메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 357-365

Midazolam: A review of therapeutic uses and toxicity

Author keywords

Conscious sedation; Flumazenil; Midazolam; Status epilepticus; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; AMOBARBITAL; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR; CHLORAL HYDRATE; CHLORIDE CHANNEL; CHLORIDE ION; CHLORPROMAZINE; CIMETIDINE; CYTOCHROME P450; DIAZEPAM; FENTANYL; FLUMAZENIL; HALOPERIDOL; MACROLIDE; MIDAZOLAM; OMEPRAZOLE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PETHIDINE; PROMETHAZINE; RANITIDINE; RIFAMPICIN; SUFENTANIL;

EID: 0030806927     PISSN: 07364679     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0736-4679(97)00022-X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (263)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0027638361 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam: A review of its use for conscious sedation in children
    • Kupietzky A, Houpt MI. Midazolam: a review of its use for conscious sedation in children. Pediatr Dent. 1993;15:237-41.
    • (1993) Pediatr Dent , vol.15 , pp. 237-241
    • Kupietzky, A.1    Houpt, M.I.2
  • 2
    • 0021839503 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam pharmacology and pharmacokinetics
    • Greenblatt DJ, Abemethy DR. Midazolam pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Anesth Rev. 1985;12:17-20.
    • (1985) Anesth Rev , vol.12 , pp. 17-20
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Abemethy, D.R.2
  • 3
    • 0027436486 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of flumazenil for reversing the effects of midazolam-induced conscious sedation or general anesthesia
    • Glass PS, Jhaveri RM, Ginsberg B, Ossey K. Evaluation of flumazenil for reversing the effects of midazolam-induced conscious sedation or general anesthesia. South Med J. 1993;86:1238-47.
    • (1993) South Med J , vol.86 , pp. 1238-1247
    • Glass, P.S.1    Jhaveri, R.M.2    Ginsberg, B.3    Ossey, K.4
  • 4
    • 0021743129 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use
    • Dundee JW, Halliday NJ, Harper KW, Brogden RN. Midazolam: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1984;28:519-43.
    • (1984) Drugs , vol.28 , pp. 519-543
    • Dundee, J.W.1    Halliday, N.J.2    Harper, K.W.3    Brogden, R.N.4
  • 5
    • 0020595349 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and the sedative effect of midazolam
    • Kanto J, Allonen H. Pharmacokinetics and the sedative effect of midazolam. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1983;21:460-3.
    • (1983) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 460-463
    • Kanto, J.1    Allonen, H.2
  • 7
    • 0020634665 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam, a new more potent benzodiazepine, compared with diazepam: A randomized, double-blind study of preendoscopic sedatives
    • Cole SG, Brozinsky S, Isenberg JI. Midazolam, a new more potent benzodiazepine, compared with diazepam: a randomized, double-blind study of preendoscopic sedatives. Gastrointest Endosc. 1983; 3:219-22.
    • (1983) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.3 , pp. 219-222
    • Cole, S.G.1    Brozinsky, S.2    Isenberg, J.I.3
  • 8
    • 0027819706 scopus 로고
    • The safety and efficacy of outpatient midazolam for oral surgery with and without fentanyl
    • Milgrom P, Beirne OR, Eiset L, Weinstein P, Tay KM, Martin M. The safety and efficacy of outpatient midazolam for oral surgery with and without fentanyl. Anesth Prog. 1993;40:57-62.
    • (1993) Anesth Prog , vol.40 , pp. 57-62
    • Milgrom, P.1    Beirne, O.R.2    Eiset, L.3    Weinstein, P.4    Tay, K.M.5    Martin, M.6
  • 9
    • 0027533674 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation in the emergency department
    • Wright SW, Chudnofsky CR, Dronen SC, et al. Comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:201-5.
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 201-205
    • Wright, S.W.1    Chudnofsky, C.R.2    Dronen, S.C.3
  • 10
    • 0027104188 scopus 로고
    • Propofol and midazolam for conscious sedation in a mentally retarded dental patient
    • Van der Bijl P, Roelofse JA. Propofol and midazolam for conscious sedation in a mentally retarded dental patient. Anesth Prog. 1992;38:36-7.
