메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 724-736

Evolution of gynodioecy and maintenance of females: The role of inbreeding depression, outcrossing rates, and resource allocation in Schiedea adamantis (Caryophyllaceae)

Author keywords

Alsinoideae; Caryophyllaceae; Gynodioecy; Hawaii; Hawaiian Islands; Inbreeding; Inbreeding depression; Outcrossing; Resource allocation; Schiedea; Self fertilization

Indexed keywords

ENDEMIC PLANT; GYNODIOECY; HERMAPHRODITISM; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; OUTCROSSING RATE; RESOURCE ALLOCATION;

EID: 0030845113     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03656.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (115)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0026283920 scopus 로고
    • Gender variation and sexual differences in reproductive characters and seed production in gynodioecious Geranium maculatum
    • ÅGREN, J., AND M. F. WILLSON. 1991. Gender variation and sexual differences in reproductive characters and seed production in gynodioecious Geranium maculatum. Am. J. Bot. 78:470-480.
    • (1991) Am. J. Bot. , vol.78 , pp. 470-480
    • Ågren, J.1    Willson, M.F.2
  • 2
    • 0027048063 scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of inbreeding and maternal sex in determining progeny fitness in Sidalcea oregana spp. spicata, a gynodioecious plant
    • ASHMAN, T.-L. 1992. The relative importance of inbreeding and maternal sex in determining progeny fitness in Sidalcea oregana spp. spicata, a gynodioecious plant. Evolution 46:1862-1874.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1862-1874
    • Ashman, T.-L.1
  • 3
    • 0002314270 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and evolutionary consequences of small population size in plants: Implications for conservation
    • D. A. Falk and K. E. Holsinger, eds. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • BARRETT, S. C. H., AND J. R. KOHN. 1991. Genetic and evolutionary consequences of small population size in plants: Implications for conservation. Pp. 1-30 in D. A. Falk and K. E. Holsinger, eds. Genetics and conservation of rare plants. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1991) Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants , pp. 1-30
    • Barrett, S.C.H.1    Kohn, J.R.2
  • 4
    • 0028980364 scopus 로고
    • Floral correlates and fitness consequences of mating system variation in Turnera ulmifolia
    • BELAOUSSOFF, S., AND J. S. SHORE. 1995. Floral correlates and fitness consequences of mating system variation in Turnera ulmifolia. Evolution 49:545-556.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 545-556
    • Belaoussoff, S.1    Shore, J.S.2
  • 5
    • 0025208891 scopus 로고
    • Increased genetic variance after a population bottleneck
    • CARSON, H. L. 1990. Increased genetic variance after a population bottleneck, Trends Ecol. Evol. 5:228-230.
    • (1990) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.5 , pp. 228-230
    • Carson, H.L.1
  • 6
    • 0000737993 scopus 로고
    • A model for the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy
    • CHARLESWORTH, B., AND D. CHARLESWORTH. 1978. A model for the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy. Am. Nat. 112:975-997.
    • (1978) Am. Nat. , vol.112 , pp. 975-997
    • Charlesworth, B.1    Charlesworth, D.2
  • 7
    • 0001712997 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression with heterozygote advantage and its effect on selection for modifiers changing the outcrossing rate
    • CHARLESWORTH, D., AND B. CHARLESWORTH. 1990. Inbreeding depression with heterozygote advantage and its effect on selection for modifiers changing the outcrossing rate. Evolution 44:870-888.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 870-888
    • Charlesworth, D.1    Charlesworth, B.2
  • 8
    • 0000343315 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression, genetic load and the evolution of outcrossing rates in a multi-locus system with no linkage
    • CHARLESWORTH, D., M. T. MORGAN, AND B. CHARLESWORTH. 1990. Inbreeding depression, genetic load and the evolution of outcrossing rates in a multi-locus system with no linkage. Evolution 44:1469-1489.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 1469-1489
    • Charlesworth, D.1    Morgan, M.T.2    Charlesworth, B.3
  • 9
    • 0000862580 scopus 로고
    • Amine-citrate buffers for pH control in starch gel electrophoresis
    • CLAYTON, J. W., AND D. N. TRETIAK. 1972. Amine-citrate buffers for pH control in starch gel electrophoresis. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 29:1169-1172.
