메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 129,III-157,III

Sex-specific Physiology and its Implications for the Cost of Reproduction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84882352002     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012088386-8/50005-3     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (57)

References (129)
  • 2
    • 0024188258 scopus 로고
    • Sexual differences in biomass and nutrient allocation in the dioecious Rubus chamaemorus
    • J. gren (1988) Sexual differences in biomass and nutrient allocation in the dioecious Rubus chamaemorus. Ecology 69 962-973.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 962-973
    • gren, J.1
  • 4
    • 0000563349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neither vegetative nor reproductive advantages account for high frequency of male-steriles in southern Spanish gynodioecious Daphne laureola (Thymelaeaceae)
    • C. Alonso and C.M. Herrera (2001) Neither vegetative nor reproductive advantages account for high frequency of male-steriles in southern Spanish gynodioecious Daphne laureola (Thymelaeaceae). American Journal of Botany 88 1016-1024.
    • (2001) American Journal of Botany , vol.88 , pp. 1016-1024
    • Alonso, C.1    Herrera, C.M.2
  • 5
    • 0027144375 scopus 로고
    • Pollination biology and sexual differentiation of Osyris alba (Santalaceae) in the Mediterranean region
    • G. Aronne, C.C. Wilcock and P. Pizzolongo (1993) Pollination biology and sexual differentiation of Osyris alba (Santalaceae) in the Mediterranean region. Plant Systematics and Evolution 188 1-16.
    • (1993) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.188 , pp. 1-16
    • Aronne, G.1    Wilcock, C.C.2    Pizzolongo, P.3
  • 6
    • 0035019715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern and process: evidence for the evolution of photo-synthetic traits in natural populations
    • A.M. Arntz and L.F. Delph (2001) Pattern and process: evidence for the evolution of photo-synthetic traits in natural populations. Oecologia 127 455-467.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , pp. 455-467
    • Arntz, A.M.1    Delph, L.F.2
  • 7
    • 0036292688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial adjustments in allocation to reproduction: effects of photosynthetic genotype
    • A.M. Arntz, E.M. Vozar and L.E. Delph (2002) Serial adjustments in allocation to reproduction: effects of photosynthetic genotype. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163 591-597.
    • (2002) International Journal of Plant Sciences , vol.163 , pp. 591-597
    • Arntz, A.M.1    Vozar, E.M.2    Delph, L.E.3
  • 8
    • 0012404411 scopus 로고
    • The factors governing the maintenance of gynodioecy in Sidalcea oregana spp. spicata (malvacaea)
    • Davis, CA: University of California
    • T.-L. Ashman (1991) The factors governing the maintenance of gynodioecy in Sidalcea oregana spp. spicata (malvacaea). Ph.D. dissertation Davis, CA: University of California
    • (1991) Ph.D. dissertation
    • Ashman, T.-L.1
  • 9
    • 0028011480 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive allocation in hermaphrodite and female plants of Sidalcea oregana ssp. spicata (Malvaceae) using four currencies
    • T.-L. Ashman (1994) Reproductive allocation in hermaphrodite and female plants of Sidalcea oregana ssp. spicata (Malvaceae) using four currencies. American Journal of Botany 81 433-438.
    • (1994) American Journal of Botany , vol.81 , pp. 433-438
    • Ashman, T.-L.1
  • 10
    • 0028161529 scopus 로고
    • A dynamic prespective on the physiological cost of reproduction in plants
    • T.-L. Ashman (1994) A dynamic prespective on the physiological cost of reproduction in plants. American Naturalist 144 300-316.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.144 , pp. 300-316
    • Ashman, T.-L.1
  • 11
    • 0032992670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of sex allocation in a gynodioecious wild straweberry: implications for the evolution of dioecy and sexual dimorphism
    • T.-L. Ashman (1999) Determinants of sex allocation in a gynodioecious wild straweberry: implications for the evolution of dioecy and sexual dimorphism. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12 648-661.
    • (1999) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.12 , pp. 648-661
    • Ashman, T.-L.1
  • 12
    • 0037633166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of herbivores in the evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism
    • T.-L. Ashman (2002) The role of herbivores in the evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism. Ecology 83 1175-1184.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1175-1184
    • Ashman, T.-L.1
  • 13
    • 0141427882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the evolution of males and sexual dimorphism: Field estimates of genetic architecture of reproductive traits in three populations of gynodioecious Fragaria virginiana
    • T.-L. Ashman (2003) Constraints on the evolution of males and sexual dimorphism: Field estimates of genetic architecture of reproductive traits in three populations of gynodioecious Fragaria virginiana. Evolution 57(9), 2012-2025.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , Issue.9 , pp. 2012-2025
    • Ashman, T.-L.1
  • 14
    • 5344224119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-differential resistance and tolerance to herbivory in a gynodioecious wild strawberry: Implications for floral and sexual system evolution
    • T.-L. Ashman, D. Cole and M. Bradburn (2004) Sex-differential resistance and tolerance to herbivory in a gynodioecious wild strawberry: Implications for floral and sexual system evolution. Ecology 85 2550-2559.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 2550-2559
    • Ashman, T.-L.1    Cole, D.2    Bradburn, M.3
  • 15
    • 0026021605 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in pollination dynamics of sexually dimorphic Sidalcea oregana ssp. spicata (Malvaceae)
    • T.-L. Ashman and M.L. Stanton (1991) Seasonal variation in pollination dynamics of sexually dimorphic Sidalcea oregana ssp. spicata (Malvaceae). Ecology 72 993-1003.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 993-1003
    • Ashman, T.-L.1    Stanton, M.L.2
  • 16
    • 0028163372 scopus 로고
    • How long should flowers live?
