메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 334-338

Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: Challenges and opportunities

Author keywords

CYP2C9; CYP4F2; pharmacogenetics; VKORC1; warfarin

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 9; CYTOCHROME P450 2C18; CYTOCHROME P450 2C19; CYTOCHROME P450 2C9; MENADIONE EPOXIDE; OXIDOREDUCTASE; PROTHROMBIN; WARFARIN;

EID: 84880897371     PISSN: 14345161     EISSN: 1435232X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.40     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (89)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 0026518073 scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic therapy in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
    • Hirsh, J. Antithrombotic therapy in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Am. Heart J. 123, 1115-1122 (1992).
    • (1992) Am. Heart J , vol.123 , pp. 1115-1122
    • Hirsh, J.1
  • 2
    • 0035128503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral anticoagulants: Mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimal therapeutic range
    • Hirsh, J., Dalen, J., Anderson, D. R., Poller, L., Bussey, H., Ansell, J. et al. Oral anticoagulants: mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimal therapeutic range. Chest 119, 8S-21S (2001). (Pubitemid 32154192)
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Hirsh, J.1    Dalen, J.E.2    Anderson, D.R.3    Poller, L.4    Bussey, H.5    Ansell, J.6    Deykin, D.7
  • 4
    • 0028876997 scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves
    • Stein, P. D., Alpert, J. S., Copeland, J., Dalen, J. E., Goldman, S. & Turpie, A. G. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. Chest 108, 371S-379S (1995).
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108
    • Stein, P.D.1    Alpert, J.S.2    Copeland, J.3    Dalen, J.E.4    Goldman, S.5    Turpie, A.G.6
  • 6
    • 80052962391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing
    • Johnson, J. A., Gong, L., Whirl-Carrillo, M., Gage, B. F., Scott, S. A., Stein, C. M. et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 90, 625-629 (2011).
    • (2011) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther , vol.90 , pp. 625-629
    • Johnson, J.A.1    Gong, L.2    Whirl-Carrillo, M.3    Gage, B.F.4    Scott, S.A.5    Stein, C.M.6
  • 7
    • 0142135442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin and Other Coumarin Derivatives: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Interactions
    • DOI 10.1055/s-2003-44457
    • Wittkowsky, A. K. Warfarin and other coumarin derivatives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. Semin. Vasc. Med. 3, 221-230 (2003). (Pubitemid 37280710)
    • (2003) Seminars in Vascular Medicine , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-230
    • Wittkowsky, A.K.1
  • 8
    • 0015494743 scopus 로고
    • Warfarin and the inhibition of vitamin K activity by an oxide metabolite
    • Bell, R. G. & Matschiner, J. T. Warfarin and the inhibition of vitamin K activity by an oxide metabolite. Nature 237, 32-33 (1972).
    • (1972) Nature , vol.237 , pp. 32-33
    • Bell, R.G.1    Matschiner, J.T.2
  • 9
    • 0022405539 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and vitamin K metabolism in liver. Effects of warfarin
    • Wallin, R. & Martin, L. F. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and vitamin K metabolism in liver. Effects of warfarin. J. Clin. Invest. 76, 1879-1884 (1985). (Pubitemid 16196058)
    • (1985) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 1879-1884
    • Wallin, R.1    Martin, L.F.2
  • 13
    • 13244268255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) and its consequences for the calibration procedure of thromboplastin preparations: A rebuttal
    • reply 1492-1494
    • van den Besselaar, A. M., Poller, L. & Tripodi, A. Definition of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) and its consequences for the calibration procedure of thromboplastin preparations: a rebuttal. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2, 1490-1491, reply 1492-1494 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Thromb. Haemost , vol.2 , pp. 1490-1491
    • Van Den Besselaar, A.M.1    Poller, L.2    Tripodi, A.3
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0021872842 scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulant-induced intracerebral bleeding in brain ischemia. Evaluation in 200 patients with TIAs, emboli from the heart, and progressing stroke
    • Bogousslavsky, J. & Regli, F. Anticoagulant-induced intracerebral bleeding in brain ischemia. Evaluation in 200 patients with TIAs, emboli from the heart, and progressing stroke. Acta Neurol. Scand. 71, 464-471 (1985).