    • (1972) J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. , vol.29 , pp. 1169-1172
    • Clayton, J.W.1    Tretiak, D.N.2
  • 10
    • 0025206631 scopus 로고
    • Sex-ratio variation in the gynodioecious shrub Hebe strictissima (Scrophulariaceae)
    • DELPH, L. F. 1990a. Sex-ratio variation in the gynodioecious shrub Hebe strictissima (Scrophulariaceae). Evolution 44:134-142.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 134-142
    • Delph, L.F.1
  • 11
    • 0001768594 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of gender dimorphism in New Zealand Hebe (Scrophulariaceae) species
    • _. 1990b. The evolution of gender dimorphism in New Zealand Hebe (Scrophulariaceae) species. Evol. Trends Plants 4:85-97.
    • (1990) Evol. Trends Plants , vol.4 , pp. 85-97
  • 12
    • 0027451236 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting intraplant variation in flowering and fruiting in the gynodioecious species Hebe subalpina
    • _. 1993. Factors affecting intraplant variation in flowering and fruiting in the gynodioecious species Hebe subalpina. J. Ecol. 81:287-296.
    • (1993) J. Ecol. , vol.81 , pp. 287-296
  • 13
    • 0000701112 scopus 로고
    • Environmental and genetic control of gender in the dimorphic shrub Hebe subalpina
    • DELPH, L. F., AND D. G. LLOYD. 1991. Environmental and genetic control of gender in the dimorphic shrub Hebe subalpina. Evolution 45:1957-1964.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1957-1964
    • Delph, L.F.1    Lloyd, D.G.2
  • 14
    • 0027437092 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression in two Mimulus taxa measured by multigenerational changes in the inbreeding coefficient
    • DOLE, J., AND K. RITLAND. 1993. Inbreeding depression in two Mimulus taxa measured by multigenerational changes in the inbreeding coefficient. Evolution 47:361-373.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 361-373
    • Dole, J.1    Ritland, K.2
  • 15
    • 0024927549 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences, with examples from seed plants
    • DONOGHUE, M. J. 1989. Phylogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences, with examples from seed plants. Evolution 43:1137-1156.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1137-1156
    • Donoghue, M.J.1
  • 16
    • 0025591927 scopus 로고
    • Relative fitness of selfed and outcrossed progeny in a self-compatible protandrous species, Sabatia angularis L. (Gentianaceae): A comparison in three environments
    • DUDASH, M. R. 1990. Relative fitness of selfed and outcrossed progeny in a self-compatible protandrous species, Sabatia angularis L. (Gentianaceae): a comparison in three environments. Evolution 44:1129-1139.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 1129-1139
    • Dudash, M.R.1
  • 17
    • 0028162712 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression in partially self-fertilizing Decodon vertictllatus (Lythraceae): Population-genetic and experimental analyses
    • ECKERT, C., AND S. C. H. BARRETT. 1994. Inbreeding depression in partially self-fertilizing Decodon vertictllatus (Lythraceae): Population-genetic and experimental analyses. Evolution 48:952-964.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 952-964
    • Eckert, C.1    Barrett, S.C.H.2
  • 18
    • 0027047128 scopus 로고
    • Resource compensation and the evolution of gynodioecy in Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae)
    • ECKHART, V. M. 1992. Resource compensation and the evolution of gynodioecy in Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae). Evolution 46:1313-1328.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1313-1328
    • Eckhart, V.M.1
  • 19
    • 0000837665 scopus 로고
    • The genetics and evolution of gynodioecy in Nemophila menziesii (Hydrophyllaceae)
    • GANDERS, F. R. 1978. The genetics and evolution of gynodioecy in Nemophila menziesii (Hydrophyllaceae). Can. J. Bot. 56:400-1408.
    • (1978) Can. J. Bot. , vol.56 , pp. 400-1408
    • Ganders, F.R.1
  • 20
    • 0002172012 scopus 로고
    • Electrophoretic variation and plant populations
    • GOTTLIEB, L. 1981. Electrophoretic variation and plant populations. Prog. Phytochem. 7:1-45.
