Survey of management methods for patients in a state of agitation at admissions and emergency departments in France;Enquête sur la prise en charge des patients en état d'agitation dans les services d'accueil et d'urgences en France

Encephale

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 89-98

  Bourdinaud, V ^b   Pochard, F ^a  

^a CHU Cochin Port Royal ^*  (France)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Aggression; Agitation; Emergency; Management

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CLONAZEPAM; CLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM; CYAMEMAZINE; DROPERIDOL; HALOPERIDOL; LOXAPINE SUCCINATE; MEPROBAMATE; MIDAZOLAM;

AGITATION; ALCOHOL INTOXICATION; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BRAIN TUMOR; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CONFUSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DEPENDENCE; ELECTROLYTE BLOOD LEVEL; EMERGENCY WARD; ENCEPHALITIS; FRANCE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENINGEAL HEMORRHAGE; POLICE; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEDATION; SENILITY;

ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; EMERGENCY SERVICES, PSYCHIATRIC; FEMALE; FRANCE; HEALTH CARE SURVEYS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; LOXAPINE; MALE; PATIENT ADMISSION; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; SECURITY MEASURES; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0038368780     PISSN: 00137006     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. ANCILL RJ, CARLYLE WW, LIANG RA et al. Agitation in the demented ederly: a role for benzodiazepines? Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1991; 6 (3):141-6.
2. AZORIN M. États d'agitation. Rev Prat 1995; 45: 1287-90.
3. BATTAGLIA J. Haloperidol, lorazepam, or both for psychotic agitation? A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, emergency department study. Am J Emerg Med 1997; 15 (4): 335-40.
4. BIENIEK SA, OWNBY RL, PENALVER A et al. A double-blind study of lorazepam versus the combinaison of haloperidol and lorazepam in managing agitation. Pharmacotherapy 1998; 18 (1): 57-62.
5. BOUVEL B, KAHN JP. États d'agitation: orientation diagnostique et conduite à tenir en situation d'urgence avec la posologie médicamenteuse. Rev Prat 2001; 51 (2): 215-21.
6. BRONS ES, DILSAVER SC, BOWERS TC et al. Droperidol in the interim management of severe mania: case reports and literature review. Clin Neuropharmacol 1998; 21 (5): 316-8.
7. BRUNGARDT GS. Patients restraint: new guidelines for a less restrictive approach. Geriatrics 1994; 49 (6): 43-4, 47-50.
8. BUCKLEY PF. The role of typical antipsychotic medications in management of agitation and agression. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 (Suppl 10): 52-60.
9. BULTEL J, HEMERY F, GABAI M et al. Prise en charge médicale des états d'agitation dans les services d'accueil d'urgences - étude rétrospective multicentrique. Act Rean Med Urg 1995: 493-510.
10. CARLI P, RIOU B. Urgences médico-chirurgicales de l'adulte. Paris: Arnette, 1991: 866-9.
11. CARLYLE W, ANCILL RJ, SHELDONL. Agression in the demented patient: a double-blind study of loxapine versus haloperidol. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 8 (2): 103-8.
12. CAVANAUGH SV. Psychiatric emergencies. Med Clin North Am 1986; 70 (5): 1185-202.
13. CHAMBERS RA, DRUSS BG. Droperidol: efficacy and side effects in psychiatric emergencies. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 (10): 664-7.
14. CHARBAUT R, VAVON JP. Abord de la violence. Soins Psychiatr 1989; 100: 9-10.
15. CHONG LS, ABBOTT PM. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome secondary to loxapine. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 159: 572-3.
16. CHRISTIDIS N. Démarche diagnostique et conduites à tenir devant les états d'agitation aiguë. In: Ginestet D, ed. Thérapeutique médicamenteuse des troubles psychiatriques de l'adulte. Paris: Flammarion, 1996: 99-115.
17. DEREK RH, AVERILL PM, SMALL D et al. Use of the brief psychiatric rating scale to facilitate differential diagnosis at acute inpatient admission. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62 (4): 304-12.
18. DOREVITCH A, KATZ N, ZEMISHLANY Z et al. Intramuscular flunitrazepam versus intramuscular haloperidol in the emergency treatment of aggressive psychotic behavior. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156 (1): 142-4.
19. ELLRODT A. Urgences médicales, éd 2001-2002. Paris: Estem, 1996: 89-99.
20. e éd. Paris: Masson, 1994: 967-9.
21. FERRAND I, FILIPPI C, LABBE N. Orientation d'un patient présentant un état d'agitation aux urgences. Act Rean Med Urg 1995: 521-7.
22. FITZGERALD P. Long acting antipsychotic medication restraint and treament in the management of acute psychosis. Aust NZ Psychiatry 1999; 33 (5): 660-6.
23. FOSTER S, KESSEL J, BERMAN ME et al. Efficacy of lorazepam and haloperidol for rapid tranquilization in an psychiatric emergency room setting. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; (3): 175-9.
24. GLOW SD. Acutely agited patients: a comparison of the use of haloperidol and droperidol in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs 1997; 23 (6): 626-8.
