Renal cell carcinoma

Translational Pathology of Early Cancer

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 461-473

  Cairns, Paul ^a  

^a FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Chromophobe; Clear cell; Diagnosis; End stage renal disease (ESRD); Epigenetics; Genetics; Hypermethylation; Multifocal; Natural history; Papillary; Precursor lesion; Prognosis; Renal cell carcinoma (RCC); Small renal masses (SRM); Therapy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880190375     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-024-6-461     Document Type: Chapter

References (122)

1. A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward, Y. Hao, J. Xu and M.J. Thun, Cancer statistics, 2009, CA Cancer J Clin 59 (2009), 225-249.
2. P. Russo, Contemporary understanding and management of renal cortical tumors, Urol Clin North Am 35 (2008), xiii-xvii.
3. G.J. Decastro and J.M. McKiernan, Epidemiology, clinical staging, and presentation of renal cell carcinoma, Urol Clin North Am 35 (2008), 581-592; vi.
4. R. Dhote, M. Pellicer-Coeuret, N. Thiounn, B. Debre and G. Vidal-Trecan, Risk factors for adult renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and implications for prevention, BJU Int 86 (2000), 20-27.
5. R.P. Gibbons, J.E. Monte, R.J. Correa, Jr. and J.T. Mason, Manifestations of renal cell carcinoma, Urology 8 (1976), 201-206.
6. H.T. Cohen and F.J. McGovern, Renal-cell carcinoma, N Engl J Med 353 (2005), 2477-2490.
7. P.A. Jones, N.J. Vogelzang and J.A.O. Gomez, Report of the Kidney/Bladder Cancer Progress ReviewGroup, NCI (2002).
8. T.E. Hutson and R.A. Figlin, Novel therapeutics formetastatic renal cell carcinoma, Cancer 115 (2009), 2361-2367.
9. G. Kovacs, M. Akhtar, B.J. Beckwith et al., The Heidelberg classification of renal cell tumours, J Pathol 183 (1997), 131-133.
10. American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook -7th Ed., Springer, 2010.
11. L.M. Hock, J. Lynch and K.C. Balaji, Increasing incidence of all stages of kidney cancer in the last 2 decades in the United States: an analysis of surveillance, epidemiology and end results program data, J Urol 167 (2002), 57-60.
12. B. Delahunt, P.B. Bethwaite and J.N. Nacey, Outcome prediction for renal cell carcinoma: evaluation of prognostic factors for tumours divided according to histological subtype, Pathology 39 (2007), 459-465.
13. B. Delahunt, Advances and controversies in grading and staging of renal cell carcinoma, Mod Pathol 22(Suppl 2) (2009), S24-36.
14. C.P. Pavlovich and L.S. Schmidt, Searching for the hereditary causes of renal-cell carcinoma, Nat Rev Cancer 4 (2004), 381-393.
15. F. Latif, K. Tory, J. Gnarra et al., Identification of the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene, Science 260 (1993), 1317-1320.
16. C.P. Pavlovich, L.S. Schmidt and J.L. Phillips, The genetic basis of renal cell carcinoma, Urol Clin North Am 30 (2003), 437-454, vii.
17. J.R. Gnarra, K. Tory, Y. Weng et al., Mutations of the VHL tumour suppressor gene in renal carcinoma, Nature Genet 7 (1994), 85-90.
18. G.L. Dalgliesh, K. Furge, C. Greenman et al., Systematic sequencing of renal carcinoma reveals inactivation of histone modifying genes, Nature (2010).
19. E. Dulaimi, I. Ibanez De Caceres, R.G. Uzzo et al., Promoter Hypermethylation Profile of Kidney Cancer, Clinical Cancer Research (2004).
20. J.D. Gordan, P. Lal, V.R. Dondeti et al., HIF-alpha effects on c-Myc distinguish two subtypes of sporadic VHL-deficient clear cell renal carcinoma, Cancer Cell 14 (2008), 435-446.
21. W. G. Kaelin, Jr., The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein and clear cell renal carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res 13 (2007), 680s-684s.
