisons with spinal nociceptors. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 2001, 18:312-321.
230. Mukasa T., Urase K., Momoi M.Y., Kimura I., Momoi T. Specific expression of CPP32 in sensory neurons of mouse embryos and activation of CPP32 in the apoptosis induced by a withdrawal of NGF. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1997, 231:770-774.
231. Muller L.J., Marfurt C.F., Kruse F., Tervo T.M. Corneal nerves: structure, contents and function. Exp. Eye Res. 2003, 76:521-542.
232. Nakamura K., Kaneko T., Yamashita Y., Hasegawa H., Katoh H., Negishi M. Immunohistochemical localization of prostaglandin EP3 receptor in the rat nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 2000, 421:543-569.
233. Nakaya Y., Kaneko T., Shigemoto R., Nakanishi S., Mizuno N. Immunohistochemical localization of substance P receptor in the central nervous system of the adult rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 347:249-274.
234. Nauta H.J., Wehman J.C., Koliatsos V.E., Terrell M.A., Chung K. Intraventricular infusion of nerve growth factor as the cause of sympathetic fiber sprouting in sensory ganglia. J. Neurosurg. 1999, 91:447-453.
235. Ndiaye A., Pinganaud G., Buisseret-Delmas C., Buisseret P., Vanderwerf F. Organization of trigeminocollicular connections and their relations to the sensory innervation of the eyelids in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 2002, 448:373-387.
236. Neuhuber W.L., Zenker W. Central distribution of cervical primary afferents in the rat, with emphasis on proprioceptive projections to vestibular, perihypoglossal, and upper thoracic spinal nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 280:231-253.
237. Nishimori T., Sera M., Suemune S., Yoshida A., Tsuru K., Tsuiki Y., Akisaka T., Okamoto T., Dateoka Y., Shigenaga Y. The distribution of muscle primary afferents from the masseter nerve to the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Brain Res. 1986, 372:375-381.
238. Noden D.M. Vertebrate craniofacial development: the relation between ontogenetic process and morphological outcome. Brain Behav. Evol. 1991, 38:190-225.
239. Nomura S., Itoh K., Sugimoto T., Yasui Y., Kamiya H., Mizuno N. Mystacial vibrissae representation within the trigeminal sensory nuclei of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 253:121-133.
240. Nurmikko T.J., Eldridge P.R. Trigeminal neuralgia - pathophysiology, diagnosis and current treatment. Br. J. Anaesth. 2001, 87:117-132.
241. Ohishi H., Neki A., Mizuno N. Distribution of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2, in the central nervous system of the rat and mouse: an immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody. Neurosci. Res. 1998, 30:65-82.
242. Okabe H., Okubo T., Adachi H., Ishikawa T., Ochi Y. Immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin in human embryonic neurons arising from placodes. Brain Dev. 1997, 19:347-352.
243. Okamoto K., Hirata H., Takeshita S., Bereiter D.A. Response properties of TMJ neurons in superficial laminae at the spinomedullary junction of female rats vary over the estrous cycle. J. Neurophysiol. 2003, 89:1467-1477.
244. Okuse K., Chaplan S.R., McMahon S.B., Luo Z.D., Calcutt N.A., Scott B.P., Akopian A.N., Wood J.N. Regulation of expression of the sensory neuron-specific sodium channel SNS in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 1997, 10:196-207.
245. Oliveras J.L., Maixner W., Dubner R., Bushnell M.C., Kenshalo D.R., Duncan G.H., Thomas D.A., Bates R. The medullary dorsal horn: a target for the expression of opiate effects on the perceived intensity of noxious heat. J. Neurosci. 1986, 6:3086-3093.
246. Olszewski J. On the anatomical and functional organization of the trigeminal nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1950, 92:401-413.
247. Pajot J., Ressot C., Ngom I., Woda A. Gonadectomy induces site-specific differences in nociception in rats. Pain 2003, 104:367-373.
