Serrated colon polyps as precursors to colorectal cancer

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Volumn 11, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 760-767

  Sweetser, Seth ^a   Smyrk, Thomas C ^b   Sinicrope, Frank A ^a,b  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b Mayo Clinic   (United States)

Author keywords

Colon Cancer; Serrated Polyposis Syndrome; Serrated Polyps; Sessile Serrated Adenomas

Indexed keywords

CAUTERIZATION; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; COLON POLYP; COLORECTAL CANCER; COLORECTAL POLYP; ENDOSCOPIC POLYPECTOMY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MISMATCH REPAIR; POLYPECTOMY; PRECURSOR; RECTUM ADENOMA; REVIEW; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADENOCARCINOMA; ADENOMA; COLON; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; ENDOSCOPY; HUMANS; INTESTINAL POLYPS;

EID: 84879221566     PISSN: 15423565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.004     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Jemal A., Bray F., Center M.M., et al. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011, 61:69-90.
2. Huang C.S., Farraye F.A., Yang S., et al. The clinical significance of serrated polyps. Am J Gastroenterol 2011, 106:229-240.
3. Torlakovic E., Skovlund E., Snover D.C., et al. Morphologic reappraisal of serrated colorectal polyps. Am J Clin Pathol 2003, 27:65-81.
4. Snover D.C., Ahnen D., Burt R., et al. Serrated polyps of the colon and rectum and serrated polyposis. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system 2010, IARC, Lyon. 4th ed. F.T. Bosman, F. Carneiro, R.H. Hruban (Eds.).
5. Yang S., Farraye F.A., Mack C., et al. BRAF and KRAS mutations in hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas of the colorectum: relationship to histology and CpG island methylation status. Am J Surg Pathol 2004, 28:1452-1459.
6. Goldstein N.S., Bhanot P., Odish E., et al. Hyperplastic-like colon polyps that preceded microsatellite-unstable adenocarcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2003, 119:778-796.
7. Li S.C., Burgart L. Histopathology of serrated adenoma, its variants, and differentiation from conventional adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007, 131:440-445.
8. Hawkins N.J., Ward R.L. Sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability and their possible origin in hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001, 93:1307-1313.
9. Snover D.C., Jass J.R., Fenoglio-Preiser C., et al. Serrated polyps of the large intestine. Am J Clin Pathol 2005, 124:380-391.
10. Leggett B., Whitehall V. Role of the serrated pathway in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 2010, 138:2088-2100.
11. Yantiss R.K., Oh K.Y., Chen Y.T., et al. Filiform serrated adenomas: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 18 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2007, 31:1238-1245.
12. Haramis A.P., Begthel H., van den Born M., et al. De novo crypt formation and juvenile polyposis on BMP inhibition in mouse intestine. Science 2004, 303:1684-1686.
13. Fu B., Yachida S., Morgan R., et al. Clinicopathologic and genetic characterization of traditional serrated adenomas of the colon. Am J Clin Pathol 2012, 138:356-366.
14. Toyota M., Ahuja N., Ohe-Toyota M., et al. CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999, 96:8681-8686.
15. Ogino S., Nosho K., Irahara N., et al. Prognostic significance and molecular associations of 18q loss of heterozygosity: a cohort study of microsatellite stable colorectal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27:4591-4598.
16. Rajagopalan H., Bardelli A., Lengauer C., et al. Tumorigenesis: RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status. Nature 2002, 418:934.
17. Samowitz W.S., Albertsen H., Herrick J., et al. Evaluation of a large, population-based sample supports a CpG island methylator phenotype in colon cancer. Gastroenterology 2005, 129:837-845.
18. Weisenberger D.J., Siegmund K.D., Campan M., et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2006, 38:787-793.