    • (1985) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.71 , pp. 464-471
    • Bogousslavsky, J.1    Regli, F.2
  • 16
    • 0003005833 scopus 로고
    • Bleeding complications to long-term oral anticoagulant therapy
    • Gullov, A. L., Koefoed, B. G. & Petersen, P. Bleeding complications to long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis 1, 17-25 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Thromb. Thrombolysis , vol.1 , pp. 17-25
    • Gullov, A.L.1    Koefoed, B.G.2    Petersen, P.3
  • 17
    • 0027257511 scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulant-related bleeding: Clinical epidemiology, prediction, and prevention
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90285-W
    • Landefeld, C. S. & Beyth, R. J. Anticoagulant-related bleeding: clinical epidemiology, prediction, and prevention. Am. J. Med. 95, 315-328 (1993). (Pubitemid 23270290)
    • (1993) American Journal of Medicine , vol.95 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-328
    • Landefeld, C.S.1    Beyth, R.J.2
  • 18
    • 81855169543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans
    • Budnitz, D. S., Lovegrove, M. C., Shehab, N. & Richards, C. L. Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 2002-2012 (2011).
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.365 , pp. 2002-2012
    • Budnitz, D.S.1    Lovegrove, M.C.2    Shehab, N.3    Richards, C.L.4
  • 19
    • 0037732826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology F American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guide to warfarin therapy
    • Hirsh, J., Fuster, V., Ansell, J. & Halperin, J. L. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology F. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guide to warfarin therapy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 1633-1652 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 1633-1652
    • Hirsh, J.1    Fuster, V.2    Ansell, J.3    Halperin, J.L.4
  • 20
    • 54749114827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance with antithrombotic prescribing guidelines for patients with atrial fibrillation-a nationwide descriptive study in Taiwan
    • Lin, L. J., Cheng, M. H., Lee, C. H., Wung, D. C., Cheng, C. L. & Kao Yang, Y. H. Compliance with antithrombotic prescribing guidelines for patients with atrial fibrillation-a nationwide descriptive study in Taiwan. Clin. Ther. 30, 1726-1736 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Ther , vol.30 , pp. 1726-1736
    • Lin, L.J.1    Cheng, M.H.2    Lee, C.H.3    Wung, D.C.4    Cheng, C.L.5    Kao Yang, Y.H.6
  • 23
    • 0033287149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol and medication interactions
    • Weathermon, R. & Crabb, D. W. Alcohol and medication interactions. Alcohol Res. Health 23, 40-54 (1999).
    • (1999) Alcohol Res. Health , vol.23 , pp. 40-54
    • Weathermon, R.1    Crabb, D.W.2
  • 25
    • 34548319482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug interactions with warfarin: What clinicians need to know
    • DOI 10.1503/cmaj.070946
    • Juurlink, D. N. Drug interactions with warfarin: what clinicians need to know. CMAJ 177, 369-371 (2007). (Pubitemid 47339534)
    • (2007) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.177 , Issue.4 , pp. 369-371
    • Juurlink, D.N.1
  • 26
    • 84863850952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hemorrhage and treatment costs associated with warfarin drug interactions in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Suh, D. C., Nelson, W. W., Choi, J. C. & Choi, I. Risk of hemorrhage and treatment costs associated with warfarin drug interactions in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin. Ther. 34, 1569-1582 (2012).
    • (2012) Clin. Ther , vol.34 , pp. 1569-1582
    • Suh, D.C.1    Nelson, W.W.2    Choi, J.C.3    Choi, I.4
  • 27
    • 6344230026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paracetamol (acetaminophen) warfarin interaction: NAPQI, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, is an inhibitor of enzymes in the vitamin K cycle
    • DOI 10.1160/TH04-02-0109
    • Thijssen, H. H., Soute, B. A., Vervoort, L. M. & Claessens, J. G. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) warfarin interaction: NAPQI, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, is an inhibitor of enzymes in the vitamin K cycle. Thromb. Haemost. 92, 797-802 (2004). (Pubitemid 39386707)
    • (2004) Thrombosis and Haemostasis , vol.92 , Issue.4 , pp. 797-802
    • Thijssen, H.H.W.1    Soute, B.A.2    Vervoort, L.M.3    Claessens, J.G.4
  • 29
    • 0026519541 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxylation of warfarin by human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P-450: A role for P-4502C9 in the etiology of (S)-warfarin-drug interactions
    • Rettie, A. E., Korzekwa, K. R., Kunze, K. L., Lawrence, R. F., Eddy, A. C., Aoyama, T. et al. Hydroxylation of warfarin by human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P-450: a role for P-4502C9 in the etiology of (S)-warfarin-drug interactions. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 5, 54-59 (1992).
