Temperature variability over Africa during the last 2000 years

Holocene

Volumn 23, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 1085-1094

  Nicholson, Sharon E ^a   Nash, David J ^b,c   Chase, Brian M ^d,e   Grab, Stefan W ^c   Shanahan, Timothy M ^f   Verschuren, Dirk ^g   Asrat, Asfawossen ^h   Lézine, Anne Marie ⁱ   Umer, Mohammed ^h  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRIGHTON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^d UNIV MONTPELLIER   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^g GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^h ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY   (Ethiopia)

ⁱ SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

'Little Ice Age'; 'Medieval Climate Anomaly'; 20th century; Africa; temperature variability

Indexed keywords

DATA SET; LITTLE ICE AGE; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; NINETEENTH CENTURY; PALEOTEMPERATURE; PALYNOLOGY; PROXY CLIMATE RECORD; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; TWENTIETH CENTURY; TWENTY FIRST CENTURY; WARMING;

EAST AFRICAN LAKES; ETHIOPIA; LAKE MALAWI; LAKE TANGANYIKA; NAMIBIA;

EID: 84879812323     PISSN: 09596836     EISSN: 14770911     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0959683613483618     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Aguilar E,Barry AA,Brunet M, et al.Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in western central Africa, Guinea Conakry, and Zimbabwe, 1955-2006.Journal of Geophysical Research. 2009;114:D02115.
2. Alexander LV,Zhang X,Peterson TC, et al.Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation.Journal of Geophysical Research. 2006;111:D05109.
3. Alonso D,Bouma MJ,Pascual M.Epidemic malaria and warmer temperatures in recent decades in an East African highland.Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences. 2011;278:1661-1669.
4. Asrat A,Baker A,Umer M, et al.A high-resolution multi-proxy stalagmite record from Mechara, Southeastern Ethiopia: Paleohydrological implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstruction.Journal of Quaternary Science. 2007;22:53-63.
5. Baker A,Asrat A,Fairchild IJ, et al.Analysis of the climate signal contained within δ18O and growth rate parameters in two Ethiopian stalagmites.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2007;71:2975-2988.
6. Barker PA,Hurrell ER,Leng MJ, et al.Seasonality in equatorial climate over the past 25 k.y. revealed by oxygen isotope records from Mount Kilimanjaro.Geology. 2011;39:1111-1114.
7. Barker PA,Street-Perrott FA,Leng MJ, et al.A 14,000 year oxygen isotope record from diatom silica in two Alpine lakes on Mt Kenya.Science. 2001;292:2307-2310.
8. Bencherif H,Diab RD,Portafaix T, et al.Temperature climatology and trend estimates in the UTLS region as observed over a southern subtropical site, Durban, South Africa.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2006;6:5121-5128.
9. Berke MA,Johnson TC,Werne JP, et al.A mid-Holocene thermal maximum at the end of the African Humid Period.Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2012;351:95-104.
10. Blaauw M,van Geel B,Kristen I, et al.High-resolution 14C dating of a 25,000 year lake-sediment record from equatorial East Africa.Quaternary Science Reviews. 2011;30:3043-3059.
11. Blaga CI,Reichart GJ,Heiri O, et al.Tetraether membrane lipid distributions in water-column particulate matter and sediments: A study of 47 European lakes along a north-south transect.Journal of Paleolimnology. 2009;41:523-540.
12. Bonnefille R,Umer M.Pollen inferred climatic fluctuations in Ethiopia during the last 3000 years.Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology. 1994;109:331-343.
13. Chase BM,Meadows ME.Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone.Earth-Science Reviews. 2007;84:103-138.
14. Christy JR,Norris WB,McNider RT.Surface temperature variations in East Africa and possible causes.Journal of Climate. 2009;22:3342-3356.
15. Collins JM.Temperature variability over Africa.Journal of Climate. 2011;24:3649-3666.
16. Dansgaard W,Johnsen SJ,Clausen HB, et al.Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250 kyr ice core record.Nature. 1993;364:218-220.
