Evidence from milk casein genes that cetaceans are close relatives of hippopotamid artiodactyls

Molecular Biology and Evolution

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 954-963

  Gatesy, John ^a,e   Hayashi, Cheryl ^b   Cronin, Mathew A ^c   Arctander, Peter ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LGL Ecological Research Associates Inc   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^e University of Arizona   (United States)

Author keywords

Artiodactyla; casein; Cetacea; Hippopotamus; milk protein

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIODACTYLA; CETACEA; EVOLUTION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; MILK; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY;

ARTIODACTYLA; CETACEA; EUTHERIA; HIPPOPOTAMIDAE; MAMMALIA;

EID: 0029817951     PISSN: 07374038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025663     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. ALEXANDER, L., A. STEWART, A. MACKINLAY, T. KAPELINSKAYA, T. TKACH, and S. GORODETSKY. 1988. Isolation and characterization of the bovine κ-casein gene. Eur. J. Biochem. 178:395-401.
2. BARKLOW, W. 1995. Hippo talk. Nat. Hist. 104:54.
3. BERTA, A. 1994. What is a whale? Science 263:180-181.
4. BONSING, J., J. RING, A. STEWART, and A. MACKINLAY. 1988. Complete nucleotide sequence of the bovine β-casein gene. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 41:527-537.
5. BOYDEN, A., and D. GEMEROY. 1950. The relative position of the Cetacea among the orders of Mammalia as indicated by precipitin tests. Zoologica 35:145-151.
6. BREMER, K. 1994. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 10:295-304.
7. CHAPMAN, H. 1881. Observations upon the hippopotamus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1881:126-148.
8. CHIKUNI, K., Y. MORI, T. TABATA, M. SAITO, M. MONMA, and M. KOSUGIYAMA. 1995. Molecular phylogeny based on the κ-casein and cytochrome b sequences in the mammalian suborder Ruminantia. J. Mol. Evol. 41:859-866.
9. COLBERT, E. 1935. The phylogeny of the Indian Suidae and the origin of the Hippopotamidae. Am. Mus. Novit. 799:1-24.
10. CRISP, E. 1867. On some points connected with the anatomy of the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 39:601-612.
11. DUCROCQ, S. 1994. The Paleogene anthracotheres from Thailand: paleogeoaraphy and phylogeny. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 318:549-554.
12. ERKEN, A., P. KLAVER, and M. FRANKENHUIS. 1994. Castration and sterilization of an adult male Hippopotamus. Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 36:41-43.
13. FARRIS, J. 1989. The retention index and the rescaled consistency index. Cladistics 5:417-419.
14. FARRIS, J., and A. KLUGE. 1985. Parsimony, synapomorphy, and explanatory power: a reply to Duncan. Taxon 34:130-135.
15. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1978. Cases in which parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Syst. Zool. 27: 401-410.
16. _. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783-791.
17. FITCH, W., and J. BEINTEMA. 1990. Correcting parsimonious trees for unseen nucleotide substitutions: the effect of dense branching as exemplified by ribonuclease. Mol. Biol. Evol. 7:438-443.
18. GENTRY, A., and J. HOOKER. 1988. The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. Pp. 235-272 in M. BENTON, ed. The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, volume 2: mammals. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
19. GINGERICH, P., S. RAZA, M. ARIF, M. ANWAR, and X. ZHOU. 1994. New whale from the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming. Nature 368:844-847.
20. GINGERICH, P., B. SMITH, and E. SIMONS. 1990. Hind limbs of Eocene Basilosaurus: evidence of feet in whales. Science 249:154-157.
21. GINGERICH, P., N. WELLS, D. RUSSELL, and S. SHAH. 1983. Origin of whales in epicontinental seas: new evidence from the early Eocene of Pakistan. Science 220:403-406.
22. GOLOBOFF, P 1993a NONA. Version 1.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York.
23. _. 1993b. PEEWEE. Version 2.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York.
24. _. 1993c. Estimating character weights during tree search. Cladistics 9:83-91.
25. GOODMAN, M., J. CZELUSNIAK, and J. BEEBER. 1985. Phylogeny of Primates and other eutherian orders: a cladistic analysis using amino acid and nucleotide sequence data. Cladistics 1:171-185.
26. GRAUR, D., and D. HIGGINS. 1994. Molecular evidence for the inclusion of cetaceans within the order Artiodactyla. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:357-364.
27. HALL, L. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of guinea pig κ-casein cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6129.
28. HOBBS, A., and J. ROSEN. 1982. Sequence of rat α- and γ-casein mRNAs: evolutionary comparison of the calcium-dependent rat casein multigene family. Nucleic Acids Res. 10: 8079-8098.
29. HONEYCUTT, R., M. NEDBAL, R. ADKINS, and L. JANECEK. 1995. Mammalian mitochondrial DNA evolution: a comparison of the cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase II genes. J. Mol. Evol. 40:260-272.
30. IRWIN, D., and U. ARNASON. 1994. Cytochrome b gene of marine mammals: phylogeny and evolution. J. Mammal. Evol. 2:37-55.