248. Panneton W.M. Primary afferent projections from the upper respiratory tract in the muskrat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 308:51-65.
249. Panneton W.M., Burton H. Corneal and periocular representation within the trigeminal sensory complex in the cat studied with transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol. 1981, 199:327-344.
250. Panneton W.M., Burton H. Projections from the paratrigeminal nucleus and the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the peribrachial area in the cat. Neuroscience 1985, 15:779-797.
251. Panneton W.M., Johnson S.N., Christensen N.D. Trigeminal projections to the peribrachial region in the muskrat. Neuroscience 1994, 58:605-625.
252. Pappagallo M., Oaklander A.L., Quatrano-Piacentini A.L., Clark M.R., Raja S.N. Heterogenous patterns of sensory dysfunction in postherpetic neuralgia suggest multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. Anesthesiology 2000, 92:691-698.
253. Penfield W., Rasmussen T. The Cerebral Cortex of Man: a Clinical Study of Localization of Function 1950, Macmillan.
254. Petersen C.C. The barrel cortex - integrating molecular, cellular and systems physiology. Pflugers Arch. 2003, 447:126-134.
255. Petralia R.S., Yokotani N., Wenthold R.J. Light and electron microscope distribution of the NMDA receptor subunit NMDAR1 in the rat nervous system using a selective anti-peptide antibody. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14:667-696.
256. Pfaller K., Arvidsson J. Central distribution of trigeminal and upper cervical primary afferents in the rat studied by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 268:91-108.
257. Pfeiffer B., Buse E., Meyermann R., Hamprecht B. Immunocytochemical localization of glycogen phosphorylase in primary sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system of the rat. Histochem. Cell Biol. 1995, 103:69-74.
258. Pioro E.P., Cuello A.C. Distribution of nerve growth factor receptor-like immunoreactivity in the adult rat central nervous system. Effect of colchicine and correlation with the cholinergic system - II. Brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord. Neuroscience 1990, 34:89-110.
259. Pirker S., Schwarzer C., Wieselthaler A., Sieghart W., Sperk G. GABA(A) receptors: immunocytochemical distribution of 13 subunits in the adult rat brain. Neuroscience 2000, 101:815-850.
260. Potrebic S., Ahn A.H., Skinner K., Fields H.L., Basbaum A.I. Peptidergic nociceptors of both trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia express serotonin 1D receptors: implications for the selective antimigraine action of triptans. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:10988-10997.
261. Price D.D., Dubner R. Neurones that subserve the sensori-discriminative aspects of pain. Pain 1977, 3:307-338.
262. Price D.D., Dubner R., Hu J.W. Trigeminothalamic neurons in nucleus caudalis responsive to tactile, thermal, and nociceptive stimulation of monkey's face. J. Neurophysiol. 1976, 39:936-953.
263. Price D.D., Greenspan J.D., Dubner R. Neurons involved in the exteroceptive function of pain. Pain 2003, 106:215-219.
264. Proske U., Gregory J.E., Iggo A. Sensory receptors in monotremes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1998, 353:1187-1198.
265. Puri V., Cui L., Liverman C.S., Roby K.F., Klein R.M., Welch K.M., Berman N.E. Ovarian steroids regulate neuropeptides in the trigeminal ganglion. Neuropeptides 2005, 39:409-417.
266. Ramien M., Roucco I., Cuello A.C., Louis M.S., Ribeiro-da-Silva A. Parasympathetic nerve fibers invade the upper dermis following sensory denervation of the rat lower lip skin. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 469:83-95.
267. Randich A., Gebhart G.F. Vagal afferent modulation of nociception. Brain Res. Rev. 1992, 17:77-99.
268. Remple M.S., Henry E.C., Catania K.C. Organization of somatosensory cortex in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus): evidence for two lateral areas joined at the representation of the teeth. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 467:105-118.
269. Renehan W.E., Jacquin M.F. Anatomy of Central Nervous System Pathways Related to Head Pain. The Headaches 1993, 59-68. Raven. J. Olesen, P. Tfelt-Hansen, K. Welch (Eds.).
