메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 651-675

Toxic Shock Syndrome. Major Advances in Pathogenesis, But Not Treatment.

Author keywords

Cytokine storm; Group A streptococcus; Necrotizing fasciitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Superantigen; Toxic shock syndrome

Indexed keywords

AZUROCIDIN; CLINDAMYCIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; M PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CD28; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; RESISTIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN;

EID: 84880028228     PISSN: 07490704     EISSN: 15578232     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.012     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (77)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 0029114579 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial pyrogenic exotoxins as superantigens
    • Kotb M. Bacterial pyrogenic exotoxins as superantigens. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995, 8:411-426.
    • (1995) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.8 , pp. 411-426
    • Kotb, M.1
  • 2
    • 0000405278 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus infection with a scarlitiniform rash
    • Stevens F.A. The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus infection with a scarlitiniform rash. JAMA 1927, 88:1957-1958.
    • (1927) JAMA , vol.88 , pp. 1957-1958
    • Stevens, F.A.1
  • 3
    • 0018070935 scopus 로고
    • Toxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I staphylococci
    • Todd J., Fishaut M., Kapral F., et al. Toxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I staphylococci. Lancet 1978, 2:1116-1118.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1116-1118
    • Todd, J.1    Fishaut, M.2    Kapral, F.3
  • 4
    • 0019328394 scopus 로고
    • Toxic-shock syndrome in menstruating women: association with tampon use and Staphylococcus aureus and clinical features in 52 cases
    • Shands K.N., Schmid G.P., Dan B.B., et al. Toxic-shock syndrome in menstruating women: association with tampon use and Staphylococcus aureus and clinical features in 52 cases. NEngl J Med 1980, 303:1436-1442.
    • (1980) NEngl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 1436-1442
    • Shands, K.N.1    Schmid, G.P.2    Dan, B.B.3
  • 5
    • 0019328405 scopus 로고
    • Toxic-shock syndrome: epidemiologic features, recurrence, risk factors, and prevention
    • Davis J.P., Chesney P.J., Wand P.J., et al. Toxic-shock syndrome: epidemiologic features, recurrence, risk factors, and prevention. NEngl J Med 1980, 303:1429-1435.
    • (1980) NEngl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 1429-1435
    • Davis, J.P.1    Chesney, P.J.2    Wand, P.J.3
  • 6
    • 0019983061 scopus 로고
    • Toxin and enzyme characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with and without toxic shock syndrome
    • Schlievert P.M., Osterholm M.T., Kelly J.A., et al. Toxin and enzyme characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with and without toxic shock syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1982, 96:937-940.
    • (1982) Ann Intern Med , vol.96 , pp. 937-940
    • Schlievert, P.M.1    Osterholm, M.T.2    Kelly, J.A.3
  • 7
    • 0021673629 scopus 로고
    • Antibody responses to toxic-shock-syndrome (TSS) toxin by patients with TSS and by healthy staphylococcal carriers
    • Bonventre P.F., Linnemann C., Weckbach L.S., et al. Antibody responses to toxic-shock-syndrome (TSS) toxin by patients with TSS and by healthy staphylococcal carriers. JInfect Dis 1984, 150:662-666.
    • (1984) JInfect Dis , vol.150 , pp. 662-666
    • Bonventre, P.F.1    Linnemann, C.2    Weckbach, L.S.3
  • 8
    • 0023219580 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Cone L.A., Woodward D.R., Schlievert P.M., et al. Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes. NEngl J Med 1987, 317:146-149.
    • (1987) NEngl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 146-149
    • Cone, L.A.1    Woodward, D.R.2    Schlievert, P.M.3
  • 9
    • 0023878154 scopus 로고
    • "Toxic strep syndrome": manifestation of group A streptococcal infection
    • Bartter T., Dascal A., Carroll K., et al. "Toxic strep syndrome": manifestation of group A streptococcal infection. Arch Intern Med 1988, 148:1421-1424.
    • (1988) Arch Intern Med , vol.148 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Bartter, T.1    Dascal, A.2    Carroll, K.3
  • 10
    • 0024340460 scopus 로고
    • Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A
    • Stevens D.L., Tanner M.H., Winship J., et al. Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A. NEngl J Med 1989, 321:1-7.
