Archaeomeryx (archaeomerycidae, ruminantia): Morphology, ecology, and role in the evolution of the artiodactyla

Paleontological Journal

Volumn 36, Issue SUPPL. 5, 2002, Pages

  Vislobokova, I A ^a   Trofimov, B A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; ARTIODACTYLA; BOVIDAE; EUTHERIA; RUMINANTIA; ULA; UNGULATA;

EID: 19144372577     PISSN: 00310301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Abel, O., Lebensbilder aus der Tienvelt der Verzeit, Jena, 1927.
2. Archibald, J.D., Averianov, A.O., and Ekdale, E.G., Late Cretaceous Relatives of Rabbits, Rodents, and Other Extant Eutherian Mammals, Nature, 2001, vol. 414, pp. 62-65.
3. Bouvrain, G. and Geraads, D., Un squelette complet de Bachitherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia), de l'Oligocène de Céreste (Alpes de Haute Provence): Remarques sur la systé matique des ruminants primitifs, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sér. 2, 1985, vol. 300, no. 2, pp. 75-78.
4. Bouvrain, G., Geraads, D., and Sudre, J., Révision taxonomique de quelques Ruminants oligocènes des phosphorites du Quercy, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sér. 2, 1986, vol. 302, no. 2, pp. 101-104.
5. Brunet, M. and Sudre, J., Deux neoveaux Dichobunidés (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de l'Oligocène inférieur d'Europe, Proc. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad., 1980, ser. B, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 121-143.
6. Bubenik, G.A. and Bubenik, A.B., Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers, New York: Springer, 1990.
7. Carlson, S.J. and Krause, D.W., Enamel Ultrastructure of Multituberculate Mammals: An Investigation of Variability, Contrib. Mus. Paleontol. Univ. Michigan, 1985, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-50.
8. Carlsson, A., Über die Tragulidae und ihre Beziehungen zu den übrigen Artiodactyla, Acta Zool., 1926, vol. 7, pp. 69-100.
9. Cifelli, R.L., The Petrosal Structure of Hyopsodus with Respects to That of Some Other Ungulates, and Its Phylogenetic Implications, J. Paleontol., 1982, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 795-805.
10. Colbert, E.H., Distribution and Phylogenetic Studies on Indian Fossil Mammals: Part V. The Classification and the Phylogeny of the Giraffidae, Am. Mus. Novit., 1935, no. 800, pp. 1-13.
11. Colbert, E.H., Fossil mammals from Burma in the American Museum of Natural History, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1938, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 255-436.
12. Colbert, E.H., The Osteology and Relationships of Archaeomeryx, an Ancestral Ruminant, Am. Mus. Novit., 1941, no. 1135, pp. 1-24.
13. Cope, E.D., The Classification and Phylogeny of Artiodactyla, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1887, vol. 24, no. 126, pp. 377-400.
14. Darwin, C., The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, London: John Murray, 1859.
15. Flerov, K.K., Moschus and Deer, in Fauna SSSR. Mlekopitayushchie (Fauna of the USSR: Mammals), Moscow-Leningrad: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1952.
16. Flerov, K.K., On the Main Trends in the Ecological Evolution of Ruminants, Paleontol. Zh., 1962, no. 4, pp. 31-42.
17. Flerov, K.K., On the Ancient Ruminants, Byull. Mask. O-va. Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol., 1971, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 52-58.
18. Flower, W.H., On the Arrangement of the Orders and Families of Existing Mammalia, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, pp. 178-186.
19. Franzen, J.L., Das erste Skelett eines Dichobuniden (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), geborgen aus mitteleozänen Ölschiefern der "Grube Messel" bei Darmstadt (Deutschland, S-Hessen), Senckenberg Lethaea, 1981, vol. 61, no. 3/6, pp. 299-353.
20. Franzen, J., Ein zweites Skelett von Messelobunodon (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Dichobunidae) aus der "Grube Messel" bei Darmstadt (Deutschland, S-Hessen), Senckenberg Lethaea, 1983, vol. 64, no. 5/6, pp. 403-445.
21. Franzen, J.L., Skeletons of Aumelasia (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Dichobunidae) from Messel (M. Eocene, W. Germany), Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 1988, vol. 107, pp. 309-321.
22. Gabounia, L., Contribution a la connaissance des mammifères paleogenes du Bassin de Zaissan (Kazakhstan Central), Géobios, 1977, mem. spec. no. 1, pp. 29-37.
