메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue MAY, 2013, Pages

Issues in the management of acute agitation: How much current guidelines consider safety?

Author keywords

Parenteral treatment; Psychomotor agitation; Rapid tranquilization; Respiratory depression; Safety; Tolerability; Torsade de pointe; Treatment guidelines

Indexed keywords

ARIPIPRAZOLE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; DIAZEPAM; DROPERIDOL; HALOPERIDOL; LITHIUM SALT; LORAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM; MOOD STABILIZER; OLANZAPINE; PROMETHAZINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; THIORIDAZINE; VALPROIC ACID; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 84877709780     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16640640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00026     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (46)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 77952523421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation
    • doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007445
    • Ahmed, U., Jones, H., and Adams, C. E. (2010). Chlorpromazine for psychosis induced aggression or agitation. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 14:CD007445. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007445
    • (2010) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev , vol.14
    • Ahmed, U.1    Jones, H.2    Adams, C.E.3
  • 2
    • 3242691316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid tranquillization of violent or agitated patients in a psychiatric emergency setting Pragmatic randomized trial of intramuscular lorazepam v. haloperidol plus promethazine
    • Alexander, J., Tharyan, P., Adams, C., John, T., Mol, C., and Philip, J. (2004). Rapid tranquillization of violent or agitated patients in a psychiatric emergency setting. Prag-matic randomized trial of intramus-cular lorazepam v. haloperidol plus promethazine. Br. J. Psychiatry 185, 63-69.
    • (2004) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.185 , pp. 63-69
    • Alexander, J.1    Tharyan, P.2    Adams, C.3    John, T.4    Mol, C.5    Philip, J.6
  • 3
    • 0242494266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What clinicians should know about the QT interval
    • Al-Khatib, S. M., LaPointe, N., Kramer, J. M., and Califf, R. M. (2003). What clinicians should know about the QT interval. JAMA. 289, 2120-2127.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2120-2127
    • Al-Khatib, S.M.1    LaPointe, N.2    Kramer, J.M.3    Califf, R.M.4
  • 4
    • 0034515814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the agitated psychotic patient: a reappraisal of the evidence
    • Allen, M. H. (2000). Managing the agi-tated psychotic patient: a reappraisal of the evidence. J. Clin. Psychiatry 61(Suppl. 14), 11-20.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 14 , pp. 11-20
    • Allen, M.H.1
  • 5
    • 33746855617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert consensus panel for behavioral emergencies 2005 The expert consensus guideline series -treatment of behavioral emergencies 2005
    • 5-108. quiz
    • Allen, M. H., Currier, G. W., Carpenter, D., Ross, R. W., and Docherty, J. P. (2005). Expert consensus panel for behavioral emergencies 2005. The expert consensus guideline series -treatment of behavioral emergencies 2005. J. Psychiatr. Pract. 11(Suppl. 1), 5-108. quiz 110-112.
    • (2005) J. Psychiatr. Pract , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 110-112
    • Allen, M.H.1    Currier, G.W.2    Carpenter, D.3    Ross, R.W.4    Docherty, J.P.5
  • 6
    • 1842539296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert consensus panel for behavioral emergencies: the expert consensus guideline series Treatment of behavioral emergencies
    • (Spec No):1-88; quiz
    • Allen, M. H., Currier, G. W., Hughes, D. H., Reyes-Harde, M., and Docherty, J. P. (2001). Expert consensus panel for behavioral emergencies: the expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of behavioral emergen-cies. Postgrad. Med. (Spec No):1-88; quiz 89-90.
    • (2001) Postgrad. Med , pp. 89-90
    • Allen, M.H.1    Currier, G.W.2    Hughes, D.H.3    Reyes-Harde, M.4    Docherty, J.P.5
  • 7
    • 0022994985 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of respiratory depressants and stimulants
    • Altose, M. D., and Hudgel, D. W. (1986). The pharmacology of respiratory depressants and stimulants. Clin. Chest Med. 7, 481-494.
