Current solutions for the interception of quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus

Current Organic Chemistry

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 97-104

  Cotar, Ani Ioana ^a,b   Ionescu, Bogdan ^a   Pelinescu, Diana ^a   Voidarou, Chrissa ^c   Lazar, Veronica ^a   Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia ^c   Chifiriuc, Mariana Carmen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST   (Romania)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MICROTECHNOLOGIES   (Romania)

^c DEMOCRITUS UNIVERSITY OF THRACE   (Greece)

Author keywords

Antipathogenic strategy; Probiotic; Quorum sensing inhibitors; Staphylococcus aureus

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; GENE THERAPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

ANTIPATHOGENIC STRATEGY; CLINICAL STRAINS; GENES EXPRESSION; PROBIOTICS; QUORUM-SENSING; QUORUM-SENSING INHIBITORS; QUORUM-SENSING SYSTEMS; S. AUREUS; SPECTRA'S; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

GENE EXPRESSION;

EID: 84879129772     PISSN: 13852728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1385272811317020004     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Plata, K., Rosato, A.E., and Wegrzyn, G. Staphylococcus aureus as an infectious agent: overview of biochemistry and molecular genetics of its patho genicity, Acta Biochimica Polonica 2009, 56(4), 597-612.
2. Verraedt, E., Braem, A., Chaudhari, A., Thevissen, K., Adams, E., Van Mellaert, L., Cammue, B.P.A., Duyck, J., Anné, J., Vleugels, J., Martens, J.A. Controlled release of chlorhexidine antiseptic from microporous amorphous silica applied in open porosity of an implant surface, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2011, 419(1-2), 28-32.
3. Viegas, K.D., Dol, S.S., Salek, M.M., Shepherd, R.D., Martinuzzi, R.M., and Rinker, K.D. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrates wall shear stress dependent behavior. 2011 Viegas et al. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 10:20.
4. Alexandre José Macedo and Wolf-Rainer Abraham. Can Infectious Biofilm be Controlled by Blocking Bacterial Communication? Medicinal Chemistry, 2009, 5, 517-528.
5. Brackman, G., Cos, P., Maes, L., Nelis, H.J., and Coenye T. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Increase the Susceptibility of Bacterial Biofilms to Antibiotics In Vitro and In Vivo. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2011, 55 (6), 62655-2661.
6. Donlan, R.M., and J. W. Costerton. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2002, 15,167-193.
7. Høiby, N, T. Bjarnsholt, Givskov, S. M., and Ciofu, O. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2010, 35, 322-332.
8. Musk, D.J.Jr., and Hergenrother, P.J. Chemical countermeasures for the control of bacterial biofilms: effective compounds and promising targets. Curr. Med. Chem. 2006, 13, 2163-2177.
9. Bordi, C, and de Bentzmann, S. Hacking into bacterial biofilms: a new therapeutic challenge. Annals of Intensive Care, 2011, 1, 19.
10. Venter JC, Remington K, Heidelberg JF, Halpern AL, Rusch D, Eisen JA, Wu D, Paulsen I, Nelson, K.E., Nelson, W. et al. Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Science 2004, 304, 66-74.
11. Caetano, L., Antunes, M., Rosana, B., Ferreira, R., Michelle, M., Buckner, C, and Finlay, B.B. Quorum sensing in bacterial virulence. Microbiology, 2010,156, 2271-2282.
12. Cotar, A.I., Chifiriuc, M.C., Dinu, S., Bucur, M., Iordache, C, Banu, O., Dracea, O., Larion, C, Laza, V. Screening of Molecular Virulence Markers in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Clinical Infections. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2010, 11(12), 5273-5291.
13. Asad, S., and Opal, SM. Bench-to-bedside review: Quorum sensing and the role of cellto-cell communication during invasive bacterial infection. Critical Care 2008, 12:236.
14. Raina, S., De Vizio, D., Odell, M., Clements, M., Vanhulle S., and Keshavarz, T., Microbial quorum sensing: a tool or a target for antimicrobial therapy? Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 2009, 54, 65-84.
15. Balaban, N, and Novick, R. P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1995, 92, 1619-1623.
16. Gordon, R.J., and Lowy, F.D. Pathogenesis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2008, 46, S350-9.