    • (1992) Chem. Res. Toxicol , vol.5 , pp. 54-59
    • Rettie, A.E.1    Korzekwa, K.R.2    Kunze, K.L.3    Lawrence, R.F.4    Eddy, A.C.5    Aoyama, T.6
  • 30
    • 0029564238 scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 and its effect on warfarin maintenance dose requirement in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy
    • DOI 10.1097/00008571-199512000-00008
    • Furuya, H., Fernandez-Salguero, P., Gregory, W., Taber, H., Steward, A., Gonzalez, F. J. et al. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 and its effect on warfarin maintenance dose requirement in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy. Pharmacogenetics 5, 389-392 (1995). (Pubitemid 26010117)
    • (1995) Pharmacogenetics , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 389-392
    • Furuya, H.1    Fernandez-Salguero, P.2    Gregory, W.3    Taber, H.4    Steward, A.5    Gonzalez, F.J.6    Idle, J.R.7
  • 31
    • 0141832724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics of CYP2C9 and interindividual variability in anticoagulant response to warfarin
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500182
    • Takahashi, H. & Echizen, H. Pharmacogenetics of CYP2C9 and interindividual variability in anticoagulant response to warfarin. Pharmacogenomics J. 3, 202-214 (2003). (Pubitemid 37167925)
    • (2003) Pharmacogenomics Journal , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 202-214
    • Takahashi, H.1    Echizen, H.2
  • 32
    • 0030947801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelic and functional variability of cytochrome P4502C9
    • DOI 10.1097/00008571-199702000-00007
    • Bhasker, C. R., Miners, J. O., Coulter, S. & Birkett, D. J. Allelic and functional variability of cytochrome P4502C9. Pharmacogenetics 7, 51-58 (1997). (Pubitemid 27153319)
    • (1997) Pharmacogenetics , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Bhasker, C.R.1    Miners, J.O.2    Coulter, S.3    Birkett, D.J.4
  • 34
    • 0033608466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding complications
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04474-2
    • Aithal, G. P., Day, C. P., Kesteven, P. J. & Daly, A. K. Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding complications. Lancet 353, 717-719 (1999). (Pubitemid 29103806)
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , Issue.9154 , pp. 717-719
    • Aithal, G.P.1    Day, C.P.2    Kesteven, P.J.L.3    Daly, A.K.4
  • 35
    • 62549143945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of CYP2C9 genotype on warfarin dose requirements-a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Lindh, J. D., Holm, L., Andersson, M. L. & Rane, A. Influence of CYP2C9 genotype on warfarin dose requirements-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 65, 365-375 (2009).
    • (2009) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.65 , pp. 365-375
    • Lindh, J.D.1    Holm, L.2    Andersson, M.L.3    Rane, A.4
  • 37
    • 34249823331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of CYP2C9 genotype on warfarin dose among African-Americans and European-Americans
    • DOI 10.2217/17410541.4.2.157
    • Limdi, N., Goldstein, J., Blaisdell, J., Beasley, T., Rivers, C. & Acton, R. Influence of CYP2C9 Genotype on warfarin dose among African American and European Americans. Personalized Med. 4, 157-169 (2007). (Pubitemid 46845895)
    • (2007) Personalized Medicine , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-169
    • Limdi, N.A.1    Goldstein, J.A.2    Blaisdell, J.A.3    Beasley, T.M.4    Rivers, C.A.5    Acton, R.T.6
  • 39
    • 0031015345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human P450 metabolism of warfarin
    • DOI 10.1016/S0163-7258(96)00140-4, PII S0163725896001404
    • Kaminsky, L. S. & Zhang, Z. Y. Human P450 metabolism of warfarin. Pharmacol. Ther. 73, 67-74 (1997). (Pubitemid 26425815)
    • (1997) Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-74
    • Kaminsky, L.S.1    Zhang, Z.-Y.2
  • 42
    • 34848854159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution SNP and haplotype maps of the human gamma-glutamyl carboxylase gene (GGCX) and association study between polymorphisms in GGCX and the warfarin maintenance dose requirement of the Japanese population
    • DOI 10.1007/s10038-007-0183-9
    • Cha, P. C., Mushiroda, T., Takahashi, A., Saito, S., Shimomura, H., Suzuki, T. et al. High-resolution SNP and haplotype maps of the human gamma-glutamyl carboxylase gene (GGCX) and association study between polymorphisms in GGCX and the warfarin maintenance dose requirement of the Japanese population. J. Hum. Genet. 52, 856-864 (2007). (Pubitemid 47512854)
    • (2007) Journal of Human Genetics , vol.52 , Issue.10 , pp. 856-864
    • Cha, P.-C.1    Mushiroda, T.2    Takahashi, A.3    Saito, S.4    Shimomura, H.5    Suzuki, T.6    Kamatani, N.7    Nakamura, Y.8
  • 43
    • 73649117856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic determinants of warfarin dosing in the Han-Chinese population
    • Lee, M. T., Chen, C. H., Chou, C. H., Lu, L. S., Chuang, H. P., Chen, Y. T. et al. Genetic determinants of warfarin dosing in the Han-Chinese population. Pharmacogenomics 10, 1905-1913 (2009).