270. Reuss S. Trigeminal innervation of the mammalian pineal gland. Microsc. Res. Tech. 1999, 46:305-309.
271. Rodrigo J., Springall D.R., Uttenthal O., Bentura M.L., Abadia-Molina F., Riveros-Moreno V., Martinez-Murillo R., Polak J.M., Moncada S. Localization of nitric oxide synthase in the adult rat brain. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1994, 345:175-221.
272. Rodrigo J., Suburo A.M., Bentura M.L., Fernandez T., Nakade S., Mikoshiba K., Martinez-Murillo R., Polak J.M. Distribution of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, P400, in adult rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 337:493-517.
273. Roveroni R.C., Prada C.A., Cecilia M., Veiga F.A., Tambeli C.H. Development of a behavioral model of TMJ pain in rats: the TMJ formalin test. Pain 2001, 94:185-191.
274. Rozsa A.J., Beuerman R.W. Density and organization of free nerve endings in the corneal epithelium of the rabbit. Pain 1982, 14:105-120.
275. Ruan H.Z., Moules E., Burnstock G. Changes in P2X3 purinoceptors in sensory ganglia of the mouse during embryonic and postnatal development. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2004, 122:539-551.
276. Sandstedt P., Sorensen S. Neurosensory disturbances of the trigeminal nerve: a long-term follow-up of traumatic injuries. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1995, 53:498-505.
277. Sarlani E., Greenspan J.D. Evidence for generalized hyperalgesia in temporomandibular disorders patients. Pain 2003, 102:221-226.
278. Sarlani E., Greenspan J.D. Why look in the brain for answers to temporomandibular disorder pain?. Cells Tissues Organs 2005, 180:69-75.
279. Sarlani E., Schwartz A.H., Greenspan J.D., Grace E.G. Facial pain as first manifestation of lung cancer: a case of lung cancer-related cluster headache and a review of the literature. J. Orofac. Pain 2003, 17:262-267.
280. Saxon D.W., Hopkins D.A. Efferent and collateral organization of paratrigeminal nucleus projections: an anterograde and retrograde fluorescent tracer study in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 402:93-110.
281. Schaller B. Trigeminocardiac reflex. A clinical phenomenon or a new physiological entity?. J. Neurol. 2004, 251:658-665.
282. Schepelmann K., Ebersberger A., Pawlak M., Oppmann M., Messlinger K. Response properties of trigeminal brain stem neurons with input from dura mater encephali in the rat. Neuroscience 1999, 90:543-554.
283. Scholz J., Woolf C.J. Can we conquer pain?. Nat. Neurosci. 2002, 5:1062-1067.
284. Sessle B.J. Acute and chronic craniofacial pain: brainstem mechanisms of nociceptive transmission and neuroplasticity, and their clinical correlates. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 2000, 11:57-91.
285. Sessle B.J., Hu J.W., Dubner R., Lucier G.E. Functional properties of neurons in cat trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn). II. Modulation of responses to noxious and nonnoxious stimuli by periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus, cerebral cortex, and afferent influences, and effect of naloxone. J Neurophysiol. 1981, 45:193-207.
286. Shenker N., Haigh R., Roberts E., Mapp P., Harris N., Blake D. A review of contralateral responses to a unilateral inflammatory lesion. Rheumatology 2003, 42:1279-1286.
287. Shigenaga Y., Chen I.C., Suemune S., Nishimori T., Nasution I.D., Yoshida A., Sato H., Okamoto T., Sera M., Hosoi M. Oral and facial representation within the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horns in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 243:388-408.
288. Shigenaga Y., Nakatani Z., Nishimori T., Suemune S., Kuroda R., Matano S. The cells of origin of cat trigeminothalamic projections: especially in the caudal medulla. Brain Res. 1983, 277:20l-222.