17. Plata, K., Rosato, A.E., and Wegrzyn, G. Staphylococcus aureus as an infectious agent: overview of biochemistry and molecular genetics of its pathogenicity. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 2009, 56(4), 597-612.
18. Sugiyama, Y., Okii, K., Murakami, Y., Yokoyama, T., Takesue, Y., Ohge, H., Sueda, T., and Hiyama, E. Changes in the agr Locus Affect Enteritis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2009, 47(5), 1528-1535.
19. Jarraud, S., Mougel, C, Thioulouse, J., Lina, G., Meugnier, H., Forey, F., Nesme, X., Etienne, J., and Vandenesch, F. Relationships between Staphylococcus aureus Genetic Background, Virulence Factors, agr Groups (Alleles), and Human Disease. Infect. Immun, 2002, 70(2), 631-641.
20. Cámara, M., Williams P., Hardman, A. Controlling infection by tuning in and turning down volume of bacterial small-talk. Lancet Infect Dis 2002, 2:667-676.
21. Yarwood, J.M., Schlievert, P.M. Quorum sensing in Staphylococcus infections. J Clin Invest, 2003, 112, 1620-1625.
22. Wright, J.S., Jin, R., and Novick R.P. Transient interference with staphylococcal quorum sensing blocks abscess formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 1691-1696.
23. Carnes, E.C., Lopez, DeAnna M., Donegan N.P., Cheung, A., Gresham, H., Timmins G., & C Brinker, J. Confinement-induced quorum sensing of individual Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Nature Chemical Biology, 2010, 6.
24. Jarraud, S., Lyon, G.J., Figueiredo, A.M., Lina, G., Vandenesch, F., Etienne, J., Muir, T.W., Novick, R.P. Exfoliatin-producing strains define a fourth agr specificity group in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol, 2000, 182, 6517-6522.
25. Shopsin, B., Mathema, B., Alcabes, P., Said-Salim B., Lina, G., Matsuka, A., Martinez, J., Kreiswirth, B.N., Prevalence of agr Specificity Groups among Staphylococcus aureus Strains Colonizing Children and Their Guardians. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2003, 41(1), 456-459.
26. Cotar, A.I., Dinu, S., Chifiriuc, C, Banu, O., Iordache, C, Lixandru, M., Dracea, O., Bucur, M., Lazar, V. Molecular markers of quorum sensing and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from biofilm associated infections, RBL, 2008, 13, 3771-3778.
27. Cotar, A.I., Chifiriuc, MM., Holban, A. M., Banu, O., Lazar, V. Prelevance of agr specificity groups among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different clinical specimens patients with cardiovascular surgery associated infections, Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2012, 2(1), 264-270.
28. Katrina, E.T., Lee, E., Benson, S., Corrigan, R., Cantera, M., Shopsin, B., Novick, R.P. agr function in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Microbiology, 2008, 154, 2265-2274.
29. Vassiliki, C, Dimitracopoulos, G., Spiliopoulou I. Occurrence of the Enterotoxin Gene Cluster and the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Gene among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Is Related to Clonal Type and agr Group. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, 2006, 44(5), 1881-1883.
30. Jarraud, S., Mougel, C, Thioulouse, J., Lina, G., Meugnier, H., Forey, F., Nesme, X., Etienne, J., and Vandenesch, F. Relationships between Staphylococcus aureus Genetic Background, Virulence Factors, agr Groups (Alleles), and Human Disease. Infect. Immun, 2002, 70(2), 631-641.
31. Boles, B.R., Horswill, A.R. agr-Mediated Dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. PLoS Pathogens, 2008, 4(4), e1000052.
32. Florjanic, M., Kristl, J. The control of biofilm formation by hydrodynamics of purified water in industrial distribution system, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2011, 405 (1-2),16-22.
33. Kiran, M.D., Adikesavan, N.V., Cirioni, O., Giacometti, A., Silvestri, C, Scalise, G., Ghiselli, R., Saba, V., Orlando, F., Shoham, M., and Balaban, N. Discovery of a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcal Infections by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Molecular Pharmacology, 2008, 73(5).
34. Kong, K.F., Vuong, C, and Otto, M. Staphylococcus quorum sensing in biofilm formation and infection. Int J Med Microbiol, 2006, 296, 133-139.
35. Yarwood, J.M., and Schlievert, P.M. Quorum sensing in Staphylococcus infections. J Clin Invest, 2003, 112, 1620-1625.
