The Impact of Financial Reward Contingencies on Cognitive Function Profiles in Adult ADHD

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2013, Pages

  Marx, Ivo ^a   Höpcke, Cornelia ^a   Berger, Christoph ^a   Wandschneider, Roland ^a   Herpertz, Sabine C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; AVERSION; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; FEMALE; FINANCIAL REWARD; HUMAN; IMPULSIVENESS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MOTIVATION; REACTION TIME; REWARD; TASK PERFORMANCE; TIME PERCEPTION; WORKING MEMORY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; REWARD; TIME PERCEPTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84879252325     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067002     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Scahill L, Schwab-Stone M, (2000) Epidemiology of ADHD in school-age children. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 9: 541-555.
2. Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA, (2007) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: A systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 164: 942-948.
3. Fayyad J, de Graaf R, Kessler R, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, et al. (2007) Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Psychiatry 190: 402-409.
4. Barkley RA, (1997) Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 121: 65-94.
5. Quay HC, (1997) Inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychology 25: 7-13.
6. Nigg JT, Casey BJ, (2005) An integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences. Dev Psychopathol 17: 785-806.
7. Sagvolden T, Johansen EB, Aase H, Russel VA, (2005) A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes. Behav Brain Sci 28: 397-419.
8. Sergeant J, (2000) The cognitive-energetic model: An empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 24: 7-12.
9. Sonuga-Barke EJS, (2002) Psychological heterogeneity in AD/HD: A dual pathway model of behaviour and cognition. Behav Brain Res 130: 29-36.
10. Nigg JT, Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Sonuga-Barke EJS, (2005) Causal heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Do we need neuropsychologically impaired subtypes? Biol Psychiatry 57: 1224-1230.
11. Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF, (2005) Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biol Psychiatry 57: 1336-1346.
12. Nigg JT, Stavro G, Ettenhofer M, Hambrick DZ, Miller T, et al. (2005) Executive functions and ADHD in adults: Evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains. J Abnorm Psychol 114: 706-717.
13. Thorell L, (2007) Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48: 1061-1070.
14. Nigg JT, Hinshaw SP, Carte E, Treuting J, (1998) Neuropsychological correlates of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Explainable by comorbid disruptive behaviour or reading problems? J Abnorm Psychol 107: 468-480.
15. Willcutt EG, Pennington BF, Boada R, Tunick RA, Ogline J, et al. (2001) A comparison of the cognitive deficits in reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 110: 157-172.
16. Oosterlaan J, Logan GD, Sergeant JA, (1998) Response inhibition in ADHD, CD, comorbid ADHD, CD, anxious and normal children: A meta-analysis of studies with the stop task. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39: 411-426.
17. Sergeant JA, Geurts H, Oosterlaan J, (2002) How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Behav Brain Res 130: 3-28.
18. Boonstra AM, Oosterlaan J, Sergeant JA, Buitelaar JK, (2005) Executive functioning in adult ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Med 35: 1097-1108.
19. Hervey AS, Epstein JN, Curry JF, (2004) Neuropsychology of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychologia 18: 485-503.
20. Schoechlin C, Engel RR, (2005) Neuropsychological performance in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analysis of empirical data. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 20: 727-744.
21. Bálint S, Czobor P, Komlósi S, Mészáros A, Simon V, et al. (2009) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Gender- and age-related differences in neurocognition. Psychol Med 39: 1337-1345.
22. Solanto MV, Abikoff H, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Schachar R, Logan GD, et al. (2001) The ecological validity of delay aversion and response inhibition as measures of impulsivity in AD/HD: A supplement to the NIMH multimodal treatment study of AD/HD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29: 215-228.
23. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Dalen L, Remington B, (2003) Do executive deficits and delay aversion make independent contributions to preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42: 1335-1342.
24. Thorell L, (2007) Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms: A study of early academic skill deficits. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48: 1061-1070.
25. Sonuga-Barke EJS, (2003) The dual pathway model of AD/HD: An elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27: 593-604.
26. Bitsakou P, Psychogiou L, Thompson M, Sonuga-Barke EJS, (2009) Delay aversion in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An empirical investigation of the broader phenotype. Neuropsychologia 47: 446-456.
27. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Taylor E, Sembi S, Smith J, (1992) Hyperactivity and delay aversion - I. The effect of delay on choice. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 33: 387-398.
28. Marx I, Hübner T, Herpertz SC, Berger C, Reuter E, et al. (2010) Cross-sectional evaluation of cognitive functioning in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD. J Neural Transm 117: 403-419.
29. Marx I, Pieper J, Berger C, Häβler F, Herpertz SC, (2011) Contextual influence of highly valued rewards and penalties on delay decisions in children with ADHD. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 42: 488-496.
