메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 272-288

From Land to Water: The Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises

Author keywords

Cetacea; Dolphins; Evolution; Mammals; Porpoises; Whales

Indexed keywords


EID: 72949119177     PISSN: 19366426     EISSN: 19366434     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12052-009-0135-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (156)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0001219468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evaluation of Kuldana paleosols and implications for interpreting vertebrate fossil assemblages, Kuldana Formation, Northern Pakistan
    • Aslan A, Thewissen JGM. Preliminary evaluation of Kuldana paleosols and implications for interpreting vertebrate fossil assemblages, Kuldana Formation, Northern Pakistan. Palaeovert. 1997;25:261-77.
    • (1997) Palaeovert , vol.25 , pp. 261-277
    • Aslan, A.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2
  • 3
    • 0000222160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new, diminutive whale from Kachchh (Gujarat, India) and its implications for locomotor evolution of cetaceans
    • Bajpai S, Thewissen JGM. A new, diminutive whale from Kachchh (Gujarat, India) and its implications for locomotor evolution of cetaceans. Curr Sci (New Delhi). 2000;79:1478-82.
    • (2000) Curr Sci (New Delhi) , vol.79 , pp. 1478-1482
    • Bajpai, S.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2
  • 4
    • 33745592513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene and Oligocene sirenians (Mammalia) from Kachchh, India
    • 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[400:EAOSMF]2.0.CO;2
    • Bajpai SB, Thewissen JGM, Kapur VV, Tiwari BN, Sahni S. Eocene and Oligocene sirenians (Mammalia) from Kachchh, India. J Vert Pal. 2006;26:400-10.
    • (2006) J Vert Pal , vol.26 , pp. 400-410
    • Bajpai, S.B.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2    Kapur, V.V.3    Tiwari, B.N.4    Sahni, S.5
  • 6
    • 0002928176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of vertebral morphology for locomotor evolution in early Cetacea
    • J.G.M. Thewissen (eds) 1 Plenum New York
    • Buchholtz EA. Implications of vertebral morphology for locomotor evolution in early Cetacea. In: Thewissen JGM, editor. The emergence of whales: evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. 1st ed. New York: Plenum; 1998. p. 325-52.
    • (1998) The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea , pp. 325-352
    • Buchholtz, E.A.1
  • 7
    • 33745598164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic records from early whales and sea cows: Contrasting patterns of ecological transition
    • 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[355:IRFEWA]2.0.CO;2
    • Clementz MT, Goswami A, Gingerich PD, Koch PL. Isotopic records from early whales and sea cows: contrasting patterns of ecological transition. J Vert Pal. 2006;26:355-70.
    • (2006) J Vert Pal , vol.26 , pp. 355-370
    • Clementz, M.T.1    Goswami, A.2    Gingerich, P.D.3    Koch, P.L.4
  • 8
    • 33745969560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitions from drag-based to lift-based propulsion in mammalian swimming
    • Fish FE. Transitions from drag-based to lift-based propulsion in mammalian swimming. Am Zool. 1996;36:628-41.
    • (1996) Am Zool , vol.36 , pp. 628-641
    • Fish, F.E.1
  • 9
    • 0042165714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary history of cetaceans: A review
    • J.-M. Mazin V.D. Buffrénil (eds) 1 Verlag Friedrich Pfeil Munich
    • Fordyce E, Muizon Cd. Evolutionary history of cetaceans: a review. In: Mazin J-M, Buffrénil VD, editors. Secondary adaptation of tetrapods to life in water. 1st ed. Munich: Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; 2001. p. 169-233.
    • (2001) Secondary Adaptation of Tetrapods to Life in Water , pp. 169-233
    • Fordyce, E.1    Muizon, Cd.2
  • 10
    • 0035479566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering whale origins with molecules and fossils
    • 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02236-4
    • Gatesy J, O'Leary MA. Deciphering whale origins with molecules and fossils. Tr Ecol Evol. 2001;16:562-70.