    • T.-L. Ashman and D.J. Schoen (1994) How long should flowers live? Nature 371 788-791.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 788-791
    • Ashman, T.-L.1    Schoen, D.J.2
  • 17
    • 0030614014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of floral longevity in Clarkia tembloriensis: An experimental investigation
    • T.-L. Ashman and D.J. Schoen (1997) The cost of floral longevity in Clarkia tembloriensis: An experimental investigation. Evolutionary Ecology 11 289-300.
    • (1997) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 289-300
    • Ashman, T.-L.1    Schoen, D.J.2
  • 19
    • 36849154599 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the reproductive effort by photosynthesis of flowers and fruits
    • F.A. Bazzaz, R.W. Carlson and J.L. Harper (1979) Contribution to the reproductive effort by photosynthesis of flowers and fruits. Nature 279 554-555.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.279 , pp. 554-555
    • Bazzaz, F.A.1    Carlson, R.W.2    Harper, J.L.3
  • 20
    • 0024903727 scopus 로고
    • An example of nonequilibrium processes: gynodioecy of Thymus vulgaris L. in burned habitats
    • E. Belhassen, L. Trabaud, D. Couvet and P.H. Gouyon (1989) An example of nonequilibrium processes: gynodioecy of Thymus vulgaris L. in burned habitats. Evolution 43 662-667.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 662-667
    • Belhassen, E.1    Trabaud, L.2    Couvet, D.3    Gouyon, P.H.4
  • 21
    • 0027800711 scopus 로고
    • Sex-biased herbivory in Ephedra trifurca: the importance of sex-by-environment interactions
    • W.J. Boecklen and M.T. Hoffman (1993) Sex-biased herbivory in Ephedra trifurca: the importance of sex-by-environment interactions. Oecologia 96 49-55.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.96 , pp. 49-55
    • Boecklen, W.J.1    Hoffman, M.T.2
  • 23
    • 0030427204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of gender and plant architechture on allocation to flowers in dioecious Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae)
    • S.B. Carroll and L.F. Delph (1996) The effects of gender and plant architechture on allocation to flowers in dioecious Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 157 493-500.
    • (1996) International Journal of Plant Sciences , vol.157 , pp. 493-500
    • Carroll, S.B.1    Delph, L.F.2
  • 24
    • 0038581844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-specific floral and physiological traits: implications for the maintenance of females in gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica
    • C.M. Caruso, H. Maherali and R.B. Jackson (2003) Gender-specific floral and physiological traits: implications for the maintenance of females in gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica. Oecologia 135 524-531.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , pp. 524-531
    • Caruso, C.M.1    Maherali, H.2    Jackson, R.B.3
  • 25
    • 0034799869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological differentiation of combined and separate sexes of Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae) in sympatry
    • A.L. Case and S.C.H. Barett (2001) Ecological differentiation of combined and separate sexes of Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae) in sympatry. Ecology 82 2601-2616.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 2601-2616
    • Case, A.L.1    Barett, S.C.H.2
  • 26
    • 0002880368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theories of the evolution of dioecy
    • M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • D. Charlesworth (1999) Theories of the evolution of dioecy. M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants New York: Springer-Verlag 33-60.
    • (1999) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants , pp. 33-60
    • Charlesworth, D.1
  • 28
    • 0026379503 scopus 로고
    • Why some fruits are green when they are ripe—carbon balance in freshy fruits
    • M.L. Cipollini and D.J. Levey (1991) Why some fruits are green when they are ripe—carbon balance in freshy fruits. Oecologia 88 371-377.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.88 , pp. 371-377
    • Cipollini, M.L.1    Levey, D.J.2
  • 29
    • 0026001827 scopus 로고
    • Costs of reproduction in Nyssa sylvatica: sexual dimorphism in reproductive frequency and nutrient flux
    • M.L. Cipollini and E.W. Stiles (1991) Costs of reproduction in Nyssa sylvatica: sexual dimorphism in reproductive frequency and nutrient flux. Oecologia 86 585-593.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 585-593
    • Cipollini, M.L.1    Stiles, E.W.2
  • 30
    • 0001602058 scopus 로고
    • Bredding systems in Cortaderia (Gramineae)
    • H.E. Connor (1973) Bredding systems in Cortaderia (Gramineae). Evolution 27 663-678.
    • (1973) Evolution , vol.27 , pp. 663-678
    • Connor, H.E.1
  • 31
    • 0034486569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecophysiological differences between male and female plants of Pistacia lentiscus L
    • O. Correia and M.C. Diaz Barradas (2000) Ecophysiological differences between male and female plants of Pistacia lentiscus L. Plant Ecology 149 131-142.
    • (2000) Plant Ecology , vol.149 , pp. 131-142
    • Correia, O.1    Diaz Barradas, M.C.2
  • 32
    • 0021085441 scopus 로고
    • Female predominat sex ratios and physiological differentiation in arctic willows
    • R.M.M. Crawford and J. Balfour (1983) Female predominat sex ratios and physiological differentiation in arctic willows. Journal of Ecology 71 419.
    • (1983) Journal of Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 419
    • Crawford, R.M.M.1    Balfour, J.2
  • 33
    • 0025226488 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and physiological overlap of three co-occurring alpine willows
    • T.E. Dawson (1990) Spatial and physiological overlap of three co-occurring alpine willows. Functional Ecology 4 13-25.
    • (1990) Functional Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 13-25
    • Dawson, T.E.1
  • 34
    • 0024931019 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of water use and the tissue water relations in the dioecious shrub, Salix artica: the physiological basis for habitat partitioning between the sexes
    • T.E. Dawson and L.C. Bliss (1989) Patterns of water use and the tissue water relations in the dioecious shrub, Salix artica: the physiological basis for habitat partitioning between the sexes. Oecologia 79 332-343.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.79 , pp. 332-343
    • Dawson, T.E.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 35
    • 0000147641 scopus 로고
    • Plants as mosaics: leaf-, ramet-, and gender-level variation in the physiology of the dwarf willow, Salix arctica
    • T.E. Dawson and L.C. Bliss (1993) Plants as mosaics: leaf-, ramet-, and gender-level variation in the physiology of the dwarf willow, Salix arctica. Functional Ecology 7 293-304.