    • (1981) Prog. Phytochem. , vol.7 , pp. 1-45
    • Gottlieb, L.1
  • 21
    • 0023506856 scopus 로고
    • A conflict between two sexes, females and hermaphrodites
    • S. C. Stearns, ed. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland
    • GOUYON, P.-H., AND D. COUVET. 1987. A conflict between two sexes, females and hermaphrodites. Pp. 245-261 in S. C. Stearns, ed. The evolution of sex and its consequences. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.
    • (1987) The Evolution of Sex and Its Consequences , pp. 245-261
    • Gouyon, P.-H.1    Couvet, D.2
  • 22
    • 0025595314 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding effects in Clarkia tembloriensis (Onagraceae) populations with different natural outcrossing rates
    • HOLTSFORD, T. P., AND N. C. ELLSTRAND. 1990. Inbreeding effects in Clarkia tembloriensis (Onagraceae) populations with different natural outcrossing rates. Evolution 44:2031-2046.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 2031-2046
    • Holtsford, T.P.1    Ellstrand, N.C.2
  • 23
    • 0026482902 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental variation in floral traits affecting outcrossing rate in Clarkia tembloriensis (Onagraceae)
    • _. 1992. Genetic and environmental variation in floral traits affecting outcrossing rate in Clarkia tembloriensis (Onagraceae). Evolution 46:216-225.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 216-225
  • 24
    • 0029666863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants
    • HUSBAND, B. C., AND D. W. SCHEMSKE. 1996. Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants. Evolution 50:43-70.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 43-70
    • Husband, B.C.1    Schemske, D.W.2
  • 25
    • 0027333478 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the selfing rate in functionally hermaphrodite plants and animals
    • JARNE, P., AND D. CHARLESWORTH. 1993. The evolution of the selfing rate in functionally hermaphrodite plants and animals. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24:441-466.
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.24 , pp. 441-466
    • Jarne, P.1    Charlesworth, D.2
  • 26
    • 0026540384 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cross- And self-fertilization on progeny fitness in Lobelia cardinalis and L. siphilitica
    • JOHNSTON, M. O. 1992. Effects of cross- and self-fertilization on progeny fitness in Lobelia cardinalis and L. siphilitica. Evolution 46:688-702.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 688-702
    • Johnston, M.O.1
  • 27
    • 0001099181 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement of inbreeding depression
    • JOHNSTON, M. O., AND D. J. SCHOEN. 1994. On the measurement of inbreeding depression. Evolution 48:1735-1741.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 1735-1741
    • Johnston, M.O.1    Schoen, D.J.2
  • 28
    • 0021550302 scopus 로고
    • An ecological genetic study of gynodioecy in Limnanthes douglasii (Limnanthaceae)
    • KESSELI, R., AND S. K. JAIN. 1984. An ecological genetic study of gynodioecy in Limnanthes douglasii (Limnanthaceae). Am. J. Bot. 71:775-786.
    • (1984) Am. J. Bot. , vol.71 , pp. 775-786
    • Kesseli, R.1    Jain, S.K.2
  • 29
    • 0024191894 scopus 로고
    • Why be female?
    • KOHN, J. R. 1988. Why be female? Nature 335:431-433.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 431-433
    • Kohn, J.R.1
  • 30
    • 0024937868 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio, seed production, biomass allocation, and the cost of male function in Cucurbita foetidissima HBK (Cucurbitaceae)
    • _. 1989. Sex ratio, seed production, biomass allocation, and the cost of male function in Cucurbita foetidissima HBK (Cucurbitaceae). Evolution 43:1424-1434.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1424-1434
  • 31
    • 0028980183 scopus 로고
    • Outcrossing rates and inferred levels of inbreeding depression in gynodioecious Cucurbita foetidissima
    • KOHN, J. R., AND J. E. BIARDI. 1995. Outcrossing rates and inferred levels of inbreeding depression in gynodioecious Cucurbita foetidissima. Heredity 75:77-83.