22. W.M. Linehan and B. Zbar, Focus on kidney cancer, Cancer Cell 6 (2004), 223-228.
23. R.K. Thomas, A.C. Baker, R.M. Debiasi et al., Highthroughput oncogene mutation profiling in human cancer, Nat Genet 39 (2007), 347-351.
24. R. Beroukhim, J.P. Brunet, A. Di Napoli et al., Patterns of gene expression and copy-number alterations in von-hippel lindau disease-associated and sporadic clear cell carcinoma of the kidney, Cancer Res 69 (2009), 4674-4681.
25. H. Moch, G. Sauter, T.C. Gasser et al., EGF-r gene copy number changes in renal cell carcinoma detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization, J Pathol 184 (1998), 424-429.
26. H. Moch, G. Sauter, N. Buchholz et al., Epidermal growth factor receptor expression is associated with rapid tumor cell proliferation in renal cell carcinoma, Hum Pathol 28 (1997), 1255-1259.
27. P. Schraml, J. Kononen, L. Bubendorf et al., Tissue microarrays for gene amplification surveys in many different tumor types, Clin Cancer Res 5 (1999), 1966-1975.
28. U.Weidner, S. Peter, T. Strohmeyer, R. Hussnatter, R. Ackermann and H. Sies, Inverse relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu gene expression in human renal cell carcinoma, Cancer Res 50 (1990), 4504-4509.
29. G. Kovacs, S. Szucs, W. De Riese and H. Baumgartel, Speci fic chromosome aberration in human renal cell carcinoma, Int J Cancer 40 (1987), 171-178.
30. C.A. Thrash-Bingham, R.E. Greenberg, S. Howard et al., Comprehensive allelotyping of human renal cell carcinomas using microsatellite DNA probes, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 (1995), 2854-2858.
31. M.Wilhelm, J. A. Veltman, A. B. Olshen et al., Array-based comparative genomic hybridization for the differential diagnosis of renal cell cancer, Cancer Res 62 (2002), 957-960.
32. P. Cairns, T.J. Polascik, Y. Eby et al., Frequency of homozygous deletion at p16/CDKN2 in primary human tumours, Nature Genet 11 (1995), 210-212.
33. H. Haibach, T.W. Burns, H.E.Carlson, K.D. Burman and L.J. Deftos, Multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden's disease) associated with renal cell carcinoma and primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma) Am J Clin Pathol 97 (1992), 705-712.
34. P. Cairns, E. Evron, K. Okami et al., Point mutation and homozygous deletion of PTEN/MMAC1 in primary bladder cancers, Oncogene 16 (1998), 3215-3218.
35. M.A. Zysman,W.B. Chapman and B. Bapat, Considerations when analyzing the methylation status of PTEN tumor suppressor gene, Am J Pathol 160 (2002), 795-800.
36. C. Stolle, G. Glenn, B. Zbar et al., Improved detection of germline mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene, Hum Mutat 12 (1998), 417-423.
37. G. Kovacs, A. Emanuel, H.P. Neumann and H.F.Kung, Cytogenetics of renal cell carcinomas associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease, Genes Chromosomes Cancer 3 (1991), 256-262.
38. M. Takahashi, D.R. Rhodes, K.A. Furge et al., Gene expression profiling of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: gene identi-fication and prognostic classification, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 (2001), 9754-9759.
39. J.R.Vasselli, J.H. Shih, S.R. Iyengar et al., Predicting survival in patients with metastatic kidney cancer by gene-expression profiling in the primary tumor, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 (2003), 6958-6963.
40. J. Jones, H. Otu, D. Spentzos et al., Gene signatures of progression and metastasis in renal cell cancer, Clin Cancer Res 11 (2005), 5730-5739.
41. J.P. Higgins, R. Shinghal, H. Gill et al., Gene expression patterns in renal cell carcinoma assessed by complementary DNA microarray, Am J Pathol 162 (2003), 925-932.
42. M. Takahashi, X.J. Yang, J. Sugimura et al., Molecular subclassi fication of kidney tumors and the discovery of new diagnostic markers, Oncogene 22 (2003), 6810-6818.