    • (1993) Functional Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 293-304
    • Dawson, T.E.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 36
    • 0027527996 scopus 로고
    • Gender-specific physiology, carbon isotope discrimination, and habitat distribution in boxelder, Acer negundo
    • T.E. Dawson and J.R. Ehleringer (1993) Gender-specific physiology, carbon isotope discrimination, and habitat distribution in boxelder, Acer negundo. Ecology 74 798-815.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 798-815
    • Dawson, T.E.1    Ehleringer, J.R.2
  • 37
    • 0002004789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimorphism in physiology and morphology
    • M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • L.E. Dawson and M.A. Geber (1999) Dimorphism in physiology and morphology. M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants New York: Springer-Verlag 175-215.
    • (1999) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants , pp. 175-215
    • Dawson, L.E.1    Geber, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 0025594379 scopus 로고
    • Sex differential resource allocation patterns in the subdioecious shrub Hebe subalpina
    • L.F. Delph (1990) Sex differential resource allocation patterns in the subdioecious shrub Hebe subalpina. Ecology 71 1342-1351.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1342-1351
    • Delph, L.F.1
  • 40
    • 0003005296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in life history
    • M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • L.E. Delph (1999) Sexual dimorphism in life history. M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants New York: Springer-Verlag 149-173.
    • (1999) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants , pp. 149-173
    • Delph, L.E.1
  • 41
    • 0037270026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in gender plasticity and its consequences for breeding system evolution
    • L.F. Delph (2003) Sexual dimorphism in gender plasticity and its consequences for breeding system evolution. Evolution and Development 5 34-39.
    • (2003) Evolution and Development , vol.5 , pp. 34-39
    • Delph, L.F.1
  • 42
    • 5344256949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic constraints on floral evolution in a sexually dimorphic plant revealed by artificial selection
    • L.F. Delph, J.L. Gehring, F.M. Frey, A.M. Arntz and M. Levri (2004) Genetic constraints on floral evolution in a sexually dimorphic plant revealed by artificial selection. Evolution 58 1936-1946.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 1936-1946
    • Delph, L.F.1    Gehring, J.L.2    Frey, F.M.3    Arntz, A.M.4    Levri, M.5
  • 43
    • 0029666879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response to differing selection on plant physiological traits: Evidence for local adaptation
    • S.A. Dudley (1996) The response to differing selection on plant physiological traits: Evidence for local adaptation. Evolution 50 103-110.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 103-110
    • Dudley, S.A.1
  • 44
    • 0027047128 scopus 로고
    • Resource compensation and the evolution of gynodioecy in Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae)
    • V.M. Eckhart (1992) Resource compensation and the evolution of gynodioecy in Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae). Evolution 46 1313-1328.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1313-1328
    • Eckhart, V.M.1
  • 45
    • 38248999917 scopus 로고
    • Do hermaphrodites of gynodioecious Phacelial linearis (Hydrophyllaceae) trade off seed production to atract pollinators?
    • V.M. Eckhart (1993) Do hermaphrodites of gynodioecious Phacelial linearis (Hydrophyllaceae) trade off seed production to atract pollinators? Biol J Linn Soc 50 47-63.
    • (1993) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.50 , pp. 47-63
    • Eckhart, V.M.1
  • 46
    • 0003346557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in flowers and inflorescences
    • M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • V.M. Eckhart (1999) Sexual dimorphism in flowers and inflorescences. M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants New York: Springer-Verlag 123-148.
    • (1999) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants , pp. 123-148
    • Eckhart, V.M.1
  • 47
    • 0031406077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient sensitivity of the cost of male function in gynodioecious Phacelia linearis
    • V.M. Eckhart and F.S. Chapin (1997) Nutrient sensitivity of the cost of male function in gynodioecious Phacelia linearis. American Journal of Botany 84 1092-1098.
    • (1997) American Journal of Botany , vol.84 , pp. 1092-1098
    • Eckhart, V.M.1    Chapin, F.S.2
  • 48
    • 0002038588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenological and developmental costs of male sex function in hermaphroditic plants
    • T.O. Vuorisalo, P.K. Mutikainen,(Eds), Dordrecht: Kluwer
    • V.M. Eckhart and J. Seger (1999) Phenological and developmental costs of male sex function in hermaphroditic plants. T.O. Vuorisalo, P.K. Mutikainen,(Eds) Life History Evolution in Plants Dordrecht: Kluwer 195-213.
    • (1999) Life History Evolution in Plants , pp. 195-213
    • Eckhart, V.M.1    Seger, J.2
  • 49
    • 0035026665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Storage and the delayed costs of reproduction in the understorey perennial Lathyrus vernus
    • J. Ehrlen and J. van Goenendael (2001) Storage and the delayed costs of reproduction in the understorey perennial Lathyrus vernus. Journal of Ecology 89 237-246.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 237-246
    • Ehrlen, J.1    van Goenendael, J.2
  • 50
    • 0037243840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual differences in reproductive phenology and their consequences for the demography of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), a dioecious trophical shrub
    • M.M. Espírito-Santo, B.G. Madeira, F.S. Neves, M.L. Faria, M. Fagundes and G. Wilson Fernandes (2003) Sexual differences in reproductive phenology and their consequences for the demography of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), a dioecious trophical shrub. Annals of Botany 91 13-19.
    • (2003) Annals of Botany , vol.91 , pp. 13-19
    • Espírito-Santo, M.M.1    Madeira, B.G.2    Neves, F.S.3    Faria, M.L.4    Fagundes, M.5    Wilson Fernandes, G.6
  • 51
    • 0001050792 scopus 로고
    • Whole-plant responses of Brassica ampestris, (Cruciferae) to altered sink-source relations
    • A.S. Evans (1991) Whole-plant responses of Brassica ampestris, (Cruciferae) to altered sink-source relations. American Journal of Botany 78 394-400.