19. Domingo E., Laiho P., Ollikainen M., et al. BRAF screening as a low-cost effective strategy for simplifying HNPCC genetic testing. J Med Genet 2004, 41:664-668.
20. Arain M.A., Sawhney M., Sheikh S., et al. CIMP status of interval colon cancers: another piece to the puzzle. Am J Gastroenterol 2010, 105:1189-1195.
21. Jass J.R. Serrated adenoma of the colorectum and the DNA-methylator phenotype. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005, 2:398-405.
22. Fernando W.D., Whitehall V.L., Leggett B.A., et al. SLC5A8 methlyation: CIMP and BRAF mutation in serrated polyps of the colorectum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 23:A218.
23. Mäkinen M.J., George S.M., Jernvall P., et al. Colorectal carcinoma associated with serrated adenoma: prevalence, histological features, and prognosis. J Pathol 2001, 193:286-294.
24. Beach R., Chan A.O., Wu T.T., et al. BRAF mutations in aberrant crypt foci and hyperplastic polyposis. Am J Pathol 2005, 166:1069-1075.
25. Kambara T., Simms L.A., Whitehall V.L., et al. BRAF mutation is associated with DNA methylation in serrated polyps and cancers of the colorectum. Gut 2004, 53:1137-1144.
26. Whitehall V.L., Walsh M.D., Young J., et al. Methylation of O-6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase characterizes a subset of colorectal cancer with low-level DNA microsatellite instability. Cancer Res 2001, 61:827-830.
27. Ogino S., Kawasaki T., Ogawa A., et al. TGFBR2 mutation is correlated with CpG island methylator phenotype in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2007, 38:614-620.
28. Yamagata S., Muto T., Uchida Y., et al. Polypoid growth and K-ras codon 12 mutation in colorectal cancer. Cancer 1995, 75:953-957.
29. Torlakovic E.E., Gomez J.D., Driman D.K., et al. Sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) vs traditional serrated adenoma (TSA). Am J Clin Pathol 2008, 32:21-29.
30. Carr N.J., Mahajan H., Tan K.L., et al. Serrated and non-serrated polyps of the colorectum: their prevalence in an unselected case series and correlation of BRAF mutation analysis with the diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma. J Clin Pathol 2009, 62:516-518.
31. Spring K.J., Zhao Z.Z., Karamatic R., et al. High prevalence of sessile serrated adenomas with BRAF mutations: a prospective study of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 2006, 131:1400-1407.
32. Lash R.H., Genta R.M., Schuler C.M. Sessile serrated adenomas: prevalence of dysplasia and carcinoma in 2139 patients. J Clin Pathol 2010, 63:681-686.
33. Hetzel J.T., Huang C.S., Coukos J.A., et al. Variation in the detection of serrated polyps in an average risk colorectal cancer screening cohort. Am J Gastroenterol 2010, 105:2656-2664.
34. Kahi C.J., Li X., Eckert G.J., et al. High colonoscopic prevalence of proximal colon serrated polyps in average-risk men and women. Gastrointest Endosc 2012, 75:515-520.
35. Longacre T.A., Fenoglio-Preiser C.M. Mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps/serrated adenomas: a distinct form of colorectal neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 1990, 14:524-537.
36. Wallace K., Grau M.V., Ahnen D., et al. The association of lifestyle and dietary factors with the risk for serrated polyps of the colorectum. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009, 18:2310-2317.
37. Limsui D., Vierkant R.A., Tillmans L.S., et al. Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer risk by molecularly defined subtypes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010, 102:1012-1022.
38. Jeevaratnam P., Cottier D.S., Browett P.J., et al. Familial giant hyperplastic polyposis predisposing to colorectal cancer: a new hereditary bowel cancer syndrome. J Pathol 1996, 179:20-25.
39. Boparai K.S., Reitsma J.B., Lemmens V., et al. Increased colorectal cancer risk in first-degree relatives of patients with hyperplastic polyposis syndrome. Gut 2010, 59:1222-1225.
40. Kalady M.F., Jarrar A., Leach B., et al. Defining phenotypes and cancer risk in hyperplastic polyposis syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 2011, 54:164-170.