43. A.N. Young, M.B. Amin, C.S. Moreno et al., Expression profiling of renal epithelial neoplasms: a method for tumor classification and discovery of diagnostic molecular markers, Am J Pathol 158 (2001), 1639-1651.
44. S. Rohan, J.J. Tu, J. Kao et al., Gene expression profiling separates chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from oncocytoma and identifies vesicular transport and cell junction proteins as differentially expressed genes, Clinical Cancer Research 12 (2006), 6937-6945.
45. X.J. Yang, M.H. Tan, H.L. Kim et al., A molecular classification of papillary renal cell carcinoma, Cancer Res 65 (2005), 5628-5637.
46. M. Abdulrahman, E.N. Maina, M.R. Morris et al., Identi-fication of novel VHL targets that are associated with the development of renal cell carcinoma, Oncogene 26 (2007), 1661-1672.
47. E. N. Maina, M. R. Morris, M. Zatyka et al., Identification of novel VHL target genes and relationship to hypoxic response pathways, Oncogene 24 (2005), 4549-4558.
48. K.A. Furge, M.H. Tan, K. Dykema et al., Identification of deregulated oncogenic pathways in renal cell carcinoma: an integrated oncogenomic approach based on gene expression profiling, Oncogene 26 (2007), 1346-1350.
49. B. Bussolati, S. Bruno, C. Grange, U. Ferrando and G. Camussi, Identification of a tumor-initiating stem cell population in human renal carcinomas, FASEB J 22 (2008), 3696-3705.
50. I. Ibanez de Caceres, E. Dulaimi, A.M. Hoffman, T. Al-Saleem, R.G. Uzzo and P. Cairns, Identification of novel target genes by an epigenetic reactivation screen of renal cancer, Cancer Res 66 (2006), 5021-5028.
51. J.G. Herman, F. Latif, Y. Weng et al., Silencing of the VHL tumor-suppressor gene by DNA methylation in renal carcinoma, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 (1994), 9700-9704.
52. N.F. da Silva, D. Gentle, L.B. Hesson, D.G. Morton, F. Latif and E.R. Maher, Analysis of the Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) tumour suppressor gene in sporadic renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer, J Med Genet 40 (2003), 820-824.
53. S. Gad, S.H. Lefevre, S.K. Khoo et al., Mutations in BHD and TP53 genes, but not in HNF1beta gene, in a large series of sporadic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, Br J Cancer 96 (2007), 336-340.
54. M. Esteller, A. Sparks, M. Toyota et al., Analysis of adenomatous polyposis coli promoter hypermethylation in human cancer, Cancer Res 60 (2000), 4366-4371.
55. E. Dahl, F. Wiesmann, M. Woenckhaus et al., Frequent loss of SFRP1 expression in multiple human solid tumours: association with aberrant promoter methylation in renal cell carcinoma, Oncogene 26 (2007), 5680-5691.
56. S. Urakami, H. Shiina, H. Enokida et al., Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection, Clin Cancer Res 12 (2006), 2109-2116.
57. A. Hoffman and P. Cairns, Kidney and Bladder Cancer Epigenetics, Epigenomics in press, 2010.
58. M. Jung, H.J. Mollenkopf, C. Grimm et al., MicroRNA pro-filing of clear cell renal cell cancer identifies a robust signature to define renal malignancy, J Cell Mol Med 13 (2009), 3918-3928.
59. C. Nakada, K. Matsuura, Y. Tsukamoto et al., Genome-wide microRNA expression profiling in renal cell carcinoma: signi ficant down-regulation of miR-141 and miR-200c, J Pathol 216 (2008), 418-427.
60. D. Juan, G. Alexe, T. Antes et al., Identification of aMicroRNA Panel for Clear-cell Kidney Cancer, Urology (2009).
61. L. Schmidt, F. M. Duh, F. Chen et al., Germline and somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the MET protooncogene in papillary renal carcinomas, NatGenet 16 (1997), 68-73.