36. Dunman, P.M., Murphy, E., Haney, S., Palacios, D., Tucker-Kellogg, G., Wu, S., Brown, E.L., Zagursky, R.J., Shlaes, D., and Projan, S.J. Transcription profiling-based identification of Staphylococcus aureus genes regulated by the agr and/or sarA loci. J Bacteriol 2001, 183, 7341-7353.
37. Beenken, K.E., Dunman, P.M., McAleese, F., Macapagal, D., Murphy, E., Projan, S.J., Blevins, J.S., and Smeltzer, M.S. Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Bacteriol 2004, 186, 4665-4684.
38. Korem, M., Gov, Y, Kiran, M.D., and Balaban N. Transcriptional profiling of target of RNAIII-activating protein, a master regulator of staphylococcal virulence. Infect Immun, 2005, 73, 6220-6228.
39. Otto, M. Quorum-sensing control in Staphylococci - a target for antimicrobial drug therapy? FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2004, 241, 135-141.
40. Antunes, L.C., & Ferreira, R.B. Intercellular communication in bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2009, 35, 69-80.
41. Njoroge, J., & Sperandio, V. Jamming bacterial communication: New approaches for the treatment of infectious diseases. EMBO Mol Med, 2009, 1, 201-210.
42. Kiran, M.D., Adikesavan N. V., Cirioni, O., Giacometti, A., Silvestri, C, Scalise, G., Ghiselli, R., Saba, V., Orlando, F., Shoham, M., and Balaban, N. Discovery of a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcal Infections by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Molecular Pharmacology, 2008, 73(5), 1578-1586.
43. Xiong, Y.Q., Bayer, A.S., Yeaman, M.R., Van, W.W., Manna, A.C., and Cheung, A.L. Impacts of sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman on fibronectinbinding protein A gene expression and fibronectin adherence capacity in vitro and in experimental infective endocarditis. Infect Immun, 2004, 72, 1832-1836.
44. Heyer, G., Saba, S., Adamo, R., Rush, W., Soong, G., Cheung, A., and Prince, A. Staphylococcus aureus agr and sarA functions are required for invasive infection but not inflammatory responses in the lung. Infect Immun 2002, 70, 127-133.
45. Gov, Y., Bitler, A., Dell'Acqua, G., Torres, J.V., and Balaban N. RNAIII inhibiting peptide (RIP), a global inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis: structure and function analysis. Peptides, 2001, 22, 1609-1620.
46. Park, J., Jagasia, R., Kaufmann G.F., Mathison, J.C., Ruiz, D.I., Moss, J.A., Meijler, MM., Ulevitch, R.J., and Janda, K.D. Infection control by antibody disruption of bacterial quorum sensing signaling. Chem Biol, 2007, 14, 1119-1127.
47. Balaban, N., Collins, L.V., Cullor, J.S., Hume, E.B., Medina-Acosta, E., Vieira da Motta, O., O'Callaghan, R., Rossitto, P.V., Shirtliff, M.E., Serafim da Silveira, L., et al. Prevention of diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus using the peptide RIP. Peptides 2000, 21, 1301-1311.
48. Balaban, N, Stoodley, P., Fux, C.A., Wilson, S., Costerton, J.W., and Dell'Acqua, G. Prevention of staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections by the quorum sensing inhibitor RIP. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2005, 437, 48-54.
49. Balaban, N., Cirioni, O., Giacometti, A., Ghiselli, R., Braunstein, J., Silvestri, C., Mocchegiani, F., Saba, V., and Scalise, G. Treatment of Staphylococ-cus aureus biofilm infection by the quorum sensing inhibitor RIP. Antimi-crob Agents Chemother, 2007, 51, 2226-2229.
50. Cirioni, O., Giacometti, A., Ghiselli, R., Dell'Acqua, G., Gov, Y., Kamysz, W., Lukasiak J., Mocchegiani, F., Orlando, F., D'Amato, G. et al. Prophylactic efficacy of topical temporin A and RNAIII-inhibiting peptide in a subcutaneous rat pouch model of graft infection attributable to Staphylococci with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides. Circulation, 2003, 108, 767-771.
51. Cirioni, O., Giacometti, A., Ghiselli, R., Dell'Acqua, G., Orlando, F., Mocchegiani, F., Silvestri, C., Licci, A., Saba, V., Scalise, G. et al. RNAIII-inhibiting peptide significantly reduces bacterial load and enhances the effect of antibiotics in the treatment of central venous catheter-associated Staphylo-coccus aureus infections. J Infect Dis, 2006, 193, 180-186.
52. Giacometti, A, Cirioni, O., Gov, Y., Ghiselli, R., Del Prete, M.S., Mocchegiani, F., Saba, V., Orlando, F., Scalise, G., Balaban, N. et al. RNA III inhibiting peptide inhibits in vivo biofilm formation by drug-resistant Staphylo-coccus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2003, 47, 1979-1983.
