On the origin of Cetartiodactyla: Comparison of data on evolutionary morphology and Molecular biology

Paleontological Journal

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 321-334

  Vislobokova, I A ^a  

^a PALEONTOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Artiodactyla; Cetacea; Cetartiodactyla; early evolution; origin; phylogeny

Indexed keywords

ARTIODACTYLA; CETACEA; CETARTIODACTYLA; EUTHERIA; HIPPOPOTAMIDAE; RUMINANTIA; SUIFORMES; TYLOPODA;

EID: 84878792603     PISSN: 00310301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1134/S003103011303012X     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Agnarsson, I. and May-Collado, L. J., The Phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The Importance of Dense Taxon Sampling, Missing Data, and the Remarkable Promise of Cytochrome b to Provide Reliable Species-Level Phylogenies, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2008, vol. 48, pp. 964-985.
2. Arnason, U., Gullberg, A., Gretasdottir, S., et al., The Mitochondrial Genome of the Sperm Whale and a New Molecular Reference for Estimating Eutherian Divergence Dates, J. Mol. Evol., 2000, vol. 50, pp. 569-578.
3. Arnason, U., Gullberg, A., and Janke, A., Mitogenic Analyses Provide New Insights into Cetacean Origin and Evolution, Gene, 2004, vol. 333, pp. 27-34.
4. Averianov, A. O., Artiodactyla from the Early Eocene of Kyrgyzstan, Palaeovertebrata, 1996, vol. 25, nos. 2-4, pp. 359-369.
5. Averianov, A. O. and Erfurt, J., Artiodactyla from the Early Eocene of Southern Kazakhstan, Hall. Jahrb. Geowiss., 1996, vol. 18, pp. 171-178.
6. Bajpai, S. and Gingerich, P. D., A New Eocene Archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the Time of the Origin of Whales, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998, vol. 95, pp. 15464-15468.
7. Bajpai, S., Thewissen, J. G. M., and Sahni, A., The Origin and Early Evolution of Whales: Macroevolution Documented on the Indian Subcontinent, J. Biosci., 2009, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 673-686.
8. Behrensmeyer, A. K., Deino, A. L., Hill, A., et al., Geology and Geochronology of the Middle Miocene Kipsaramon Site Complex, Muruyur Beds, Tugen Hills, Kenya, J. Human. Evol., 2002, vol. 42, pp. 11-38.
9. Boisserie, J. R., Lihoreau, F., and Brunet, M., The Position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005a, vol. 102, pp. 1537-1541.
10. Boisserie, J. R., Lihoreau, F., and Brunet, M., Origins of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla): Towards Resolution, Zool. Scripta, 2005b, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 119-143.
11. Boisserie, J. R., Lihoreau, F., Orliac, M., et al., Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Earliest Known Hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae, Kenyapotaminae), Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London, 2010, vol. 158, pp. 325-366.
12. Colbert, E. H., The Phylogeny of Indian Suidae and the Origin of the Hippopotamidae, Am. Mus. Novit., 1935, no. 799, pp. 1-24.
13. Gatesy, J., Molecular Evidence for the Phylogenetic Affinities of Cetacea, in The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea, New York: Plenum Press, 1998, pp. 63-112.
14. Gatesy, J., Hayashi, C., Cronin, M. A., and Arctander, P., Evidence from Milk Casein Genes That Cetaceans Are Close Relatives of Hippopotamid Artiodactyls, Mol. Biol. Evol., 1996, vol. 13, pp. 954-963.
15. Gatesy, J., Matthee, C., DeSalle, R., and Hayashi, C., Resolution of a Supertree/Supermatrix Paradox, Syst. Biol., 2002, vol. 51, pp. 652-664.
16. Gatesy, J., Milinkovitch, M., Waddell, V., and Stanhope, M., Stability of Cladistic Relationships between Cetacea and Higher-level Artiodactyls Taxa, Syst. Biol., 1999, vol. 48, pp. 6-20.
17. Gatesy, J. and O'Leary, M. A., Deciphering Whale Origins with Molecules and Fossils, Tr. Ecol. Evol., 2001, vol. 16, pp. 562-570.