    • (2009) Pharmacogenomics , vol.10 , pp. 1905-1913
    • Lee, M.T.1    Chen, C.H.2    Chou, C.H.3    Lu, L.S.4    Chuang, H.P.5    Chen, Y.T.6
  • 44
    • 1642335299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of pharmacokinetic (CY72C9) and pharmacodynamic (factors II, VII, IX, and X; proteins S and C; and γ-glutamyl carboxylase) gene variants with warfarin sensitivity
    • DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-09-3043
    • Shikata, E., Ieiri, I., Ishiguro, S., Aono, H., Inoue, K., Koide, T. et al. Association of pharmacokinetic (CYP2C9) and pharmacodynamic (factors II, VII, IX, and X; proteins S and C; and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase) gene variants with warfarin sensitivity. Blood 103, 2630-2635 (2004). (Pubitemid 38393017)
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , Issue.7 , pp. 2630-2635
    • Shikata, E.1    Ieiri, I.2    Ishiguro, S.3    Aono, H.4    Inoue, K.5    Koide, T.6    Ohgi, S.7    Otsubo, K.8
  • 45
    • 27744516938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) microsatellite and warfarin dosing
    • DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1711
    • Chen, L. Y., Eriksson, N., Gwilliam, R., Bentley, D., Deloukas, P. & Wadelius, M. Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) microsatellite and warfarin dosing. Blood 106, 3673-3674 (2005). (Pubitemid 41609210)
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , Issue.10 , pp. 3673-3674
    • Chen, L.Y.1    Eriksson, N.2    Gwilliam, R.3    Bentley, D.4    Deloukas, P.5    Wadelius, M.6
  • 46
    • 0030715637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly of the warfarin-sensitive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase enzyme complex in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.272.46.29068
    • Cain, D., Hutson, S. M. & Wallin, R. Assembly of the warfarin-sensitive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase enzyme complex in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 29068-29075 (1997). (Pubitemid 27498194)
    • (1997) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.272 , Issue.46 , pp. 29068-29075
    • Cain, D.1    Hutson, S.M.2    Wallin, R.3
  • 47
    • 19144371313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common genetic variants of microsomal epoxide hydrolase affect warfarin dose requirements beyond the effect of cytochrome P450 2C9
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.01.010, PII S000992360500024X
    • Loebstein, R., Vecsler, M., Kurnik, D., Austerweil, N., Gak, E., Halkin, H. et al. Common genetic variants of microsomal epoxide hydrolase affect warfarin dose requirements beyond the effect of cytochrome P450 2C9. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 77, 365-372 (2005). (Pubitemid 40719265)
    • (2005) Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 365-372
    • Loebstein, R.1    Vecsler, M.2    Kurnik, D.3    Austerweil, N.4    Gak, E.5    Halkin, H.6    Almog, S.7
  • 48
    • 2942627237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inhibitory effect of calumenin on the vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation system: Characterization of the system in normal and warfarin-resistant rats
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M401645200
    • Wajih, N., Sane, D. C., Hutson, S. M. & Wallin, R. The inhibitory effect of calumenin on the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation system. Characterization of the system in normal and warfarin-resistant rats. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 25276-25283 (2004). (Pubitemid 38756780)
    • (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.279 , Issue.24 , pp. 25276-25283
    • Wajih, N.1    Sane, D.C.2    Hutson, S.M.3    Wallin, R.4
  • 50
    • 0037047297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The putative vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase internal propeptide appears to be the propeptide binding site
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M202292200