    • (1989) NEngl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 1-7
    • Stevens, D.L.1    Tanner, M.H.2    Winship, J.3
  • 11
    • 84948010525 scopus 로고
    • Toxic shock syndrome. A newly recognized complication of influenza and influenzalike illness
    • MacDonald K.L., Osterholm M.T., Hedberg C.W., et al. Toxic shock syndrome. A newly recognized complication of influenza and influenzalike illness. JAMA 1987, 257:1053-1058.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.257 , pp. 1053-1058
    • MacDonald, K.L.1    Osterholm, M.T.2    Hedberg, C.W.3
  • 12
    • 0021095527 scopus 로고
    • Update: toxic-shock syndrome-United States
    • Centers for Disease Control
    • Centers for Disease Control Update: toxic-shock syndrome-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1983, 32:398.
    • (1983) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.32 , pp. 398
  • 13
    • 2942625813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reemergence of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, during the 2000-2003 surveillance period
    • Schlievert P.M., Tripp T.J., Peterson M.L. Reemergence of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, during the 2000-2003 surveillance period. JClin Microbiol 2004, 42:2875-2876.
    • (2004) JClin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 2875-2876
    • Schlievert, P.M.1    Tripp, T.J.2    Peterson, M.L.3
  • 14
    • 80051511204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics
    • DeVries A.S., Lesher L., Schlievert P.M., et al. Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics. PLoS One 2011, 6:e22997.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • DeVries, A.S.1    Lesher, L.2    Schlievert, P.M.3
  • 15
    • 33644926742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones containing the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1gene responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections in France
    • Durand G., Bes M., Meugnier H., et al. Detection of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones containing the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1gene responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections in France. JClin Microbiol 2006, 44:847-853.
    • (2006) JClin Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 847-853
    • Durand, G.1    Bes, M.2    Meugnier, H.3
  • 16
    • 84860238634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical illness from 2009 pandemic influenza A virus and bacterial coinfection in the United States
    • Rice T.W., Rubinson L., Uyeki T.M., et al. Critical illness from 2009 pandemic influenza A virus and bacterial coinfection in the United States. Crit Care Med 2012, 40:1487-1498.
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 1487-1498
    • Rice, T.W.1    Rubinson, L.2    Uyeki, T.M.3
  • 17
    • 0026530698 scopus 로고
    • Severe streptococcal infections in historical perspective
    • Katz A.R., Morens D.M. Severe streptococcal infections in historical perspective. Clin Infect Dis 1992, 14:298-307.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 298-307
    • Katz, A.R.1    Morens, D.M.2
  • 18
    • 0028856117 scopus 로고
    • Increasing severity of invasive group A streptococcal disease in Australia: clinical and molecular epidemiological features and identification of a new virulent M-nontypeable clone
    • Carapetis J., Robins-Browne R., Martin D., et al. Increasing severity of invasive group A streptococcal disease in Australia: clinical and molecular epidemiological features and identification of a new virulent M-nontypeable clone. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 21:1220-1227.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 1220-1227
    • Carapetis, J.1    Robins-Browne, R.2    Martin, D.3
  • 19
    • 49049116579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe
    • Lamagni T.L., Darenberg J., Luca-Harari B., et al. Epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe. JClin Microbiol 2008, 46:2359-2367.
    • (2008) JClin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 2359-2367
    • Lamagni, T.L.1    Darenberg, J.2    Luca-Harari, B.3
  • 20
    • 0027212525 scopus 로고
    • Severe invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada; 1987-1991
    • Demers B., Simor A.E., Vellend H., et al. Severe invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada; 1987-1991. Clin Infect Dis 1993, 16:792-800.
    • (1993) Clin Infect Dis , vol.16 , pp. 792-800
    • Demers, B.1    Simor, A.E.2    Vellend, H.3
  • 21
    • 84862151705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive group a streptococcal disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management
    • Steer A.C., Lamagni T., Curtis N., et al. Invasive group a streptococcal disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. Drugs 2012, 72:1213-1227.
    • (2012) Drugs , vol.72 , pp. 1213-1227
    • Steer, A.C.1    Lamagni, T.2    Curtis, N.3
  • 23
    • 0027506870 scopus 로고
    • The changing epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections and the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. A retrospective population-based study
    • [published erratum appears in JAMA 1993 Apr 7;269(13):1638] [see comments]
    • Hoge C.W., Schwartz B., Talkington D.F., et al. The changing epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections and the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. A retrospective population-based study. JAMA 1993, 269:384-389. [published erratum appears in JAMA 1993 Apr 7;269(13):1638] [see comments].