25. GOJER JA. Possible manic side effects of loxapine. Can J Psychiatry 1992; 37 (9): 669-70.
26. e éd. Paris: Maloine, 1997: 391-403.
27. GRIVOIS H. Urgences psychiatriques. Paris: Masson, 1986: 24-5, 79-95.
28. GUEDJ MJ, MERCUEL A, MARCEL JL et al. Conduite à tenir devant un malade agité aux urgences. Encycl Med Chir (Éditions scientifiques et médicales, Elsevier SAS, Paris), Urgences, 24-153-B-10, 2001: 10p.
29. GUELFI JD, BOYER P, CONSOLI S et al. Psychiatrie. Paris: PUFFondamental, 1997: 48-9.
30. HEMERY F, FOURESTIE V. Abord médical d'un patient présentant un état d'agitation aux urgences. Act Rean Med Urg 1995: 481-92.
31. KAPLAN HI, SADOCK BJ. Synopsis de psychiatrie. Paris: Pradel, 1998: 197-207.
32. KINKLE SL. Violence in the emergency department: how to stop it before it starts. Am J Nurs 1993; 93 (7): 22-4.
33. LENOX RH, NEWHOUSE PA, CREELMAN WL et al. Adjunctive treatment of manic agitation with lorazepam versus haloperidol: a double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53 (2): 47-52.
34. MAIRESSE EH, LUNDY JE, SOUBRIER JP. Intérêt de la loxapine injectable dans les états d'agitation aiguë d'origine psychotique: étude ouverte chez 53 patients admis à l'infirmerie psychiatrique. Inform Psychiatr 1993; 69 (3): 289-96.
35. MELTZER HY, JAYATHILAKE K. Low-dose loxapine in the treatment of schizophrenia: is it may effective and more «atypical» than standard-dose loxapine? J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 (Suppl 10): 47-51.
36. MENNINGER WW. Management of the aggressive and dangerous patient. Bull Menninger Clin 1993; 57 (2): 208-17.
37. MICHAEL J. Management of behavioral emergencies. Am J Emerg Med 1995; 13 (3): 344-50.
38. MILTON GV, JANN MW. Emergency treatment of psychotic symptoms. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 28 (6): 494-504.
39. MODELL JG. Further experience and observations with lorazepam in the management of behavioral agitation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1986; 6 (6): 385-7.
40. MOHY Y. Sultopride in the treament of agitation. Sem Hop 1983; 59 (17): 1327-30.
41. MORIZT F, BAUER F, BOYER A et al. Patients en état d'agitation à l'admission du service des urgences de l'hôpital de Rouen. Presse Med 1999; (30): 1630-4.
42. MORIZT F, GOULLE JP, GIRAULT C et al. Toxicological analysis in agited patients. Intensive Care Med 1999 (8): 852-4.
43. MORMONT C. Méthodes projectives et dangerosité. Acta Psychiatr Belg 1988; 88 (1): 52-9.
44. PEARSON CA. Physical restraint of the disturbed patient. Trop Doct 1985 (3) 149.
45. e éd. 1996: 85-90.
46. RANKINS RC, HENDEYGW. Effects of the security system on violent incidents and hidden weapons in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 33 (6): 676-9.
47. RESNICK M, BURTON BT. Droperidol versus haloperidol in the initial management of acutely agited patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1984; 45 (7): 298-9.
48. RICE MM, MOORE GP. Management of the violent patient. Therapeutic and legal considerations. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1991; 9 (1): 13-30.
49. RICHARDS JR, DERLET RW, DUNCAN DR. Chemical restraint for the agited patient in the emergency department: lorazepam versus droperidol. J Emerg Med 1998; 16 (4): 567-73.
50. ROSEN CL, RATLIFF AF, WOLFE RE et al. The efficacy of intravenous droperidol in the prehospital setting. J Emerg Med 1997; 15 (1): 13-7.
51. ROSEN P, BARKIN RM. Emergency medicine: concept and clinical practice, 3th ed. Mosby-year book, 1998: 2018-9, 2088-95.
52. ROSEN P. Vitamin H and when to use it. J Emerg Med 1992; 10: 753-5.
53. e éd. Paris, 1999, tome II: 19-296.
54. SALZMAN C, SOLOMON D, MIYAWAKI E et al. Parenteral lorazepam versus parenteral haloperidol for the control of psychotic disruptive behavior. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52 (4): 177-80.
55. SCALETTA T. Management of the combative patient. Am J Emerg Med 1994; 12 (2): 257.
56. th ed. London: Philadelphia edition, 1992 (2): 2637-46.
57. e éd. Paris: Ellipse, 1991: 569-70.
58. STANILAS SW, CHILDS A. Evaluating the usage of droperidol in acutely agited persons with brain injury. Brain Inj 2000; 14 (3): 261-5.
59. STRAWSER D. Management plan for the habitually combative patients. J Emerg Nurs 1994; 20 (3): 204-6.
60. SZUBA MP, BERGMAN KS, BAXTER LR et al. Safety and efficacy of high-dose droperidol in agited patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1992; 12 (2): 144-6.
61. THOMAS H, SCHWARTZ E, PETRILLI R. Droperidol versushaloperidol for chemical restraint of agited and combative patients. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21 (4): 407-13.
62. WARD ME, SAKLAD SR, ERESHEFSKY L. Lorazepam for the treatment of psychotic agitation. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143 (9): 1195-6.
63. YOUNG GP. The agited patient in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin N Am 1987; 5 (4): 765-81.
64. YUDOFSKY SC, HOPECKY HJ, HUNIK M et al. The overt agitation severity scale for the objective rating of agitation. J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci 1997; 9 (4): 541-8.