289. Shigenaga Y., Okamoto T., Nishimori T., Suemune S., Nasution I.D., Chen I.C., Tsuru K., Yoshida A., Tabuchi K., Hosoi M., Tsuru H. Oral and facial representation in the trigeminal principal and rostral spinal nuclei of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 244:1-18.
290. Shigenaga Y., Sera M., Nishimori T., Suemune S., Nishimura M., Yoshida A., Tsuru K. The central projection of masticatory afferent fibers to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex and upper cervical spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 268:489-507.
291. Shigenaga Y., Suemune S., Nishimura M., Nishimori T., Sato H., Ishidori H., Yoshida A., Tsuru K., Tsuiki Y., Dakeoka Y., Nasution I.D., Hosoi M. Topographic representation of lower and upper teeth within the trigeminal sensory nuclei of adult cat as demonstrated by the transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 251:299-316.
292. Shughrue P.J., Lane M.V., Merchenthaler I. Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-a and -b mRNA in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 388:507-525.
293. Silverman J.D., Kruger L. Projections of the rat trigeminal sensory nuclear complex demonstrated by multiple fluorescent dye retrograde transport. Brain Res. 1985, 361:383-388.
294. Simonian S.X., Delaleu B., Caraty A., Herbison A.E. Estrogen receptor expression in brainstem noradrenergic neurons of the sheep. Neuroendocrinology 1998, 67:392-402.
295. Sjoqvist O. Studies on pain conduction in the trigeminal nerve. A contribution to the surgical treatment of facial pain. Acta Psychiat. Neurol. Scand. 1938, 1:1-139.
296. Sobreviela T., Clary D.O., Reichardt L.F., Brandabur M.M., Kordower J.H., Mufson E.J. TrkA-immunoreactive profiles in the central nervous system: colocalization with neurons containing p75 nerve growth factor receptor, choline acetyltransferase, and serotonin. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 350:587-611.
297. Son J.H., Min N., Joh T.H. Early ontogeny of catecholaminergic cell lineage in brain and peripheral neurons monitored by tyrosine hydroxylase-lacZ transgene. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 1996, 36:300-308.
298. Steinbusch H.W.M. Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat-cell bodies and terminals. Neuroscience 1981, 6:557-618.
299. Stenholm E., Bongenhielm U., Ahlquist M., Fried K. VRl- and VRL-l-like immunoreactivity in normal and injured trigeminal dental primary sensory neurons of the rat. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2002, 60:72-79.
300. Strack S., Wadzinski B.E., Ebner F.F. Localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in the hindbrain and spinal cord of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 375:66-76.
301. Strassman A.M., Vos B.P. Somatotopic and laminar organization of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the medullary and cervical dorsal horn induced by noxious facial stimulation in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 331:495-516.
302. Strassman A.M., Potrebic S., Maciewicz R.J. Anatomical properties of brainstem trigeminal neurons that respond to electrical stimulation of dural blood vessels. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 346:349-365.
303. Sugimoto T., Fujiyoshi Y., He Y.F., Xiao C., Ichikawa H. Trigeminal primary projection to the rat brain stem sensory trigeminal nuclear complex and surrounding structures revealed by anterograde transport of cholera toxin B subunit-conjugated and Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin B4-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. Neurosci. Res. 1997, 28:361-371.
304. Sugimoto T., Fujiyoshi Y., Xiao C., He Y.F., Ichikawa H. Central projection of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive trigeminal primary neurons in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 378:425-442.
305. Svensson P., Bjerring P., Arendt-Nielsen L., Kaaber S. Sensory and pain thresholds to orofacial argon laser stimulation in patients with chronic burning mouth syndrome. Clin. J. Pain 1993, 9:207-215.
306. Takemura M., Nagase Y., Yoshida A., Yasuda K., Kitamura S., Shigenaga Y., Matano S. The central projections of the monkey tooth pulp afferent neurons. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 1993, 10:217-227.
307. Takemura M., Sugimoto T., Sakai A. Topographic organization of central terminal region of different sensory branches of the rat mandibular nerve. Exp. Neurol. 1987, 96:540-557.