    • (1992) Anesth Prog , vol.38 , pp. 36-37
    • Van Der Bijl, P.1    Roelofse, J.A.2
  • 11
    • 0021812823 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam: The first water-soluble benzodiazepine, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy in insomnia and anesthesia
    • Kanto JH. Midazolam: the first water-soluble benzodiazepine, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy in insomnia and anesthesia. Pharmacotherapy. 1985;5:138-55.
    • (1985) Pharmacotherapy , vol.5 , pp. 138-155
    • Kanto, J.H.1
  • 12
    • 0027945343 scopus 로고
    • Conscious sedation of children
    • Baraff LJ. Conscious sedation of children. Ann Emerg Med. 1994; 24:1170-2.
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.24 , pp. 1170-1172
    • Baraff, L.J.1
  • 13
    • 0028438664 scopus 로고
    • An effect of oral and nasal midazolam for pediatric dental sedation
    • Hartgraves PM, Primosch RE. An effect of oral and nasal midazolam for pediatric dental sedation. J Dent Child. 1994;61:175-81.
    • (1994) J Dent Child , vol.61 , pp. 175-181
    • Hartgraves, P.M.1    Primosch, R.E.2
  • 14
    • 0025291555 scopus 로고
    • Possible intramuscular midazolam-associated cardiorespiratory arrest and death
    • Taylor JW, Simon KB. Possible intramuscular midazolam-associated cardiorespiratory arrest and death. DICP. 1990;24:695-7.
    • (1990) DICP , vol.24 , pp. 695-697
    • Taylor, J.W.1    Simon, K.B.2
  • 15
    • 0021364635 scopus 로고
    • Placental transfer of midazolam and its metabolite 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam in the pregnant ewe
    • Vree TB, Reekers-Ketting JJ, Fragen RJ, Arts THM. Placental transfer of midazolam and its metabolite 1-hydroxymethylmidazolam in the pregnant ewe. Anesth Anal. 1984;63:31-4.
    • (1984) Anesth Anal , vol.63 , pp. 31-34
    • Vree, T.B.1    Reekers-Ketting, J.J.2    Fragen, R.J.3    Arts, T.H.M.4
  • 16
    • 0003460676 scopus 로고
    • Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe JJ, eds. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    • Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe JJ, eds. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994.
    • (1994) Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation, 4th Ed.
  • 18
    • 0029075289 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged sedation due to accumulation of conjugated metabolites of midazolam
    • Baurer TM, Ritz R, Haberthur C, et al. Prolonged sedation due to accumulation of conjugated metabolites of midazolam. Lancet. 1995;346:145-7.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 145-147
    • Baurer, T.M.1    Ritz, R.2    Haberthur, C.3
  • 19
    • 0022325910 scopus 로고
    • Effect of single doses of cimetidine and ranitidine on the steady-state plasma levels of midazolam
    • Klotz U, Arvela P, Rosenkranz B. Effect of single doses of cimetidine and ranitidine on the steady-state plasma levels of midazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1985;38:652-5.
    • (1985) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.38 , pp. 652-655
    • Klotz, U.1    Arvela, P.2    Rosenkranz, B.3
  • 21
    • 0021825015 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam pharmacology and pharmacokinetics
    • Stanski DR, Hudson RJ. Midazolam pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Anesth Rev. 1985;12:21-3.
    • (1985) Anesth Rev , vol.12 , pp. 21-23
    • Stanski, D.R.1    Hudson, R.J.2
  • 22
    • 0024369467 scopus 로고
    • Decreased plasma albumin concentration results in increased volume of distribution and decreased elimination of midazolam in intensive care patients
    • Vree TB, Shimoda M, Driessen JJ. Decreased plasma albumin concentration results in increased volume of distribution and decreased elimination of midazolam in intensive care patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989;46:537-44.
    • (1989) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.46 , pp. 537-544
    • Vree, T.B.1    Shimoda, M.2    Driessen, J.J.3
  • 24
    • 0020029728 scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of benzodiazepine action
    • Study RE, Barker JL. Cellular mechanisms of benzodiazepine action. JAMA. 1982;247:2147-51.