    • (1986) Clin. Chest Med. , vol.7 , pp. 481-494
    • Altose, M.D.1    Hudgel, D.W.2
  • 9
    • 22744449459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological management of acute agitation
    • Battaglia, J. (2005). Pharmacological management of acute agitation. Drugs 65, 1207-1222.
    • (2005) Drugs , vol.65 , pp. 1207-1222
    • Battaglia, J.1
  • 10
    • 0038046260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calming versus sedative effects of intramuscular olanzapine in agitated patients
    • Battaglia, J., Lindborg, S. R., Alaka, K., Meehan, K., and Wright, P. (2003). Calming versus sedative effects of intramuscular olanzapine in agi-tated patients. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 21, 192-198.
    • (2003) Am. J. Emerg. Med. , vol.21 , pp. 192-198
    • Battaglia, J.1    Lindborg, S.R.2    Alaka, K.3    Meehan, K.4    Wright, P.5
  • 11
    • 33244478518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks associated with parenteral treatment of acute agitation
    • Boomsma, M. M., Mengels, O., and van Olden, R. W. (2006). Risks associ-ated with parenteral treatment of acute agitation. Tijdschr. Psychiatr. 48, 135-139.
    • (2006) Tijdschr. Psychiatr. , vol.48 , pp. 135-139
    • Boomsma, M.M.1    Mengels, O.2    Van Olden, R.W.3
  • 12
    • 0038368780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of management methods for patients in a state of agitation at admission and emergency departments in France
    • Bourdinaud, V., and Pochard, F. (2003). Survey of management methods for patients in a state of agita-tion at admission and emergency departments in France. Encephale 29, 89-98.
    • (2003) Encephale , vol.29 , pp. 89-98
    • Bourdinaud, V.1    Pochard, F.2
  • 14
    • 0034861426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term lorazepam infusion and concern for propylene glycol toxicity: case report and review
    • Cawley, M. J. (2001). Short-term lorazepam infusion and concern for propylene glycol toxicity: case report and review. Pharmacotherapy 21, 1140-1144.
    • (2001) Pharmacotherapy , vol.21 , pp. 1140-1144
    • Cawley, M.J.1
  • 15
    • 79551502789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the management of hypothetical cases of acute agitation in Australasian emergency departments
    • Chan, E. W., Taylor, D. M., Knott, J. C., and Kong, D. C. (2011). Variation in the management of hypo-thetical cases of acute agitation in Australasian emergency depart-ments. Emerg. Med. Australas. 23, 23-32.
    • (2011) Emerg. Med. Australas. , vol.23 , pp. 23-32
    • Chan, E.W.1    Taylor, D.M.2    Knott, J.C.3    Kong, D.C.4
  • 16
    • 3342893213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid tranquilization: new approaches in the emergency treatment of behavioral disturbances
    • De Fruyt, J., and Demyttenaere, K. (2004). Rapid tranquilization: new approaches in the emergency treat-ment of behavioral disturbances. Eur. Psychiatry 19, 243-249.
    • (2004) Eur. Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 243-249
    • De Fruyt, J.1    Demyttenaere, K.2
  • 17
    • 0016183447 scopus 로고
    • Doubleblind comparison of the respiratory effects of parenteral lorazepam and diazepam in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Denaut, M., Yernault, J. C., and De Coster, A. (1974/1975). Doubleblind comparison of the respiratory effects of parenteral lorazepam and diazepam in patients with chronic obstructive lung dis-ease. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2, 611-615.
    • (1974) Curr. Med. Res. Opin , vol.2 , pp. 611-615
    • Denaut, M.1    Yernault, J.C.2    De Coster, A.3
  • 18
    • 0024595177 scopus 로고
    • Rapid tranquilization of the violent patient
    • Dubin, W. R., and Feld, J. A. (1989). Rapid tranquilization of the violent patient. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 7, 313-320.
