Whites' perceptions of discrimination against Blacks: The influence of common identity

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 833-841

  Banfield, Jillian C ^a   Dovidio, John F ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Common identity; Discrimination; Dual identity; Protest; Social categorization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84878986710     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: 10960465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.04.008     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aron A., McLaughlin-Volpe T., Mashek D., Lewandowski G., Wright S.C., Aron E.N. Including others in the self. European review of social psychology 2005, Vol. 15:101-132. Psychology Press, Hove, E. Sussex, U.K. W. Stroebe, M. Hewstone (Eds.).
2. Branscombe N.R., Ellemers N., Spears R., Doosje B. The context and content of social identity threat. Social identity 1999, 35-58. Blackwell, Oxford, England. N. Ellemers, R. Spears, B. Doosje (Eds.).
3. Brigham J.C. College students' racial attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1993, 23:1933-1967. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01074.x.
4. Davies P.G., Steele C.M., Markus H.R. A nation challenged: The impact of foreign threat on America's tolerance for diversity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95:308-318. 10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.308.
5. Devos T., Banaji M.R. American=White?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2005, 88:447-466. 10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.447.
6. Dixon J.A., Durrheim K., Tredoux C. Beyond the optimal strategy: A "reality check" for the contact hypothesis. American Psychologist 2005, 60:697-711. 10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.697.
7. Dixon J.A., Durrheim K., Tredoux C. Intergroup contact and attitudes toward the principle and practice of racial equality. Psychological Science 2007, 18:867-872. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01993.x.
8. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L. Affirmative action, unintentional racial biases, and intergroup relations. Journal of Social Issues 1996, 52:51-75. 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1996.tb01848.x.
9. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L. Aversive racism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 2004, 36:1-52. 10.1016/S0065-2601(04)36001-6.
10. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L. Intergroup bias. Handbook of social psychology 2010, Vol. 2:1084-1121. Wiley, New York. 5th ed. S.T. Fiske, D. Gilbert, G. Lindzey (Eds.).
11. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L., Kawakami K. Racism. Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination 2010, 312-327. Sage, London. J.F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick, V.M. Esses (Eds.).
12. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L., Saguy T. Another view of "we": Majority and minority group perspectives on a common ingroup identity. European Review of Social Psychology 2008, 18:296-330. 10.1080/10463280701726132.
13. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L., Saguy T. Commonality and the complexity of "we": Social attitudes and social change. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2009, 13:3-20. 10.1177/1088868308326751.
14. Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L., Validzic A., Matoka K., Johnson B., Frazier S. Extending the benefits of recategorization: Evaluations, self-disclosure, and helping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1997, 33:401-420. 10.1006/jesp.1997.1327.
15. Dovidio J.F., ten Vergert M., Stewart T.L., Gaertner S.L., Johnson J.D., Esses V.M., et al. Perspective and prejudice: Antecedents and mediating mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2004, 30:1537-1549. 10.1177/0146167204271177.
16. Eibach R.P., Ehrlinger J. "Keep your eyes on the prize": Reference points and racial differences in assessing progress toward equality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 32:66-77. 10.1177/0146167205279585.
17. Ellemers N., Barreto M. Collective action in modern times: How modern expressions of prejudice prevent collective action. Journal of Social Issues 2009, 65:749-768. 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01621.x.
18. Fiske S.T. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Handbook of social psychology 1998, Vol. 2:357-411. McGraw-Hill, New York. 4th ed.
19. Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F. Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model 2000, Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, PA.
20. Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F. A common ingroup identity: A categorization-based approach for reducing intergroup bias. Handbook of prejudice, discrimination, and racism 2009, 489-506. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, PA. T. Nelson (Ed.).
21. Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F. Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Handbook of theories of social psychology 2012, Vol. 2:439-457. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
22. Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F., Bachman B. Revisiting the contact hypothesis: The induction of a common ingroup identity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 1996, 20:271-290. 10.1016/0147-1767(96)00019-3.
23. Glasford D.E., Dovidio J.F. E pluribus unum: Dual identity and minority groups' motivation to engage in contact, as well as social change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2011, 47:1021-1024. 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.021.
24. Guerra R., Rebelo M., Monteiro M.B., Riek B.M., Mania E.W., Gaertner S.L., et al. How should intergroup contact be structured to reduce bias among majority and minority group children?. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2010, 13:445-460. 10.1177/1368430209355651.
25. Hehman E., Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F., Mania E.W., Guerra R., Wilson D.C., et al. Group status drives majority and minority integration preferences. Psychological Science 2012, 23:46-52. 10.1177/0956797611423547.
26. Henry P.J., Sears D.O. The symbolic racism 2000 scale. Political Psychology 2002, 23:253-283. 10.1111/0162-895X.00281.
27. Hogg M.A. Human groups, social categories, and collective self: Social identity and the management of self-uncertainty. Handbook of the uncertain self 2010, 401-420. Psychology Press, New York. R. Arkin, K.C. Oleson, P.J. Carroll (Eds.).