    • (1991) American Journal of Botany , vol.78 , pp. 394-400
    • Evans, A.S.1
  • 54
    • 0027132799 scopus 로고
    • Sink strength: what is it and how do we measure it?
    • J.F. Farrar (1993) Sink strength: what is it and how do we measure it? Plant Cell and Environment 16 1013-1046.
    • (1993) Plant Cell and Environment , vol.16 , pp. 1013-1046
    • Farrar, J.F.1
  • 55
    • 0028161731 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology and relative male and female fitnes in a trioecious cactus, Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)
    • T.H. Fleming, S. Maurice, S.L. Buchmann and M.D. Tuttle (1994) Reproductive biology and relative male and female fitnes in a trioecious cactus, Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae). American Journal of Botany 81 858-867.
    • (1994) American Journal of Botany , vol.81 , pp. 858-867
    • Fleming, T.H.1    Maurice, S.2    Buchmann, S.L.3    Tuttle, M.D.4
  • 56
    • 0000337018 scopus 로고
    • Habitat assortment of sexes and water balance in a dioecious grass
    • J.E. Fox and A.T. Harrison (1981) Habitat assortment of sexes and water balance in a dioecious grass. Oecologia 49 233-235.
    • (1981) Oecologia , vol.49 , pp. 233-235
    • Fox, J.E.1    Harrison, A.T.2
  • 57
    • 0020450823 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of twig water stress between males and females of six species of desert shrubs
    • D.C. Freeman and E.D. McArthur (1982) A comparison of twig water stress between males and females of six species of desert shrubs. Forest Science 28 304-308.
    • (1982) Forest Science , vol.28 , pp. 304-308
    • Freeman, D.C.1    McArthur, E.D.2
  • 58
    • 0001413123 scopus 로고
    • Differential resource utilization by the sexes of dioecious plants
    • D.C. Freeman, L.G. Kliokoff and K.T. Harper (1976) Differential resource utilization by the sexes of dioecious plants. Science 193 597-599.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 597-599
    • Freeman, D.C.1    Kliokoff, L.G.2    Harper, K.T.3
  • 59
    • 0027707396 scopus 로고
    • Cost of reproduction in Polemonium viscosum — phenotypic and genetic approaches
    • C. Galen (1993) Cost of reproduction in Polemonium viscosum — phenotypic and genetic approaches. Evolution 47 1073-1079.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Galen, C.1
  • 60
    • 0001372140 scopus 로고
    • Carpels as leaves — meeting the carbon cost of reproduction in an alphine buttercup
    • C. Galen, T.E. Dawson and M.L. Stanton (1993) Carpels as leaves — meeting the carbon cost of reproduction in an alphine buttercup. Oecologia 95 187-193.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.95 , pp. 187-193
    • Galen, C.1    Dawson, T.E.2    Stanton, M.L.3
  • 61
    • 0032945591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are flowers physiological sinks or faucets? Costs and correlates of water use by flowers of Polemonium viscosum
    • C. Galen, R.A. Sherry and A.B. Carroll (1999) Are flowers physiological sinks or faucets? Costs and correlates of water use by flowers of Polemonium viscosum. Oecologia 118 461-470.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.118 , pp. 461-470
    • Galen, C.1    Sherry, R.A.2    Carroll, A.B.3
  • 62
    • 0030942207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in stomatal and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis in the annual plant, Polygonum arenastrum
    • M.A. Geber and T.E. Dawson (1997) Genetic variation in stomatal and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis in the annual plant, Polygonum arenastrum. Oecologia 190 535-546.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.190 , pp. 535-546
    • Geber, M.A.1    Dawson, T.E.2
  • 64
    • 0027948681 scopus 로고
    • Sexual differences in gas exchange and response to environmental stress in dioecious Silenes latifolia (Caryophyllaceae)
    • J.L. Gehring and R.K. Monson (1994) Sexual differences in gas exchange and response to environmental stress in dioecious Silenes latifolia (Caryophyllaceae). American Journal of Botany 81 166-174.
    • (1994) American Journal of Botany , vol.81 , pp. 166-174
    • Gehring, J.L.1    Monson, R.K.2
  • 66
    • 0032941664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual differences in biomass and nutrient allocation of first-year Silene dioica plants
    • A.M. Hemborg and P.S. Karlsson (1999) Sexual differences in biomass and nutrient allocation of first-year Silene dioica plants. Oecologia 118(4), 453-460.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.118 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-460
    • Hemborg, A.M.1    Karlsson, P.S.2
  • 68
    • 0005825384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal by vertebrates
    • C.M. Herrera, O. Pellmyr,(Eds), Malden, MA: Blackwell Science Ltd.
    • C.M. Herrera (2002) Seed dispersal by vertebrates. C.M. Herrera, O. Pellmyr,(Eds) Plant-Animal Interaction: An Evolutionary Approach Malden, MA: Blackwell Science Ltd. 185-208.
    • (2002) Plant-Animal Interaction: An Evolutionary Approach , pp. 185-208
    • Herrera, C.M.1
  • 69
    • 0032434954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflorescence photo-synthesis and investments in reproduction in the dioecous species Aciphylla glaucescens (Apiaceae)
    • K.P. Hogan, M.B. García, J.M. Cheeseman and M.D. Loveless (1998) Inflorescence photo-synthesis and investments in reproduction in the dioecous species Aciphylla glaucescens (Apiaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 36 653-660.
    • (1998) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.36 , pp. 653-660
    • Hogan, K.P.1    García, M.B.2    Cheeseman, J.M.3    Loveless, M.D.4
  • 70
    • 0003854537 scopus 로고
    • Gynodioecy as a possible population strategy for increasing reproductive output
    • A. Horovitz (1980) Gynodioecy as a possible population strategy for increasing reproductive output. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 57 11-15.