30. Sergeant JA, (2005) Modelling ADHD: A critical appraisal of the cognitive-energetic model. Biol Psychiatry 57: 1248-1255.
31. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Wiersema JR, van der Merre JJ, Royers H, (2009) Context-dependent dynamic processes in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Differentiating common and unique effects of state regulation deficits and delay aversion. Neuropsychol Rev 20: 86-102.
32. Uebel H, Albrecht B, Asherson P, Börger NA, Butler L, et al. (2010) Performance variability, impulsivity errors and the impact of incentives as gender-independent endophenotypes for ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51: 210-218.
33. Adamo N, Di Martino A, Esu L, Petkova E, Johnson K, et al. (2012) Increased response-time variability across different cognitive tasks in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. doi: 10.1177/1087054712439419.
34. Castellanos FX, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Scheres A, Di Martino A, Hyde C, et al. (2005) Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biol Psychiatry 57: 1416-1423.
35. Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Raichle ME, (2007) Intrinsic fluctuations within cortical systems account for intertrial variability in human behavior. Neuron 56: 171-184.
36. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Castellanos FX, (2007) Spontaneous attentional fluctuations in impaired states and pathological conditions: A neurobiological hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31: 977-986.
37. Andreou P, Neale BM, Chen W, Christiansen H, Gabriels I, et al. (2007) Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects. Psychol Med 37: 1703-1715.
38. Kuntsi J, Wood AC, van der Merre J, Asherson P, (2009) Why cognitive performance in ADHD may not reveal true potential: Findings from a large population-based sample. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 15: 570-579.
39. Aase H, Sagvolgen T, (2006) Infrequent, but not frequent, reinforcers produce more variable responding and deficient sustained attention in young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47: 457-471.
40. Johnson KA, Wiersema JR, Kuntsi J, (2009) What would Karl Popper say? Are current psychological theories of ADHD falsifiable? Behav Brain Funct 5: 15.
41. Luman M, van Noesel SJP, Papanikolau A, van Oostenbruggen-Scheffer J, Veugelers D, et al. (2009) Inhibition, reinforcement sensitivity and temporal information processing in ADHD and ADHD+ODD: Evidence of a separate entity? J Abnorm Child Psychol 37: 1123-1135.
42. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Wiersema JR, van der Merre JJ, Roeyers H, (2010) Context-dependent dynamic processes in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Differentiating common and unique effects of state regulation deficits and delay aversion. Neuropsychol Rev 20: 86-102.
43. Barkley RA, (1999) Response inhibition in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Ment Retard and Dev Disabil Res Rev 5: 177-184.
44. Logan GD (1994) On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A users' guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach & T.H. Carr, Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (189-239). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
45. Verbruggen F, Logan GD, (2009) Models of response inhibition in the stop-signal and stop-change paradigms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33: 647-661.
46. Lijffijt M, Kenemans JL, Verbaten MN, van Engeland H, (2005) A meta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control? J Abnorm Psychol 114: 216-222.
47. Adams ZW, Roberts WM, Milich R, Fillmore MT, (2011) Does response variability predict distractibility among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Psychol Assess 23: 427-436.
48. Schecklmann M, Ehlis A-C, Plichta MM, Dresler T, Heine M, et al. (2012) Working memory and response inhibition as one integral phenotype of adult ADHD? A behavioral and imaging correlational investigation. J Atten Disord. doi: 10.1177/1087054711429702.
49. Bekker EM, Overtoom CC, Kenemans JL, Kooij JJ, de Noord I, et al. (2005) Stopping and changing in adults with ADHD. Psychol Med 35: 807-816.
50. Chamberlain SR, del Campo N, Dowson J, Müller U, Clark L, et al. (2007) Atomoxetine improved response inhibition in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 62: 977-984.
51. Epstein JN, Johnson DE, Varia IM, Conners KC, (2001) Neuropsychological assessment of response inhibition in adults with ADHD. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 23: 362-371.
52. MacLaren VV, Taukulis HK, Best LA, (2007) Inhibition in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Event-related potentials in the stop task. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 32: 155-162.
53. Valera EM, Brown A, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Makris N, et al. (2010) Sex differences in the functional neuroanatomy of working memory in adults with ADHD. Am J Psychiatry 167: 86-94.
54. Bayerl M, Dielentheis TF, Vucurevic G, Gesierich T, Vogel F, et al. (2010) Disturbed brain activation during a working memory task in drug-naive adult patients with ADHD. Neuroreport 21: 442-446.