62. Z. Zhuang, W.S. Park, S. Pack et al., Trisomy 7-harbouring non-random duplication of the mutant MET allele in hereditary papillary renal carcinomas, Nat Genet 20 (1998), 66-69.
63. J. Fischer, G. Palmedo, R. von Knobloch et al., Duplication and overexpression of the mutant allele of the MET protooncogene in multiple hereditary papillary renal cell tumours, Oncogene 17 (1998), 733-739.
64. L. Schmidt, K. Junker, N. Nakaigawa et al., Novel mutations of the MET proto-oncogene in papillary renal carcinomas, Oncogene 18 (1999), 2343-2350.
65. B. Delahunt and J.N. Eble, Papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 105 tumors, Mod Pathol 10 (1997), 537-544.
66. A. Szponar, D. Zubakov, J. Pawlak, A. Jauch and G. Kovacs, Three genetic developmental stages of papillary renal cell tumors: duplication of chromosome 1q marks fatal progression, Int J Cancer 124 (2009), 2071-2076.
67. B. Delahunt, J.N. Eble, M.R. McCredie, P.B. Bethwaite, J.H. Stewart and A.M. Bilous, Morphologic typing of papillary renal cell carcinoma: comparison of growth kinetics and patient survival in 66 cases, Hum Pathol 32 (2001), 590-595.
68. I.A. Lubensky, L. Schmidt, Z. Zhuang et al., Hereditary and sporadic papillary renal carcinomas with c-met mutations share a distinct morphological phenotype, Am J Pathol 155 (1999), 517-526.
69. I.P. Tomlinson, N.A. Alam, A.J. Rowan et al., Germline mutations in FH predispose to dominantly inherited uterine fibroids, skin leiomyomata and papillary renal cell cancer, Nat Genet 30 (2002), 406-410.
70. M. Kiuru, R. Lehtonen, J. Arola et al., Few FH mutations in sporadic counterparts of tumor types observed in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer families, Cancer Res 62 (2002), 4554-4557.
71. G. Kovacs, L. Fuzesi, A. Emanual and H.F. Kung, Cytogenetics of papillary renal cell tumors, Genes Chromosomes Cancer 3 (1991), 249-255.
72. G. Kovacs, Molecular cytogenetics of renal cell tumors, Adv Cancer Res 62 (1993), 89-124.
73. P. Cairns, K. Tokino, Y. Eby and D. Sidransky, Localization of tumor suppressor loci on chromosome 9 in primary human renal cell carcinomas, Cancer Res 55 (1995), 224-227.
74. D. Schullerus, J. Herbers, J. Chudek, H. Kanamaru and G. Kovacs, Loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 8p, 9p, and 14q is associated with stage and grade of non-papillary renal cell carcinomas, J Pathol 183 (1997), 151-155.
75. M.R. Speicher, B. Schoell, S. du Manoir et al., Specific loss of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21 in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization, Am J Pathol 145 (1994), 356-364.
76. P. Bugert and G. Kovacs, Molecular differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinomas by microsatellite analysis, Am J Pathol 149 (1996), 2081-2088.
77. C. Kenck, M.Wilhelm, P. Bugert, G. Staehler and G. Kovacs, Mutation of the VHL gene is associated exclusively with the development of non-papillary renal cell carcinomas, J Pathol 179 (1996), 157-161.
78. H. Contractor, M. Zariwala, P. Bugert, J. Zeisler and G. Kovacs, Mutation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene occurs preferentially in the chromophobe type of renal cell tumour, J Pathol 181 (1997), 136-139.
79. K. Yamazaki, M. Sakamoto, T. Ohta, Y. Kanai, M. Ohki and S. Hirohashi, Overexpression of KIT in chromophobe renalcell carcinoma, Oncogene 22 (2003), 847-852.
80. A. Haitel, M. Susani, N.Wick, P.R. Mazal and F.Wrba, c-kit overexpression in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is not associated with c-kit mutation of exons 9 and 11, Am J Surg Pathol 29 (2005), 842.