    • (1980) Theoretical and Applied Genetics , vol.57 , pp. 11-15
    • Horovitz, A.1
  • 71
    • 0027062173 scopus 로고
    • Water stress effects on successional populations of the dioecius herb, Rumex acetosella L
    • C. Houssard, J. Escarre and N. Vartanian (1992) Water stress effects on successional populations of the dioecius herb, Rumex acetosella L. New Phytologist 120 551-559.
    • (1992) New Phytologist , vol.120 , pp. 551-559
    • Houssard, C.1    Escarre, J.2    Vartanian, N.3
  • 72
    • 0028179922 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the evolutionary consequences of greater reproductive effort in Tripsacum dactyloides a perennial grass
    • L.L. Jackson and C.L. Dewald (1994) Predicting the evolutionary consequences of greater reproductive effort in Tripsacum dactyloides a perennial grass. Ecology 75 627-641.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 627-641
    • Jackson, L.L.1    Dewald, C.L.2
  • 73
    • 0030617585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C
    • S. Jonasson, H. Medrano and J. Flexas (1997) Variation in leaf longevity of Pistacia lentiscus and its relationship to sex and drought stress inferred from leaf δ13C. Functional Ecology 11 282-289.
    • (1997) Functional Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 282-289
    • Jonasson, S.1    Medrano, H.2    Flexas, J.3
  • 74
    • 0035161446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetative and reproductive variation among unisexual and hermaphroditic individuals of Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae)
    • A. Jones and M. Burd (2001) Vegetative and reproductive variation among unisexual and hermaphroditic individuals of Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 49 603-609.
    • (2001) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.49 , pp. 603-609
    • Jones, A.1    Burd, M.2
  • 75
    • 0032713872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex- and habitat-specific responses of a high arctic willow, Salix arctica, to experimental climate change
    • M.H. Jones, S.E. Macdonald and G.H.R. Henry (1999) Sex- and habitat-specific responses of a high arctic willow, Salix arctica, to experimental climate change. Oikos 87 129-138.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.87 , pp. 129-138
    • Jones, M.H.1    Macdonald, S.E.2    Henry, G.H.R.3
  • 76
    • 0000199816 scopus 로고
    • Fruits and frugivory
    • M. Fenner,(Eds), Wallingford: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International
    • P. Jordano (1992) Fruits and frugivory. M. Fenner,(Eds) Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities Wallingford: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International 105-156.
    • (1992) Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities , pp. 105-156
    • Jordano, P.1
  • 77
    • 0020923674 scopus 로고
    • 2 dynamics of wild strawberry populations
    • T.W. Jurik (1983) Reproductive effort and CO2 dynamics of wild strawberry populations. Ecology 64 1329-1342.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1329-1342
    • Jurik, T.W.1
  • 78
    • 0028165138 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic nutrient use efficiency of Rhododendron lapponicum leaves as related to nutrient status, leaf age, and branch reproductive status
    • P.S. Karlsson (1994) Photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic nutrient use efficiency of Rhododendron lapponicum leaves as related to nutrient status, leaf age, and branch reproductive status. Functional Ecology 8 694-700.
    • (1994) Functional Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 694-700
    • Karlsson, P.S.1
  • 79
    • 0021550302 scopus 로고
    • An ecological genetic study of gyndioecy in Limnanthes douglasii, (Limnanthaceae)
    • R. Kesseli and S.K. Jain (1984) An ecological genetic study of gyndioecy in Limnanthes douglasii, (Limnanthaceae). American Journal of Botany 71 775-786.
    • (1984) American Journal of Botany , vol.71 , pp. 775-786
    • Kesseli, R.1    Jain, S.K.2
  • 80
    • 0024937868 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio, seed production, biomass allocation, and the cost of male function in Cucurbita foetidissima HBK, (Cucurbitaceae)
    • J.R. Kohn (1989) Sex ratio, seed production, biomass allocation, and the cost of male function in Cucurbita foetidissima HBK, (Cucurbitaceae). Evolution 43 1424-1434.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1424-1434
    • Kohn, J.R.1
  • 81
    • 0004429652 scopus 로고
    • The maintenance of the gynodioecious breeding system in Plantago lanceolata L
    • D.T. Krohne, I. Baker and H.G. Baker (1980) The maintenance of the gynodioecious breeding system in Plantago lanceolata L. The American Midland Naturalist 103 269-279.
    • (1980) The American Midland Naturalist , vol.103 , pp. 269-279
    • Krohne, D.T.1    Baker, I.2    Baker, H.G.3
  • 82
    • 0018954214 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in polygenic characters
    • R. Lande (1980) Sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in polygenic characters. Evolution 34 292-305.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 292-305
    • Lande, R.1
  • 83
    • 0029668411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-specific physiology and source sink relations in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia
    • M.M. Laporte and L.F. Delph (1996) Sex-specific physiology and source sink relations in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. Oecologia 106 63-72.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.106 , pp. 63-72
    • Laporte, M.M.1    Delph, L.F.2
  • 84
    • 0016970462 scopus 로고
    • The transmission of genes via pollen and ovules in gyodioecious angiosperms
    • D.G. Lloyd (1976) The transmission of genes via pollen and ovules in gyodioecious angiosperms. Theoretical Population Biology 9 299-316.
    • (1976) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.9 , pp. 299-316
    • Lloyd, D.G.1
  • 85
    • 0343809099 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop
    • D.G. Lloyd and A.J. Myall (1976) Sexual dimorphism in Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Annals of Botany 40 115-123.
    • (1976) Annals of Botany , vol.40 , pp. 115-123
    • Lloyd, D.G.1    Myall, A.J.2
  • 86
    • 0036769346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postpollination nectar reabsorption and its implications for fruit quality in an epiphytic orchid
    • R. Luyt and S.D. Johnson (2002) Postpollination nectar reabsorption and its implications for fruit quality in an epiphytic orchid. Biotropica 34 442-446.