18. Geisler, J. H., New Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Artiodactyla, Cetacea, and Mesonychidae, Am. Mus. Novit., 2001a, no. 3344, pp. 1-53.
19. Geisler, J. H., Possible Resolution to the Conflict between Molecular and Morphological Evidence for the Phylogeny of Artiodactyla, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 2001b, vol. 21, p. 53.
20. Geisler, J. H. and Theodor, J. M., Hippopotamus and Whale Phylogeny, Nature, 2009, vol. 458, pp. E1-E5.
21. Geisler, J. H., Theodor, J. M., Uhen, M. D., and Foss, S. E., Phylogenetic Relationships of Cetaceans to Terrestrial Artiodactyls, in The Evolution of Artiodactyls, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2007, pp. 19-31.
22. Geisler, J. H. and Uhen, M. D., Morphological Support for a Close Relationship between Hippos and Whales, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 2003, vol. 23, pp. 991-996.
23. Geisler, J. H. and Uhen, M. D., Phylogenetic Relationships of Extinct Cetartiodactyla: Results of Simultaneous Analyses of Molecular, Morphological, and Stratigraphic Data, J. Mammal. Evol., 2005, vol. 12, nos. 1/2, pp. 145-160.
24. Gentry, A. W. and Hooker, J. J., The Phylogeny of the Artiodactyla, in The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, vol. 2: Mammals, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988, pp. 235-272.
25. Gingerich, P. D. and Russel, D. E., Dentition of Early Eocene Pakicetus (Mammalia, Cetacea), Contrib. Mus. Paleontol. Univ. Michigan, 1981, vol. 28, pp. 1-20.
26. Gingerich, P. D., Russel, D. E., and Shah, S. M., Origin of Whales in Epicontinental Remnant Seas: New Evidence from the Early Eocene of Pakistan, Science, 1983, vol. 220, pp. 403-406.
27. Gingerich, P. D., Smith, B. H., and Simons, E. L., Hind Limb of Eocene Basilosaurus isis: Evidence of Feet in Whales, Science, 1990, vol. 249, pp. 154-157.
28. Gingerich, P. D., Ul-Haq, M., and Koenigswald, W. V., von, et al., New Protocetid Whale from the Middle Eocene of Pakistan: Birth on Land, Precocial Development, and Sexual Dimorphism, PLOS One, 2009, vol. 4, no. 2 (e4366), pp. 1-20.
29. Gingerich, P. D., Ul-Haq, M., Zalmout, I. S., et al., Origin of Whales from Early Artiodactyls: Hands and Feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan, Science, 2001, vol. 293, no. 5538, pp. 2239-2242.
30. Hassanin, A., Delsuc, F., Ropiquet, A., et al., Pattern and Timing of Diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), As Revealed by a Comprehensive Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes, CR Biol., 2012, vol. 335, pp. 32-52.
31. Hedges, S. B., Parker, P. H., Sibley, C. G., and Kumar, S., Continental Breakup and the Ordinal Diversification of Birds and Mammals, Nature, 1996, vol. 381, pp. 226-229.
32. Irwin, D. M. and Arnason, U., Cytochrome B Gene of Marine Mammals: Phylogeny and Evolution, J. Mammal. Evol., 1994, vol. 2, pp. 37-55.
33. Janis, C. M., Archibald, J. D., Cifelli, R. I., et al., Archaic Ungulates and Ungulate-like Mammals, in Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998, pp. 247-259.
34. Kondrashov, P. E., Lopatin, A. V., and Lucas, S. G., The Oldest Known Asian Artiodactyl (Mammalia), New Mexico Mus. Natur. Hist. Sci. Bull., 2004, no. 26, pp. 205-208.
35. Kowalevsky, W. O., Monographie der Gattung Anthracotherium Cuv. und Versuch einer naturlichen Klassification der fossilen Huftiere, Palaeontographica, 1873-1874, vol. 22, pp. 131-346.
36. Kowalevsky, W. O., Osteologie of Two Fossil Ungulate Species from Entelodon and Gelocus Aymardi, Proc. Soc. Natur. Anthrop. Ethnogr., 1875, vol. 16, pp. 1-59.