308. Takei M., Shiraiwa H., Azuma T., Hayashi Y., Seki N., Sawada S. The possible etiopathogenic genes of Sjogren's syndrome. Autoimmun. Rev. 2005, 4:479-484.
309. Tal M., Devor M. Ectopic discharge in injured nerves: comparison of trigeminal and somatic afferents. Brain Res. 1992, 579:148-151.
310. Talley E.M., Rosen D.I., Lee A., Guyenet P.G., Lynch K.R. Distribution of alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 372:111-134.
311. Tamura S., Morikawa Y., Miyajima A., Senba E. Expression of oncostatin M receptor beta in a specific subset of nociceptive sensory neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003, 17:2287-2298.
312. Tanimoto T., Takeda M., Matsumoto S. Suppressive effect of vagal afferents on cervical dorsal horn neurons responding to tooth pulp electrical stimulation in the rat. Exp. Brain Res. 2002, 145:468-479.
313. Tashiro T., Higo S., Matsuyama T. Soma size comparison of the trigeminal ganglion cells giving rise to the ascending and descending tracts: a horseradish peroxidase study in the cat. Exp. Neurol. 1984, 84:37-46.
314. Tatehata T., Shiosaka S., Wanaka A., Rao Z.R., Tohyama M. Immunocytochemical localization of the choline acetyltransferase containing neuron system in the rat lower brain stem. J. Hirnforsch. 1987, 28:707-716.
315. Tenenbaum H.C., Mock D., Gordan A.S., Goldberg M.B., Grossi M.L., Locker D., Davis K.D. Sensory and affective components of orofacial pain: is it all in your brain?. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 2001, 12:455-468.
316. Thackray A.M., Field H.J. Differential effects of famciclovir and valaciclovir on the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus in a murine infection model including reactivation from latency. J. Infect. Dis. 1996, 173:291-299.
317. Thor K.B., Blitz-Siebert A., Helke C.J. Autoradiographic localization of 5HT1 binding sites in the medulla oblongata of the rat. Synapse 1992, 10:185-205.
318. Toda K., Ishii N., Nakamura Y. Characteristics of mucosal nociceptors in the rat oral cavity: an in vitro study. Neurosci. Lett. 1997, 228:95-98.
319. Treede R.D., Meyer R.A., Raja S.N., Campbell J.N. Peripheral and central mechanisms of cutaneous hyperalgesia. Prog. Neurobiol. 1992, 38:397-421.
320. Trowbridge H.O., Franks M., Korostoff E., Emling R. Sensory response to thermal stimulation in human teeth. J. Endod. 1980, 6:405-412.
321. Trulsson M., Johansson R.S. Orofacial mechanoreceptors in humans: encoding characteristics and responses during natural orofacial behaviors. Behav. Brain Res. 2002, 135:27-33.
322. Tsuzuki K., Fukuoka T., Sakagami M., Noguchi K. Increase of preprotachykinin mRNA in the uninjured mandibular neurons after rat infraorbital nerve transection. Neurosci. Lett. 2003, 345:57-60.
323. Tsuzuki K., Kondo E., Fukuoka T., Yi D., Tsujino H., Sakagami M., Noguchi K. Differential regulation of P2X(3) mRNA expression by peripheral nerve injury in intact and injured neurons in the rat sensory ganglia. Pain 2001, 91:351-360.
324. Van Bijsterveld O.P., Kruize A.A., Bleys R.L. Central nervous system mechanisms in Sjogren's syndrome. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2003, 87:128-130.
325. Van Ham J.J., Yeo C.H. Somatosensory trigeminal projections to the inferior olive, cerebellum and other precerebellar nuclei in rabbits. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1992, 4:302-317.
326. Vass Z., Shore S.E., Nuttall A.L., Jansco G., Brechtelsbauer P.B., Miller J.M. Trigeminal ganglion innervation of the cochlea - a retrograde transport study. Neuroscience 1997, 79:605-615.