    • (1995) Heredity , vol.75 , pp. 77-83
    • Kohn, J.R.1    Biardi, J.E.2
  • 32
    • 0024164592 scopus 로고
    • Genetics and demography in biological conservation
    • LANDE, R. 1988. Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science 241:1455-1460.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1455-1460
    • Lande, R.1
  • 33
    • 0022236684 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression in plants. I. Genetic models
    • LANDE, R., AND D. SCHEMSKE. 1985. The evolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression in plants. I. Genetic models. Evolution 39:24-40.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 24-40
    • Lande, R.1    Schemske, D.2
  • 34
    • 0028190738 scopus 로고
    • High inbreeding depression, selective interference among loci, and the threshold selfing rate for purging recessive lethal mutations
    • LANDE, R., D. SCHEMSKE, AND S. SCHULTZ. 1994. High inbreeding depression, selective interference among loci, and the threshold selfing rate for purging recessive lethal mutations. Evolution 48:965-978.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 965-978
    • Lande, R.1    Schemske, D.2    Schultz, S.3
  • 35
    • 0342317350 scopus 로고
    • The maintenance of gynodioecy and andro-dioecy in angiosperms
    • LLOYD, D. G. 1975. The maintenance of gynodioecy and andro-dioecy in angiosperms. Genetica 45:325-339.
    • (1975) Genetica , vol.45 , pp. 325-339
    • Lloyd, D.G.1
  • 36
    • 0016970462 scopus 로고
    • The transmission of genes via pollen and ovules in gynodioecious angiosperms
    • _. 1976. The transmission of genes via pollen and ovules in gynodioecious angiosperms. Theor. Pop. Biol. 9:299-316.
    • (1976) Theor. Pop. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 299-316
  • 37
    • 0003350594 scopus 로고
    • Demographic factors and mating patterns in angio-sperms
    • O. T. Solbrig, ed. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley
    • _. 1980. Demographic factors and mating patterns in angio-sperms. Pp. 67-88 in O. T. Solbrig, ed. Demography and evolution in plant populations. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (1980) Demography and Evolution in Plant Populations , pp. 67-88
  • 38
    • 0027799310 scopus 로고
    • Outcrossing and fecundity advantage of females in gynodioecious Chionographis japonica var. kurohimensis (Liliaceae)
    • MAKI, M. 1993. Outcrossing and fecundity advantage of females in gynodioecious Chionographis japonica var. kurohimensis (Liliaceae). Am. J. Bot. 80:629-634.
    • (1993) Am. J. Bot. , vol.80 , pp. 629-634
    • Maki, M.1
  • 39
    • 0028165112 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression and maternal effects in Aquilegia caerulea, a partially selfing plant
    • MONTALVO, A. 1994. Inbreeding depression and maternal effects in Aquilegia caerulea, a partially selfing plant. Ecology 75:2395-2409.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 2395-2409
    • Montalvo, A.1
  • 40
    • 0028978927 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression in morphological and physiological traits of Schiedea lydgatei (Caryophyllaceae) in two environments
    • NORMAN, J. K., A. K. SAKAI, S. G. WELLER, AND T. E. DAWSON. 1995. Inbreeding depression in morphological and physiological traits of Schiedea lydgatei (Caryophyllaceae) in two environments. Evolution 49:297-306.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 297-306
    • Norman, J.K.1    Sakai, A.K.2    Weller, S.G.3    Dawson, T.E.4
  • 41
    • 0030789395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollination biology and outcrossing rates in hermaphroditic Schiedea lydgatei (Caryophyllaceae)
    • NORMAN, J. K., S. G. WELLER, AND A. K. SAKAI. 1997. Pollination biology and outcrossing rates in hermaphroditic Schiedea lydgatei (Caryophyllaceae). Am. J. Bot. 84:641-648.
    • (1997) Am. J. Bot. , vol.84 , pp. 641-648
    • Norman, J.K.1    Weller, S.G.2    Sakai, A.K.3
  • 44
    • 0024897666 scopus 로고
    • Variation of sex allocation among eight taxa of the Mimulus guttatus species complex (Scrophulariaceae)
    • RITLAND, C., AND K. RITLAND. 1989. Variation of sex allocation among eight taxa of the Mimulus guttatus species complex (Scrophulariaceae). Am. J. Bot. 76:1731-1739.
    • (1989) Am. J. Bot. , vol.76 , pp. 1731-1739
    • Ritland, C.1    Ritland, K.2
  • 45
    • 84963022359 scopus 로고
    • A series of FORTRAN computer programs for estimating plant mating systems
    • RITLAND, K. 1990a. A series of FORTRAN computer programs for estimating plant mating systems. J. Hered. 81:235-237.