    • Lin, P. J., Jin, D. Y., Tie, J. K., Presnell, S. R., Straight, D. L. & Stafford, D. W. The putative vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase internal propeptide appears to be the propeptide binding site. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 28584-28591 (2002). (Pubitemid 41079286)
    • (2002) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.277 , Issue.32 , pp. 28584-28591
    • Lin, P.-J.1    Jin, D.-Y.2    Tie, J.-K.3    Presnell, S.R.4    Straight, D.L.5    Stafford, D.W.6
  • 51
    • 0035797889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel fluorescence assay to study propeptide interaction with γ-glutamyl carboxylase
    • DOI 10.1021/bi010332w
    • Presnell, S. R., Tripathy, A., Lentz, B. R., Jin, D. Y. & Stafford, D. W. A novel fluorescence assay to study propeptide interaction with gamma-glutamyl carboxylase. Biochemistry 40, 11723-11733 (2001). (Pubitemid 32910246)
    • (2001) Biochemistry , vol.40 , Issue.39 , pp. 11723-11733
    • Presnell, S.R.1    Tripathy, A.2    Lentz, B.R.3    Stafford, D.W.4
  • 52
    • 35448960483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • γ-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) tagSNPs have limited utility for predicting warfarin maintenance dose
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02744.x
    • Rieder, M. J., Reiner, A. P. & Rettie, A. E. Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) tagSNPs have limited utility for predicting warfarin maintenance dose. J. Thromb. Haemost. 5, 2227-2234 (2007). (Pubitemid 47617875)
    • (2007) Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis , vol.5 , Issue.11 , pp. 2227-2234
    • Rieder, M.J.1    Reiner, A.P.2    Rettie, A.E.3
  • 53
    • 0027239636 scopus 로고
    • Phylloquinone transport and its influence on γ-carboxyglutamate residues of osteocalcin in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
    • Saupe, J., Shearer, M. J. & Kohlmeier, M. Phylloquinone transport and its influence on gamma-carboxyglutamate residues of osteocalcin in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58, 204-208 (1993). (Pubitemid 23227893)
    • (1993) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 204-208
    • Saupe, J.1    Shearer, M.J.2    Kohlmeier, M.3
  • 54
    • 13244255512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiology of vitamin K nutriture and vitamin K-dependent protein function in atherosclerosis
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00968.x
    • Berkner, K. L. & Runge, K. W. The physiology of vitamin K nutriture and vitamin K-dependent protein function in atherosclerosis. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2, 2118-2132 (2004). (Pubitemid 40185771)
    • (2004) Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis , vol.2 , Issue.12 , pp. 2118-2132
    • Berkner, K.L.1    Runge, K.W.2
  • 56
    • 0023183155 scopus 로고
    • 1-acid glycoprotein and human albumin
    • Otagiri, M., Maruyama, T., Imai, T., Suenaga, A. & Imamura, Y. A comparative study of the interaction of warfarin with human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and human albumin. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 39, 416-420 (1987). (Pubitemid 17114396)
    • (1987) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 416-420
    • Otagiri, M.1    Maruyama, T.2    Imai, T.3
  • 57
    • 1142274548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02254
    • Li, T., Chang, C. Y., Jin, D. Y., Lin, P. J., Khvorova, A. & Stafford, D. W. Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase. Nature 427, 541-544 (2004). (Pubitemid 38209111)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.427 , Issue.6974 , pp. 541-544
    • Li, T.1    Chang, C.-Y.2    Jin, D.-Y.3    Lin, P.-J.4    Khvorova, A.5    Stafford, D.W.6
  • 61
    • 77952570889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin pharmacogenetics: A single VKORC1 polymorphism is predictive of dose across 3 racial groups
    • Limdi, N. A., Wadelius, M., Cavallari, L., Eriksson, N., Crawford, D. C., Lee, M. T. et al. Warfarin pharmacogenetics: a single VKORC1 polymorphism is predictive of dose across 3 racial groups. Blood 115, 3827-3834 (2010).