23. Gambaryan, P.P., Beg mlekopitayushchikh (Running in Mammals), Leningrad: Nauka, 1972.
24. Gentry, A.W., The Miocene Differentiation of Old World Pecora (Mammalia), Hist. Biol., 1994, vol. 7, pp. 115-158.
25. Gentry, A.W. and Hooker, J.J., The Phylogeny of the Artiodactyla, in The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, vol. 2: Mammals, Oxford: Clarendon, 1988, pp. 235-272.
26. Gentry, A.W., Rossner, G.E., and Heizmann, P.J., Suborder Ruminantia, in Land Mammals of Europe, Munchen: Friedrich Pfeil, 1999, pp. 225-258.
27. Geraads, D., Bouvrain, G., and Sudre, J., Relations phylétiques de Bachitherium Filhol, ruminant de l'Oligocène d'Europe occidentale, Palaeovertebrata, 1987, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 43-73.
28. Gill, T., Arrangement of the Families of Mammals and Synoptical Table of the Characters of the Subdivision of Mammals, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 1872, vol. 11, pp. 1-98.
29. Ginsburg, L., Essai de phylogenie des Eupecora (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla, Mammalia), C. R. Acad. Sci, Sér. 2, 1985, vol. 301, no. 17, pp. 1255-1257.
30. Ginsburg, L. and Morales, J., Les ruminants du Miocéne inférieur de Laugnac (Lot-et-Garonne), Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sér. 4, 1989, vol. 11, sec. C, no. 4, pp. 201-231.
31. Godina, A.Ya., Gromova, V.I., Sokolov, I.I., et al., The Order Artiodactyla, in Osnovy paleontologii. Mlekopitayushchie (Fundamentals of Paleontology: Mammals), Moscow: Gos. Nauch.-Tekh. Izd. Lit Geol. Okhran. Nedr, 1962, pp. 337-410.
32. Guo, S., A Brief Review on Megafloral Successions and Climatic Changes of the Cretaceous and Early Tertiary in China, in Proc. Symp. Paleofloristic and Paleoclimatic Changes in the Cretaceous and Tertiary, Prague: Geol. Surv., 1990, pp. 23-38.
33. Guthrie, D.A., The Tarsus of Early Eocene Artiodactyls, J. Mammal., 1968, vol. 49, pp. 297-302.
34. Hamilton, W.R., The Lower Miocene Ruminants of Gebel Zelten, Libya, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1973, vol. 21, pp. 73-150.
35. Hürzeler, J., Osteologie und odontologie der Caenotheriden, Abh. Schweiz. Paläontol. Ges., 1936, vol. 58/59, pp. 1-112.
36. Janis, C., Tragulids as Living Fossils, in Living Fossils, New York: Springer, 1984, pp. 87-94.
37. Janis, C., Grades and Clades in Hornless Ruminant Evolution: The Reality of the Gelocidae and the Taxonomic Position of Lophiomeryx and Bachitherium, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 1987, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 200-216.
38. Janis, C. and Scott, K., The Origin of the Higher Ruminant Families with Special Reference to the Origin of the Cervoidea and Relationships within the Cervoidea, Am. Mus. Novit., 1987, no. 2893, pp. 1-85.
39. Janis, C. and Scott, K., The Phylogeny of the Ruminantia (Artiodactyla, Mammalia), in The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, vol. 2: Mammals, Oxford: Clarendon, 1988, pp. 273-282.
40. Jehenne, Y., Description du premier crane du genre Prodremotheium Filhol, 1877 (Ruminant primitif de del'Oligocène eurasiatique), Géobios, 1977, mẃm. spéc. vol. 1, pp. 233-237.
41. Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., Evolution of the Therian Mammals in the Late Cretaceous of Asia, Palaeontol. Polon., 1978, vol. 38, pp. 3-41.
42. Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., Bown, T.M., and Lillegraven, J.A., Eutheria, in Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two-Thirds of Mammalian History, Berkeley: Univ. California Press, 1979, pp. 221-259.
43. Koenigswald, W. von, Rensberger, J.M., and Pretzschner, H.U., Changes in the Tooth Enamel of Early Paleocene Mammals Allowing Increased Diet Diversity, Nature, 1987, vol. 328, no. 6126, pp. 150-152.