37. Kumar, K. and Jolly, A., Earliest Artiodactyl (Diacodexis, Dichobunidae: Mammalia) from the Eocene of Kalakot, North-Western Himalayas, India, Bull. Ind. Soc. Geosci., 1986, vol. 2, pp. 20-30.
38. Kumar, S. and Hedges, S. B., A Molecular Timescale for Vertebrate Evolution, Nature, 1998, vol. 392, pp. 917-920.
39. Lihoreau, F. and Ducrocq, S., Family Anthracotheriidae, in The Evolution of Artiodactyls, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2007, pp. 89-105.
40. Luo, Z., Homology and Transformation of Cetacean Ecotympanic Structure, in The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea, New York: Plenum Press, 1998, pp. 269-301.
41. Luo, Z., In Search of Whales Sisters, Nature, 2000, vol. 404, pp. 235-237.
42. Luo, Z. and Gingerich, P. D., Terrestrial Mesonychia to Aquatic Cetacea: Transformation of the Basicranium and Evolution of Hearing in Whales, Univ. Michigan Pap. Paleontol., 1999, no. 31, pp. 1-98.
43. Madar, S. I., The Postcranial Skeleton of Pakicetid Cetaceans, J. Paleontol., 2007, vol. 81, pp. 176-200.
44. Marcot, D., Molecular Phylogeny of Terrestrial Artiodactyls: Conflicts and Resolution, in The Evolution of Artiodactyls, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2007, pp. 4-18.
45. Matthee, C. A., Burzlaff, J. D., Taylor, J. F., and Davis, S. K., Mining the Mammalian Genome for Artiodactyl Systematics, Syst. Biol., 2001, vol. 50, pp. 367-390.
46. Matthew, W. D., Reclassification of the Artiodactyl Families, Bull. Geol. Soc., 1929, vol. 49, pp. 403-408.
47. Matthew, W. D., A Phylogenetic Chart of the Artiodactyla, J. Mammal., 1934, vol. 15, pp. 207-209.
48. McGowen, M. R., Spaulding, M., and Gatesy, J., Divergence Date Estimation and a Comprehensive Molecular Tree of Extant Cetaceans, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2009, vol. 53, pp. 891-906.
49. McKenna, M. C. and Bell, S. K., Classification of Mammals above the Species Level, New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1997.
50. Metais, G., Qi, T., Guo, J., and Beard, C. K., A New Small Dichobunid Artiodactyl from Shunghuang (Middle Eocene, Eastern China): Implications for the Early Evolution of Proto-Selenodonts in Asia, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Natur. Hist., 2004, no. 36, pp. 177-197.
51. Metais, G., Qi, T., Guo, J., and Beard, C. K., Middle-Eocene Artiodactyl from Shunghuang (Jiangsu Province, Coastal China) and the Diversity of Basal Dichobunoids in Asia, Naturwissenschaften, 2008, vol. 95, pp. 1121-1135.
52. Milinkovitch, M. C., Bérubé, M., and Palsbo, P. J., Cetaceans Are Highly Derived Artiodactyls, in The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea, New York: Plenum Press, 1998, pp. 113-131.
53. Milinkovitch, M. C., Orth, G., and Meyer, A., Revised Phylogeny of Whales Suggested by Mitochondrial Ribosomal DNA Sequences, Nature, 1993, vol. 361, pp. 346-348.
54. Montgelard, C., Catzeflis, F. M., and Douzery, E., Phylogenetic Relationships of Artiodactyls and Cetaceans As Deduced from the Comparison of Cytochrome B and 12S rRNA Mitochondrial Sequences, Mol. Biol. Evol., 1997, vol. 14, pp. 550-559.
55. Muizon, C., de. Origin and Evolutionary History of Cetaceans, CR Palevol., 2009, vol. 8, pp. 295-309.
56. Murphy, W. J., Eizirik, E., Johnson, W. E., et al., Molecular Phylogenetics and the Origins of Placental Mammals, Nature, 2001, vol. 409, pp. 614-618.
57. Naylor, G. J. P. and Adams, D. C., Are the Fossil Data Really at Odds with the Molecular Data? Morphological Evidence for Cetartiodactyla Phylogeny Reexamined, Syst. Biol., 2001, vol. 50, pp. 444-453.