    • (2010) Blood , vol.115 , pp. 3827-3834
    • Limdi, N.A.1    Wadelius, M.2    Cavallari, L.3    Eriksson, N.4    Crawford, D.C.5    Lee, M.T.6
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
    • 40749123052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin pharmacogenetics: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes predict different sensitivity and resistance frequencies in the Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish populations
    • Scott, S. A., Edelmann, L., Kornreich, R. & Desnick, R. J. Warfarin pharmacogenetics: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes predict different sensitivity and resistance frequencies in the Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82, 495-500 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Hum. Genet , vol.82 , pp. 495-500
    • Scott, S.A.1    Edelmann, L.2    Kornreich, R.3    Desnick, R.J.4
  • 67
    • 51649110496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide scan for common genetic variants with a large influence on warfarin maintenance dose
    • Cooper, G. M., Johnson, J. A., Langaee, T. Y., Feng, H., Stanaway, I. B., Schwarz, U. I. et al. A genome-wide scan for common genetic variants with a large influence on warfarin maintenance dose. Blood 112, 1022-1027 (2008).
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 1022-1027
    • Cooper, G.M.1    Johnson, J.A.2    Langaee, T.Y.3    Feng, H.4    Stanaway, I.B.5    Schwarz, U.I.6
  • 68
    • 63449117825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study confirms VKORC1 CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 as principal genetic determinants of warfarin dose
    • Takeuchi, F., McGinnis, R., Bourgeois, S., Barnes, C., Eriksson, N., Soranzo, N. et al. A genome-wide association study confirms VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 as principal genetic determinants of warfarin dose. PLoS Genet. 5, e1000433 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS Genet , vol.5
    • Takeuchi, F.1    McGinnis, R.2    Bourgeois, S.3    Barnes, C.4    Eriksson, N.5    Soranzo, N.6
  • 69
    • 78149256303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study identifies genetic determinants of warfarin responsiveness for Japanese
    • Cha, P. C., Mushiroda, T., Takahashi, A., Kubo, M., Minami, S., Kamatani, N. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic determinants of warfarin responsiveness for Japanese. Hum. Mol. Genet. 19, 4735-4744 (2010).
    • (2010) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.19 , pp. 4735-4744
    • Cha, P.C.1    Mushiroda, T.2    Takahashi, A.3    Kubo, M.4    Minami, S.5    Kamatani, N.6
  • 71
    • 66849132349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP4F2 is a vitamin K1 oxidase: An explanation for altered warfarin dose in carriers of the V433M variant
    • McDonald, M. G., Rieder, M. J., Nakano, M., Hsia, C. K. & Rettie, A. E. CYP4F2 is a vitamin K1 oxidase: An explanation for altered warfarin dose in carriers of the V433M variant. Mol. Pharmacol. 75, 1337-1346 (2009).
    • (2009) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 1337-1346
    • McDonald, M.G.1    Rieder, M.J.2    Nakano, M.3    Hsia, C.K.4    Rettie, A.E.5
  • 72
    • 84869497712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the CYP4F2 p.V433M polymorphism on coumarin dose requirement: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Danese, E., Montagnana, M., Johnson, J. A., Rettie, A. E., Zambon, C. F., Lubitz, S. A. et al. Impact of the CYP4F2 p.V433M polymorphism on coumarin dose requirement: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 92, 746-756 (2012).
    • (2012) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther , vol.92 , pp. 746-756
    • Danese, E.1    Montagnana, M.2    Johnson, J.A.3    Rettie, A.E.4    Zambon, C.F.5    Lubitz, S.A.6
  • 73
    • 0027232447 scopus 로고
    • Prospective comparative study of computer programs used for management of warfarin
    • Poller, L., Wright, D. & Rowlands, M. Prospective comparative study of computer programs used for management of warfarin. J. Clin. Pathol. 46, 299-303 (1993). (Pubitemid 23138740)
    • (1993) Journal of Clinical Pathology , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-303
    • Poller, L.1    Wright, D.2    Rowlands, M.3
  • 74
    • 0029415155 scopus 로고
    • Validation of an algorithm for oval anticoagulant dosing and appointment scheduling
    • Vadher, B. D., Patterson, D. L. & Leaning, M. S. Validation of an algorithm for oral anticoagulant dosing and appointment scheduling. Clin. Lab. Haematol. 17, 339-345 (1995). (Pubitemid 26080275)
    • (1995) Clinical and Laboratory Haematology , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 339-345
    • Vadher, B.D.1    Patterson, D.L.H.2    Leaning, M.S.3
  • 75
    • 0034046908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computer generated induction system for hospitalized patients starting on oral anticoagulant therapy