44. Koenigswald, W. von, Martin, T., and Pretzschner, H.U., Phylogenetic Interpretation of Enamel Structure in Mammalian Teeth: Possibilities and Problems, in Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals, New York: Springer, 1992, pp. 303-314.
45. Kowalevsky, W.O., On the Osteology of the Hyopotamidae, Proc. R. Soc. London, 1873a, vol. 21, pp. 147-165.
46. Kowalevsky, W.O., On the Osteology of the Hyopotamidae, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 1873b, vol. 163, pp. 19-94.
47. Kowalevsky, W.O., Monographie der Gattung Anthracotherium Cuv. und Versuch einer naturlichen Klassifikation der fossilen Huftiere Palaeontographica, 1873-1874, vol. 22, pp. 131-346.
48. Kowalevsky, W.O., Osteology of Two Fossil Species from the Ungulate Group, Entelodon and Gelocus aymardi, Izv. O-va Estestvoispyt. Antropol. Etnogr., 1875, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-59.
49. Kowalevsky, W.O., Osteologie des Gelocus aymardi, Palaentographica, 1877, vol. 24, pp. 145-162.
50. Leinders, J.J., Some Aspects of the Ankle Joint of Artiodactyls with Special Reference to Listriodon (Suina), Proc. Konimkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., 1976, vol. 79, pp. 45-54.
51. Leinders, J.J. and Sondaars, P.Y., On Functional Fusion in Footbones of Ungulates, Z. Saugetierkunde, 1974, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 109-115.
52. MacIntyre, G.T., The Trisulcate Petrosal Pattern of Mammals, in Evolutionary Biology, New York: Plenum Press, 1972, vol. 6, pp. 275-303.
53. Matthew, W.D., Reclassification of the Artiodactyls Families, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 1929, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 403-408.
54. Matthew, W.D., A Phylogenetic Chart of the Artiodactyla, J. Mammal., 1934, vol. 15, pp. 207-209.
55. Matthew, W.D. and Granger, W., New Mammals from the Shara Murun Eocene of Mongolia, Am. Mus. Novit., 1925a, no. 196, pp. 1-11.
56. Matthew, W.D. and Granger, W., New Ungulates from the Ardyn Obo Formation of Mongolia, with Faunal List and Remarks on Correlation, Am. Mus. Novit., 1925b, no. 195, pp. 1-12.
57. McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K., Classification of Mammals above the Species Level, New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1997.
58. Milne-Edwards, A., Recherches anatomiques, zoologiques et paléontologiques sur la famile des chevrotains, Paris: Impr. E. Martinet, 1864.
59. Miyamoto, M.M. and Boyle, S.M., The Potential Importance of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Data to Eutherian Mammal Phylogeny, in The Hierarchy of Life: Molecules and Morphology in Phylogenetic Analysis, Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci. Publ., 1989, pp. 437-450.
60. Miyamoto, M.M., Kraus, F., Laipis, P.J., Tanhauser, S.M., and Webb, S.D., Mitochondrial DNA Phylogenies within Artiodactyla, in Mammals Phylogeny, New York: Springer, 1992, pp. 268-281.
61. Moyà-Solà, S., Morphology of Lower Molars of the Ruminants (Artiodactyla, Mammalia): Phylogenetic Implication, Paleontol. Evol., 1988, vol. 22, pp. 61-70.
62. Nessov, L.A., Archibald, J.D., and Kielan-Jaworowska, S., Ungulate-like Mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and Phylogenetic Analysis of Ungulatomorpha, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 1998, vol. 34, pp. 40-88.
63. Novacek, M.J., The Skull of Leptictid Insectivorans and the Higher-Level Classification of Eutherian Mammals, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1986, vol. 183.
64. Novacek, M.J., Pattern of Diversity in the Mammalian Skull, in Skull, Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1993, vol. 2, pp. 438-545.
65. Pilgrim, G.E., The Dispersal of the Artiodactyla, Biol. Rev., 1941, vol. 16, pp. 134-163.
66. Presley, R., The Primitive Course of the Internal Carotid Artery in Mammals, Acta Ansyom., 1979, vol. 103, pp. 238-244.
67. Prothero, D.R., Manning, E.M., and Fischer, M., The Phylogeny of the Ungulates, in The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Oxford: Clarendon, 1988, vol. 2, pp. 201-234.
68. Qiu, Zh., Late Eocene Hypertragulids of Baise Basin, Kwangsi, Vertebr. Palasiat., 1978, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 7-12.