    • (1989) Am. J. Emerg. Med. , vol.7 , pp. 313-320
    • Dubin, W.R.1    Feld, J.A.2
  • 20
    • 33644698983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia Part 1 acute treatment of schizophrenia
    • Falkai, P., Wobrock, T., Lieberman, J., Glenthoj, B., Gattaz, W. F., Moller, H. J., et al. (2005). World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, Part 1: acute treatment of schizophrenia. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 6, 132-191.
    • (2005) World J. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.6 , pp. 132-191
    • Falkai, P.1    Wobrock, T.2    Lieberman, J.3    Glenthoj, B.4    Gattaz, W.F.5    Moller, H.J.6
  • 21
    • 0034500540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale and guidelines for the inpatient treatment of acute psychosis
    • Feifel, D. (2000). Rationale and guide-lines for the inpatient treatment of acute psychosis. J. Clin. Psychiatry 61(Suppl. 14), 27-32.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 14 , pp. 27-32
    • Feifel, D.1
  • 23
    • 0018171319 scopus 로고
    • Parenteral treatment of acute psychotic patients with agitation: a review
    • Fruensgaard, K. (1978). Parenteral treatment of acute psychotic patients with agitation: a review. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 5, 593-600.
    • (1978) Curr. Med. Res. Opin. , vol.5 , pp. 593-600
    • Fruensgaard, K.1
  • 24
    • 33644873400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines alone or in combination with antipsychotic drugs for acute psychosis
    • doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003079
    • Gillies, D., Beck, A., McCloud, A., Rathbone, J., and Gillies, D. (2005). Benzodiazepines alone or in com-bination with antipsychotic drugs for acute psychosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 19:CD003079. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003079
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. , vol.19
    • Gillies, D.1    Beck, A.2    McCloud, A.3    Rathbone, J.4    Gillies, D.5
  • 26
    • 0037494714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorders; The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the biological treatment of bipolar disorders Part II: treatment of mania
    • Grunze, H., Kasper, S., Goodwin, G., Bowden, C., Baldwin, D., Licht, R. W., et al. (2003). WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorders; The World Fed-eration of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the biological treatment of bipo-lar disorders, Part II: treatment of mania. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 4, 5-13.
    • (2003) World J. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.4 , pp. 5-13
    • Grunze, H.1    Kasper, S.2    Goodwin, G.3    Bowden, C.4    Baldwin, D.5    Licht, R.W.6
  • 27
    • 67650134119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the biological treatment of bipolar disorders: update 2009 on the treatment of acute mania
    • Grunze, H., Vieta, E., Goodwin, G. M., Bowden, C., Licht, R. W., Moller, H. J., et al. (2009). The World Federa-tion of Societies of Biological Psy-chiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the biological treatment of bipolar dis-orders: update 2009 on the treat-ment of acute mania. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 10, 85-116.
    • (2009) World J. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 85-116
    • Grunze, H.1    Vieta, E.2    Goodwin, G.M.3    Bowden, C.4    Licht, R.W.5    Moller, H.J.6
  • 28
    • 2142695682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torsade de pointes associated with the administration of intravenous haloperidol: a review of the literature and practical guidelines for use
    • Hassaballa,H.A.,and Balk,R.A. (2003). Torsade de pointes associated with the administration of intravenous haloperidol: a review of the liter-ature and practical guidelines for use. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2, 543-547.
    • (2003) Expert Opin. Drug Saf. , vol.2 , pp. 543-547
    • Hassaballa, H.A.1    Balk, R.A.2
  • 29
    • 0034963201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torsades de pointes associated with chlorpromazine: case report and review of associated ventricular arrhythmias
    • Hoehns, J. D., Stanford, R. H., Ger-aets, D. R., Skelly, K. S., Lee, H. C., and Gaul, B. L. (2001). Torsades de pointes associated with chlorpromazine: case report and review of associated ventricular arrhythmias. Pharmacotherapy 21, 871-883.