    • (2001) Tr Ecol Evol , vol.16 , pp. 562-570
    • Gatesy, J.1    O'Leary, M.A.2
  • 11
    • 85010543224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological support for a close relationship between hippos and whales
    • 10.1671/32
    • Geisler JH, Uhen MD. Morphological support for a close relationship between hippos and whales. J Vert Pal. 2003;23:991-6.
    • (2003) J Vert Pal , vol.23 , pp. 991-996
    • Geisler, J.H.1    Uhen, M.D.2
  • 12
    • 33746237861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new protocetid whale (Cetacea, Archaeoceti) from the late middle Eocene of South Carolina
    • 10.1206/0003-0082(2005)480[0001:ANPWCA]2.0.CO;2
    • Geisler JH, Saunders AE, Luo Z-X. A new protocetid whale (Cetacea, Archaeoceti) from the late middle Eocene of South Carolina. Am Mus Nov. 2005;3480:1-65.
    • (2005) Am Mus Nov , vol.3480 , pp. 1-65
    • Geisler, J.H.1    Saunders, A.E.2    Luo, Z.-X.3
  • 13
    • 62649138850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of cetaceans to terrestrial artiodactyls
    • D.R. Prothero S.E. Foss (eds) 1 Johns Hopkins Univ Pr Baltimore
    • Geisler JH, Theodor JM, Uhen MD, Foss SE. Phylogenetic relationships of cetaceans to terrestrial artiodactyls. In: Prothero DR, Foss SE, editors. The evolution of artiodactyls. 1st ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 2007. p. 19-31.
    • (2007) The Evolution of Artiodactyls , pp. 19-31
    • Geisler, J.H.1    Theodor, J.M.2    Uhen, M.D.3    Foss, S.E.4
  • 14
    • 0025297598 scopus 로고
    • Hind limbs of Basilosaurus isis: Evidence of feet in whales
    • 10.1126/science.249.4965.154
    • Gingerich PD, Smith BH, Simons EL. Hind limbs of Basilosaurus isis: evidence of feet in whales. Science. 1990;229:154-7.
    • (1990) Science , vol.229 , pp. 154-157
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Smith, B.H.2    Simons, E.L.3
  • 15
    • 0028184406 scopus 로고
    • New whale from the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming
    • 10.1038/368844a0
    • Gingerich PD, Raza SM, Arif M, Anwar M, Zhou X. New whale from the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming. Nature. 1994;368:844-7.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 844-847
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Raza, S.M.2    Arif, M.3    Anwar, M.4    Zhou, X.5
  • 16
    • 0001099881 scopus 로고
    • Protosiren and Babiacetus (Mammalia, Sirenia and Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)
    • Gingerich PD, Arif M, Bhatti MA, Raza HA, Raza M. Protosiren and Babiacetus (Mammalia, Sirenia and Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan. 1995a;29:331-57.
    • (1995) Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan , vol.29 , pp. 331-357
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Arif, M.2    Bhatti, M.A.3    Raza, H.A.4    Raza, M.5
  • 17
    • 0000151293 scopus 로고
    • New archaeocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab, Pakistan
    • Gingerich PD, Arif M, Clyde WC. New archaeocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab, Pakistan. Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan. 1995b;29:291-330.
    • (1995) Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan , vol.29 , pp. 291-330
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Arif, M.2    Clyde, W.C.3
  • 18
    • 0001916705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, new Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a revised interpretation of ages of whale-bearing strata in the Khirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)
    • Gingerich PD, Arif M, Bhatti MA, Anwar M, Sanders WJ. Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, new Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a revised interpretation of ages of whale-bearing strata in the Khirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan. 1997;30:55-81.