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.247 , pp. 2147-2151
    • Study, R.E.1    Barker, J.L.2
  • 25
    • 0025748763 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of drugs frequently used in ICUs: Midazolam and flumazenil
    • Amrein R, Hetzel W. Pharmacology of drugs frequently used in ICUs: midazolam and flumazenil. Int Care Med. 1991;17:S1-S10.
    • (1991) Int Care Med , vol.17
    • Amrein, R.1    Hetzel, W.2
  • 26
    • 0023874171 scopus 로고
    • Continous intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Silvasi DL, Rosen DA, Rosen KR. Continous intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit. Anesth Analg. 1988;67:286-8.
    • (1988) Anesth Analg , vol.67 , pp. 286-288
    • Silvasi, D.L.1    Rosen, D.A.2    Rosen, K.R.3
  • 27
    • 0027163783 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam in the treatment of status epilepticus in children
    • Rivera R, Segnini M, Baltodano A, Perez V. Midazolam in the treatment of status epilepticus in children. Crit Care Med. 1993; 21:991-4.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 991-994
    • Rivera, R.1    Segnini, M.2    Baltodano, A.3    Perez, V.4
  • 28
    • 0027948145 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory generalized status epilepticus with continuous infusion of midazolam
    • Parent JM, Lowenstein DH. Treatment of refractory generalized status epilepticus with continuous infusion of midazolam. Neurology. 1994;44:1837-40.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1837-1840
    • Parent, J.M.1    Lowenstein, D.H.2
  • 29
    • 0028198570 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous versus intramuscular midazolam in treatment of chemically induced generalized seizures in swine
    • Orebaugh SL, Bradford SM. Intravenous versus intramuscular midazolam in treatment of chemically induced generalized seizures in swine. Am J Emerg Med. 1994;12:284-7.
    • (1994) Am J Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 284-287
    • Orebaugh, S.L.1    Bradford, S.M.2
  • 30
    • 0026536735 scopus 로고
    • The use of intramuscular midazolam for acute seizure cessation or behavioral emergencies in patients with traumatic brain injury
    • Wroblewski BA, Joseph AB. The use of intramuscular midazolam for acute seizure cessation or behavioral emergencies in patients with traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1992;15:44-9.
    • (1992) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 44-49
    • Wroblewski, B.A.1    Joseph, A.B.2
  • 32
    • 0028929880 scopus 로고
    • Rapid-sequence induction technique for orotracheal intubation of adult nontrauma patients in a community hospital setting
    • Kenny JF, Molloy K, Pollock M, Ortiz MT. Rapid-sequence induction technique for orotracheal intubation of adult nontrauma patients in a community hospital setting. Ann Emerg Med. 1995; 25:432-3.
    • (1995) Ann Emerg Med , vol.25 , pp. 432-433
    • Kenny, J.F.1    Molloy, K.2    Pollock, M.3    Ortiz, M.T.4
  • 33
    • 0023880482 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor and airway smooth muscle relaxation
    • Raeburn D, Miller LG, Summer WR. Peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor and airway smooth muscle relaxation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988;245:557-62.
    • (1988) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.245 , pp. 557-562
    • Raeburn, D.1    Miller, L.G.2    Summer, W.R.3
  • 34
    • 0026680233 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the relaxant effects of diazepam, flunitrazepam and midazolam on airway smooth muscle
    • Koga Y, Sato S, Sodeyama N, et al. Comparison of the relaxant effects of diazepam, flunitrazepam and midazolam on airway smooth muscle. Br J Anaesth. 1992;69:65-9.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.69 , pp. 65-69
    • Koga, Y.1    Sato, S.2    Sodeyama, N.3
  • 35
    • 0023784299 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam by mouth as premedicants in children undergoing otolaryngological surgery
    • Saarnivaara L, Lindgren L, Klemola UM. Comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam by mouth as premedicants in children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1988;61:390-6.
    • (1988) Br J Anaesth , vol.61 , pp. 390-396
    • Saarnivaara, L.1    Lindgren, L.2    Klemola, U.M.3
  • 36
    • 0023748522 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of rectal to intramuscular administration of midazolam and atropine for premedication of children
    • DeJong PC, Verburg MP. Comparison of rectal to intramuscular administration of midazolam and atropine for premedication of children. Acta Anaesth Scand. 1988;32:485-9.