    • (2002) Biotropica , vol.34 , pp. 442-446
    • Luyt, R.1    Johnson, S.D.2
  • 87
    • 0030443006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sectorality and physiological organisation in herbaceous plants: an overiew
    • C. Marshall (1996) Sectorality and physiological organisation in herbaceous plants: an overiew. Vegelatio 127 9-16.
    • (1996) Vegelatio , vol.127 , pp. 9-16
    • Marshall, C.1
  • 88
    • 0001313560 scopus 로고
    • Gender-related differences in gas exchange are not related to host quality in the xylem-tapping mistletoe Phoradendron juniperinum (Viscaceae)
    • J.D. Marshall, T.E. Dawson and J.R. Ehleringer (1993) Gender-related differences in gas exchange are not related to host quality in the xylem-tapping mistletoe Phoradendron juniperinum (Viscaceae). American Journal of Botany 80 641-645.
    • (1993) American Journal of Botany , vol.80 , pp. 641-645
    • Marshall, J.D.1    Dawson, T.E.2    Ehleringer, J.R.3
  • 89
    • 0033755345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and nitrogen allocation to male and female reproduction in Rocky Mountain Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. galuca, Pinaceae)
    • S.C.L. McDowell, N.G. NcDowell, J.D. Marshall and K. Hultine (2000) Carbon and nitrogen allocation to male and female reproduction in Rocky Mountain Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. galuca, Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany 87 539-546.
    • (2000) American Journal of Botany , vol.87 , pp. 539-546
    • McDowell, S.C.L.1    NcDowell, N.G.2    Marshall, J.D.3    Hultine, K.4
  • 90
    • 0005047458 scopus 로고
    • Sex-linked niche differentiation in two species of Thalictrum
    • M.N. Melampy (1981) Sex-linked niche differentiation in two species of Thalictrum. American Midland Naturalist 106 325-334.
    • (1981) American Midland Naturalist , vol.106 , pp. 325-334
    • Melampy, M.N.1
  • 91
    • 0037286140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floral morphometrics and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in Lycium (Solanaceae)
    • J.S. Miller and D.L. Venable (2003) Floral morphometrics and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in Lycium (Solanaceae). Evolution 57 74-86.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 74-86
    • Miller, J.S.1    Venable, D.L.2
  • 92
    • 0027027927 scopus 로고
    • Female requencies and fitness components between sex phenotypes among gynodioecious populations of the colonizing species Trifolium hirtum All. in california
    • F. Molina-Freaner and S.K. Jain (1992) Female requencies and fitness components between sex phenotypes among gynodioecious populations of the colonizing species Trifolium hirtum All. in california. Oecologia 92 279-286.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.92 , pp. 279-286
    • Molina-Freaner, F.1    Jain, S.K.2
  • 93
    • 0043226688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional ecology of dioecy in Siparuna grandiflora, a tropical understory shrub
    • Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut
    • A.B. Nicotra (1997) Functional ecology of dioecy in Siparuna grandiflora, a tropical understory shrub. PhD. dissertation Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut
    • (1997) PhD. dissertation
    • Nicotra, A.B.1
  • 94
    • 0036720928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The costs of reproduction in plants
    • J.R. Obeso (2002) The costs of reproduction in plants. New Phytologist 155 321-348.
    • (2002) New Phytologist , vol.155 , pp. 321-348
    • Obeso, J.R.1
  • 95
    • 0032228831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex ratios, size distributions and sexual dimorphism in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium (Aquifoliaceae)
    • J.R. Obeso, M. Alvarez-Santullano and R. Retuerto (1998) Sex ratios, size distributions and sexual dimorphism in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium (Aquifoliaceae). Am. J Bot 85 1602-1608.
    • (1998) Am. J Bot , vol.85 , pp. 1602-1608
    • Obeso, J.R.1    Alvarez-Santullano, M.2    Retuerto, R.3
  • 96
    • 0036521196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in holly (Ilex aquifolium): cost of reproduction, sexual selection, or physiological differentiation?
    • J.R. Obeso and R. Retuerto (2002) Sexual dimorphism in holly (Ilex aquifolium): cost of reproduction, sexual selection, or physiological differentiation? Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 75 67-77.
    • (2002) Revista Chilena de Historia Natural , vol.75 , pp. 67-77
    • Obeso, J.R.1    Retuerto, R.2
  • 97
    • 0027011940 scopus 로고
    • Advantages of being a specialist female, in gynodioecious Silene vulgaris L. (Caryophyllaceae)
    • M.W. Pettersson (1992) Advantages of being a specialist female, in gynodioecious Silene vulgaris L. (Caryophyllaceae). American Journal of Botany 79 1389-1395.
    • (1992) American Journal of Botany , vol.79 , pp. 1389-1395
    • Pettersson, M.W.1
  • 98
    • 0030960934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive allocation and resource compensation in male-sterile and hermaphroditic plants of Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae)
    • P. Poot (1997) Reproductive allocation and resource compensation in male-sterile and hermaphroditic plants of Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae). American Journal of Botany 84 1256-1265.
    • (1997) American Journal of Botany , vol.84 , pp. 1256-1265
    • Poot, P.1
  • 99
    • 0030439605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of malesterile and hermaphrodite sex types of Plantago lanceolata grown under conditions of contrasting nitrogen and light availabilities
    • P. Poot, J. Pilon and T.L. Pons (1996) Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of malesterile and hermaphrodite sex types of Plantago lanceolata grown under conditions of contrasting nitrogen and light availabilities. Physiologia plantarum 98 780-790.