41. Chow E., Lipton L., Lynch E., et al. Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome: phenotypic presentations and the role of MBD4 and MYH. Gastroenterology 2006, 131:30-39.
42. Rubio C.A., Stemme S., Jaramillo E., et al. Hyperplastic polyposis coli syndrome and colorectal carcinoma. Endoscopy 2006, 38:266-270.
43. Rashid A., Houlihan P.S., Booker S., et al. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of hyperplastic polyposis. Gastroenterology 2000, 119:323-332.
44. Vemulapalli K.C., Rex D.K. Failure to recognize serrated polyposis syndrome in a cohort with large sessile colorectal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc 2012, 75:1206-1210.
45. Buchanan D.D., Sweet K., Drini M., et al. Phenotypic diversity in patients with multiple serrated polyps: a genetics clinic study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010, 25:703-712.
46. Edelstein D.L., Axilbund J.E., Hylind L.M., et al. Serrated polyposis: rapid and relentless development of colorectal neoplasia. Gut 2013, 62:404-408.
47. Boparai K.S., Dekker E., Polak M.M., et al. A serrated colorectal cancer pathway predominates over the classic WNT pathway in patients with hyperplastic polyposis syndrome. Am J Pathol 2011, 178:2700-2707.
48. Lage P., Cravo M., Sousa R., et al. Management of Portuguese patients with hyperplastic polyposis and screening of at-risk first-degree relatives: a contribution for future guidelines based on a clinical study. Am J Gastroenterol 2004, 99:1779-1784.
49. Win A., Walters R., Buchanan D., et al. A study of cancer risks in relatives of patients with serrated polyposis. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012, 10:A21.
50. Chan A.O., Issa J.P., Morris J.S., et al. Concordant CpGi island methylation in hyperplastic polyposis. Am J Pathol 2002, 160:529-536.
51. Boparai K.S., Dekker E., van Eeden S., et al. Hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated adenomas as a phenotypic expression of MYH-associated polyposis. Gastroenterology 2008, 135:2014-2018.
52. Jass J.R. Hyperplastic polyps of the colorectum: innocent or guilty?. Dis Colon Rectum 2001, 44:163-166.
53. Goldstein N.S. Small colonic microsatellite unstable adenocarcinomas and high-grade epithelial dysplasias in sessile serrated adenoma polypectomy specimens: a study of eight cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2006, 125:132-145.
54. Lazarus R., Junttila O.E., Karttunen T.J., et al. The risk of metachronous neoplasia in patients with serrated adenoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2005, 123:349-359.
55. Poynter J.N., Siegmund K.D., Weisenberger D.J., et al. Molecular characterization of MSI-H colorectal cancer by MLHI promoter methylation, immunohistochemistry, and mismatch repair germline mutation screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008, 17:3208-3215.
56. Snover D.C. Update on the serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2011, 42:1-10.
57. Sheridan T.B., Fenton H., Lewin M.R., et al. Sessile serrated adenomas with low- and high-grade dysplasia and early carcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2006, 126:564-571.
58. Sawhney M.S., Farrar W.D., Gudiseva S., et al. Microsatellite instability in interval colon cancers. Gastroenterology 2006, 131:1700-1705.
59. Schriener M.A., Weiss D.G., Lieberman D.A., et al. Proximal and large hyperplastic and nondysplastic serrated polyps detected by colonoscopy are associated with neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2010, 139:1497-1502.
60. Hiraoka S., Kato J., Fujiki S., et al. The presence of large serrated polyps increases risk for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2010, 139:1503-1510.
61. East J.E., Saunders B.P., Jass J.R. Sporadic and syndromic hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas of the colon: classification, molecular genetics, natural history, and clinical management. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2008, 37:25-46.
62. Baxter N.N., Goldwasser M.A., Paszat L.F., et al. Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 2009, 150:1-8.