55. Himpel S, Banaschewski T, Grüttner A, Becker A, Heise A, et al. (2009) Duration discrimination in the range of milliseconds and seconds in children with ADHD and their unaffected siblings. Psychol Med 39: 1745-1751.
56. Smith A, Taylor E, Rogers JW, Newman S, Rubia K, (2002) Evidence for a pure time perception deficit in children with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 43: 529-542.
57. Valko L, Schneider G, Doehnert M, Müller U, Brandeis D, et al. (2010) Time processing in children and adults with ADHD. J Neural Transm 117: 1213-1228.
58. McInerney RJ, Kerns KA, (2003) Time reproduction in children with ADHD: Motivation matters. Child Neuropsychol 9: 91-108.
59. Mullins C, Bellgrove MA, Gill M, Robertson IH, (2005) Variability in time reproduction: Difference in ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44: 169-176.
60. Barkley RA, Murphy KR, Bush T, (2001) Time perception and reproduction in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology 15: 351-360.
61. Bauermeister JJ, Barkley RA, Martinez JV, Cumba E, Ramirez RR, et al. (2005) Time estimation and performance on reproduction tasks in subtypes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 34: 151-162.
62. Dalen L, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Hall M, Remington B, (2004) Inhibitory deficits, delay aversion and preschool AD/HD: Implications for the dual pathway model. Neural Plast 11: 1-11.
63. Hoerger ML, Mace FC, (2006) A computerized test of self-control predicts classroom behavior. J Appl Behav Anal 39: 147-159.
64. Kuntsi J, Oosterlaan J, Stevenson J, (2001) Psychological mechanisms in hyperactivity: I Response inhibition deficit, working memory impairment, delay aversion, or something else? J Child Psychol Psychiat 42: 199-210.
65. Kuntsi J, Wood AC, Rijsdijk F, Johnson KA, Andreou P, et al. (2010) Separation of cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into 2 familial factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67: 1159-1167.
66. Lambek R, Tannock R, Dalsgaard S, Trillingsgaard A, Damm D, et al. (2010) Validating neuropsychological subtypes of ADHD: How do children with and without an executive function deficit differ? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51: 895-904.
67. Marco R, Miranda A, Schlotz W, Melia A, Mulligan A, et al. (2009) Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion. Neuropsychology 23: 367-380.
68. Solanto MV, Gilbert SN, Raj A, Zhu J, Pope-Boyd S, et al. (2007) Neurocognitive functioning in AD/HD, predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35: 729-744.
69. Vloet TD, Marx I, Kahraman-Lanzerath B, Zepf FD, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, et al. (2010) Neurocognitive performance in children with ADHD and OCD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38: 961-969.
70. Wood AC, Rijsdijk F, Johnson KA, Andreou P, Albrecht B, et al. (2011) The relationship between ADHD and key cognitive phenotypes is not mediated by shared familial effects with IQ. Psychol Med 41: 861-871.
71. Müller UC, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Brandeis D, Steinhausen H-C, (2006) Online measurement of motivational processes: Introducing the continuous delay aversion test (ConDAT). J Neurosci Methods 151: 45-51.
72. Konrad K, Gauggel S, Manz A, Scholl M, (2000) Lack of inhibition: A motivational deficit in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and children with traumatic brain injury. Child Neuropsychol 6: 286-296.
73. Scheres A, Oosterlaan J, Sergeant J, (2001) Response execution and inhibition in children with AD/HD and other disruptive disorders: The role of behavioural activation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42: 347-357.
74. Stevens J, Quittner AL, Zuckerman JB, Moore S, (2002) Behavioral inhibition, self-regulation of motivation, and working memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Dev Neuropsychol 21: 117-139.
75. Michel J, Kerns K, Mateer C, (2005) The effect of reinforcement variables on inhibition in children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 11: 295-302.
76. Shanahan MA, Pennington BF, Willcutt EW, (2008) Do motivational incentives reduce the inhibition deficit in ADHD? Dev Neuropsychol 33: 137-159.
77. Corkum PV, Schachar RJ, Siegel LS, (1996) Performance on the continuous performance task and the impact of reward. J Attent Disord 1: 114-121.
78. Rubia K, Halari R, Cubillo A, Mohammad AM, Brammer M, et al. (2009) Methylphenidate normalises activation and functional connectivity deficits in attention and motivation networks in medication-naïve children with ADHD during a rewarded continuous performance task. Neuropharmacology 57: 640-652.
79. Karalunas SL, Huang-Pollock CL, (2011) Examining relationships between executive functioning and delay aversion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 40: 837-847.
80. Wilhelm C, Marx I, Konrad K, Willmes K, Holtkamp K, et al. (2011) Differential patterns of disordered eating in subjects with ADHD and overweight. World J Biol Psychiatry 12(S1): 118-123.