    • (1988) Acta Anaesth Scand , vol.32 , pp. 485-489
    • DeJong, P.C.1    Verburg, M.P.2
  • 37
    • 0024953318 scopus 로고
    • Direct comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation in outpatient oral surgery
    • Coughlin MW, Panuska HJ. Direct comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation in outpatient oral surgery. Anesth Prog. 1989;36:150-68.
    • (1989) Anesth Prog , vol.36 , pp. 150-168
    • Coughlin, M.W.1    Panuska, H.J.2
  • 38
    • 0027442133 scopus 로고
    • Options for sedating children
    • Green CJ. Options for sedating children. West J Med. 1993;159: 596-7.
    • (1993) West J Med , vol.159 , pp. 596-597
    • Green, C.J.1
  • 39
    • 0027531046 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intramuscular meperidine and promethazine with and without chlorpromazine: A randomized, prospective, double-blind trial
    • Terndrup TE, Dire DJ, Madden CM, Gavula D, Cantor RM. Comparison of intramuscular meperidine and promethazine with and without chlorpromazine: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:206-11.
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 206-211
    • Terndrup, T.E.1    Dire, D.J.2    Madden, C.M.3    Gavula, D.4    Cantor, R.M.5
  • 40
    • 0027931726 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of intranasal sufentanil and midazolam to intramuscular meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine for conscious sedation in children
    • Bates BA, Schutzman SA, Fleisher GR. A comparison of intranasal sufentanil and midazolam to intramuscular meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine for conscious sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;24:646-51.
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.24 , pp. 646-651
    • Bates, B.A.1    Schutzman, S.A.2    Fleisher, G.R.3
  • 41
    • 0022448115 scopus 로고
    • Phenothiazine and butyrophenone intoxication in children
    • Knight ME, Roberts RJ. Phenothiazine and butyrophenone intoxication in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986;33:299-309.
    • (1986) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.33 , pp. 299-309
    • Knight, M.E.1    Roberts, R.J.2
  • 43
    • 0025889715 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam for conscious sedation during pediatric oncology procedures: Safety and recovery parameters
    • Sievers TD, Yee JD, Foley ME, Blanding PJ, Berde CB. Midazolam for conscious sedation during pediatric oncology procedures: safety and recovery parameters. Pediatrics. 1991;88:1172-9.
    • (1991) Pediatrics , vol.88 , pp. 1172-1179
    • Sievers, T.D.1    Yee, J.D.2    Foley, M.E.3    Blanding, P.J.4    Berde, C.B.5
  • 44
    • 0022575353 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline fails to reverse conscious sedation with midazolam in dentistry
    • Rodrigo CR, Rosenquist JB. Aminophylline fails to reverse conscious sedation with midazolam in dentistry. Anesth Prog. 1986; 33:152-4.
    • (1986) Anesth Prog , vol.33 , pp. 152-154
    • Rodrigo, C.R.1    Rosenquist, J.B.2
  • 45
    • 0027086924 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of central nervous system effects by flumazenil after intravenous conscious sedation with midazolam: Report of a multicenter clinical study
    • Chemik DA, Clark MS, Davidson AB, et al. Reversal of central nervous system effects by flumazenil after intravenous conscious sedation with midazolam: report of a multicenter clinical study. Clin Ther. 1992;14:861-77.
    • (1992) Clin Ther , vol.14 , pp. 861-877
    • Chemik, D.A.1    Clark, M.S.2    Davidson, A.B.3
  • 46
    • 0027081419 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of central benzodiazepine effects by intravenous flumazenil after conscious sedation with midazolam and opioids: A multicenter clinical study
    • Berman L, Chernik DA, Cooper SA, et al. Reversal of central benzodiazepine effects by intravenous flumazenil after conscious sedation with midazolam and opioids: a multicenter clinical study. Clin Ther. 1992;14:878-94.