17. Domroes M,El-Tantawi A.Recent temporal and spatial temperature changes in Egypt.International Journal of Climatology. 2005;25:51-63.
18. Eggermont H,Verschuren D,Audenaert L, et al.Limnological and ecological sensitivity of Rwenzori mountain lakes to climate warming.Hydrobiologia. 2010;648:123-142.
19. Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core.Nature. 2004;429:623-628.
20. Fall S,Niyogi D,Semazzi FHM.Analysis of mean climate conditions in Senegal (1971-98).Earth Interactions. 2006;10:.
21. Funk C,Michaelsen J,Marshall MRemote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches. Wardlow BAnderson MVerdin J, ed. Cambridge University Press; 2012:484.
22. Gasse F.Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum.Quaternary Science Reviews. 2000;19:189-211.
23. Gasse F.Kilimanjaro's secrets revealed.Science. 2002;298:548-549.
24. Gasse F,Chalié F,Vincens A, et al.Climatic patterns in equatorial and southern Africa from 30,000 to 10,000 years ago reconstructed from terrestrial and near-shore proxy data.Quaternary Science Reviews. 2008;27:2316-2340.
25. Grab SW,Nash DJ.Documentary evidence of climate variability during cold seasons in Lesotho, southern Africa, 1833-1900.Climate Dynamics. 2010;34:473-499.
26. Hastenrath S.Variations of East African climate during the past two centuries.Climatic Change. 2001;50:209-217.
27. Hastenrath S.Climatic forcing of glacier thinning on the mountains of equatorial East Africa.International Journal of Climatology. 2010;30:146-152.
28. Hastenrath S,Kruss PD.The dramatic retreat of Mount Kenya's glaciers between 1963 and 1987: Greenhouse forcing.Annals of Glaciology. 1992;16:127-133.
29. Holmgren K,Lee-Thorp JA,Cooper GRJ, et al.Persistent millennial-scale climatic variability over the past 25,000 years in Southern Africa.Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003;22:2311-2326.
30. Huang S,Pollack HN,Shen P-Y.Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures.Nature. 2000;403:756-758.
31. Hulme MThe Physical Geography of Africa. Adams WMGoudie ASOrme AR, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1996:88-102.
32. Hulme M,Doherty R,Ngara T, et al.African climate change: 1900-2100.Climate Research. 2001;17:145-168.
33. Jansen E,Overpeck J,Briffa KR, et alClimate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon SQin DManning M, ed. Cambridge University Press; 2007:433-497.
34. Jones PD,Lindesay J.Maximum and minimum temperature trends over South Africa and the Sudan. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography; 1993Hobart, Boston: American Meteorological Society; 1993. 359.
35. Jones PD,Moberg A.Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001.Journal of Climate. 2003;16:206-223.
36. Jones PD,Osborn TJ,Briffa KR.The evolution of climate over the last millennium.Science. 2001;292:662-667.
37. Jones PD,Raper SCB,Wigley TML.Southern Hemisphere surface air temperature variations: 1851-1984.Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 1986;25:1213-1230.
38. Kaser G,Hardy DR,Mölg T, et al.Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change: Observations and facts.International Journal of Climatology. 2004;24:329-339.
39. Kenaway AMEL,Lopez-Moreno JI,Vincente-Serrano SM, et al.Temperature trends in Libya over the second half of the 20th century.Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2009;98:1-8.
40. Kim J-H,Schouten S,Hopmans EC, et al.Global sediment core-top calibration of the TEX86 paleothermometer in the ocean.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2008;72:1154-1173.
41. Kim J-H,van der Meer J,Schouten S, et al.New indices and calibrations derived from the distribution of crenarchaeal isoprenoid tetraether lipids: Implications for past sea surface temperature reconstructions.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2010;74:4639-4654.
42. Kruger AC,Shongwe S.Temperature trends in South Africa: 1960-2003.International Journal of Climatology. 2004;24:1929-1945.
43. Lee-Thorp JA,Holmgren K,Lauritzen S-E, et al.Rapid climate shifts in the southern African interior throughout the mid- to late Holocene.Geophysical Research Letters. 2001;28:4507-4510.