327. Veinante P., Jacquin M.F., Deschenesm M. Thalamic projections from the whisker-sensitive regions of the spinal trigeminal complex in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 2000, 420:233-243.
328. Verge V.M., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Hokfelt T. Cholecystokinin in mammalian primary sensory neurons and spinal cord: in situ hybridization studies in rat and monkey. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1993, 5:240-250.
329. Villar M.J., Cortes R., Theodorsson E., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Schalling M., Fahrenkrug J., Emson P.C., Hokfelt T. Neuropeptide expression in rat dorsal root ganglion cells and spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury with special reference to galanin. Neuroscience 1989, 33:587-604.
330. Vos B.P., Strassman A.M., Maciewicz R.J. Behavioral evidence of trigeminal neuropathic pain following chronic constriction injury to the rat's infraorbital nerve. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14:2708-2723.
331. Wall P.D. On the relation of injury to pain. Pain 1979, 6:253-264.
332. Wanaka A., Milbrandt J., Johnson E.M. Expression of FGF receptor gene in rat development. Development 1991, 111:455-468.
333. Wang H., Rivero-Melian C., Robertson B., Grant G. Transganglionic transport and binding of the isolectin B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia I in rat primary sensory neurons. Neuroscience 1994, 62:539-551.
334. Wasner G., Backonja M.M., Baron R. Traumatic neuralgias: complex regional pain syndromes (reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia): clinical characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms and therapy. Neurol. Clin. 1998, 16:851-868.
335. Welker C. Microelectrode delineation of fine grain somatotopic organization of (SmI) cerebral neocortex in albino rat. Brain Res. 1971, 26:259-275.
336. Wessman M., Kaunisto M.A., Kallela M., Palotie A. The molecular genetics of migraine. Ann. Med. 2004, 36:462-473.
337. Westlund K.N., Craig A.D. Association of spinal lamina I projections with brainstem catecholamine neurons in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 1996, 110:151-162.
338. Whitehead M.C., Ganchrow J.R., Ganchrow D., Yao B. Organization of geniculate and trigeminal ganglion cells innervating single fungiform taste papillae: a study with tetramethylrhodamine dextran amine labeling. Neuroscience 1999, 93:931-941.
339. Wiberg M., Westman J., Blomqvist A. The projection to the mesencephalon from the sensory trigeminal nuclei. An anatomical study in the cat. Brain Res. 1986, 399:51-68.
340. Wolf E., Petersson K., Petersson A., Nilner M. Long-lasting orofacial pain - a study of 109 consecutive patients referred to a pain group. Swed. Dent. J. 2001, 25:129-136.
341. Wood J.N., Boorman J.P., Okuse K., Baker M.D. Voltage-gated sodium channels and pain pathways. J. Neurobiol. 2004, 61:55-71.
342. Woolf C.J., Salter M.W. Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science 2000, 288:1765-1768.
343. Xiang Z., Bo X., Burnstock G. Localization of ATP-gated P2X receptor immunoreactivity in rat sensory and sympathetic ganglia. Neurosci. Lett. 1998, 256:105-108.
344. Yan Q., Radeke M.J., Matheson C.R., Talvenheimo J., Welcher A.A., Feinstein S.C. Immunocytochemical localization of TrkB in the central nervous system of the adult rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 378:135-157.
345. Yatim N., Billig I., Compoint C., Buisseret P., Buisseret-Delmas C. Trigeminocerebellar and trigemino-olivary projections in rats. Neurosci. Res. 1996, 25:267-283.
346. Yazdani C., McLaughlin T., Smeeding J.E., Walt J. Prevalence of treated dry eye disease in a managed care population. Clin. Ther. 2001, 23:1672-1682.
347. Yoshida A., Dostrovsky J.O., Sessle B.J., Chiang C.Y. Trigeminal projections to the nucleus submedius of the thalamus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 307:609-625.