81. Yang B-R, Chan RCK, Gracia N, Cao X-Y, Zou X-B, et al. (2011) Cool and hot executive functions in medication-naïve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children. Psychol Med 41: 2593-2602.
82. Tomasi D, Volkow ND, (2011) Abnormal functional connectivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 71: 443-450.
83. Liddle EB, Hollis C, Batty MJ, Groom MJ, Totman JJ, et al. (2011) Task-related default mode network modulation and inhibitory control in ADHD: Effects of motivation and methylphenidate. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 52: 761-771.
84. Wilbertz G, van Elst LT, Delgado MR, Maier S, Feige B, et al. (2011) Orbitofrontal reward sensitivity and impulsivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage 60: 353-361.
85. Ströhle A, Stoy M, Wrase J, Schwarzer S, Schlagenhauf F, et al. (2008) Reward anticipation and outcomes in adult males with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage 39: 966-972.
86. Barkley RA (1998) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment, 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
87. Rösler M, Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Stieglitz R-D (2008) HASE -Homburger ADHS-Skalen für Erwachsene. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
88. Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D, Weijers HG, Trott GE, et al. (2002) Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k). Die deutsche Kurzform zur retrospektiven Erfassung des hyperkinetischen Syndroms bei Erwachsenen. Nervenarzt 73: 830-838.
89. Conners C, Erhardt D, Sparrow E (1998) The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale - Long Version (CAARS-S-L). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
90. Rösler M, Retz W, Retz-Junginger P, Thome J, Supprian T, et al. (2004) Instrumente zur Diagnostik der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter. Selbstbeurteilungsskala (ADHS-SB) und Diagnosecheckliste (ADHS-DC). Nervenarzt 75: 888-895.
91. Barratt ES (1985) Impulsiveness subtraits: Arousal and information processing. In: Spence JT, Izard CE, Motivation, emotion and personality. Amsterdam: North Holland/Elsevier Science.
92. Tewes U (1994) Hamburg-Wechsler-Intelligenztest für Erwachsene - Revision 1991 HAWIE-R). Bern:Huber.
93. Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D, Stieglitz RD, Georg T, et al. (2003) Reliabilität und Validität der Wender-Utah-Rating-Scale-Kurzform. Retrospektive Erfassung von Symptomen aus dem Spektrum der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivitätsstörung. Nervenarzt 74: 987-993.
94. Carter JD, Farrow M, Silberstein RB, Stough C, Tucker A, et al. (2003) Assessing inhibitory control: A revised approach to the stop signal task. J Atten Disord 6: 153-161.
95. Meaux JB, Chelonis JJ, (2003) Time perception differences in children with and without ADHD. J Pediatr Health Care 17: 64-71.
96. Rheinberg F, Vollmeyer R, Burns BD, (2001) QCM: A questionnaire to assess current motivation in learning situations. Diagnostica 47: 57-66.
97. Vollmeyer R & Rheinberg F, (1998) Motivationale Einflüsse auf Erwerb und Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 12: 11-23.
98. Murphy KR, Barkley RA, Bush T, (2002) Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: subtype differences in comorbidity, educational, and clinical history. J Nerv Ment Dis 190: 147-157.
99. Taanila AM, Hurtig TM, Miettunen J, Ebeling HE, Mailanen IK, (2009) Association between ADHD symptoms and adolescents' psychosocial wellbeing: A study of the Northern Finland birth cohort 1986. Int J Circumpolar Health 68: 133-142.
100. Carlson CL, Mann M, Alexander DK, (2000) Effects of reward and response cost on the performance and motivation of children with AD/HD. Cogn Ther Res 24: 87-98.
101. Niederhofer H, (2008) Attributions for school success and failure by adolescent students with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Rep 102: 616-620.
102. Rucklidge J, Brown D, Crawford S, Kaplan B, (2007) Attributional styles and psychosocial functioning of adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 10: 288-298.
103. Bidwell LC, Willcutt EG, DeFries JC, Pennington BF, (2007) Testing for neuropsychological endophenotypes in siblings discordant for ADHD. Biol Psychiatry 62: 991-998.
104. Toplak ME, Tannock R, (2005) Time perception: Modality and duration effects in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Abnorm Child Psychol 33: 639-654.
105. Luman M, Oosterlaan J, Sergeant JA, (2005) The impact of reinforcement contingencies on AD/HD: A review and theoretical appraisal. Clin Psychol Rev 25: 183-213.
106. Demurie E, Roeyers H, Baeyens D, Sonuga-Barke E, (2011) Common alterations in sensitivity to type but not amount of reward in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 52: 1164-1173.