31. IRWIN, D., T. KOCHER, and A. WILSON. 1991. Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals. J. Mol. Evol. 32:128-144.
32. JOLLES, P., M. LOUCHEUX-LEFEBVRE, and A. HENSCHEN. 1978. Structural relatedness of κ-casein and fibrinogen γ-chain. J. Mol. Evol. 11:271-277.
33. KLUGE, A., and J. FARRIS. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Syst. Zool. 18:1-32.
34. KRAUS, F., and M. MIYAMOTO. 1991. Rapid cladogenesis among the pecoran ruminants: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Syst. Zool. 40:117-130.
35. LONGHURST, W. 1966. Observations on apparent echo-ranging by Hippopotamus in Uganda. Pp. 210-214 in Proceedings of the third annual conference on biological sonar and diving mammals. Stanford Research Institute, Fremont, Calif.
36. LUCK, C., and P. WRIGHT. 1964. Aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the skin of the hippopotamus (H. amphibius). Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 49:1-14.
37. MA, D., A. ZHARKIKH, D. GRAUR, J. VANDEBERG, and W. LI. 1993. Structure and evolution of opossum, guinea pig, and porcupine cytochrome b genes. J. Mol. Evol. 36:327-334.
38. MADDISON, W., and D. MADDISON. 1992. MacClade 3.03. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
39. MCKENNA, M. 1975. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia. Pp. 21-46 in W. LUCKETT and F. SZALAY, eds. Phylogeny of the Primates. Plenum, New York.
40. MERCIER, J., J. VILOTTE, and C. PROVOT. 1990. Structure and function of milk protein genes. Pp. 233-258 in H. GELDERMAN and E ELLENDORF, eds. Genome analysis in domestic animals. Weinheim, New York.
41. MICKEVICH, M., and J. FARRIS. 1981. The implications of congruence in Menidia. Syst. Zool. 30:351-370.
42. MILINKOVITCH, M. 1995. Molecular phylogeny of cetaceans prompts revision of morphological transformations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10:328-334.
43. MILINKOVITCH, M., A. MEYER, and J. POWELL. 1994. Phylogeny of all major groups of cetaceans based on DNA sequences from three mitochondrial genes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:939-948.
44. MILINKOVITCH, M., G. ORTI, and A. MEYER. 1993. Revised phylogeny of whales suggested by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Nature 361:346-348.
45. NOVACEK, M. 1989, Higher mammal phylogeny: the morphological-molecular synthesis. Pp. 421-435 in B. FERNHOLM, K. BREMER, and H. JORNVALL, eds. The hierarchy of life. Elsevier Science Publishers.
46. NOWAK, R. and J. PARADISO. 1983. Walker's mammals of the world. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
47. O'LEARY, M., and K. ROSE. 1995. Postcranial skeleton of the early Eocene mesonychid Pachyaena (Mammalia: Mesonychia). J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 15:401-430.
48. OSBORN, H. 1924. Andrewsarchus, giant mesonychid of Mongolia. Am. Mus. Novit. 146:1-5.
49. PHILIPPE, H., and E. DOUZERY. 1994. The pitfalls of molecular phylogeny based on four species, as illustrated by the Cetacea/Artiodactyla relationships. J. Mamm. Evol. 2:133-152.
50. PICKFORD, M. 1983. On the origins of Hippopotamidae together with descriptions of two new species, a new genus, and a new subfamily from the Miocene of Kenya. Geobios 16: 193-217.
51. PINDER, S., B. PERRY, C. SKIDMORE, and D. SAVVA. 1991. Analysis of polymorphism in the bovine casein genes by use of the polymerase chain reaction. Anim. Genet. 22:11-20.
52. PROTHERO, D., E. MANNING, and M. FISCHER. 1988. The phylogeny of the ungulates. Pp. 201-234 in M. BENTON, ed. The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, vol. 2: mammals. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
53. QUERALT, R., R. ADROER, R. OLIVA, R. WINKFEIN, J. RETIEF, and G. DIXON. 1995. Evolution of protamine P1 genes in mammals. J. Mol. Evol. 40:601-607.
54. SLIJPER, E. 1962. Whales. Hutchinson, London.
55. SWOFFORD, D. 1993. PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Version 3.1.1. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.
56. SZALAY, F., and S. GOULD. 1966. Asiatic Mesonychidae (Mammalia, Condylarthra). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 132:127-174.
57. THEWISSEN, J. 1994. Phylogenetic aspects of cetacean origins: a morphological perspective. J. Mammal. Evol. 2:157-184.
58. THEWISSEN, J., S. HUSSAIN, and M. ARIF. 1994. Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whales. Science 263:210-212.
59. THREADGILL, D., and J. WOMACK. 1990. Genomic analysis of the major bovine milk protein genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6935-6942.
60. WHEELER, W. and D. GLADSTEIN. 1994. MALIGN. Version 2.1. American Museum of Natural History, New York.
61. WOLFE, H., and P. SHARPE. 1993. Mammalian gene evolution: nucleotide sequence divergence between mouse and rat. J. Mol. Evol. 37:441-456.
62. WRAY, C., J. LEE, and R. DESALLE. 1993. Extraction and enzymatic characterization of foraminiferal DNA. Micropaleontology 39:69-73.
63. ZHOU, X., W. SANDERS, and P. GINGERICH. 1992. Functional and behavioral implications of vertebral structure in Pachyaena ossifraga (Mammalia, Mesonychia). Contrib. Mus. Paleontol. Univ. Michigan 28:289-319.