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 384-389
    • Hoge, C.W.1    Schwartz, B.2    Talkington, D.F.3
  • 24
    • 54249155508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rise and persistence of global M1T1 clone of Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Aziz R.K., Kotb M. Rise and persistence of global M1T1 clone of Streptococcus pyogenes. Emerg Infect Dis 2008, 14:1511-1517.
    • (2008) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Aziz, R.K.1    Kotb, M.2
  • 25
    • 70349189311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global emm type distribution of group A streptococci: systematic review and implications for vaccine development
    • Steer A.C., Law I., Matatolu L., et al. Global emm type distribution of group A streptococci: systematic review and implications for vaccine development. Lancet Infect Dis 2009, 9:611-616.
    • (2009) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 611-616
    • Steer, A.C.1    Law, I.2    Matatolu, L.3
  • 26
    • 0036908653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immunogenetic and molecular basis for differences in outcomes of invasive group A streptococcal infections
    • Kotb M., Norrby-Teglund A., McGeer A., et al. An immunogenetic and molecular basis for differences in outcomes of invasive group A streptococcal infections. Nat Med 2002, 8(12):1398-1404.
    • (2002) Nat Med , vol.8 , Issue.12 , pp. 1398-1404
    • Kotb, M.1    Norrby-Teglund, A.2    McGeer, A.3
  • 27
    • 0025790953 scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic-shock-like syndrome and other invasive diseases: clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression
    • Musser J.M., Hauser A.R., Kim M.H., et al. Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic-shock-like syndrome and other invasive diseases: clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991, 88:2668-2672.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 2668-2672
    • Musser, J.M.1    Hauser, A.R.2    Kim, M.H.3
  • 28
    • 0025710702 scopus 로고
    • Case definitions for public health surveillance
    • Wharton M., Chorba T.L., Vogt R.L., et al. Case definitions for public health surveillance. MMWR Recomm Rep 1990, 39:1-43.
    • (1990) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.39 , pp. 1-43
    • Wharton, M.1    Chorba, T.L.2    Vogt, R.L.3
  • 29
    • 0033373217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979 1996
    • Hajjeh R.A., Reingold A., Weil A., et al. Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979 1996. Emerg Infect Dis 1999, 5:807-810.
    • (1999) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 807-810
    • Hajjeh, R.A.1    Reingold, A.2    Weil, A.3
  • 30
    • 0024489084 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of toxic shock syndrome in the United States: overview
    • Broome C.V. Epidemiology of toxic shock syndrome in the United States: overview. Rev Infect Dis 1989, 11(Suppl 1):S14-S21.
    • (1989) Rev Infect Dis , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Broome, C.V.1
  • 32
    • 0030786631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based surveillance for group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis: clinical features, prognostic indicators, and microbiologic analysis of seventy-seven cases. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study
    • Kaul R., McGeer A., Low D.E., et al. Population-based surveillance for group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis: clinical features, prognostic indicators, and microbiologic analysis of seventy-seven cases. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study. Am J Med 1997, 103:18-24.
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.103 , pp. 18-24
    • Kaul, R.1    McGeer, A.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 33
    • 17044452732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive group A streptococcal disease in children and association with varicella-zoster virus infection. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study Group
    • Laupland K.B., Davies H.D., Low D.E., et al. Invasive group A streptococcal disease in children and association with varicella-zoster virus infection. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study Group. Pediatrics 2000, 105:E60.
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.105
    • Laupland, K.B.1    Davies, H.D.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 34
    • 0033005276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with 20 cases of group A streptococcus necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis: 1995 to 1997
    • Haywood C.T., McGeer A., Low D.E. Clinical experience with 20 cases of group A streptococcus necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis: 1995 to 1997. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999, 103:1567-1573.
    • (1999) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.103 , pp. 1567-1573
    • Haywood, C.T.1    McGeer, A.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 35
    • 35348960997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blunt trauma as a risk factor for group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis
    • Nuwayhid Z.B., Aronoff D.M., Mulla Z.D. Blunt trauma as a risk factor for group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis. Ann Epidemiol 2007, 17:878-881.