    • (1992) Clin Ther , vol.14 , pp. 878-894
    • Berman, L.1    Chernik, D.A.2    Cooper, S.A.3
  • 47
    • 0025985938 scopus 로고
    • Flumazenil antagonism of midazolam-induced ventilatory depression
    • Gross JB, Weller RS, Conard P. Flumazenil antagonism of midazolam-induced ventilatory depression. Anesthesiology. 1991;75: 179-85.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75 , pp. 179-185
    • Gross, J.B.1    Weller, R.S.2    Conard, P.3
  • 48
    • 0024547702 scopus 로고
    • Effects of diazepam and flumazenil on sedation and ventilatory response
    • Mora CT, Torjman M, White PF. Effects of diazepam and flumazenil on sedation and ventilatory response. Anesth Anal. 1989;68: 473-8.
    • (1989) Anesth Anal , vol.68 , pp. 473-478
    • Mora, C.T.1    Torjman, M.2    White, P.F.3
  • 49
    • 0027362238 scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of escalating doses of flumazenil for reversal of suspected benzodiazepine overdose in the emergency department
    • Spivey WH, Roberts JR, Derlet RW. A clinical trial of escalating doses of flumazenil for reversal of suspected benzodiazepine overdose in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22: 1813-21.
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 1813-1821
    • Spivey, W.H.1    Roberts, J.R.2    Derlet, R.W.3
  • 51
    • 0026496503 scopus 로고
    • Seizures after flumazenil administration in a case of combined benzodiazepine and tricyclic antidepressant overdose
    • Mordel A, Winkler E, Almog S, Tirosh M, Ezra D. Seizures after flumazenil administration in a case of combined benzodiazepine and tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Crit Care Med. 1992;20: 1733-4.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 1733-1734
    • Mordel, A.1    Winkler, E.2    Almog, S.3    Tirosh, M.4    Ezra, D.5
  • 52
    • 0026734377 scopus 로고
    • Flumazenil in mixed benzodiazepine/tricyclic antidepressant overdose: A placebo controlled study in the dog
    • Lheureux P, Vranckx M, Leduc D, Askenasi R. Flumazenil in mixed benzodiazepine/tricyclic antidepressant overdose: a placebo controlled study in the dog. Am J Emerg Med. 1992;10:184-8.
    • (1992) Am J Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 184-188
    • Lheureux, P.1    Vranckx, M.2    Leduc, D.3    Askenasi, R.4
  • 53
    • 0027996647 scopus 로고
    • Emergence delirium in a child given oral midazolam for conscious sedation
    • Doyle WL. Perrin L. Emergence delirium in a child given oral midazolam for conscious sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 1994:24: 1173-5.
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.24 , pp. 1173-1175
    • Doyle, W.L.1    Perrin, L.2
  • 54
    • 0025043696 scopus 로고
    • Oral midazolam preanesthetic medication in pediatric outpatients
    • Feld LH. Negus JB. White PF. Oral midazolam preanesthetic medication in pediatric outpatients. Anesthiology. 1990;73:831-4.
    • (1990) Anesthiology , vol.73 , pp. 831-834
    • Feld, L.H.1    Negus, J.B.2    White, P.F.3
  • 55
    • 84919591096 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam - Is antagonism justified?
    • Anonymous, Midazolam - is antagonism justified? Lancet. 1988; 2:388-9.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 388-389
  • 56
    • 0003943606 scopus 로고
    • Olin BR. ed. St Louis: Facts and Comparisons
    • Olin BR. ed. Drug facts and comparisons, 47th ed. St Louis: Facts and Comparisons; 1994.
    • (1994) Drug Facts and Comparisons, 47th Ed.
  • 57
    • 0025157994 scopus 로고
    • The effect of oral midazolam on anxiety of preschool children during laceration repair
    • Hennes HM, Wagner V. Bonadio WA, et al. The effect of oral midazolam on anxiety of preschool children during laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 1990:1006-9.
    • (1990) Ann Emerg Med , pp. 1006-1009
    • Hennes, H.M.1    Wagner, V.2    Bonadio, W.A.3
  • 58
    • 0028127484 scopus 로고
    • Nasal versus oral midazolam for sedation of anxious children undergoing laceration repair
    • Connors K, Terndrup TE. Nasal versus oral midazolam for sedation of anxious children undergoing laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;24:1074-9.