    • (2001) Pharmacotherapy , vol.21 , pp. 871-883
    • Hoehns, J.D.1    Stanford, R.H.2    Geraets, D.R.3    Skelly, K.S.4    Lee, H.C.5    Gaul, B.L.6
  • 30
    • 70049118508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol plus promethazine for psychosis induced aggression
    • Huf, G., Alexander, J., and Allen, M. H. (2005). Haloperidol plus promet-hazine for psychosis induced aggres-sion. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 25.
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev , pp. 25
    • Huf, G.1    Alexander, J.2    Allen, M.H.3
  • 31
    • 0028803399 scopus 로고
    • The association between intravenous haloperidol and Torsades de Pointes Three cases and a literature review
    • Hunt, N., and Stern, T. A. (1995). The association between intravenous haloperidol and Torsades de Pointes. Three cases and a liter-ature review. Psychosomatics 36, 541-549.
    • (1995) Psychosomatics , vol.36 , pp. 541-549
    • Hunt, N.1    Stern, T.A.2
  • 32
    • 0030883377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torsade de pointes and low-dose oral haloperidol
    • Jackson, T., Ditmanson, L., and Phibbs, B. (1997). Torsade de pointes and low-dose oral haloperi-dol. Arch. Intern. Med. 157, 2013-2015.
    • (1997) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.157 , pp. 2013-2015
    • Jackson, T.1    Ditmanson, L.2    Phibbs, B.3
  • 33
    • 0021998735 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged respiratory center depression after alcohol and benzodiazepines
    • Jedeikin, R., Menutti, D., Bruderman, I., and Hoffman, S. (1985). Prolonged respiratory center depression after alcohol and benzodiazepines. Chest 87, 262-264.
    • (1985) Chest , vol.87 , pp. 262-264
    • Jedeikin, R.1    Menutti, D.2    Bruderman, I.3    Hoffman, S.4
  • 35
    • 0034500776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of agitation
    • Lindenmayer, J. P. (2000). The patho-physiology of agitation. J. Clin. Psy-chiatry 61(Suppl. 14), 5-10.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 14 , pp. 5-10
    • Lindenmayer, J.P.1
  • 37
    • 33748945158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of agitation in mental illness: treatment guidelines and current therapies
    • Marder, S. R. (2006). A review of agi-tation in mental illness: treatment guidelines and current therapies. J. Clin. Psychiatry 67(Suppl. 10), 13-21.
    • (2006) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.SUPPL. 10 , pp. 13-21
    • Marder, S.R.1
  • 38
    • 77950934586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FDA extended warning for intravenous haloperidol and torsades de pointes: how should institutions respond
    • Meyer-Massetti, C., Cheng, C. M., Sharpe, B. A., Meier, C. R., and Guglielmo, B. J. (2010). The FDA extended warning for intra-venous haloperidol and torsades de pointes: how should institu-tions respond? J. Hosp. Med. 5, E8-E16.
    • (2010) J Hosp. Med , vol.5
    • Meyer-Massetti, C.1    Cheng, C.M.2    Sharpe, B.A.3    Meier, C.R.4    Guglielmo, B.J.5
  • 39
    • 33748941554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: the clinical impact of agitation in various psychiatric disorders: management consensus and controversies
    • Mintzer, J. E. (2006). Introduction: the clinical impact of agitation in var-ious psychiatric disorders: manage-ment consensus and controversies. J. Clin. Psychiatry 67(Suppl. 10), 3-5.
    • (2006) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.SUPPL. 10 , pp. 3-5
    • Mintzer, J.E.1
  • 40
    • 77949666623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of antipsychotic medications
    • Muench, J., and Hamer, A. M. (2010). Adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. Am. Fam. Physician 81, 617-622.