    • (2007) Ann Epidemiol , vol.17 , pp. 878-881
    • Nuwayhid, Z.B.1    Aronoff, D.M.2    Mulla, Z.D.3
  • 36
    • 33744795703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group A streptococcal myonecrosis: increased vimentin expression after skeletal-muscle injury mediates the binding of Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Bryant A.E., Bayer C.R., Huntington J.D., et al. Group A streptococcal myonecrosis: increased vimentin expression after skeletal-muscle injury mediates the binding of Streptococcus pyogenes. JInfect Dis 2006, 193:1685-1692.
    • (2006) JInfect Dis , vol.193 , pp. 1685-1692
    • Bryant, A.E.1    Bayer, C.R.2    Huntington, J.D.3
  • 37
    • 0037463565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and epidemiologic features of group A streptococcal pneumonia in Ontario, Canada
    • Muller M.P., Low D.E., Green K.A., et al. Clinical and epidemiologic features of group A streptococcal pneumonia in Ontario, Canada. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163:467-472.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 467-472
    • Muller, M.P.1    Low, D.E.2    Green, K.A.3
  • 38
    • 33645370250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viable group A streptococci in macrophages during acute soft tissue infection
    • Thulin P., Johansson L., Low D.E., et al. Viable group A streptococci in macrophages during acute soft tissue infection. PLoS Med 2006, 3:e53.
    • (2006) PLoS Med , vol.3
    • Thulin, P.1    Johansson, L.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 39
    • 79956327713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can necrotizing infectious fasciitis be differentiated from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis with MR imaging?
    • Kim K.T., Kim Y.J., Won L.J., et al. Can necrotizing infectious fasciitis be differentiated from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis with MR imaging?. Radiology 2011, 259:816-824.
    • (2011) Radiology , vol.259 , pp. 816-824
    • Kim, K.T.1    Kim, Y.J.2    Won, L.J.3
  • 40
    • 84875518303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vande Berg BC. Necrotizing fasciitis: contribution and limitations of diagnostic imaging
    • Malghem J., Lecouvet F.E., Omoumi P., et al. Vande Berg BC. Necrotizing fasciitis: contribution and limitations of diagnostic imaging. Joint Bone Spine 2012, 80(2):146-154.
    • (2012) Joint Bone Spine , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 146-154
    • Malghem, J.1    Lecouvet, F.E.2    Omoumi, P.3
  • 41
    • 0021263059 scopus 로고
    • Early recognition of potentially fatal necrotizing fasciitis. The use of frozen-section biopsy
    • Stamenkovic I., Lew P.D. Early recognition of potentially fatal necrotizing fasciitis. The use of frozen-section biopsy. NEngl J Med 1984, 310:1689-1693.
    • (1984) NEngl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 1689-1693
    • Stamenkovic, I.1    Lew, P.D.2
  • 42
    • 27744448866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections
    • Stevens D.L., Bisno A.L., Chambers H.F., et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 41:1373-1406.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1373-1406
    • Stevens, D.L.1    Bisno, A.L.2    Chambers, H.F.3
  • 43
    • 80054860481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gram-positive bacterial superantigen outside-in signaling causes toxic shock syndrome
    • Brosnahan A.J., Schlievert P.M. Gram-positive bacterial superantigen outside-in signaling causes toxic shock syndrome. FEBS J 2011, 278:4649-4667.
    • (2011) FEBS J , vol.278 , pp. 4649-4667
    • Brosnahan, A.J.1    Schlievert, P.M.2
  • 44
    • 0035479183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for superantigen involvement in severe group A streptococcal tissue infections
    • Norrby-Teglund A., Thulin P., Gan B.S., et al. Evidence for superantigen involvement in severe group A streptococcal tissue infections. JInfect Dis 2001, 184:853-860.
    • (2001) JInfect Dis , vol.184 , pp. 853-860
    • Norrby-Teglund, A.1    Thulin, P.2    Gan, B.S.3
  • 45
    • 27444442536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superagonistic anti-CD28 antibodies: potent activators of regulatory T cells for the therapy of autoimmune diseases
    • Beyersdorf N., Hanke T., Kerkau T., et al. Superagonistic anti-CD28 antibodies: potent activators of regulatory T cells for the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2005, 64(Suppl 4):iv91-iv95.
    • (2005) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Beyersdorf, N.1    Hanke, T.2    Kerkau, T.3
  • 46
    • 33748416499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412
    • Suntharalingam G., Perry M.R., Ward S., et al. Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412. NEngl J Med 2006, 355:1018-1028.