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.24 , pp. 1074-1079
    • Connors, K.1    Terndrup, T.E.2
  • 60
    • 0029960883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intranasal midazolam and sufentanil premedication in pediatric out patients
    • Zedie N. Amory DW, Wagner BK, O'Hara DA. Comparison of intranasal midazolam and sufentanil premedication in pediatric out patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996;59:341-8.
    • (1996) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.59 , pp. 341-348
    • Zedie, N.1    Amory, D.W.2    Wagner, B.K.3    O'Hara, D.A.4
  • 61
    • 0028063220 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of rectal midazolam for the sedation of preschool children undergoing laceration repair
    • Shane SA, Fuchs SM. Rhine H. Efficacy of rectal midazolam for the sedation of preschool children undergoing laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;24:1065-73.
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.24 , pp. 1065-1073
    • Shane, S.A.1    Fuchs, S.M.2    Rhine, H.3
  • 62
    • 0027568148 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance to intravenous midazolam as a result of oral benzodiazepine therapy: A potential problem for the provision of conscious sedation in dentistry
    • Robb ND, Hargrave SA. Tolerance to intravenous midazolam as a result of oral benzodiazepine therapy: a potential problem for the provision of conscious sedation in dentistry. Anesth Pain Cont Dent. 1993;2:94-7.
    • (1993) Anesth Pain Cont Dent , vol.2 , pp. 94-97
    • Robb, N.D.1    Hargrave, S.A.2
  • 63
    • 0025167449 scopus 로고
    • Midazolamtenianyl intravenous sedation in children: Case report of respiratory arrest
    • Vaster M. Nichols DG. Deshpande JK, Wetzel RC. Midazolamtenianyl intravenous sedation in children: case report of respiratory arrest/Pediatrics. 1990;86:463-7.
    • (1990) Pediatrics , vol.86 , pp. 463-467
    • Vaster, M.1    Nichols, D.G.2    Deshpande, J.K.3    Wetzel, R.C.4
  • 64
    • 0026689372 scopus 로고
    • Intensive surveillance of midazolam use in hospitalized patients and the occurrence of cardiopulmonary arrest
    • Classen DC. Pestonik SL. Evans RS, Burke JP. Intensive surveillance of midazolam use in hospitalized patients and the occurrence of cardiopulmonary arrest. Pharmacotherapy. 1992;12:213-6.
    • (1992) Pharmacotherapy , vol.12 , pp. 213-216
    • Classen, D.C.1    Pestonik, S.L.2    Evans, R.S.3    Burke, J.P.4
  • 66
    • 0023809078 scopus 로고
    • Effect of conscious sedation with midazolam on oxygen saturation
    • Rodrigo MRC, Rosenquist JB. Effect of conscious sedation with midazolam on oxygen saturation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988; 46:746-50.
    • (1988) J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.46 , pp. 746-750
    • Rodrigo, M.R.C.1    Rosenquist, J.B.2
  • 67
    • 0025131477 scopus 로고
    • Ineffective ventilation during conscious sedation due to chest wall rigidity after intravenous midazolam and fentanyl
    • Ackerman WE, Phero JC, Theodore GT. Ineffective ventilation during conscious sedation due to chest wall rigidity after intravenous midazolam and fentanyl. Anesth Prog. 1990:46-8.
    • (1990) Anesth Prog , pp. 46-48
    • Ackerman, W.E.1    Phero, J.C.2    Theodore, G.T.3
  • 68
    • 0026541149 scopus 로고
    • Slow injection does not prevent midazolam-induced ventilatory depression
    • Alexander CM, Teller LE, Gross .IB. Slow injection does not prevent midazolam-induced ventilatory depression. Anesth Anal. 1992;74:260-4.
    • (1992) Anesth Anal , vol.74 , pp. 260-264
    • Alexander, C.M.1    Teller, L.E.2    Gross, I.B.3
  • 69
    • 0023428516 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam-induced ventricular irritability
    • Arcos GJ. Midazolam-induced ventricular irritability. Anesthiology. 1987;67:612.