    • (1997) Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan , vol.30 , pp. 55-81
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Arif, M.2    Bhatti, M.A.3    Anwar, M.4    Sanders, W.J.5
  • 19
    • 0043167645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene stratigraphy and archaeocete whales (Mammalia, Cetacea) of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman Range, Balochistan (Pakistan)
    • Gingerich PD, Ul-Haq M, Khan IH, Zalmout I. Eocene stratigraphy and archaeocete whales (Mammalia, Cetacea) of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman Range, Balochistan (Pakistan). Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan. 2001a;30:269-319.
    • (2001) Contr Mus Pal Univ Michigan , vol.30 , pp. 269-319
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Ul-Haq, M.2    Khan, I.H.3    Zalmout, I.4
  • 20
    • 0035929321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: Hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntFCrtr4%3D 11567134, 10.1126/science.1063902, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntFCrtr4%3D
    • Gingerich PD, Haq M, Zalmout IS, Khan IH, Malkani MS. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science. 2001b;293:2239-42.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 2239-2242
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Haq, M.2    Zalmout, I.S.3    Khan, I.H.4    Malkani, M.S.5
  • 21
    • 0002512667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postcranial osteology of the North American middle Eocene protocetid Georgiacetus
    • J.G.M. Thewissen (eds) 1 Plenum New York
    • Hulbert RC Jr. Postcranial osteology of the North American middle Eocene protocetid Georgiacetus. In: Thewissen JGM, editor. The emergence of whales: evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. 1st ed. New York: Plenum; 1998. p. 235-67.
    • (1998) The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea , pp. 235-267
    • Hulbert, R.C.1
  • 22
    • 0001401076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new middle Eocene protocetid whale (Mammalia: Cetacea: Archaeoceti) and associated biota from Georgia
    • Hulbert RC Jr, Petkewich RM, Bishop GA, Burky D, Aleshire DP. A new middle Eocene protocetid whale (Mammalia: Cetacea: Archaeoceti) and associated biota from Georgia. J Pal. 1998;72:905-25.
    • (1998) J Pal , vol.72 , pp. 905-925
    • Hulbert, R.C.1    Petkewich, R.M.2    Bishop, G.A.3    Burky, D.4    Aleshire, D.P.5
  • 24
    • 0000833231 scopus 로고
    • The pelvic girdle of zeuglodon, Basilosaurus cetoides (Owen), with notes on other portions of the skeleton
    • Lucas FA. The pelvic girdle of zeuglodon, Basilosaurus cetoides (Owen), with notes on other portions of the skeleton. Proc US Natl Mus. 1900;23:327-31.
    • (1990) Proc US Natl Mus , vol.23 , pp. 327-331
    • Lucas, F.A.1
  • 25
    • 0001950792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural adaptations of early archaeocete long bones
    • J.G.M. Thewissen (eds) 1 Plenum New York
    • Madar SI. Structural adaptations of early archaeocete long bones. In: Thewissen JGM, editor. The emergence of whales, evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. 1st ed. New York: Plenum; 1998. p. 353-78.
    • (1998) The Emergence of Whales, Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea , pp. 353-378
    • Madar, S.I.1
  • 26
    • 33846542648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The postcranial skeleton of pakicetid cetaceans
    • 10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[176:TPSOEE]2.0.CO;2
    • Madar SI. The postcranial skeleton of pakicetid cetaceans. J Pal. 2007;81:176-200.
    • (2007) J Pal , vol.81 , pp. 176-200
    • Madar, S.I.1
  • 27
    • 0035982874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additional holotype remains of Ambulocetus natans (Cetacea, Ambulocetidae), and their implications for locomotion in early whales
    • 10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0405:AHROAN]2.0.CO;2
    • Madar SI, Thewissen JGM, Hussain ST. Additional holotype remains of Ambulocetus natans (Cetacea, Ambulocetidae), and their implications for locomotion in early whales. J Vert Pal. 2002;22:405-22.