63. Singh H., Nugent Z., Mahmud S.M., et al. Predictors of colorectal cancer after negative colonoscopy: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2010, 105:663-673.
64. Brenner H., Hoffmeister M., Arndt V., et al. Protection from right- and left-sided colorectal neoplasms after colonoscopy: population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010, 102:89-95.
65. Farrar W.D., Sawhney M.S., Nelson D.B., et al. Colorectal cancers found after a complete colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006, 4:1259-1264.
66. Rondagh E.J., Bouwens M.W., Riedl R.G., et al. Endoscopic appearance of proximal colorectal neoplasms and potential implications for colonoscopy in cancer prevention. Gastrointest Endosc 2012, 75:1218-1225.
67. Raghavendra M., Hewett D.G., Rex D.K. Differentiating adenomas from hyperplastic colorectal polyps: narrow-band imaging can be learned in 20 minutes. Gastrointest Endosc 2010, 72:572-576.
68. Vu H.T., Lopez R., Bennett A., et al. Individuals with sessile serrated polyps express an aggressive colorectal phenotype. Dis Colon Rectum 2011, 54:1216-1223.
69. Oka S., Tanaka S., Hiyama T., et al. Clinicopathologic and endoscopic features of colorectal serrated adenoma: differences between polypoid and superficial types. Gastrointest Endosc 2004, 59:213-219.
70. Tadepalli U.S., Feihel D., Miller K.M., et al. A morphologic analysis of sessile serrated polyps observed during routine colonoscopy (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2011, 74:1360-1368.
71. Update on the Paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesions in the digestive tract. Endoscopy 2005, 37:570-578. Endoscopic Classification Review Group.
72. Kahi C.J., Hewett D.G., Norton D.L., et al. Prevalence and variable detection of proximal colon serrated polyps during screening colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 9:42-46.
73. Burnett-Hartman A.N., Newcomb P.A., Phipps A.I., et al. Colorectal endoscopy, advanced adenomas, and sessile serrated polyps: implications for proximal colon cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2012, 107:1213-1219.
74. Rex D.K., Hewett D.G., Snover D.C. Editorial: detection targets for colonoscopy-from variable detection to validation. Am J Gastroenterol 2010, 105:2665-2669.
75. Barclay R.L., Vicari J.J., Doughty A.S., et al. Colonoscopic withdrawal times and adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:2533-2541.
76. East J.E., Bassett P., Arebi N., et al. Dynamic patient position changes during colonoscope withdrawal increase adenoma detection: a randomized, crossover trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2011, 73:456-463.
77. Kimura T., Yamamoto E., Yamano H., et al. A novel pit pattern identifies the precursor of colorectal cancer derived from sessile serrated adenoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2012, 107:460-469.
78. Kudo S., Tamura S., Nakajima T., et al. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1996, 44:8-14.
79. Hussain F.T.N., Yab T.C., Harrington J.J., et al. 743 noninvasive detection of serrated colorectal polyps by stool assay of methylated vimentin and mutant BRAF genes. Gastroenterology 2010, 138:S-102.
80. Rex D.K., Ahnen D.J., Baron J.A., et al. Serrated lesions of the colorectum: review and recommendations from an expert panel. Am J Gastroenterol 2012, 107:1315-1329.
81. Terdiman J.P., McQuaid K.R. Surveillance guidelines should be updated to recognize the importance of serrated polyps. Gastroenterology 2010, 139:1444-1447.
82. Lieberman D.A., Rex D.K., Winawer S.J., et al. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after screening and polypectomy: a consensus update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2012, 143:844-857.
83. Brenner H., Chang-Claude J., Jansen L., et al. Role of colonoscopy and polyp characteristics in colorectal cancer after colonoscopic polyp detection: a population-based case-control study. Ann Intern Med 2012, 157:225-232.
84. Chandra A., Cerar A., Talbot I.C., et al. Clinico-pathological aspects of colorectal serrated adenomas. World J Gastroenterol 2006, 12:2770-2772.