    • (1996) Physiologia plantarum , vol.98 , pp. 780-790
    • Poot, P.1    Pilon, J.2    Pons, T.L.3
  • 100
    • 0031285324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the vegetative growth of male-sterile and hermaphroditic lines of Plantago lanceolata in relation to N supply
    • P. Poot, T. van den Broek, J.M.M. van Damme and H. Lambers (1997) A comparison of the vegetative growth of male-sterile and hermaphroditic lines of Plantago lanceolata in relation to N supply. New Phytologist 135 429-437.
    • (1997) New Phytologist , vol.135 , pp. 429-437
    • Poot, P.1    van den Broek, T.2    van Damme, J.M.M.3    Lambers, H.4
  • 101
    • 0032789156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can plasticity compensate for architechtural constraints on reproduction? Patterns of seed production and carbohydrate translocation in Perilla frutescens
    • K.A. Preston (1999) Can plasticity compensate for architechtural constraints on reproduction? Patterns of seed production and carbohydrate translocation in Perilla frutescens. Journal of Ecology 87 697-712.
    • (1999) Journal of Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 697-712
    • Preston, K.A.1
  • 102
    • 84985396149 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary aspects of wind pollination in the genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae)
    • R.B. Primack (1978) Evolutionary aspects of wind pollination in the genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae). New Phytologist 81 449-458.
    • (1978) New Phytologist , vol.81 , pp. 449-458
    • Primack, R.B.1
  • 104
    • 0025953163 scopus 로고
    • What does it cost a plant to produce floral nectar?
    • G.H. Pyke (1991) What does it cost a plant to produce floral nectar? Nature 350 58-59.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 58-59
    • Pyke, G.H.1
  • 105
    • 0031445045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence for demographic costs of seed production in the pollen-limited perennial herb Blandfordia grandiflora (Liliaceae)
    • M. Ramsey (1997) No evidence for demographic costs of seed production in the pollen-limited perennial herb Blandfordia grandiflora (Liliaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 158 785-793.
    • (1997) International Journal of Plant Sciences , vol.158 , pp. 785-793
    • Ramsey, M.1
  • 106
    • 0036338338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of gynodioecy in Wurmbea biglandulosa (Cholicaceae): gender differences in seed production and progeny success
    • M. Ramsey and G. Vaughton (2002) Maintenance of gynodioecy in Wurmbea biglandulosa (Cholicaceae): gender differences in seed production and progeny success. Plant Systematics and Evolution 232
    • (2002) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.232
    • Ramsey, M.1    Vaughton, G.2
  • 107
    • 0001476134 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive effort in plants. 1. Carbon allocation to reproduction
    • E.G. Reekie and F.A. Bazzaz (1987) Reproductive effort in plants. 1. Carbon allocation to reproduction. American Naturalist 129 876-896.
    • (1987) American Naturalist , vol.129 , pp. 876-896
    • Reekie, E.G.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 108
    • 0001215980 scopus 로고
    • Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants
    • S.S. Renner and R.E. Ricklefs (1995) Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants. American Journal of Botany 82 596-606.
    • (1995) American Journal of Botany , vol.82 , pp. 596-606
    • Renner, S.S.1    Ricklefs, R.E.2
  • 109
    • 0033748006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, light, and water effects in carbon isotope discrimination and growth rates in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium
    • R. Retuerto, B. Fernandez Lema, S. Rodriguez Roiloa and J.R. Obeso (2000) Gender, light, and water effects in carbon isotope discrimination and growth rates in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium. Functional Ecology 14 529-537.
    • (2000) Functional Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 529-537
    • Retuerto, R.1    Fernandez Lema, B.2    Rodriguez Roiloa, S.3    Obeso, J.R.4
  • 110
    • 0033740577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What governs protein content of pollen: Pollinator preferences, pollen-pistil interactions, or phylogeny?
    • T.H. Roulston, J.H. Cane and S.L. Buchmann (2000) What governs protein content of pollen: Pollinator preferences, pollen-pistil interactions, or phylogeny? Ecological Monographs 70 617-643.
    • (2000) Ecological Monographs , vol.70 , pp. 617-643
    • Roulston, T.H.1    Cane, J.H.2    Buchmann, S.L.3
  • 111
    • 0026330329 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of sex expression in subdioecious Schiedea globosa (Caryophyllaceae)
    • A.K. Sakai and S.G. Weller (1991) Ecological aspects of sex expression in subdioecious Schiedea globosa (Caryophyllaceae). American Journal of Botany 78 1280-1288.
    • (1991) American Journal of Botany , vol.78 , pp. 1280-1288
    • Sakai, A.K.1    Weller, S.G.2
  • 112
    • 0003246271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and sexual dimorphism in flowering plants: a review of terminology, biogeographic patterns, ecological correlates, and phylogenetic approaches
    • M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • A.K. Sakai and S.G. Weller (1999) Gender and sexual dimorphism in flowering plants: a review of terminology, biogeographic patterns, ecological correlates, and phylogenetic approaches. M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants New York: Springer-Verlag 1-31.
    • (1999) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants , pp. 1-31
    • Sakai, A.K.1    Weller, S.G.2
  • 113
    • 0030845113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of gynodioecy and the maintenance of females: the role of inbreeding depression, outcrossing rates, and resource allocation in Schiedea adamantis (Caryophyllaceae)
    • A.K. Sakai, S.G. Weller, M.-L. Chen, S.-Y. Chou and T. Tasanont (1997) Evolution of gynodioecy and the maintenance of females: the role of inbreeding depression, outcrossing rates, and resource allocation in Schiedea adamantis (Caryophyllaceae). Evolution 51 724-736.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 724-736
    • Sakai, A.K.1    Weller, S.G.2    Chen, M.-L.3    Chou, S.-Y.4    Tasanont, T.5
  • 114
    • 0029159483 scopus 로고
    • Effect of reproduction on nitrogen allocation and carbon gain in Oenothera biennis
    • T.P. Saulnier and E.G. Reekie (1995) Effect of reproduction on nitrogen allocation and carbon gain in Oenothera biennis. Journal of Ecology 83 23-29.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 23-29
    • Saulnier, T.P.1    Reekie, E.G.2
  • 115
    • 0037270023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in gynodioecious Sidalcea hirtipes (Malvaceae). I. Seed, fruit and ecophysiology
    • S.T. Schultz (2003) Sexual dimorphism in gynodioecious Sidalcea hirtipes (Malvaceae). I. Seed, fruit and ecophysiology. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164 165-173.