    • (2010) Am. Fam. Physician , vol.81 , pp. 617-622
    • Muench, J.1    Hamer, A.M.2
  • 41
    • 0030806927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam: a review of therapeutic uses and toxicity
    • Nordt, S. P., and Clark, R. F. (1997). Midazolam: a review of therapeutic uses and toxicity. J. Emerg. Med. 15, 357-365.
    • (1997) J. Emerg. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 357-365
    • Nordt, S.P.1    Clark, R.F.2
  • 42
    • 0030063555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal in the elderly and in patients with liver disease
    • Peppers, M. P. (1996). Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal in the elderly and in patients with liver disease. Pharmacotherapy 16, 49-57.
    • (1996) Pharmacotherapy , vol.16 , pp. 49-57
    • Peppers, M.P.1
  • 43
    • 67649306400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering intensive care sedation paradigms to improve patient outcomes
    • Riker, R. R., and Fraser, G. L. (2009). Altering intensive care sedation paradigms to improve patient outcomes. Crit. Care Clin. 25, 527-538.
    • (2009) Crit. Care Clin. , vol.25 , pp. 527-538
    • Riker, R.R.1    Fraser, G.L.2
  • 44
    • 0019504457 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of midazolam in man
    • PMCID: 6116606
    • Smith, M. T., Eadie, M. J., and Brophy, T. O. (1981). The pharmacokinetics of midazolam in man. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 19, 271-278. PMCID: 6116606.
    • (1981) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.19 , pp. 271-278
    • Smith, M.T.1    Eadie, M.J.2    Brophy, T.O.3
  • 45
    • 41549142258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and effectiveness of high-dose midazolam for severe behavioural disturbance in an emergency department with suspected psychostimulantaffected patients
    • Spain, D., Crilly, J., Whyte, I., Jenner, L., Carr, V., and Baker, A. (2008). Safety and effectiveness of high-dose mida-zolam for severe behavioural distur-bance in an emergency department with suspected psychostimulant-affected patients. Emerg. Med. Aus-tralas. 20, 112-120.
    • (2008) Emerg. Med. Australas. , vol.20 , pp. 112-120
    • Spain, D.1    Crilly, J.2    Whyte, I.3    Jenner, L.4    Carr, V.5    Baker, A.6
  • 46
    • 0025023923 scopus 로고
    • Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the epidemiologic catchment area surveys
    • Swanson, J., Hozler, C., and Ganju, V. R. (1990). Violence and psy-chiatric disorder in the com-munity: evidence from the epi-demiologic catchment area surveys. Hosp. Community Psychiatry 41, 761-770.
    • (1990) Hosp. Community Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 761-770
    • Swanson, J.1    Hozler, C.2    Ganju, V.R.3
  • 47
    • 66149163245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of cardiovascular effects following atypical antipsychotic medication overdose
    • Tan, H. H., Hoppe, J., and Heard, K. (2009). A systematic review of cardiovascular effects following atypical antipsychotic medication overdose. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 27, 607-616.
    • (2009) Am. J. Emerg. Med. , vol.27 , pp. 607-616
    • Tan, H.H.1    Hoppe, J.2    Heard, K.3
  • 48
    • 0020071886 scopus 로고
    • Assaultive behavior among chronic inpatients
    • Tardiff, K., and Sweillam, A. (1982). Assaultive behavior among chronic inpatients. Am. J. Psychiatry 139, 212-215.
    • (1982) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.139 , pp. 212-215
    • Tardiff, K.1    Sweillam, A.2
  • 49
    • 84877690584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acutely disturbed/violent behaviour
    • 10th Edn. eds D. Taylor, C. Paton, and S. Kapur (London: Informa Healthcare)
    • Taylor, D., Paton, C., and Kapur, S. (2009). "Acutely disturbed/violent behaviour," in The Maudsley Pre-scribing Guidelines, 10th Edn. eds D. Taylor, C. Paton, and S. Kapur (London: Informa Healthcare), 417-424.
