Reading in schizophrenic subjects and their nonsymptomatic first-degree relatives

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 896-907

  Roberts, Eryl O ^a   Proudlock, Frank A ^a   Martin, Kate ^b   Reveley, Michael A ^a   Al Uzri, Mohammed ^a   Gottlob, Irene ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b Faculty of Engineering and Computing   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

fixations; reading; relatives; saccades; schizophrenia; visual integration

Indexed keywords

AMISULPRIDE; ARIPIPRAZOLE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOZAPINE; OLANZAPINE; PHENOTHIAZINE; PIPOTIAZINE; RISPERIDONE; SULPIRIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT DISORDER; FEMALE; FIRST DEGREE RELATIVE; FOVEAVIRUS; GAZE; GENETICS; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; READING; RETINA FOVEA; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; SCORING SYSTEM; VISION;

EID: 84879346534     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr191     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Fuller R, Nopoulos P, Arndt S, O'Leary D, Ho BC, Andreasen NC. Longitudinal assessment of premorbid cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia through examination of standardized scholastic test performance. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159: 1183-1189. (Pubitemid 34743259)
2. Arnott W, Sali L, Copland D. Impaired reading comprehension in schizophrenia: evidence for underlying phonological processing deficits. Psychiatry Res. 2011; 187: 6-10.
3. Bagner DM, Melinder MR, Barch DM. Language comprehension and working memory language comprehension and working memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003; 60: 299-309. (Pubitemid 36184717)
4. Hayes RL, O'Grady BM. Do people with schizophrenia comprehend what they read? Schizophr Bull. 2003; 29: 499-507. (Pubitemid 37339384)
5. Revheim N, Butler PD, Schechter I, Jalbrzikowski M, Silipo G, Javitt DC. Reading impairment and visual processing deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2006; 87: 238-245. (Pubitemid 44428135)
6. Fukushima J, Fukushima K, Chiba T, Tanaka S, Yamashita I, Kato M. Disturbances of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements in schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1988; 23: 670-677. (Pubitemid 18086646)
7. Levy DL, Holzman PS, Matthysse S, Mendell NR. Eye tracking dysfunction and schizophrenia: a critical perspective. Schizophr Bull. 1993; 19: 461-536. (Pubitemid 23272620)
8. Reuter B, Rakusan L, Kathmanna N. Poor antisaccade performance in schizophrenia: an inhibition deficit? Psychiatry Res. 2005; 135: 1-10. (Pubitemid 40733534)
9. Sereno AB, Holzman PS. Antisaccades and smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1995; 37: 394-401.
10. Rayner K. Eye movements in reading and information processing. Psychol Bull. 1978; 85: 618-660.
11. Rayner K. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychol Bull. 1998; 124: 372-422. (Pubitemid 128461792)
12. McConkie GW, Rayner K. Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading. Bull Psychon Soc. 1976; 8: 365-368.
13. Schotter ER, Angele B, Rayner K. Parafoveal processing in reading [published online ahead of print October 29, 2011]. Atten Percept Psychophys. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0219-2.
14. Butler PD, Silverstein SM, Dakin SC. Visual perception and its impairment in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 64: 40-47. (Pubitemid 351783245)
15. Silverstein SM, Knight RA, Schwarzkopf SB, West LL, Osborn LM, Kamin D. Stimulus configuration and context effects in perceptual organization in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1996; 105: 410-420. (Pubitemid 26268710)
16. Knebel JF, Javitt DC, Murray MM. Impaired early visual response modulations to spatial information in chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2011; 193: 168-176.
17. McConkie GW, Rayner K. The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading. Percept Psychophys. 1975; 17: 578-586.
18. Rayner K, Well AD, Pollatsek A. Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading. Percept Psychophys. 1980; 27: 537-544. (Pubitemid 10010577)
19. Calkins ME, Curtis CE, Iacono WG, Grove WM. Antisaccade performance is impaired in medically and psychiatrically healthy biological relatives of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res. 2004; 71: 167-178. (Pubitemid 39209486)
20. Ettinger U, Kumari V, Crawford TJ, et al. Smooth pursuit and antisaccade eye movements in siblings discordant for schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2004; 38: 177-184. (Pubitemid 38134459)
21. Rybakowski JK, Borkowska A. Eye movement and neuropsychological studies in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res. 2002; 54: 105-110. (Pubitemid 34164524)
22. Mason O, Claridge G. The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE): further description and extended norms. Schizophr Res. 2006; 82: 203-211. (Pubitemid 43290684)
23. Liversedge SP, Rayner K, White SJ, Vergilino-Perez D, Findlay JM, Kentridge RW. Eye movements when reading disappearing text: is there a gap effect in reading? Vision Res. 2004; 44: 1013-1024. (Pubitemid 38366342)
24. Diefendorf A, Dodge R. An experimental study of the ocular reactions of the insane from photographic records. Brain. 1908; 31: 451-489.
25. Levin S, Jones A, Stark L, Merrin EL, Holzman PS. Saccadic eye movements of schizophrenic patients measured by reflected light technique. Biol Psychiatry. 1982; 17: 1277-1287. (Pubitemid 13255057)