53. Giacometti, A., Cirioni, O., Ghiselli, R., Dell'Acqua, G., Orlando, F., D'Amato, G., Mocchegiani, F., Silvestri, C., Del Prete, M.S., Rocchi, M. et al. RNAIII-inhibiting peptide improves efficacy of clinically used antibiotics in a murine model of staphylococcal sepsis. Peptides 2005, 26,169-175.
54. Dell'Acqua G, Giacometti A, Cirioni O, Ghiselli R, Saba V, Scalise G, and Balaban N. Suppression of drug resistant staphylococcal infections by the quorum sensing inhibitor RIP. J Infect Dis, 2004, 190, 318-320.
55. Ghiselli, R., Giacometti, A., Cirioni, O., Dell'Acqua, G., Mocchegiani, F., Orlando, F., D'Amato, G., Rocchi, M., Scalise, G., and Saba, V. RNAIII-inhibiting peptide and/or nisin inhibit experimental vascular graft infection with methicillinsusceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epider-midis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2004, 27,603-607.
56. Ghiselli, R., Giacometti, A., Cirioni, O., Dell'Acqua, G., Bergnach, C., Orlando, F., Mocchegiani, F., Silvestri, C., Skerlavaj, B., Licci, A., et al. RNAIII-inhibiting peptide in combination with the cathelicidin BMAP-28 reduces lethality in mouse models of staphylococcal sepsis. Shock, 2006, 26, 296-301.
57. Sheetal, R., De Vizio, D., Odell, M., Clements, M., Vanhulle, S., and Keshavarz, T. Microbial quorum sensing: a tool or a target for antimicrobial therapy? Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 2009, 54, 65-84.
58. Cirioni, O., Ghiselli, R., Minardi, D., Orlando, F., Mocchegiani, F., Silvestri, C., Muzzonigro, G., Saba, V., Scalise, G. RNAIII-inhibiting peptide affects biofilm formation in a rat model of staphylococcal ureteral stent infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2007, 51, 4518-4520.
59. Kiran, M.D., Adikesavan, N.V., Cirioni, O., Giacometti, A., Silvestri, C., Scalise, G., Ghiselli, R., Saba, V., Orlando, F., Shoham, M., and Balaban N. Discovery of a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcal Infections by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Molecular Pharmacology, 2008, 73(5).
60. Brackman, G., Cos, P., Maes, L., Nelis, H.J., and Coenye, T. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Increase the Susceptibility of Bacterial Biofilms to Antibiotics In Vitro and In Vivo. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2011, 55(6), 2655-2661.
61. Al-Hussaini, R., Mahasneh, A.M. Microbial growth and quorum sensing antagonist activities of herbal plants extracts. Molecules. 2009, 14(9):3425-35.
62. Ellouze, I., Abderrabba, M., Sabaou, N., Mathieu, F., Lebrihi, A. Jalloul Bouajila. Season's Variation Impact on Citrus aurantium Leaves Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities. Journal of Food Science DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02846.x
63. Cushnie, T.P.T. Lamb, A.J. Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2011, 38(2) 99-107.
64. Alkuraishy, H.M. Evaluation the Antibacterial Activity Of Aniseed: In Vitro Study. http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3450.
65. Marinas, I., Grumezescu, A. M., Saviuc, C., Chifiriuc, C., Mihaiescu, D., Lazar, V. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil as antibiotic potentiator agains Staphylococcus aureus, Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2012, 2(1), 271-276.
66. González-Lamothe R., Mitchell G., Gattuso M., Diarra M. S., Malouin F., Bouarab K., Plant Antimicrobial Agents and Their Effects on Plant and Human Pathogens, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2009, 10, 3400-3419.
67. Saviuc, C., Grumezescu, A. M., Holban, A., Bleotu, C., Chifiriuc, C., Balaure, P., Lazar, V. Phenotypical studies of raw and nanosystem embedded Eugenia carryophyllata buds essential oil antibacterial activity on Pseudo-monas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains, Biointerface Res. in App. Chem., 2011, 1(3), 111-118.
68. Cassandra L. Quave, Lisa R.W. Plano, and Bradley C. Bennett. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors for Staphylococcus aureus from Italian Medicinal Plants. Planta Med. 2011, 77(2): 188-195.
69. Wright, J.S., Jin, R., Novick, R.P. Transient interference with staphylococcal quorum sensing blocks abscess formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 1691-1696.
70. Otto, M. Quorum-sensing control in Staphylococci - a target for antimicrobial drug therapy? FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2004, 241, 135-141.