44. Mann ME,Zhang Z,Hughes MK, et al.Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2008;105:13,252-13,257.
45. Mantimim B,El-Tantawi AMM,Schaefer D, et al.Recent trends of temperature change under hot and cold desert climates: Comparing the Sahara (Libya) and Central Asia (Xinjiang, China).Journal of Arid Environments. 2011;75:1105-1113.
46. Matthews JA,Briffa KR.The 'Little Ice Age': Re-evaluation of an evolving concept.Geografiska Annaler. 2005;87A:17-36.
47. Moberg A,Sonechkin DM,Holmgren K, et al.Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data.Nature. 2005;433:613-617.
48. Mölg T,Georges C,Kaser G.The contribution of increased incoming shortwave radiation to the retreat of the Rwenzori Glaciers, East Africa, during the 20th century.International Journal of Climatology. 2003;23:291-303.
49. Mölg T,Rott H,Kaser G, et al.Comment on 'Recent glacial recession in the Rwenzori Mountains of East Africa due to rising air temperature'.Geophysical Research Letters. 2006;33:.
50. Molua EL.Climatic trends in Cameroon: Implications for agricultural management.Climate Research. 2006;30:225-262.
51. Muhlenbruchtegen A.Long-term surface temperature variations in South Africa.South African Journal of Science. 1992;88:197-205.
52. Neukom R,Luterbacher J,Villalba R, et al.Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries.Climate Dynamics. 2011;37:35-51.
53. New M,Hewitson B,Stephenson DB, et al.Evidence of trends in daily climate extremes over southern and west Africa.Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. 2006;111 (D14): D14102.
54. Nsubuga FNW,Olwoch JM,Rautenbach CJdeW.Climatic trends at Namulonge in Uganda: 1947-2009.Journal of Geography and Geology. 2011;3:119-131.
55. Pascual M,Ahumada JA,Chaves LF, et al.Resurgence in the East African highlands: Temperature trends revisited.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006;103:5829-5834.
56. Powers LA,Johnson TC,Werne JP, et al.Large temperature variability in the southern African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum.Geophysical Research Letters. 2005a;32:L08706.
57. Powers LA,Johnson TC,Werne JP, et al.Organic geochemical records of environmental variability in Lake Malawi during the last 700 years, Part I: The TEX86 temperature record.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2011;303:133-139.
58. Powers LA,Werne JP,Johnson TC, et al.Crenarchaeotal membrane lipids in lake sediments: A new paleotemperature proxy for continental paleoclimate reconstruction?.Geology. 2004;32:613-616.
59. Powers LA,Werne JP,Johnson TC, et al.The development of TEX86 for continental paleotemperature reconstruction: Problems and promise.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2005b;69:A78-A78.
60. Powers LA,Werne JP,Vanderwoude AJ, et al.Applicability and calibration of the TEX86 paleothermometer in lakes.Organic Geochemistry. 2010;41:404-413.
61. Russell JM,Johnson TC.Little Ice Age drought in equatorial Africa: Intertropical Convergence Zone migrations and El Niño-Southern Oscillation variability.Geology. 2007;35:21-24.
62. Russell JM,Eggermont H,Taylor R, et al.Paleolimnological records of recent glacier recession in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda-D. R. Congo.Journal of Paleolimnology. 2009;41:253-271.
63. Samba G,Nganga D,Mpounza M.Rainfall and temperature variations over Congo-Brazzaville between 1950 and 1998.Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2008;91:85-97.
64. Schefuß E,Kuhlmann H,Mollenhauer G, et al.Forcing of wet phases in southeast Africa over the past 17,000 years.Nature. 2011;480:509-512.
65. Schouten S,Forster A,Panoto FE, et al.Towards calibration of the TEX86 palaeothermometer for tropical sea surface temperatures in ancient greenhouse worlds.Organic Geochemistry. 2007;38:1537-1546.
66. Schouten S,Hopmans EC,Schefuss E, et al.Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids: A new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures?.Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2002;204:265-274.