348. Yoshimura N., White G., Weight F.F., de Groat W.C. Patch-clamp recordings from subpopulations of autonomic and afferent neurons identified by axonal tracing techniques. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1994, 49:85-92.
349. Young R.F., King R.B. Fiber spectrum of the trigeminal sensory root of the baboon determined by electron microscopy. J. Neurosurg. 1973, 38:65-71.
350. Young R.F., Perryman K.M. Pathways for orofacial pain sensation in the trigeminal brain-stem nuclear complex of the Macaque monkey. J. Neurosurg. 1984, 61:563-568.
351. Zerari-Mailly F., Buisseret-Delmas P., Nosjean A. Trigemino-solitarii-facial pathway in rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 2005, 487:176-189.
352. Zhang X., Ji R.R., Arvidsson J., Lundberg J.M., Bartfai T., Bedecs K., Hokfelt T. Expression of peptides, nitric oxide synthase and NPY receptor in trigeminal and nodose ganglia after nerve lesions. Exp. Brain Res. 1996, 111:393-404.
353. Arvidsson J., Rice F.L. Central projections of primary sensory neurons innervating different parts of the vibrissae follicles and intervibrissal skin on the mystacial pad of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 309:1-16.
354. Crockett D.P., Wang L., Zhang R.X., Egger M.D. Distribution of the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75) in the developing trigeminal brainstem complex in the rat. Anat. Rec. 1999, 254:549-565.
355. Darian-Smith I. The Trigeminal System. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol. 2 Somatosensory System 1973, 271-314. Springer. A. Iggo (Ed.).
356. Hummel T. Oral mucosal blood flow in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Pain 2001, 90:281-286.
357. Kawabata A., Feil K., Gordan B.D., Herbert H., Bandler R. Spinal afferents to functionally distinct periaqueductal gray columns in the rat: an anterograde and retrograde tracing study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 385:207-229.
358. Lima D., Mendes-Ribeiro J.A., Combra A. The spino-latero-reticular system of the rat: Projections from the superficial dorsal horn and structural characterization of marginal neurons involved. Neuroscience 1991, 45:137-152.
359. Luo P., Dessem D. Inputs from identified jaw-muscle spindle afferents to trigeminothalamic neurons in the rat: a double-labeling study using retrograde HRP and intracellular biotinamide. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 353:50-66.
360. Panneton W.M., Klein B.G., Jacquin M.F. Trigeminal projections to contralateral dorsal horn originate in midline hairy skin. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1991, 8:165-173.
361. Pedersen J., Reddy H., Funch-Jensen P., Arendt-Nielsen L., Gregersen H., Drewes A.M. Differences between male and female responses to painful thermal and mechanical stimulation of the human esophagus. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2004, 49:1065-1074.
362. Rasmussen B.K. Migraine and tension-type headache in a general population: precipitating factors, female hormones, sleep pattern and relation to lifestyle. Pain 1993, 53:65-72.
363. Rasmussen B.K. Epidemiology of headache. Cephalalgia 2001, 21:774-777.
364. Sessle B.J., Hu J.W. Raphe-induced suppression of the jaw-opening reflex and single neurons in trigeminal subnucleus oralis, and influence of naloxone and subnucleus caudalis. Pain 1981, 10:19-36.
365. Shigenaga Y., Nishimura M., Suemune S., Nishimori T., Doe K., Tsuru H. Somatotopic organization of tooth pulp primary afferent neurons in the cat. Brain Res. 1989, 477:66-89.
366. Wiberg M., Westman J., Blomqvist A. Somatosensory projection to the mesencephalon: an anatomical study in the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 264:92-117.
367. Willis W.D., Zhang X., Honda C.N., Giesler G.J. Projections from the marginal zone and deep dorsal horn to the ventrobasal nuclei of the primate thalamus. Pain 2001, 92:267-276.
368. Yoshida A., Dostrovsky J.O., Chiang C.Y. The afferent and efferent connections of the nucleus submedius in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1992, 324:115-133.