    • (2002) J Vert Pal , vol.22 , pp. 405-422
    • Madar, S.I.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2    Hussain, S.T.3
  • 28
    • 0033621101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interspersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFensrs%3D 10468596, 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10261, 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFensrs%3D
    • Nikaido M, Rooney AP, Okada N. Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interspersed elements: hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:10261-6.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 10261-10266
    • Nikaido, M.1    Rooney, A.P.2    Okada, N.3
  • 29
    • 4043048630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene evolution of whale hearing
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVGlsrs%3D 15306808, 10.1038/nature02720, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVGlsrs%3D
    • Nummela S, Thewissen JGM, Bajpai S, Hussain ST, Kumar K. Eocene evolution of whale hearing. Nature. 2004;430:776-8.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 776-778
    • Nummela, S.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2    Bajpai, S.3    Hussain, S.T.4    Kumar, K.5
  • 30
    • 33749435023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial anatomy of Pakicetidae (Cetacea, Mammalia)
    • 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[746:CAOPCM]2.0.CO;2
    • Nummela S, Hussain ST, Thewissen JGM. Cranial anatomy of Pakicetidae (Cetacea, Mammalia). J Vert Pal. 2006;26:746-59.
    • (2006) J Vert Pal , vol.26 , pp. 746-759
    • Nummela, S.1    Hussain, S.T.2    Thewissen, J.G.M.3
  • 31
    • 34250679840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: Anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing
    • 10.1002/ar.20528
    • Nummela S, Thewissen JGM, Bajpai S, Hussain ST, Kumar K. Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing. Anat Rec. 2007;290:716-33.
    • (2007) Anat Rec , vol.290 , pp. 716-733
    • Nummela, S.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2    Bajpai, S.3    Hussain, S.T.4    Kumar, K.5
  • 32
    • 0033493810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time of origin of whales and the role of behavioral changes in the terrestrial-aquatic transition
    • O'Leary MA, Uhen MD. The time of origin of whales and the role of behavioral changes in the terrestrial-aquatic transition. Paleobiology. 1999;25:534-56.
    • (1999) Paleobiology , vol.25 , pp. 534-556
    • O'Leary, M.A.1    Uhen, M.D.2
  • 34
    • 84872438529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative and functional anatomy of balance in aquatic mammals
    • J.G.M. Thewissen S. Nummela (eds) Univ Calif Press Berkeley
    • Spoor F, Thewissen JGM. Comparative and functional anatomy of balance in aquatic mammals. In: Thewissen JGM, Nummela S, editors. Senses on the threshold: adaptations in secondarily aquatic vertebrates. Berkeley: Univ Calif Press; 2008. p. 257-86.
    • (2008) Senses on the Threshold: Adaptations in Secondarily Aquatic Vertebrates , pp. 257-286
    • Spoor, F.1    Thewissen, J.G.M.2
  • 35
    • 0037046579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behaviour in early cetaceans
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjsVyrtL4%3D 12000957, 10.1038/417163a, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjsVyrtL4%3D
    • Spoor F, Bajpai S, Hussain ST, Kumar K, Thewissen JGM. Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behaviour in early cetaceans. Nature. 2002;417:163-6.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 163-166
    • Spoor, F.1    Bajpai, S.2    Hussain, S.T.3    Kumar, K.4    Thewissen, J.G.M.5
  • 36
    • 0012290577 scopus 로고
    • On the rudimentary hind limb of the great fin-whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in comparison with those of the humpback whale and the Greenland Right Whale
    • Struthers MD. On the rudimentary hind limb of the great fin-whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in comparison with those of the humpback whale and the Greenland Right Whale. J Anat Physiol. 1893;27:291-335.
    • (1893) J Anat Physiol , vol.27 , pp. 291-335
    • Struthers, M.D.1
  • 37
    • 0035029660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dental morphology of the Remingtonocetidae (Cetacea, Mammalia)
    • 10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0463:DMORCM>2.0.CO;2
    • Thewissen JGM, Bajpai S. Dental morphology of the Remingtonocetidae (Cetacea, Mammalia). J Pal. 2001a;75:463-5.