    • Ageno, W., Johnson, J., Nowacki, B. & Turpie, A. G. A computer generated induction system for hospitalized patients starting on oral anticoagulant therapy. Thromb. Haemost. 83, 849-852 (2000). (Pubitemid 30411682)
    • (2000) Thrombosis and Haemostasis , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 849-852
    • Ageno, W.1    Johnson, J.2    Nowacki, B.3    Turpie, A.G.G.4
  • 76
    • 1542782670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of pharmacogenetics and clinical factors to predict the maintenance dose of warfarin
    • Gage, B. F., Eby, C., Milligan, P. E., Banet, G. A., Duncan, J. R. & McLeod, H. L. Use of pharmacogenetics and clinical factors to predict the maintenance dose of warfarin. Thromb. Haemost. 91, 87-94 (2004). (Pubitemid 38111225)
    • (2004) Thrombosis and Haemostasis , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-94
    • Gage, B.F.1    Eby, C.2    Milligan, P.E.3    Banet, G.A.4    Duncan, J.R.5    McLeod, H.L.6
  • 78
    • 84861749797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new algorithm to predict warfarin dose from polymorphisms of CYP4F2, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 and clinical variables: Derivation in Han Chinese patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation
    • Wei, M., Ye, F., Xie, D., Zhu, Y., Zhu, J., Tao, Y. et al. A new algorithm to predict warfarin dose from polymorphisms of CYP4F2, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 and clinical variables: derivation in Han Chinese patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation. Thromb. Haemost. 107, 1083-1091 (2012).
    • (2012) Thromb. Haemost , vol.107 , pp. 1083-1091
    • Wei, M.1    Ye, F.2    Xie, D.3    Zhu, Y.4    Zhu, J.5    Tao, Y.6
  • 79
    • 84870917949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency and effectiveness of the use of an acenocoumarol pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm versus usual care in patients with venous thromboembolic disease initiating oral anticoagulation: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    • Carcas, A. J., Borobia, A. M., Velasco, M., Abad-Santos, F., Diaz, M. Q., Fernandez-Capitan, C. et al. Efficiency and effectiveness of the use of an acenocoumarol pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm versus usual care in patients with venous thromboembolic disease initiating oral anticoagulation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 13, 239 (2012).
    • (2012) Trials , vol.13 , pp. 239
    • Carcas, A.J.1    Borobia, A.M.2    Velasco, M.3    Abad-Santos, F.4    Diaz, M.Q.5    Fernandez-Capitan, C.6
  • 80
    • 77953745542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative performance of gene-based warfarin dosing algorithms in a multiethnic population
    • Lubitz, S. A., Scott, S. A., Rothlauf, E. B., Agarwal, A., Peter, I., Doheny, D. et al. Comparative performance of gene-based warfarin dosing algorithms in a multiethnic population. J. Thromb. Haemost. 8, 1018-1026 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Thromb. Haemost , vol.8 , pp. 1018-1026
    • Lubitz, S.A.1    Scott, S.A.2    Rothlauf, E.B.3    Agarwal, A.4    Peter, I.5    Doheny, D.6
  • 82
    • 79955486891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposal of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithm in Korean patients
    • Choi, J. R., Kim, J. O., Kang, D. R., Yoon, S. A., Shin, J. Y., Zhang, X. et al. Proposal of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithm in Korean patients. J. Hum. Genet. 56, 290-295 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Hum. Genet , vol.56 , pp. 290-295
    • Choi, J.R.1    Kim, J.O.2    Kang, D.R.3    Yoon, S.A.4    Shin, J.Y.5    Zhang, X.6
  • 83
    • 84863393868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype and patient characteristics explain a large proportion of the variability in warfarin dose requirement among children
    • Biss, T. T., Avery, P. J., Brandao, L. R., Chalmers, E. A., Williams, M. D., Grainger, J. D. et al. VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype and patient characteristics explain a large proportion of the variability in warfarin dose requirement among children. Blood 119, 868-873 (2012).
    • (2012) Blood , vol.119 , pp. 868-873
    • Biss, T.T.1    Avery, P.J.2    Brandao, L.R.3    Chalmers, E.A.4    Williams, M.D.5    Grainger, J.D.6
  • 84
    • 84856072430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin K antagonists in children with heart disease: Height and VKORC1 genotype are the main determinants of the warfarin dose requirement
    • Moreau, C., Bajolle, F., Siguret, V., Lasne, D., Golmard, J. L., Elie, C. et al. Vitamin K antagonists in children with heart disease: height and VKORC1 genotype are the main determinants of the warfarin dose requirement. Blood 119, 861-867 (2012).