28. Hogg M.A., Terry D.J. Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. The Academy of Management Review 2000, 25:121-140.
29. Huo Y.J. Procedural justice and social regulation across group boundaries: Does subgroup identity undermine relationship-based governance?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:336-348. 10.1177/0146167202250222.
30. Jones J.M., Engelman S., Turner C.E., Campbell S. Worlds apart: The universality of racism leads to divergent social realities. Intergroup misunderstandings: Impact of divergent social realities 2009, 117-134. Psychology Press, New York. S. Demoulin, J.-P. Leyens, J.F. Dovidio (Eds.).
31. Jost J.T., Banaji M.R., Nosek B.A. A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology 2004, 25:881-919. 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x.
32. McConahay J.B., Hardee B.B., Batts V. Has racism declined in America? It depends on who is asking and what is asked. Journal of Conflict Resolution 1981, 25:563-579. 10.1177/002200278102500401.
33. Morin R., Deane C. Poll: Strong backing for Bush, war: Few Americans see easy end to conflict 2002, March 11, A01. The Washington Post.
34. Muller D., Judd C.M., Yzerbyt V.Y. When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2005, 89:852-863. 10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.852.
35. Napier, J.L. (2013). Is status destined or deserved? The divergent merit criteria used to legitimize inequality stemming from overt versus ambiguous bias. Unpublished manuscript.
36. Nier J.A., Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F., Banker B.S., Ward C.M. Changing interracial evaluations and behaviour: The effects of a common group identity. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2001, 4:299-316. 10.1177/1368430201004004001.
37. Park B., Rothbart M. Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization: Memory for the subordinate attributes of in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1982, 42:1051.
38. Piliavin J.A., Dovidio J.F., Gaertner S.L., Clark R.D. Emergency intervention 1981, Academic Press, New York.
39. Ryan C.S., Hunt J.S., Weible J.A., Peterson C.R., Casas J.F. Multicultural and colorblind ideology, stereotypes, and ethnocentrism among Black and White Americans. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2007, 10:617-637. 10.1177/1368430207084105.
40. Saguy T., Chernyak-Hai L. Intergroup contact can undermine disadvantaged group members' attributions to discrimination. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2012, 48:714-720. 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.01.003.
41. Saguy T., Dovidio J.F., Pratto F. Beyond contact: Intergroup contact in the context of power relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2008, 43:432-445. 10.1177/0146167207311200.
42. Saguy T., Tausch N., Dovidio J.F., Pratto F. The irony of harmony: Intergroup contact can produce false expectations for equality. Psychological Science 2009, 20:114-121. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02261.x.
43. Saguy T., Tausch N., Dovidio J.F., Pratto F., Singh P. Tension and harmony in intergroup relations. Understanding and reducing aggression, violence, and their consequences 2011, 333-348. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. P.R. Shaver, M. Mikulincer (Eds.).
44. Salvatore J., Shelton J.N. Cognitive costs of exposure to racial prejudice. Psychological Science 2007, 18:810-815. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01984.x.
45. Sidanius J., Pratto F. Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression 1999, Cambridge University Press, New York.
46. Simon B., Reichert F., Grabow O. When dual identity becomes a liability: Identity and political radicalism among migrants. Psychological Science 2013, 24:251-257. 10.1177/0956797612450889.
47. Smith E.R., Henry S. An ingroup becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1996, 22:635-642. 10.1177/0146167296226008.
48. Tyler T.R. Managing conflicts of interest within organizations: Does activating social values change the impact of self-interest on behavior?. Conflicts of interest: Challenges and solutions in business, law, medicine, and public policy 2005, 13-35. Cambridge University Press, New York. D.A. Moore, D.M. Cain, G. Loewenstein, M.H. Bazerman (Eds.).
49. Tyler T., Blader S.L. The group engagement model: Procedural justice, social identity, and cooperative behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2003, 7:349-361. 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_07.
50. Van Bavel J.J., Packer D.J., Cunningham W.A. The neural substrates of in-group bias: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Psychological Science 2008, 19:1131-1139. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02214.x.
51. van Zomeren M., Postmes T., Spears R. Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three sociopsychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin 2008, 134:504-535. 10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504.
52. Verkuyten M. Multicultural recognition and ethnic minority rights: A social identity perspective. European Review of Social Psychology 2006, Vol.17:148-184. Wiley, London. 10.1080/10463280600937418. W. Stroebe, M. Hewstone (Eds.).
53. Wohl M.J., Hornsey M.J., Bennett S.H. Why group apologies succeed and fail: Intergroup forgiveness and the role of primary and secondary emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2012, 102:306-322. 10.1037/a0024838.
54. Wright S.C., Lubensky M. The struggle for social equality: Collective action vs. prejudice reduction. Intergroup misunderstandings: Impact of divergent social realities 2009, 291-310. Psychology Press, New York. S. Demoulin, J.P. Leyens, J.F. Dovidio (Eds.).