69. Romer, A.S., Vertebrate Paleontology, Chicago-Illinois: Univ. Chicago Press, 1966.
70. Romer, A.S. and Parsons, T.S., The Vertebrate Body, Philadelphia: Saunders Co., 1978.
71. Rose, K.D., Skeleton of Diacodexis, Oldest Known Artiodactyl, Science, 1982, vol. 216, no. 4546, pp. 621-623.
72. Rose, K.D., Comparative Osteology of North American Dichobunid Artiodactyls, J. Paleontol., 1985, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1203-1226.
73. Rose, K.D., Climbing Adaptations in the Early Eocene Mammal Chriacus and the Origin of Artiodactyla, Science, 1987, vol. 236, no. 4799, pp. 314-316.
74. Rose, K.D., On the Origin of the Order Artiodactyla, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 1705-1709.
75. Rose, K.D., Postcranial Skeleton of Eocene Leptictidae (Mammalia), and Its Implications for Behavior and Relationships, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 1999, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 355-372.
76. Russell, D.E., Thewissen, J.G.M., and Sigogneau-Russell, D., A New Dichobunid Artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Northwest Pakistan, Proc. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., 1983, vol. B86, no. 3, pp. 285-300.
77. Savage, D.E. and Russell, D.E., Mammalian Paleofaunas of the World, London: Addison-Wesley, 1983, pp. 1-432.
78. Schaeffer, B., Notes on the Origin and Function of the Artiodactyl Tarsus, Am. Mus. Novit., 1947, no. 1356, pp. 1-24.
79. Schlosser, M., Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Stammesgeschichte der Hufthiere und Versuch einer Systematik der Paar- und Unpaarhufer, Morphol. Jahrb., 1886, vol. 12, pp. 1-133.
80. Scott, K.M. and Janis, C.M., Relationships of the Ruminantia (Artiodactyla) and Analysis of the Characters Used in Ruminant Taxonomy, in Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals, New York: Springer, 1992, pp. 282-302.
81. Scott, W.B., The Mammalian Fauna of the White River Oligocene: Artiodactyla, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., N. Ser., 1940, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 363-746.
82. Shimamura, M., Yasue, H., Ohshima, K., et al., Molecular Evidence from Retroposons that Whales form a Clade within Even-toed Ungulates, Nature, 1997, vol. 388, pp. 665-670.
83. Sigogneau, D. Le genre Dremotheriitm (Cervoidea). Anatomie du crâne, denture et moulage endocranien, Ann. Paléontol., 1968, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 39-64.
84. Sigogneau-Russell, D. and Russell, D., A New Dichobunid Artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Northwest Pakistan, Proc. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., 1983, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 319-330.
85. Simpson, G.G., Studies of the Earliest Mammalian Dentitions, Dental Cosmos, 1936, pp. 2-24.
86. Simpson, G.G., The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana and Its Mammalian Faunas, Bull. US Nat. Mus., 1937, no. 169, pp. 1-287.
87. Simpson, G.G., The Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1945, vol. 85, pp. 1-350.
88. Sloan, R.E. and Van Valen, L.M., Cretaceous Mammals from Montana, Science, 1965, no. 1948, pp. 220-227.
89. Stefen, C., Evolution of Enamel Microstructure of Archaic Ungulates ("Condylarthra") and Comments on Some Other Early Tertiary Mammals, Paleobios, 1999, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 15-36.
90. Stirton, R., Comments and Relationships of the Cervoid Family Palaeomerycidae, Am. J. Sci., 1944, vol. 242, pp. 633-655.
91. Sudre, J., Les artiodactyles de l'Eocèene moyen et supérior d'Europe occidentale; systématique et évolution, Mém. Trav. Ecol. Prat. Haut. Etud., 1978, vol. 7, pp. 1-229.
92. Sudre, J., Cryptomeryx Schlosser, 1886, Tragulidé de l'Oligocène d'Europe, relations du genre et considérations sur l'origin des ruminants, Palaeovertebrata, 1984, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-31.
93. Sudre, J. and Erfurt, J., Les artiodactyles du gisement Ypresien terminal de Prémontré (Aisne, France), Palaeovertebrata, 1996, vol. 25, nos. 2-4, pp. 391-414.
94. Sudre, J., Russell, D.E., Louis, P., and Savage, D.E., Les Artiodactyles de l'Eocène inférieur d'Europe, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Sér. 4, 1983, vol. 5, sec. C, no. 3, pp. 281-333.