    • (2006) NEngl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 1018-1028
    • Suntharalingam, G.1    Perry, M.R.2    Ward, S.3
  • 47
    • 1642333235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mprotein, a classical bacterial virulence determinant, forms complexes with fibrinogen that induce vascular leakage
    • Herwald H., Cramer H., Morgelin M., et al. Mprotein, a classical bacterial virulence determinant, forms complexes with fibrinogen that induce vascular leakage. Cell 2004, 116:367-379.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.116 , pp. 367-379
    • Herwald, H.1    Cramer, H.2    Morgelin, M.3
  • 48
    • 77953769215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting under the skin: the immunopathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes deep tissue infections
    • Johansson L., Thulin P., Low D.E., et al. Getting under the skin: the immunopathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes deep tissue infections. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 51:58-65.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , pp. 58-65
    • Johansson, L.1    Thulin, P.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 49
    • 84861206614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated plasma levels of heparin-binding protein in intensive care unit patients with severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Linder A., Akesson P., Inghammar M., et al. Elevated plasma levels of heparin-binding protein in intensive care unit patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care 2012, 16:R90.
    • (2012) Crit Care , vol.16
    • Linder, A.1    Akesson, P.2    Inghammar, M.3
  • 50
    • 70349320154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil-derived hyperresistinemia in severe acute streptococcal infections
    • Johansson L., Linner A., Sunden-Cullberg J., et al. Neutrophil-derived hyperresistinemia in severe acute streptococcal infections. JImmunol 2009, 183:4047-4054.
    • (2009) JImmunol , vol.183 , pp. 4047-4054
    • Johansson, L.1    Linner, A.2    Sunden-Cullberg, J.3
  • 51
    • 55849125399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil degranulation mediates severe lung damage triggered by streptococcal M1 protein
    • Soehnlein O., Oehmcke S., Ma X., et al. Neutrophil degranulation mediates severe lung damage triggered by streptococcal M1 protein. Eur Respir J 2008, 32:405-412.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.32 , pp. 405-412
    • Soehnlein, O.1    Oehmcke, S.2    Ma, X.3
  • 52
    • 48849117760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cathelicidin LL-37 in severe Streptococcus pyogenes soft tissue infections in humans
    • Johansson L., Thulin P., Sendi P., et al. Cathelicidin LL-37 in severe Streptococcus pyogenes soft tissue infections in humans. Infect Immun 2008, 76:3399-3404.
    • (2008) Infect Immun , vol.76 , pp. 3399-3404
    • Johansson, L.1    Thulin, P.2    Sendi, P.3
  • 53
    • 0033738808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host variation in cytokine responses to superantigens determine the severity of invasive group A streptococcal infection
    • Norrby-Teglund A., Chatellier S., Low D.E., et al. Host variation in cytokine responses to superantigens determine the severity of invasive group A streptococcal infection. Eur J Immunol 2000, 30:3247-3255.
    • (2000) Eur J Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 3247-3255
    • Norrby-Teglund, A.1    Chatellier, S.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 54
    • 1642320919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group A streptococcal sepsis
    • Stevens D.L. Group A streptococcal sepsis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2003, 5:379-386.
    • (2003) Curr Infect Dis Rep , vol.5 , pp. 379-386
    • Stevens, D.L.1
  • 55
    • 0026771289 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden
    • Holm S.E., Norrby A., Bergholm A.M., et al. Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden. JInfect Dis 1992, 166:31-37.
    • (1992) JInfect Dis , vol.166 , pp. 31-37
    • Holm, S.E.1    Norrby, A.2    Bergholm, A.M.3
  • 56
    • 0031924674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opsonic antibodies to the surface M protein of group A streptococci in pooled normal immunoglobulins (IVIG): potential impact on the clinical efficacy of IVIG therapy for severe invasive group A streptococcal infections
    • Basma H. Opsonic antibodies to the surface M protein of group A streptococci in pooled normal immunoglobulins (IVIG): potential impact on the clinical efficacy of IVIG therapy for severe invasive group A streptococcal infections. Infect Immun 1998, 66:2279-2283.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 2279-2283
    • Basma, H.1
  • 57
    • 0029846421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the presence of streptococcal superantigen neutralizing antibodies in normal polyspecific IgG (IVIG)
    • Norrby-Teglund A., Kaul R., Low D.E., et al. Evidence for the presence of streptococcal superantigen neutralizing antibodies in normal polyspecific IgG (IVIG). Infect Immun 1996, 64:5395-5398.