26. Levin S. Frontal lobe dysfunctions in schizophrenia-I. Eye movement impairments. J Psychiatr Res. 1984; 18: 27-55. (Pubitemid 14173839)
27. Levin S. Frontal lobe dysfunctions in schizophrenia-II. Impairments of psychological and brain functions. J Psychiatr Res. 1984; 18: 57-72. (Pubitemid 14173840)
28. Paterson KB, Jordan TR. Effects of increased letter spacing on word identification and eye guidance during reading. Mem Cognit. 2010; 38: 502-512.
29. White SJ, Johnson RL, Liversedge SP, Rayner K. Eye movements when reading transposed text: the importance of wordbeginning letters. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2008; 34: 1261-1276.
30. Ashby J, Treiman R, Kessler B, Rayner K. Vowel processing during silent reading: evidence from eye movements. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2006; 32: 416-424. (Pubitemid 43551112)
31. Chace KH, Rayner K, Well AD. Eye movements and phonological parafoveal preview: effects of reading skill. Can J Exp Psychol. 2005; 59: 209-217. (Pubitemid 43706241)
32. Deutsch A, Frost R, Pelleg S, Pollatsek A, Rayner K. Early morphological effects in reading: evidence from parafoveal preview benefit in Hebrew. Psychon Bull Rev. 2003; 10: 415-422. (Pubitemid 37544962)
33. Rayner K, Murphy LA, Henderson JM, Pollatsek A. Selective attentional dyslexia. Cogn Neuropsychol. 1989; 6: 357-378. (Pubitemid 19203549)
34. Rayner K, Castelhano MS, Yang J. Eye movements and the perceptual span in older and younger readers. Psychol Aging. 2009; 24: 755-760.
35. Haikio T, Bertram R, Hyona J, Niemi P. Development of the letter identity span in reading: evidence from the eye movement moving window paradigm. J Exp Child Psychol. 2009; 102: 167-181.
36. Rayner K, Slattery TJ, Belanger NN. Eye movements, the perceptual span, and reading speed. Psychon Bull Rev. 2010; 17: 834-839.
37. Demb JB, Boynton GM, Heeger DJ. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of early visual pathways in dyslexia. J Neurosci. 1998; 18: 6939-6951. (Pubitemid 28388023)
38. Borsting E, Ridder WH, III, Dudeck K, Kelley C, Matsui L, Motoyama J. The presence of a magnocellular defect depends on the type of dyslexia. Vision Res. 1996; 36: 1047-1053. (Pubitemid 26093422)
39. Bone RB, Cirino P, Morris RD, Morris MK. Reading and phonological awareness in reading-disabled adults. Dev Neuropsychol. 2002; 21: 305-320. (Pubitemid 34977155)
40. Wolf M, Bowers PG. Naming-speed processes and developmental reading disabilities: an introduction to the special issue on the double-deficit hypothesis. J Learn Disabil. 2000; 33: 322-324.
41. Adler-Grinberg D, Stark L. Eye movements, scanpaths, and dyslexia. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1978; 55: 557-570. (Pubitemid 9082202)
42. De Luca M, Borrelli M, Judica A, Spinelli D, Zoccolotti P. Reading words and pseudowords: an eye movement study of developmental dyslexia. Brain Lang. 2002; 80: 617-626. (Pubitemid 34921343)
43. Eden GF, Stein JF, Wood HM, Wood FB. Differences in eye movements and reading problems in dyslexic and normal children. Vision Res. 1994; 34: 1345-1358. (Pubitemid 24130379)
44. Olson RK, Kliegl R, Davidson BJ. Dyslexic and normal readers' eye movements. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1983; 9: 816-825.
45. Prado C, Dubois M, Valdois S. The eye movements of dyslexic children during reading and visual search: impact of the visual attention span. Vision Res. 2007; 47: 2521-2530. (Pubitemid 47369368)
46. Trauzettel-Klosinski S, Koitzsch AM, Durrwachter U, Sokolov AN, Reinhard J, Klosinski G. Eye movements in German-speaking children with and without dyslexia when reading aloud. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010; 88: 681-691.
47. Rayner K, Johnson RL. Letter-by-letter acquired dyslexia is due to the serial encoding of letters. Psychol Sci. 2005; 16: 530-534. (Pubitemid 41186745)
48. Bucci MP, Bremond-Gignac D, Kapoula Z. Poor binocular coordination of saccades in dyslexic children. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008; 246: 417-428.
49. Jainta S, Kapoula Z. Dyslexic children are confronted with unstable binocular fixation while reading. PloS One. 2011; 6: e18694.
50. Kirkby JA, Blythe HI, Drieghe D, Liversedge SP. Reading text increases binocular disparity in dyslexic children. PloS One. 2011; 6: e27105.
51. Gold JM. Cognitive deficits as treatment targets in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2004; 72: 21-28. (Pubitemid 39452902)
52. Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Pliskin NH, Podd MH. Further evidence for dementia of the prefrontal type in schizophrenia? A controlled study of teaching the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987; 44: 1008-1014. (Pubitemid 18009657)
53. Sweeney JA, Haas GL, Li S, Weiden PJ. Selective effects of antipsychotic medications on eye-tracking performance in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1994; 54: 185-198.
54. Lipton RB, Levy DL, Holzman PS, Levin S. Eye movement dysfunctions in psychiatric patients: a review. Schizophr Bull. 1983; 9: 13-32. (Pubitemid 13082725)
55. Spohn HE, Coyne L, Spray J. The effect of neuroleptics and tardive dyskinesia on smooth-pursuit eye movement in chronic schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988; 45: 833-840.
56. Ho BC, Andreasen NC, Nopoulos P, Fuller R, Arndt S, Cadoret RJ. Secondary prevention of schizophrenia: utility of standardized scholastic tests in early identification. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2005; 17: 11-18. (Pubitemid 40471679)
57. Cannon M, Jones P, Gilvarry C, et al. Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: similarities and differences. Am J Psychiatry. 1997; 154: 1544-1550. (Pubitemid 27471347)