    • (2009) The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines , pp. 417-424
    • Taylor, D.1    Paton, C.2    Kapur, S.3
  • 50
    • 0035200703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of intravenous haloperidol on QT interval dispersion in critically ill patients: comparison with QT interval prolongation for assessment of risk of Torsades de Pointes
    • Erratum in: J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2002) 42, 577-579
    • Tisdale, J. E., Rasty, S., Padhi, I. D., Sharma, N. D., and Rosman, H. (2001). The effect of intravenous haloperidol on QT interval dis-persion in critically ill patients: comparison with QT interval pro-longation for assessment of risk of Torsades de Pointes. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 41, 1310-1318. Erratum in: J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2002) 42, 577-579.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.41 , pp. 1310-1318
    • Tisdale, J.E.1    Rasty, S.2    Padhi, I.D.3    Sharma, N.D.4    Rosman, H.5
  • 52
    • 24944459735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propylene glycol toxicity: a severe iatrogenic illness in ICU patients receiving IV benzodiazepines: a case series and prospective, observational pilot study
    • Wilson, K. C., Reardon, C., Theodore, A. C., and Farber, H. W. (2005). Propylene glycol toxicity: a severe iatrogenic illness in ICU patients receiving IV benzodiazepines: a case series and prospective, obser-vational pilot study. Chest 128, 1674-1681.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 1674-1681
    • Wilson, K.C.1    Reardon, C.2    Theodore, A.C.3    Farber, H.W.4
  • 53
    • 84869087917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential complications of combining intramuscular olanzapine with benzodiazepines in emergency department patients
    • Wilson, M. P., MacDonald, K., Vilke, G. M., and Feifel, D. (2012a). Poten-tial complications of combining intramuscular olanzapine with ben-zodiazepines in emergency depart-ment patients. J. Emerg. Med. 43, 889-896.
    • (2012) J. Emerg. Med , vol.43 , pp. 889-896
    • Wilson, M.P.1    MacDonald, K.2    Vilke, G.M.3    Feifel, D.4
  • 54
    • 84869081829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the safety of olanzapine and haloperidol in combination with benzodiazepines in emergency department patients with acute agitation
    • Wilson, M. P., MacDonald, K., Vilke, G. M., and Feifel, D. (2012b). A com-parison of the safety of olanzapine and haloperidol in combination with benzodiazepines in emer-gency department patients with acute agitation. J. Emerg. Med. 43, 790-797.
    • (2012) J. Emerg. Med. , vol.43 , pp. 790-797
    • Wilson, M.P.1    MacDonald, K.2    Vilke, G.M.3    Feifel, D.4
  • 55
    • 23044465168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments; Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: consensus and controversies
    • Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., O'Donovan, C., Parikh, S., Mac-Queen, G., McIntyre, R., et al. (2005). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments; Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: con-sensus and controversies. Bipolar Disord. 7(Suppl. 3), 5-69.
    • (2005) Bipolar Disord , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 5-69
    • Yatham, L.N.1    Kennedy, S.H.2    O'Donovan, C.3    Parikh, S.4    MacQueen, G.5    McIntyre, R.6
  • 56
    • 34249977584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity
    • Zar, T., Graeber, C., and Perazella, M. A. (2007). Recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity. Semin. Dial. 20, 217-219.
    • (2007) Semin. Dial. , vol.20 , pp. 217-219
    • Zar, T.1    Graeber, C.2    Perazella, M.A.3
  • 57
    • 39349093168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological control of acute agitation: focus on intramuscular preparations
    • Zimbroff, D. L. (2008). Pharmacologi-cal control of acute agitation: focus on intramuscular preparations. CNS Drugs 22, 199-212.
    • (2008) CNS Drugs , vol.22 , pp. 199-212
    • Zimbroff, D.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.