58. Nikaido, M., Rooney, A. P., and Okada, N., Phylogenetic Relationships among Cetartiodactyls Based on Insertions of Short and Long Interspersed Elements: Hippopotamuses Are the Closest Extant Relatives of Whales, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, vol. 96, pp. 10261-10266.
59. Novacek, M. J., The Skull of Lepticid Insectivorans and the Higher-Level Classification of Eutherian Mammals, Bull. Am. Mus. Natur. Hist., 1986, vol. 183, pp. 1-112.
60. Novacek, M. J., Mammalian Phylogeny: Shaking the Tree, Nature, 1992, vol. 356, pp. 121-125.
61. Numella, S., Hussain, S. T., and Thewissen, J. G. M., Cranial Anatomy of Pakicetidae, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 2006, vol. 26, pp. 746-759.
62. O'Leary, M., Phylogenetic and Morphometric Reassessment of the Dental Evidence for a Mesonychian and Cetacean Clade, in The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea, New York: Plenum Press, 1998, pp. 133-161.
63. O'Leary, M., Parsimony Analysis of Total Evidence from Extinct and Extant Taxa of the Cetacean-Artiodactyl Question (Mammalia, Ungulata), Cladistics, 1999, vol. 15, pp. 315-330.
64. O'Leary, M. and Gatesy, J., Impact of Increased Character Sampling on the Phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia): Combined Analysis Including Fossils, Cladistics, 2008, vol. 24, pp. 397-442.
65. O'Leary, M. and Geisler, J., The Position of Cetacea within Mammalia: Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Data from Extinct and Extant Taxa, Syst. Biol., 1999, vol. 48, pp. 455-490.
66. O'Leary, M. and Uhen, M. D., The Time of Origin of Whales and the Role of Behavioral Changes in the Terrestrial-Aquatic Transition, Paleobiology, 1999, vol. 25, pp. 534-556.
67. Orliac, M., Boisserie, J.-R., MacLatchy, L., and Lihoreau, F., Early Miocene Hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) Constrain the Phylogenetic and Spatiotemporal Settings of Hippopotamid Origin, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 2010, vol. 107, pp. 11871-11876.
68. Pickford, M., On the Origins of the Hippopotamidae Together with a Description of Two New Species, a New Genus and a New Subfamily from the Miocene of Kenya, Geobios, 1983, vol. 16, pp. 193-217.
69. Pickford, M., The Myth of the Hippo-like Anthracothere: The Enternal Problem of Homology and Convergence, Rev. Esp. Paleontol., 2008, vol. 23, pp. 31-90.
70. Price, S. A., Beninda-Emons, O. R. P., and Gittleman, J. L., A Complete Phylogeny of the Whales, Dolphins and Eventoed Hoofed Mammals (Cetartiodactyla), Biol. Rev., 2005, vol. 80, pp. 445-473.
71. Prothero, D. R., Ungulate Phylogeny: Molecular vs. Morphological Evidence, in Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals, New York: Springer, 1993, vol. 2, pp. 173-181.
72. Prothero, D. R. and Foss, S. E., Eds., The Evolution of Artiodactyls, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2007.
73. Prothero, D. R., Manning, E. M., and Fischer, M., The Phylogeny of the Ungulates, in The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988, vol. 2, pp. 201-234.
74. Roe, L. J., Thewissen, J. G. M., Quade, J., et al., Isotopic Approaches to Understanding the Terrestrial to Marine Transition of the Earliest Cetaceans, in The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea, New York: Plenum Press, 1998, pp. 399-422.
75. Rose, K. D., The Ancestry of Whales, Science, 2001, vol. 293, pp. 2216-2217.
76. Shimamura, M., Abe, H., Nikaido, M., et al., Genealogy of Families of SINEs in Cetaceans and Artiodactyls: The Presence of a Huge Superfamily of tRNAGlu-derived Families of SINEs, Mol. Biol. Evol., 1999, vol. 16, pp. 1046-1060.
77. Shimamura, M., Yasue, H., Ohshima, K., et al., Molecular Evidence from Retroposons That Whales Form a Clade within Even-toed Ungulates, Nature, 1997, vol. 8, pp. 666-670.