    • (1996) Infect Immun , vol.64 , pp. 5395-5398
    • Norrby-Teglund, A.1    Kaul, R.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 58
    • 0030584899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma from patients with severe group A streptococcal infections treated with normal polyspecific IgG (IVIG) inhibits streptococcal superantigen-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production
    • Norrby-Teglund A., Kaul R., Low D.E., et al. Plasma from patients with severe group A streptococcal infections treated with normal polyspecific IgG (IVIG) inhibits streptococcal superantigen-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production. JImmunol 1996, 156:3057-3064.
    • (1996) JImmunol , vol.156 , pp. 3057-3064
    • Norrby-Teglund, A.1    Kaul, R.2    Low, D.E.3
  • 59
    • 0028269110 scopus 로고
    • Lymphokine production induced by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin-A is selectively down-regulated by pooled human IgG
    • Skansen-Saphir U., Andersson J., Bjorck L., et al. Lymphokine production induced by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin-A is selectively down-regulated by pooled human IgG. Eur J Immunol 1994, 24:916-922.
    • (1994) Eur J Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 916-922
    • Skansen-Saphir, U.1    Andersson, J.2    Bjorck, L.3
  • 60
    • 0032924155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome-a comparative observational study
    • Kaul R., McGeer A., Norrby-Teglund A., et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome-a comparative observational study. Clin Infect Dis 1999, 28:800-807.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 800-807
    • Kaul, R.1    McGeer, A.2    Norrby-Teglund, A.3
  • 61
    • 0041402681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Darenberg J., Ihendyane N., Sjolin J., et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 37:333-340.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 333-340
    • Darenberg, J.1    Ihendyane, N.2    Sjolin, J.3
  • 62
    • 14944351056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful management of severe group A streptococcal soft tissue infections using an aggressive medical regimen including intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin together with a conservative surgical approach
    • Norrby-Teglund A., Muller M.P., McGeer A., et al. Successful management of severe group A streptococcal soft tissue infections using an aggressive medical regimen including intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin together with a conservative surgical approach. Scand J Infect Dis 2005, 37:166-172.
    • (2005) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 166-172
    • Norrby-Teglund, A.1    Muller, M.P.2    McGeer, A.3
  • 63
    • 79959377270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical infections
    • McGraw-Hill, New York, F.C. Brunicardi, D.K. Andersoen, T.R. Billiar (Eds.)
    • Beilman G.J., Dunn D. Surgical infections. Schwartz's principles of surgery 2010, 113-133. McGraw-Hill, New York. F.C. Brunicardi, D.K. Andersoen, T.R. Billiar (Eds.).
    • (2010) Schwartz's principles of surgery , pp. 113-133
    • Beilman, G.J.1    Dunn, D.2
  • 64
    • 78649736264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and subcutaneous tissue infections
    • Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, G.L. Mandell, J.E. Bennett, R. Dolin (Eds.)
    • Pasternack M.S., Swartz M.N. Cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and subcutaneous tissue infections. Principles and practice of infectious diseases 2010, 1289-1312. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia. G.L. Mandell, J.E. Bennett, R. Dolin (Eds.).
    • (2010) Principles and practice of infectious diseases , pp. 1289-1312
    • Pasternack, M.S.1    Swartz, M.N.2
  • 65
    • 0003307258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections of the skin muscles, and soft tissues
    • McGraw-Hill, New York, D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper (Eds.)
    • Stevens D.L. Infections of the skin muscles, and soft tissues. Harrison's principles of internal medicine 2012, McGraw-Hill, New York. D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper (Eds.).
    • (2012) Harrison's principles of internal medicine
    • Stevens, D.L.1
  • 66
    • 80052759071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin and soft tissue infections: the new surgical infection society guidelines
    • May A.K. Skin and soft tissue infections: the new surgical infection society guidelines. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2011, 12:179-184.
    • (2011) Surg Infect (Larchmt) , vol.12 , pp. 179-184
    • May, A.K.1
  • 67
    • 37549020378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Dellinger R.P., Levy M.M., Carlet J.M., et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2008, 2008(36):296-327.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.2008 , Issue.36 , pp. 296-327
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Levy, M.M.2    Carlet, J.M.3
  • 68
    • 77949890164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis
    • Olsen R.J., Musser J.M. Molecular pathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis. Annu Rev Pathol 2010, 5:1-31.