81. A. Haitel, M. Susani, N.Wick, P.R. Mazal and F.Wrba, c-kit overexpression in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is not associated with c-kit mutation of exons 9 and 11, Am J Surg Pathol 29 (2005), 842.
82. J.R. Toro, M.H. Wei, G.M. Glenn et al., BHD mutations, clinical and molecular genetic investigations of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome: a new series of 50 families and a review of published reports, J Med Genet 45 (2008), 321-331.
83. M.L. Nickerson, M.B. Warren, J.R. Toro et al., Mutations in a novel gene lead to kidney tumors, lung wall defects, and benign tumors of the hair follicle in patients with the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, Cancer Cell 2 (2002), 157-164.
84. S.K. Khoo, K. Kahnoski, J. Sugimura et al., Inactivation of BHD in sporadic renal tumors, Cancer Res 63 (2003), 4583-4587.
85. A. Nagy, D. Zoubakov, Z. Stupar and G. Kovacs, Lack of mutation of the folliculin gene in sporadic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma, Int J Cancer 109 (2004), 472-475.
86. T.J. Polascik, P.Cairns, J.I. Epstein et al., Distal nephron renal tumors: microsatellite allelotype, Cancer Res 56 (1996), 1892-1895.
87. G. Steiner, P. Cairns, T.J. Polascik et al., High-density mapping of chromosomal arm 1q in renal collecting duct carcinoma: region of minimal deletion at 1q32.1-32.2, Cancer Res 56 (1996), 5044-5046.
88. M. Schoenberg, P. Cairns, J.D. Brooks et al., Frequent loss of chromosome arms 8p and 13q in collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney, Genes Chromosomes Cancer 12 (1995), 76-80.
89. J.R. Srigley and B. Delahunt, Uncommon and recently described renal carcinomas, Mod Pathol 22(Suppl 2) (2009), S2-S23.
90. J. Presti, J.C.H. Moch, A.B. Gelb, D. Huynh and F.M.Waldman, Initiating genetic events in small renal neoplasms detected by comparative genomic hybridization, J Urol 160 (1998), 1557-1561.
91. H. Van Poppel, S. Nilsson, F. Algaba et al., Precancerous lesions in the kidney, Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl (2000), 136-165.
92. I.A. Lubensky, J.R.Gnarra, P. Bertheau, M.M.Walther,W.M. Linehan and Z. Zhuang, Allelic deletions of the VHL gene detected in multiple microscopic clear cell renal lesions in von Hippel-Lindau disease patients, Am J Pathol 149 (1996), 2089-2094.
93. K. Junker, K. Thrum, A. Schlichter, G. Muller, W. Hindermann and J. Schubert, Clonal origin of multifocal renal cell carcinoma as determined by microsatellite analysis, J Urol 168 (2002), 2632-2636.
94. H. Miyake, H. Nakamura, I. Hara et al., Multifocal renal cell carcinoma: evidence for a common clonal origin, Clin Cancer Res 4 (1998), 2491-2494.
95. L. Cheng, G.T. MacLennan, S. Zhang et al., Evidence for polyclonal origin ofmultifocal clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res 14 (2008), 8087-8093.
96. T.D. Jones, J.N. Eble, M. Wang et al., Molecular genetic evidence for the independent origin of multifocal papillary tumors in patients with papillary renal cell carcinomas, Clin Cancer Res 11 (2005), 7226-7233.
97. G. Kovacs, Re: clonal origin of multifocal renal cell carcinoma as determined by microsatellite analysis, J Urol 170 (2003), 1325-1326; author reply 1326.
98. S.J. Jang and L. Mao, Methylation patterns in human androgen receptor gene and clonality analysis, Cancer Res 60 (2000), 864-866.
99. K. Gohji, I. Hara, A. Gotoh et al., Multifocal renal cell carcinoma in Japanese patients with tumors with maximal diameters of 50 mm. or less, J Urol 159 (1998), 1144-1147.
100. S.C. Campbell, A.C. Novick, A. Belldegrun et al., Guideline for management of the clinical T1 renal mass, J Urol 182 (2009), 1271-1279.