78. Simpson, G. G., The Principals of Classification and a Classification of Mammals, Bull. Am. Mus. Natur. Hist., 1945, vol. 85, pp. 1-350.
79. Spaulding, M., O'Leary, M. A., and Gatesy, J., Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution, PLoS One, 2009, vol. 4, no. 9 (e7062), pp. 1-14.
80. Theodor, J. M., Erfurt, J., and Metais, G., The Earliest Artiodactyls, in The Evolution of Artiodactyls, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2007, pp. 32-58.
81. Theodor, J. M. and Foss, S. E., Deciduous Dentitions of Eocene Cebochoerid Artiodactyls and Cetartiodactyl Relationships, J. Mammal. Evol., 2005, vol. 12, pp. 161-181.
82. Thewissen, J. G. M., Cooper, L. N., Clementz, M. T., et al., Whales Originated from Aquatic Artiodactyls in the Eocene Epoch of India, Nature, 2007, vol. 450, pp. 1190-1194.
83. Thewissen, J. G. M., Cooper, L. N., George, J. C., and Bajpai, S., From Land to Water: The Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises, Evo Edu Outreach, 2009, no. 2, pp. 272-288.
84. Thewissen, J. G. M. and Domning, D. P., The Role of Phenacodontids in the Origin of the Modern Orders of Ungulate Mammals, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 1992, vol. 12, pp. 494-504.
85. Thewissen, J. G. M. and Madar, S. I., Ankle Morphology of the Earliest Cetaceans and Its Implications for the Phylogenetic Relations among Ungulates, Syst. Biol., 1999, vol. 48, pp. 21-30.
86. Thewissen, J. G. M., Madar, S. I., and Hussain, S. T., Whale Ankles and Evolutionary Relationships, Nature, 1998, vol. 395, p. 452.
87. Thewissen, J. G. M., Williams, E. M., and Hussain, S. T., Eocene Mammal Faunas from Northern Indo-Pakistan, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 2001a, vol. 21, pp. 347-366.
88. Thewissen, J. G. M., Williams, E. M., Roe, L. J., and Hussain, S. T., Skeletons of Terrestrial Cetaceans and the Relationships of Whales and Artiodactyls, Nature, 2001b, vol. 413, pp. 277-281.
89. Todd, N. B., Chromosomal Mechanisms in the Evolution of Artiodactyls, Paleobiology, 1975, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 175-188.
90. Uhen, M. D., The Origin of Whales, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 2010, vol. 38, pp. 189-219.
91. van Valen, L., Deltatheridia, a New Order of Mammals, Bull. Am. Mus. Natur. Hist., 1966, vol. 132, pp. 1-126.
92. van Valen, L., Towards the Origin of Artiodactyla, Evolution, 1971, vol. 25, pp. 529-529.
93. Viret, J., Artiodactyla, in Traité de paléontologie, V. 6. Pt 1. Paris: Masson et Cie, 1961, vol. 6, part 1, pp. 887-1021, 1038-1084.
94. Vislobokova, I., A New Representative of the Hypertraguloidea (Tragulina, Ruminantia) from the Khoer-Dzan Locality in Mongolia, with Remarks on the Relationships of the Hypertragulidae, Am. Mus. Novit., 1998, no. 3225, pp. 1-24.
95. Vislobokova, I. A., Evolution and Classification of Tragulina (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla), Paleontol. J., 2001, vol. 35, suppl. no. 2, pp. 69-145.
96. Vislobokova, I. A. and Dmitrieva, E. L., Changes in Enamel Ultrastructure at the Early Stages of Ruminant Evolution, Paleontol. J., 2000, vol. 34, suppl. no. 2, pp. 242-249.
97. Vislobokova, I. A. and Trofimov, B. A., Archaeomeryx (Archaeomerycidae, Ruminantia): Morphology, Ecology, and Role in the Evolution of the Artiodactyla, Paleontol. J., 2002, vol. 35, suppl. no. 5, pp. 429-523.
98. Zhou, X., Xu, S., Yang, Y., et al., Phylogenomic Analyses and Improved Resolution of Cetartiodactyla, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2011, vol. 61, pp. 255-264.