    • (2010) Annu Rev Pathol , vol.5 , pp. 1-31
    • Olsen, R.J.1    Musser, J.M.2
  • 69
    • 0032031789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb salvage for streptococcal gangrene of the extremity
    • Schurr M., Engelhardt S., Helgerson R. Limb salvage for streptococcal gangrene of the extremity. Am J Surg 1998, 175:213-217.
    • (1998) Am J Surg , vol.175 , pp. 213-217
    • Schurr, M.1    Engelhardt, S.2    Helgerson, R.3
  • 70
    • 0031987803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superantigens of gram-positive bacteria: structure-function analyses and their implications for biological activity
    • Kotb M. Superantigens of gram-positive bacteria: structure-function analyses and their implications for biological activity. Curr Opin Microbiol 1998, 1:56-65.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.1 , pp. 56-65
    • Kotb, M.1
  • 71
    • 1942422680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shock factor shed by microbe
    • Cohen J. Shock factor shed by microbe. Nat Med 2004, 10:342-343.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , pp. 342-343
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 72
    • 0030942004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early versus late necrosectomy in severe necrotizing pancreatitis
    • Mier J., Leon E.L., Castillo A., et al. Early versus late necrosectomy in severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1997, 173:71-75.
    • (1997) Am J Surg , vol.173 , pp. 71-75
    • Mier, J.1    Leon, E.L.2    Castillo, A.3
  • 73
    • 84868287446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis: summary of a multidisciplinary consensus conference
    • Freeman M.L., Werner J., van Santvoort H.C., et al. Interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis: summary of a multidisciplinary consensus conference. Pancreas 2012, 41:1176-1194.
    • (2012) Pancreas , vol.41 , pp. 1176-1194
    • Freeman, M.L.1    Werner, J.2    van Santvoort, H.C.3
  • 74
    • 0014916001 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing fasciitis
    • Rea W.J., Wyrick W.J. Necrotizing fasciitis. Ann Surg 1970, 172:957-964.
    • (1970) Ann Surg , vol.172 , pp. 957-964
    • Rea, W.J.1    Wyrick, W.J.2
  • 75
    • 0020629237 scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis, nutritional support, and immediate extensive debridement improve survival in necrotizing fasciitis
    • Majeski J.A., Alexander J.W. Early diagnosis, nutritional support, and immediate extensive debridement improve survival in necrotizing fasciitis. Am J Surg 1983, 145:784-787.
    • (1983) Am J Surg , vol.145 , pp. 784-787
    • Majeski, J.A.1    Alexander, J.W.2
  • 76
    • 0021795588 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections. The need for a new approach
    • Freischlag J.A., Ajalat G., Busuttil R.W. Treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections. The need for a new approach. Am J Surg 1985, 149:751-755.
    • (1985) Am J Surg , vol.149 , pp. 751-755
    • Freischlag, J.A.1    Ajalat, G.2    Busuttil, R.W.3
  • 77
    • 0025777546 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing fasciitis: 10 years' experience in a district general hospital
    • [see comments]
    • Ward R.G., Walsh M.S. Necrotizing fasciitis: 10 years' experience in a district general hospital. Br J Surg 1991, 78:488-489. [see comments].
    • (1991) Br J Surg , vol.78 , pp. 488-489
    • Ward, R.G.1    Walsh, M.S.2
  • 78
    • 0026511649 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities
    • Wang K.C., Shih C.H. Necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities. JTrauma 1992, 32:179-182.
    • (1992) JTrauma , vol.32 , pp. 179-182
    • Wang, K.C.1    Shih, C.H.2
  • 79
    • 0027430791 scopus 로고
    • Role of early and extensive surgery in the treatment of severe necrotizing soft tissue infection
    • Voros D., Pissiotis C., Georgantas D., et al. Role of early and extensive surgery in the treatment of severe necrotizing soft tissue infection. Br J Surg 1993, 80:1190-1191.
    • (1993) Br J Surg , vol.80 , pp. 1190-1191
    • Voros, D.1    Pissiotis, C.2    Georgantas, D.3
  • 80
    • 0029038478 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of mortality for necrotizing soft-tissue infections
    • McHenry C.R., Piotrowski J.J., Petrinic D., et al. Determinants of mortality for necrotizing soft-tissue infections. Ann Surg 1995, 221:558-563.