    • (2001) J Pal , vol.75 , pp. 463-465
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Bajpai, S.2
  • 38
    • 0035661702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whale origins as poster child for macroevolution
    • 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[1037:WOAAPC]2.0.CO;2
    • Thewissen JGM, Bajpai S. Whale origins as poster child for macroevolution. BioSci. 2001b;5:1037-49.
    • (2001) BioSci , vol.5 , pp. 1037-1049
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Bajpai, S.2
  • 39
    • 0031415956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor evolution in the earliest cetaceans: Functional model, modern analogues, and paleontological evidence
    • Thewissen JGM, Fish FE. Locomotor evolution in the earliest cetaceans: functional model, modern analogues, and paleontological evidence. Paleobiology. 1997;23:482-90.
    • (1997) Paleobiology , vol.23 , pp. 482-490
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Fish, F.E.2
  • 40
    • 0036922311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early evolution of Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)
    • 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095426
    • Thewissen JGM, Williams EM. The early evolution of Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises). Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 2002;33:73-90.
    • (2002) Ann Rev Ecol Syst , vol.33 , pp. 73-90
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Williams, E.M.2
  • 42
    • 0028182149 scopus 로고
    • Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whales
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cvlvFCjuw%3D%3D 17839179, 10.1126/science.263.5144.210
    • Thewissen JGM, Hussain ST, Arif M. Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whales. Science. 1994;263:210-2.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 210-212
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Hussain, S.T.2    Arif, M.3
  • 44
    • 0035536026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan
    • 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0347:EMFFNI]2.0.CO;2
    • Thewissen JGM, Williams EM, Hussain ST. Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan. J Vert Pal. 2001;21:347-66.
    • (2001) J Vert Pal , vol.21 , pp. 347-366
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Williams, E.M.2    Hussain, S.T.3
  • 45
    • 33744784016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental basis for hind limb loss in dolphins and the origin of the cetacean body plan
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlvFCht7s%3D 16717186, 10.1073/pnas.0602920103, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlvFCht7s%3D
    • Thewissen JGM, Cohn MJ, Stevens LS, Bajpai S, Heyning J, Horton WE Jr. Developmental basis for hind limb loss in dolphins and the origin of the cetacean body plan. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:8414-8.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 8414-8418
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Cohn, M.J.2    Stevens, L.S.3    Bajpai, S.4    Heyning, J.5    Horton, W.E.6
  • 46
    • 37548999034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVGjsL%2FE 18097400, 10.1038/nature06343, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVGjsL%2FE
    • Thewissen JGM, Cooper LN, Clementz MT, Bajpai S, Tiwari BN. Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India. Nature. 2007;450:1190-5.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , pp. 1190-1195
    • Thewissen, J.G.M.1    Cooper, L.N.2    Clementz, M.T.3    Bajpai, S.4    Tiwari, B.N.5
  • 48
    • 28844471828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Form, function, and anatomy of Dorudon atrox (Mammalia, Cetacea): An archaeocete from the middle to late Eocene of Egypt
    • Uhen MD. Form, function, and anatomy of Dorudon atrox (Mammalia, Cetacea): an archaeocete from the middle to late Eocene of Egypt. Univ Michigan Pap Pal. 2004;34:1-222.
    • (2004) Univ Michigan Pap Pal , vol.34 , pp. 1-222
    • Uhen, M.D.1
  • 49
    • 0002456832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synopsis of the earliest cetaceans: Pakicetidae, Ambulocetidae, Remingtonocetidae, and Protocetidae
    • J.G.M. Thewissen (eds) 1 Plenum New York
    • Williams EM. Synopsis of the earliest cetaceans: Pakicetidae, Ambulocetidae, Remingtonocetidae, and Protocetidae. In: Thewissen JGM, editor. The emergence of whales: evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. 1st ed. New York: Plenum; 1998. p. 1-28.
    • (1998) The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea , pp. 1-28
    • Williams, E.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.