95. Szalay, F.S. and Lucas, S.G., The Postcranial Morphology of Paleocene Chriacus and Mixodectes and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Archontan Mammals, Bull. New Mexico Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci., 1996, no.7, pp. 1-47.
96. Taylor, B.E. and Webb, S.D., Miocene Leptomerycidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) and Their Relationships, Am. Mus. Novit., 1976, no. 2596, pp. 1-22.
97. Thewissen, J.G.M., Russell, D.E., Gingerich, P.D., and Hussain, S.T., A New Dichobunid Artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Northwest Pakistan, Proc. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., 1983, vol. B86, no. 3, pp. 153-180.
98. Todd, N.B., Chromosomal Mechanisms in the Evolution of Artiodactyls, Paleobiology, 1975, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 175-188.
99. Tong, Y., Zeng, S., and Qiu, Z., Cenozoic Mammal Ages of China, Vertebr. Palasiat., 1995, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 290-314.
100. Trofimov, B.A., Origin, History, and Some Characters of Evolutionary Development of Archaic Ruminants (Ruminantia), in Kovalevskii V.O. Sobranie nauchnykh trudov (Kowalevsky: Collected Research Works), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1956, vol. 2, pp. 287-298.
101. Van Kampen, P.N., Die Tympanalgegend der Saugetiershadels, Morphol. Jahrb., 1905, vol. 34, pp. 321-722.
102. Van Valen, L., Toward the Origin of Artiodactyls, Evolution, 1971, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 523-529.
103. Viret, J., Artiodactyla, in: Traité de Paléontologie, Paris: Masson et Cie, 1961, part 6, vol. 1, pp. 887-1021.
104. Vislobokova, I.A., The Basic Features of Historical Development and Classification of the Ruminantia, Paleontol. Zh., 1990a, no. 4, pp. 3-14.
105. Vislobokova, I.A., Iskopaemye oleni Evrazii (Extinct Deer from Eurasia), Moscow: Nauka, 1990b.
106. Vislobokova, I.A., Eocene-Early Miocene Ruminants in Asia, Mem. Trav. E.P.H.E., Inst. Montpellier, 1997, no. 21, pp. 215-223.
107. Vislobokova, I., A New Representative of the Hypertraguloidea (Tragulina, Ruminantia) from the Khoer-Dzan Locality in Mongolia, with Remarks on the Relationships of the Hypertragulidae, Am. Mus. Novit., 1998, no. 3225, pp. 1-24.
108. Vislobokova, I.A., Evolution and Classification of Tragulina (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla), Paleontol. Zh., 2001, vol. 35, suppl. 2, pp. 69-145.
109. Vislobokova, I.A. and Dmitrieva, E.L., Changes in Enamel Ultrastructure at the Early Stages of Ruminant Evolution, Paleontol. Zh., 2000, vol. 34, suppl. 2, pp. 242-249.
110. Vislobokova, I.A. and Trofimov, B.A., The Family Archaeomerycidae (Tragulina): Classification and Role in the Evolution of the Ruminantia, Paleontol. Zh., 2000a, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 455-461.
111. Vislobokova, I.A. and Trofimov, B.A., Archaeomeryx: Morphofunctional Analyses and Ecology, Paleontol. Zh., 2000b, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 662-669.
112. Voogt, J., Nieuwenhyus, R., and van Dongen, P.A.M., Mammals, in The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates, Berlin: Springer, 1998, vol. 3, pp. 1637-2098.
113. Webb, S.D. and Taylor, B.E., The Phylogeny of Hornless Ruminants and a Description of the Cranium of Archaeomeryx, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1980, vol. 167, pp. 117-158.
114. Wible, J.R., The Eutherian Stapedial Artery: Character Analyses and Implication for Superordinal Relationships, Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 1987, vol. 91, pp. 107-135.
115. Wing, S. and Tiffney, B., The Reciprocal Interaction of Angiosperm Evolution and Tetrapod Herbivory, Rev. Paleobot. Palynol., 1987, vol. 50, pp. 179-210.
116. Zheng, J., Description of Some Late Eocene Mammals from Lian-Kan Formation of Turfan Basin, Sinkiang, Mem. Inst. Vertebr. Palaeontol. Palaeoanthrop. Acad. Sin., 1978, vol. 13, pp. 116-125.