    • (2012) Blood , vol.119 , pp. 861-867
    • Moreau, C.1    Bajolle, F.2    Siguret, V.3    Lasne, D.4    Golmard, J.L.5    Elie, C.6
  • 89
    • 39449086981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP2C9 genotype-guided warfarin prescribing enhances the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation: A prospective randomized controlled study
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100316, PII 6100316
    • Caraco, Y., Blotnick, S. & Muszkat, M. CYP2C9 genotype-guided warfarin prescribing enhances the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation: a prospective randomized controlled study. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 83, 460-470 (2008). (Pubitemid 351272635)
    • (2008) Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 460-470
    • Caraco, Y.1    Blotnick, S.2    Muszkat, M.3
  • 90
    • 77953304931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin genotyping reduces hospitalization rates results from the MM-WES (Medco-Mayo Warfarin Effectiveness study)
    • Epstein, R. S., Moyer, T. P., Aubert, R. E., O Kane, D. J., Xia, F., Verbrugge, R. R. et al. Warfarin genotyping reduces hospitalization rates results from the MM-WES (Medco-Mayo Warfarin Effectiveness study). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55, 2804-2812 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 2804-2812
    • Epstein, R.S.1    Moyer, T.P.2    Aubert, R.E.3    Kane D J, O.4    Xia, F.5    Verbrugge, R.R.6
  • 91
    • 80052930568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of a pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin loading and maintenance dose regimen for initiation of therapy
    • Gong, I. Y., Tirona, R. G., Schwarz, U. I., Crown, N., Dresser, G. K., Larue, S. et al. Prospective evaluation of a pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin loading and maintenance dose regimen for initiation of therapy. Blood 118, 3163-3171 (2011).
    • (2011) Blood , vol.118 , pp. 3163-3171
    • Gong, I.Y.1    Tirona, R.G.2    Schwarz, U.I.3    Crown, N.4    Dresser, G.K.5    Larue, S.6
  • 92
    • 77952951395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene-based warfarin dosing compared with standard of care practices in an orthopedic surgery population: A prospective, parallel cohort study
    • McMillin, G. A., Melis, R., Wilson, A., Strong, M. B., Wanner, N. A., Vinik, R. G. et al. Gene-based warfarin dosing compared with standard of care practices in an orthopedic surgery population: a prospective, parallel cohort study. Ther. Drug. Monit. 32, 338-345 (2010).
    • (2010) Ther. Drug. Monit , vol.32 , pp. 338-345
    • McMillin, G.A.1    Melis, R.2    Wilson, A.3    Strong, M.B.4    Wanner, N.A.5    Vinik, R.G.6
  • 94
    • 49849105411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory and clinical outcomes of pharmacogenetic vs. clinical protocols for warfarin initiation in orthopedic patients
    • Lenzini, P. A., Grice, G. R., Milligan, P. E., Dowd, M. B., Subherwal, S., Deych, E. et al. Laboratory and clinical outcomes of pharmacogenetic vs. clinical protocols for warfarin initiation in orthopedic patients. J. Thromb. Haemost. 6, 1655-1662 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Thromb. Haemost , vol.6 , pp. 1655-1662
    • Lenzini, P.A.1    Grice, G.R.2    Milligan, P.E.3    Dowd, M.B.4    Subherwal, S.5    Deych, E.6
  • 96
    • 84862777241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized and clinical effectiveness trial comparing two pharmacogenetic algorithms and standard care for individualizing warfarin dosing (CoumaGen-II)
    • Anderson, J. L., Horne, B. D., Stevens, S. M., Woller, S. C., Samuelson, K. M., Mansfield, J. W. et al. A randomized and clinical effectiveness trial comparing two pharmacogenetic algorithms and standard care for individualizing warfarin dosing (CoumaGen-II). Circulation 125, 1997-2005 (2012).
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.125 , pp. 1997-2005
    • Anderson, J.L.1    Horne, B.D.2    Stevens, S.M.3    Woller, S.C.4    Samuelson, K.M.5    Mansfield, J.W.6
  • 99
    • 79958813704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation
    • Shah, S. V. & Gage, B. F. Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. Circulation 123, 2562-2570 (2011).
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 2562-2570
    • Shah, S.V.1    Gage, B.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.