    • (1987) Anesthiology , vol.67 , pp. 612
    • Arcos, G.J.1
  • 70
    • 0026500921 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam-induced angioedema and bronchoconstriction
    • Yakel DL, Whittaker S, Eislad MR. Midazolam-induced angioedema and bronchoconstriction. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:307-8.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 307-308
    • Yakel, D.L.1    Whittaker, S.2    Eislad, M.R.3
  • 71
    • 0028111257 scopus 로고
    • Anaphylactoid reaction to miduzolam
    • Fujita Y, Ishikawa H, Yokota K. Anaphylactoid reaction to miduzolam. Anesth Anal. 1994;79:808-18.
    • (1994) Anesth Anal , vol.79 , pp. 808-818
    • Fujita, Y.1    Ishikawa, H.2    Yokota, K.3
  • 72
    • 0023730326 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam disinhibition reaction
    • Lobo BL, Miwa L.I. Midazolam disinhibition reaction. DICP. 1988;22:725.
    • (1988) DICP , vol.22 , pp. 725
    • Lobo, B.L.1    Miwa, L.I.2
  • 74
    • 0027146382 scopus 로고
    • Midazolam-induced athetoid movements of the lower extremities during epidural anesthesia reversed by physostigmine
    • Vorsanger GJ, Roberts JT. Midazolam-induced athetoid movements of the lower extremities during epidural anesthesia reversed by physostigmine. J Clin Anesth. 1993;5:494-6.
    • (1993) J Clin Anesth , vol.5 , pp. 494-496
    • Vorsanger, G.J.1    Roberts, J.T.2
  • 75
    • 0025940481 scopus 로고
    • Reversible neurologic abnormalities associated with prolonged intravenous midazolam and fentanyl administration
    • Bergman I. Sleeves M, Buckart G. Thompson A. Reversible neurologic abnormalities associated with prolonged intravenous midazolam and fentanyl administration. J Pedtatr. 1991;119:644-9.
    • (1991) J Pedtatr , vol.119 , pp. 644-649
    • Bergman, I.1    Sleeves, M.2    Buckart, G.3    Thompson, A.4
  • 76
    • 0027192054 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine withdrawal reaction in two children following discontinuation of sedation with midazolam
    • Van Engelen BGM. Gimbrere JS, Booy LH. Benzodiazepine withdrawal reaction in two children following discontinuation of sedation with midazolam. Ann Pharmacother. 1993;27:579-81.
    • (1993) Ann Pharmacother , vol.27 , pp. 579-581
    • Van Engelen, B.G.M.1    Gimbrere, J.S.2    Booy, L.H.3
  • 77
    • 0023786972 scopus 로고
    • Anterograde amnesia as a possible postoperative complication of midazolam as an agent for intravenous conscious sedation
    • Malamed SF. Nikchevich D, Block J. Anterograde amnesia as a possible postoperative complication of midazolam as an agent for intravenous conscious sedation. Anesth Prog. 1988;35:160-2.
    • (1988) Anesth Prog , vol.35 , pp. 160-162
    • Malamed, S.F.1    Nikchevich, D.2    Block, J.3
  • 79
    • 0022398138 scopus 로고
    • Omperazole inhibits oxidative drug metabolism, studies with diazepam and phenytoin in vivo and 7-ethoxycoumarin in vitro
    • Gugler R, Jensen JC. Omperazole inhibits oxidative drug metabolism, studies with diazepam and phenytoin in vivo and 7-ethoxycoumarin in vitro. Gastroenterology. 1985;89:1235-41.
    • (1985) Gastroenterology , vol.89 , pp. 1235-1241
    • Gugler, R.1    Jensen, J.C.2
  • 80
    • 0027477751 scopus 로고
    • A potentially hazardous interaction between erythromycin and midazolam
    • Olkkola KT, Aranko K, Luurila H. et al. A potentially hazardous interaction between erythromycin and midazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993;53:298-305.
    • (1993) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.53 , pp. 298-305
    • Olkkola, K.T.1    Aranko, K.2    Luurila, H.3
  • 83
    • 0025972972 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of the benzodiazepine-theophylline interaction
    • Bonfiglio MF, Dasta JF. Clinical significance of the benzodiazepine-theophylline interaction. Pharmacotherapy. 1991;11:85-7.
    • (1991) Pharmacotherapy , vol.11 , pp. 85-87
    • Bonfiglio, M.F.1    Dasta, J.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.