67. Scott L.Palynology of hyrax middens: 2000 years of palaeoenvironmental history in Namibia.Quaternary International. 1996;33:73-79.
68. Scott L.Vegetation history and climate in the Savanna biome South Africa since 190,000 ka: A comparison of pollen data from the Tswaing Crater (the Pretoria Saltpan) and Wonderkrater.Quaternary International. 1999;57-58:215-223.
69. Scott L,Thackeray JF.Multivariate analysis of Late Pleistocene and Holocene pollen spectra from Wonderkrater, Transvaal, South Africa.South African Journal of Science. 1987;83:93-98.
70. Scott L,Holmgren K,Talma AS, et al.Age interpretation of the Wonderkrater spring sediments and vegetation change in the Savanna Biome, Limpopo province, South Africa.South African Journal of Science. 2003;99:484-488.
71. Sinninghe Damsté JS,Ossebaar J,Schouten S, et al.Distribution of tetraether lipids in the 25-kyr sedimentary record of Lake Challa: Extracting reliable TEX86 and MBT/CBT palaeotemperatures from an equatorial African lake.Quaternary Science Reviews. 2012;50:43-53.
72. Sitoki L,Gichuki J,Ezekiel C, et al.The environment of Lake Victoria (East Africa): Current status and historical changes.International Review of Hydrobiology. 2010;95:209-223.
73. Stern DI,Gething PW,Kabaria CW, et al.Temperature and malaria trends in highland East Africa.PloS One. 2011;6:.
74. Stevenson C,Lee-Thorp JA,Holmgren K.A 3000-year isotopic record from a stalagmite in Cold Air Cave, Makapansgat Valley, Northern Province.South African Journal of Science. 1999;95:46-48.
75. Talma AS,Vogel JC.Late Quaternary paleotemperatures derived from a speleothem from Cango Caves, Cape Province, South Africa.Quaternary Research. 1992;37:203-213.
76. Taylor RG,Milcham L,Tindimugaya C, et al.Recent glacial recession in the Rwenzori mountains of East Africa due to rising air temperature.Geophysical Research Letters. 2006;33:L10402.
77. Thompson LG,Mosley-Thompson E,Davis ME, et al.Kilimanjaro ice core records: Evidence of Holocene climate change in tropical Africa.Science. 2002;298:589-593.
78. Thompson LG,Mosley-Thompson E,Davis ME, et al.Tropical glaciers, recorders and indicators of climate change, are disappearing globally.Annals of Glaciology. 2011;52:23-34.
79. Tierney JE,Mayes MT,Meyer N, et al.Late-twentieth-century warming in Lake Tanganyika unprecedented since AD 500.Nature Geoscience. 2010a;3:422-425.
80. Tierney JE,Russell JM,Eggermont H, et al.Environmental controls on branched tetraether lipid distributions in tropical East African lake sediments.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2010b;74:4902-4918.
81. Tierney JE,Russell JM,Huang Y, et al.Northern Hemisphere controls on tropical southeast African climate during the past 60,000 years.Science. 2008;322:252-255.
82. Tyson PD,Lindesay JA.The climate of the last 2000 years in southern Africa.The Holocene. 1992;2:271-278.
83. Tyson PD,Karlen W,Holmgren K, et al.The Little Ice Age and medieval warming in South Africa.South African Journal of Science. 2000;96:121-126.
84. Unganai LS.Surface temperature variation over Zimbabwe between 1897 and 1993.Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 1997;56:89-101.
85. Verburg P,Hecky RE,Kling H.Ecological consequences of a century of warming in Lake Tanganyika.Science. 2003;301:505-507.
86. Verschuren DPast Climate Variability Through Europe and Africa. Battarbee RWGasse FStickley C, ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer; 2004:139-158.
87. Vincent LA,Aguilar E,Saindou M, et al.Observed trends in indices of daily and extreme temperature and precipitation for the countries of the western Indian Ocean, 1961-2008.Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. 2011;116:D10108.
88. Vollmer MK,Bootsma HA,Hecky RE, et al.Deep-water warming trend in Lake Malawi, East Africa.Limnology and Oceanography. 2005;50:727-732.
89. Weijers JWH,Schefuß E,Schouten S, et al.Coupled thermal and hydrological evolution of tropical Africa over the last deglaciation.Science. 2007;315:1701-1704.
90. Wuchter C,Schouten S,Coolen MJL, et al.Temperature-dependent variation in the distribution of tetraether membrane lipids of marine Crenarchaeota: Implications for TEX86 paleothermometry.Paleoceanography. 2004;19:PA4028.