    • (1990) J. Hered. , vol.81 , pp. 235-237
    • Ritland, K.1
  • 46
    • 0025625709 scopus 로고
    • Inferences about inbreeding depression based on changes of the inbreeding coefficient
    • _. 1990b. Inferences about inbreeding depression based on changes of the inbreeding coefficient. Evolution 44:1230-1241.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 1230-1241
  • 47
    • 84966167686 scopus 로고
    • A model for the estimation of outcrossing rate and gene frequencies using n independent loci
    • RITLAND, K., AND S. JAIN. 1981. A model for the estimation of outcrossing rate and gene frequencies using n independent loci. Heredity 47:35-52.
    • (1981) Heredity , vol.47 , pp. 35-52
    • Ritland, K.1    Jain, S.2
  • 48
    • 0024877270 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression in Schiedea globosa and S. salicaria (Caryophyllaceae), subdioecious and gynodioecious Hawaiian species
    • SAKAI, A. K., K. KAROLY, AND S. G. WELLER. 1989. Inbreeding depression in Schiedea globosa and S. salicaria (Caryophyllaceae), subdioecious and gynodioecious Hawaiian species. Am. J. Bot. 76:437-444.
    • (1989) Am. J. Bot. , vol.76 , pp. 437-444
    • Sakai, A.K.1    Karoly, K.2    Weller, S.G.3
  • 50
    • 0028995493 scopus 로고
    • Biogeographical and ecological correlates of dioecy in the Hawaiian flora
    • _. 1995b. Biogeographical and ecological correlates of dioecy in the Hawaiian flora. Ecology 76:2530-2543.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2530-2543
  • 51
    • 0000072234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic perspectives on the evolution of dioecy: Adaptive radiation in the endemic Hawaiian genera Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae)
    • T. J. Givnish and K. Sytsma, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York
    • SAKAI, A. K., S. G. WELLER, W. L. WAGNER, AND D. S. SOLTIS. 1997. Phylogenetic perspectives on the evolution of dioecy: adaptive radiation in the endemic Hawaiian genera Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae). Pp. 455-473. In T. J. Givnish and K. Sytsma, eds. Molecular evolution and adaptive radiation. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1997) Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation , pp. 455-473
    • Sakai, A.K.1    Weller, S.G.2    Wagner, W.L.3    Soltis, D.S.4
  • 52
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC
    • SAS INSTITUTE. 1988. SAS/STAT user's guide, 6.03 ed. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
    • (1988) SAS/STAT User's Guide, 6.03 Ed.
  • 53
    • 0029772626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of unisexuality in the Hawaiian Islands: A test of microevolutionary theory
    • SCHULTZ, S. T., AND F. R. GANDERS. 1996. Evolution of unisexuality in the Hawaiian Islands: a test of microevolutionary theory. Evolution 50:842-855.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 842-855
    • Schultz, S.T.1    Ganders, F.R.2
  • 54
    • 0001724382 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of gynodioecy in Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae): Stage-specific fecundity and viability selection
    • SHYKOFF, J. 1988. Maintenance of gynodioecy in Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae): stage-specific fecundity and viability selection. Am. J. Bot. 75:844-850.
    • (1988) Am. J. Bot. , vol.75 , pp. 844-850
    • Shykoff, J.1
  • 56
    • 0030424646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Hawaiian endemics Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae)
    • SOLTIS, P. S., D. E. SOLTIS, S. G. WELLER, A. K. SAKAI, AND W. L. WAGNER. 1996. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Hawaiian endemics Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae). Syst. Bot. 21:365-379.
    • (1996) Syst. Bot. , vol.21 , pp. 365-379
    • Soltis, P.S.1    Soltis, D.E.2    Weller, S.G.3    Sakai, A.K.4    Wagner, W.L.5
  • 57
    • 0022842162 scopus 로고
    • Female frequencies in gynodioecious populations correlated with selfing rates in hermaphrodites
    • SUN, M., AND F. R. GANDERS. 1986. Female frequencies in gynodioecious populations correlated with selfing rates in hermaphrodites. Am. J. Bot. 73:1645-1648.