    • (2003) International Journal of Plant Sciences , vol.164 , pp. 165-173
    • Schultz, S.T.1
  • 116
    • 0001724382 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of gynodioecy in Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae): stage-specific fecundity and viability selection
    • J.A. Shykoff (1988) Maintenance of gynodioecy in Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae): stage-specific fecundity and viability selection. American Journal of Botany 75 844-850.
    • (1988) American Journal of Botany , vol.75 , pp. 844-850
    • Shykoff, J.A.1
  • 117
    • 0037360204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of male sterility on reproductive traits in gynodioecious plants: a metaanalysis
    • J.A. Shykoff, S.-O. Kolokotronis, C.L. Collin and M. López-Villavincencio (2003) Effects of male sterility on reproductive traits in gynodioecious plants: a metaanalysis. Oecologia 135 1-9.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , pp. 1-9
    • Shykoff, J.A.1    Kolokotronis, S.-O.2    Collin, C.L.3    López-Villavincencio, M.4
  • 118
    • 38249029376 scopus 로고
    • On the gynodioecious polymorphism in Saxifraga granulata L. (Saxifragaceae)
    • D.P. Stevens (1988) On the gynodioecious polymorphism in Saxifraga granulata L. (Saxifragaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 35 15-28.
    • (1988) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.35 , pp. 15-28
    • Stevens, D.P.1
  • 119
    • 0042878222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of the ecological correlates of dioecy in angiosperms
    • J.C. Vamosi, S.P. Otto and S.C.H. Barrett (2003) Phylogenetic analysis of the ecological correlates of dioecy in angiosperms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16 1006-1018.
    • (2003) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.16 , pp. 1006-1018
    • Vamosi, J.C.1    Otto, S.P.2    Barrett, S.C.H.3
  • 120
    • 0036338337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of gynodioecy and sex ratio variation in Wurmbea biglandulosa (Colchicaceae)
    • G. Vaughton and M. Ramsey (2002) Evidence of gynodioecy and sex ratio variation in Wurmbea biglandulosa (Colchicaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 232 167-179.
    • (2002) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.232 , pp. 167-179
    • Vaughton, G.1    Ramsey, M.2
  • 121
    • 0346269937 scopus 로고
    • Secondary sex characteristics in Spinacia oleracea L.: quantitative evidence for the existence of at least three sexual morphs
    • J.J. Vitale and D.C. Freeman (1985) Secondary sex characteristics in Spinacia oleracea L.: quantitative evidence for the existence of at least three sexual morphs. American Journal of Botany 72 1061-1066.
    • (1985) American Journal of Botany , vol.72 , pp. 1061-1066
    • Vitale, J.J.1    Freeman, D.C.2
  • 122
    • 0041402582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-related differences in gas exchange rates in the gender-switching species Arisaema triphyllum
    • P. Vitt (2001) Gender-related differences in gas exchange rates in the gender-switching species Arisaema triphyllum. Rhodora 103 387-404.
    • (2001) Rhodora , vol.103 , pp. 387-404
    • Vitt, P.1
  • 123
    • 0036000105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of Acer negundo genders to interannual differences in water availbility determined from carbon isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose
    • J.K. Ward, T.E. Dawson and J.R. Ehleringer (2002) Responses of Acer negundo genders to interannual differences in water availbility determined from carbon isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose. Tree Physiology 22 339-346.
    • (2002) Tree Physiology , vol.22 , pp. 339-346
    • Ward, J.K.1    Dawson, T.E.2    Ehleringer, J.R.3
  • 124
    • 84986959256 scopus 로고
    • The control of carbon partitioning in plants
    • I.F. Wardlaw (1990) The control of carbon partitioning in plants. New Phytologist 116 341-381.
    • (1990) New Phytologist , vol.116 , pp. 341-381
    • Wardlaw, I.F.1
  • 125
    • 0001921603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical studies: evolution and maintenance of dimorphic breeding systems
    • M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • C.J. Webb (1999) Empirical studies: evolution and maintenance of dimorphic breeding systems. M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, L.F. Delph,(Eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants New York: Springer-Verlag 61-95.
    • (1999) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants , pp. 61-95
    • Webb, C.J.1
  • 127
    • 0030741728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of sex expression in a gynodioecious Isreali desert shrub (Orchradenus baccatus)
    • L.M. Wolfe and A. Shmida (1997) The ecology of sex expression in a gynodioecious Isreali desert shrub (Orchradenus baccatus). Ecology 78 101-110.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 101-110
    • Wolfe, L.M.1    Shmida, A.2
  • 128
    • 0025664599 scopus 로고
    • Furanocoumarin induction in wild parsnip—genetics and population variation
    • A.R. Zangerl and M.R. Berenbaum (1990) Furanocoumarin induction in wild parsnip—genetics and population variation. Ecology 71(5), 1933-1940.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , Issue.5 , pp. 1933-1940
    • Zangerl, A.R.1    Berenbaum, M.R.2
  • 129
    • 0020429884 scopus 로고
    • Responses to moisture stress in male and female plants of Rumex acetosella
    • J.K. Zimmerman and M.J. Lechowicz (1982) Responses to moisture stress in male and female plants of Rumex acetosella. Oecologia 53 305-309.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.53 , pp. 305-309
    • Zimmerman, J.K.1    Lechowicz, M.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.