71. Dunman, P.M., Murphy, E., Haney, S., Palacios, D., Tucker-Kellogg, G., Wu, S., Brown, E.L., Zagursky, R.J., Shlaes, D., Projan, S.J. Transcription profiling-based identification of Staphylococcus aureus genes regulated by the agr and/or sarA loci. J Bacteriol 2001, 183, 7341-7353.
72. Harraghy, N, Kerdudou, S., Herrmann, M. Quorum-sensing systems in staphylococci as therapeutic targets. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2007, 387, 437-444.
73. Chifiriuc, M.C., Bleotu, C, Pelinescu, D.R., Lazar, V., Ditu, L.M., Vassu, T., Stoica, I, Dracea, O., Avram, I, and Sasarman, E. Patterns of colonization and immune response elicited from interactions between enteropathogenic bacteria, epithelial cells and probiotic fractions. International Journal for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research, 2010, 1(4), 47-57.
74. Iordache, F., Iordache, C, Chifiriuc, M.C., Bleotu, C, Smarandache, D., Sasarman, E., Lazar, V., Bucur, M., Dracea, O., Larion, C, Cotar, A., Lix-andru, M. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of some probiotic fractions with potential clinical application. Archiva Zootechnica, 2008, 11(3), 41-51.
75. Charlier C, Cretenet, M., Even, S., Le Loir, Y. Interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and lactic acid bacteria: An old story with new perspectives. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2009, 131, 30-39
76. Lia, J., Wangb, W., Xua, S.X., Magarveyb, N.A., and McCormick, J.K. Lactobacillus reuteri-produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci. PNAS, 2011, 108(8), 3360-3365
77. Schlievert P.M., Blomster, D. Production of staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C: Influence of physical and chemical factors. J Infect Dis, 1983, 147, 236-242.
78. Chifiriuc, M.C., Ditu, M.L., Banu, O., Bleotu, C, Dracea, O., Bucur, M., Larion, C, Israil, A.M., Lazar, V. Subinhibitory concentrations of phenyl lactic acid interfere with the expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol, 2009, 68 (1), 27-33.
79. Smarandache, D., Lazar, V., Balotescu, M.C., Vassu, T., Ghindea, R., Sasarman, E., Petrache, L.M., Orasanu, M., Cernat, R. Characterization of adhesion properties to the cellular substratum of some Enterococcus strains selected for potential use in probiotic products or food products. Roum. Bio-techLett, 2004, 9(3): 1669-1674.
80. Lazar, V., Balotescu, M.C., Smarandache, D., Vassu, T., Sasarman, E., Petrache, L.M., Orasanu, M., Cernat, R. In vitro study of the interference of some Enterococcus strains with the adhesion of human and poultry enteropa-thogens to HeLa cells. Roum. BiotechLett., 2004, 9(3), 1675-1681.
81. Laughton, J.M., Devillard, E., Heinrichs, D.E., Reid, G., McCormick, J.K. Inhibition of expression of a staphylococcal superantigen-like protein by a soluble factor from Lactobacillus reuteri. Microbiology, 2006, 152, 1155-1167.
82. Lia, J., Wangb, W., Xua, S.X., Magarveyb, N.A., and McCormick, J.K. Lactobacillus reuteri-produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci. PNAS, 2011, 108(8), 3360-3365.
83. Banu, O., Bleotu, C, Chifiriuc, M.C., Savu, B., Stanciu, G., Antal, C, Alexandrescu, M., Lazar, V. Virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains involved in the etiology of cardiovascular infections. Biointerface Res. in App. Chem., 2011, 1(2), 072-077.
84. Francois, P., Koessler, T., Huyghe, A., Harbarth, S., Bento, M., Lew, D., Etienne, J., Pittet, D. and Schrenzel, J.Rapid Staphylococcus aureus agr Type Determination by a Novel Multiplex Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2006, 44 (5), 1892-1895.
85. Matsuda, K., Tsuji, H., Asahara, T., Kado, Y., and Nomoto, K. Sensitive Quantitative Detection of Commensal Bacteria by rRNA-Targeted Reverse Transcription-PCR. Applied And Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 73(1), 32-39.
86. Eleaume, H, Jabbouri, S. Comparison of two standardisation methods in real-time quantitative RT-PCR to follow Staphylococcus aureus genes expression during in vitro growth. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2004, 59, 363-370.
87. Jarraud, S., Lyon, G.J., Figueiredo, A.M., Lina, G., Vandenesch, F., Etienne, J., Muir, T.W., Novick, R.P. Exfoliatin-producing strains define a fourth agr specificity group in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol., 2000, 182, 6517-6522.