    • (1986) Am. J. Bot. , vol.73 , pp. 1645-1648
    • Sun, M.1    Ganders, F.R.2
  • 58
    • 0024195637 scopus 로고
    • Mixed mating systems in Hawaiian Bidens (Asteraceae)
    • _. 1988. Mixed mating systems in Hawaiian Bidens (Asteraceae). Evolution 42:516-527.
    • (1988) Evolution , vol.42 , pp. 516-527
  • 59
    • 0001455176 scopus 로고
    • Outcrossing rates and allozyme variation in rayed and rayless morphs of Bidens pilosa
    • _. 1990. Outcrossing rates and allozyme variation in rayed and rayless morphs of Bidens pilosa. Heredity 64:139-143.
    • (1990) Heredity , vol.64 , pp. 139-143
  • 61
    • 0001285067 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution in Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae)
    • W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk, eds. Smithsonian Press, Washington, DC
    • WAGNER. W. L., S. G. WELLER, AND A. K. SAKAI. 1995. Phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution in Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae). Pp. 221-258 in W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk, eds. Hawaiian biogeography: evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1995) Hawaiian Biogeography: Evolution on a Hot Spot Archipelago , pp. 221-258
    • Wagner, W.L.1    Weller, S.G.2    Sakai, A.K.3
  • 62
    • 0001986840 scopus 로고
    • Genetics of plant isozymes. Pp
    • D. E. Soltis and P. S. Soltis, eds. Dioscorides, Portland, OR
    • WEEDEN, N. F. AND J. F. WENDEL. 19891 Genetics of plant isozymes. Pp. 46-72 in D. E. Soltis and P. S. Soltis, eds. Isozymes in plant biology. Dioscorides, Portland, OR.
    • (1989) Isozymes in Plant Biology , pp. 46-72
    • Weeden, N.F.1    Wendel, J.F.2
  • 63
    • 84995087500 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of dicliny in Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic Hawaiian genus
    • WELLER, S. G., AND A. K. SAKAI. 1990. The evolution of dicliny in Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic Hawaiian genus. Plant Species Biol. 5:83-95.
    • (1990) Plant Species Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 83-95
    • Weller, S.G.1    Sakai, A.K.2
  • 64
    • 84966163925 scopus 로고
    • Genetics of male sterility in Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae)
    • _. 1991. Genetics of male sterility in Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae). Heredity. 67:265-273.
    • (1991) Heredity. , vol.67 , pp. 265-273
  • 65
    • 0030052214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allozyme diversity and genetic identity in Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae) in the Hawaiian Islands
    • WELLER, S. G., A. K. SAKAI, AND C. STRAUB. 1996. Allozyme diversity and genetic identity in Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae) in the Hawaiian Islands. Evolution 50:23-34.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 23-34
    • Weller, S.G.1    Sakai, A.K.2    Straub, C.3
  • 66
    • 0001258078 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of dioecy in Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae) in the Hawaiian Islands: biogeographical and ecological factors
    • WELLER, S. G., A. K. SAKAI, W. L. WAGNER, AND D. R. HERBST. 1990. Evolution of dioecy in Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae) in the Hawaiian Islands: biogeographical and ecological factors. Syst. Bot. 15:266-276.
    • (1990) Syst. Bot. , vol.15 , pp. 266-276
    • Weller, S.G.1    Sakai, A.K.2    Wagner, W.L.3    Herbst, D.R.4
  • 67
    • 0028801697 scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic analysis of Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae): implications for the evolution of breeding systems
    • WELLER, S. G., W. L. WAGNER, AND A. K. SAKAI. 1995. A phylogenetic analysis of Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae): implications for the evolution of breeding systems. Syst. Bot. 20:315-337.
    • (1995) Syst. Bot. , vol.20 , pp. 315-337
    • Weller, S.G.1    Wagner, W.L.2    Sakai, A.K.3
  • 68
    • 0027435815 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression in Hydrophyllum appendiculatum: Role of maternal effects, crowding, and parental mating history
    • WOLFE, L. M. 1993. Inbreeding depression in Hydrophyllum appendiculatum: role of maternal effects, crowding, and parental mating history. Evolution 47:374-386.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 374-386
    • Wolfe, L.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.