    • (1995) Ann Surg , vol.221 , pp. 558-563
    • McHenry, C.R.1    Piotrowski, J.J.2    Petrinic, D.3
  • 81
    • 0029852722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing soft tissue infections. Risk factors for mortality and strategies for management
    • Elliott D.C., Kufera J.A., Myers R.A. Necrotizing soft tissue infections. Risk factors for mortality and strategies for management. Ann Surg 1996, 224:672-683.
    • (1996) Ann Surg , vol.224 , pp. 672-683
    • Elliott, D.C.1    Kufera, J.A.2    Myers, R.A.3
  • 82
    • 0030661751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing fasciitis: improved survival with early recognition by tissue biopsy and aggressive surgical treatment
    • Majeski J., Majeski E. Necrotizing fasciitis: improved survival with early recognition by tissue biopsy and aggressive surgical treatment. South Med J 1997, 90:1065-1068.
    • (1997) South Med J , vol.90 , pp. 1065-1068
    • Majeski, J.1    Majeski, E.2
  • 83
    • 0031958758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggressive surgical management of necrotizing fasciitis serves to decrease mortality: a retrospective study
    • Bilton B.D., Zibari G.B., McMillan R.W., et al. Aggressive surgical management of necrotizing fasciitis serves to decrease mortality: a retrospective study. Am Surg 1998, 64:397-400.
    • (1998) Am Surg , vol.64 , pp. 397-400
    • Bilton, B.D.1    Zibari, G.B.2    McMillan, R.W.3
  • 84
    • 0042635555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing fasciitis: clinical presentation, microbiology, and determinants of mortality
    • Wong C.H., Chang H.C., Pasupathy S., et al. Necrotizing fasciitis: clinical presentation, microbiology, and determinants of mortality. JBone Joint Surg Am 2003, 85-A:1454-1460.
    • (2003) JBone Joint Surg Am , pp. 1454-1460
    • Wong, C.H.1    Chang, H.C.2    Pasupathy, S.3
  • 86
    • 84876872153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis can improve survival: an observational intensive care unit cohort study
    • Bucca K., Spencer R., Orford N., et al. Early diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis can improve survival: an observational intensive care unit cohort study. ANZ J Surg 2012, 83(5):365-370.
    • (2012) ANZ J Surg , vol.83 , Issue.5 , pp. 365-370
    • Bucca, K.1    Spencer, R.2    Orford, N.3
  • 87
    • 67349281939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of surgical treatment timing on mortality from necrotizing soft tissue infections requiring intensive care management
    • Boyer A., Vargas F., Coste F., et al. Influence of surgical treatment timing on mortality from necrotizing soft tissue infections requiring intensive care management. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35:847-853.
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 847-853
    • Boyer, A.1    Vargas, F.2    Coste, F.3
  • 88
    • 81455131706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing soft tissue infections: delayed surgical treatment is associated with increased number of surgical debridements and morbidity
    • Kobayashi L., Konstantinidis A., Shackelford S., et al. Necrotizing soft tissue infections: delayed surgical treatment is associated with increased number of surgical debridements and morbidity. JTrauma 2011, 71:1400-1405.
    • (2011) JTrauma , vol.71 , pp. 1400-1405
    • Kobayashi, L.1    Konstantinidis, A.2    Shackelford, S.3
  • 89
    • 79960990852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local variations in the epidemiology, microbiology, and outcome of necrotizing soft-tissue infections: a multicenter study
    • Kao L.S., Lew D.F., Arab S.N., et al. Local variations in the epidemiology, microbiology, and outcome of necrotizing soft-tissue infections: a multicenter study. Am J Surg 2011, 202:139-145.
    • (2011) Am J Surg , vol.202 , pp. 139-145
    • Kao, L.S.1    Lew, D.F.2    Arab, S.N.3
  • 90
    • 84866762941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A3-year experience with necrotizing fasciitis: favorable outcomes despite operative delays in a busy acute care hospital
    • Pakula A.M., Kapadia R., Freeman B., et al. A3-year experience with necrotizing fasciitis: favorable outcomes despite operative delays in a busy acute care hospital. Am Surg 2012, 78:1059-1062.
    • (2012) Am Surg , vol.78 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Pakula, A.M.1    Kapadia, R.2    Freeman, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.