101. V.E. Reuter and J.C. Presti, Jr., Contemporary approach to the classification of renal epithelial tumors, Semin Oncol 27 (2000), 124-137.
102. F. Wiklund, S. Tretli, T.K. Choueiri, S. Signoretti, K. Fall, H.O. Adami, Risk of bilateral renal cell cancer, J Clin Oncol 27 (2009), 3737-3741.
103. W.M. Linehan, Genetic basis of bilateral renal cancer: implications for evaluation and management, J Clin Oncol 27 (2009), 3731-3733.
104. A. Schwarz, S. Vatandaslar, S. Merkel and H. Haller, Renal cell carcinoma in transplant recipients with acquired cystic kidney disease, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2 (2007), 750-756.
105. G.M. Fick-Brosnahan, Polycystic and acquired cystic kidney disease. In: Primer on Kidney Diseases, A. Greenberg, ed., San Francisco: Academic Press, 2001. pp. 303-308.
106. J.D. Scandling, Acquired cystic kidney disease and renal cell cancer after transplantation: time to rethink screening, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2 (2007), 621-622.
107. W.H. Chow, G. Gridley, J.F. Fraumeni, Jr. and B. Jarvholm, Obesity, hypertension, and the risk of kidney cancer in men, N Engl J Med 343 (2000), 1305-1311.
108. A.S. Parker, J.R. Cerhan, C.A. Janney, C.F. Lynch and K.P. Cantor, Smoking cessation and renal cell carcinoma, Ann Epidemiol 13 (2003), 245-251.
109. S. Karami, P. Brennan, M. Navratilova et al., Vitamin d pathway genes, diet, and risk of renal cell carcinoma, Int J Endocrinol 2010 (2010), 879362.
110. R.C. Bast, Jr., M. Brewer, C. Zou et al., Prevention and early detection of ovarian cancer: mission impossible?, Recent Results Cancer Res 174 (2007), 91-100.
111. P. Cairns and D. Sidransky, Molecular methods for the diagnosis of cancer, Biochim Biophys Acta 1423 (1999), C11- C18.
112. P. Cairns, Gene methylation and early detection of genitourinary cancer: the road ahead, Nat Rev Cancer 7 (2007), 531- 543.
113. C. Battagli, R.G. Uzzo, E.Dulaimi et al., Promoter Hypermethylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Urine from Kidney Cancer Patients, Cancer Res 63 (2003), 8695-8699.
114. M.O. Hoque, S. Begum, O. Topaloglu et al., Quantitative detection of promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes in the tumor, urine, and serum DNA of patients with renal cancer, Cancer Res 64 (2004), 5511-5517.
115. S.N. Chawla, P.L. Crispen, A.L. Hanlon, R.E. Greenberg, D.Y. Chen and R.G. Uzzo, The natural history of observed enhancing renal masses: meta-analysis and review of the world literature, J Urol 175 (2006), 425-431.
116. B.G. Duffey, P.L. Choyke, G. Glenn et al., The relationship between renal tumor size and metastases in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease, J Urol 172 (2004), 63-65.
117. J.A. Kontak and S.C. Campbell, Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma, Urol Clin North Am 30 (2003), 467-480.
118. J.S. Lam, T. Klatte, H.L. Kim et al., Prognostic factors and selection for clinical studies of patients with kidney cancer, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 65 (2008), 235-262.
119. E.R. Fearon and B.Vogelstein, Ageneticmodel for colorectal tumorigenesis, Cell 61 (1990), 759-767.
120. C. Béroud, J.-C. Fournet, C. Jeanpierre et al., Correlations of allelic imbalance of chromosome 14 with adverse prognostic parameters in 148 renal cell carcinomas, Genes Chromosomes Cancer 17 (1996), 215-224.
121. H. Moch, J.C. Presti, Jr., G. Sauter et al., Genetic aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridization are associated with clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma, Cancer Res 56 (1996), 27-30.
122. P. Schraml, D. Muller, R. Bednar et al., Allelic loss at the D9S171 locus on chromosome 9p13 is associated with progression of papillary renal cell carcinoma, J Pathol 190 (2000), 457-461.