Torsade de pointes associated with the administration of intravenous haloperidol: A review of the literature and practical guidelines for use

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

Volumn 2, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 543-547

  Hassaballa, A ^a   Balk, Robert A ^a  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiac arrhythmia; delirium; drug toxicity; haloperidol; torsade de pointes

Indexed keywords

HALOPERIDOL; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; DOSE RESPONSE; HUMAN; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; TORSADE DES POINTES;

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; HALOPERIDOL; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRAVENOUS; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; TORSADES DE POINTES;

EID: 2142695682     PISSN: 14740338     EISSN: 1744764X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2.6.543     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. JACOBI J, FRASER GL, COURSIN DB et al.: Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit. Care Med. (2002) 30:119-141. (Pubitemid 34112188)
2. AYD FJ Jr: Haloperidol: twenty years' clinical experience. J. Clin. Psychiatry (1978) 39:807-814.
3. SETTLE ED Jr, AYD FJ Jr: Haloperidol: a quarter century of experience. J. Clin. Psychiatry (1983) 44:440-448.
4. RIKER RR, FRASER GL, COX PM: Continuous infusion of haloperidol controls agitation in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. (1994) 22:433-440. (Pubitemid 24085295)
5. SANDERS KM, MURRAY GB, CASSEM NH: High dose intravenous haloperidol for agitated delirium in a cardiac patient on intra-aortic balloon pump. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1991) 11:146-147.
6. TAYLOR DM: Antipsychotics and QT prolongation. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (2003) 107:85-95. (Pubitemid 36164475)
7. DOUGLAS PH, BLOCK PC: Corrected QT interval prolongation associated with intravenous haloperidol in acute coronary syndromes. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. (2000) 50:352-355. (Pubitemid 30439385)
8. GLASSMAN AH, BIGGER JT: Antipsychotic drugs: prolonged QTc interval, torsade de pointes, and sudden death. Am. J. Psychiatry (2001) 158:1774-1782. (Pubitemid 33054769)
9. HATTA K, TAKAHASHI T, NAKAMURA H et al.: The association between intravenous haloperidol and prolonged QT interval. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2001) 21:257-261. (Pubitemid 32452929)
10. CZEKALLA J, KOLLACK-WALKER S, BEASLEY CM: Cardiac safety parameters of olanzapine: comparison with other atypical and typical antipsychotics. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2001) 62(Suppl. 2):35-40. (Pubitemid 32154140)
11. TISDALE JE, RASTY S, PADHI D, SHARMA ND, ROSMAN H: The effect of haloperidol on QT interval dispersion in critically ill patients: comparison with QT interval prolongation for assessment of risk of torsade de pointes. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2001) 41:1310-1318. (Pubitemid 33104898)
12. ZEE-CHENG C, MUELLER CE, SEIFERT CF et al.: Haloperidol and torsade de pointes. Ann. Intern. Med. (1985) 102:418.
13. SENEFF MG, MATHEWS RA: Use of haloperidol infusions to control delirium in critically ill adults. Ann. Pharmacother. (1995) 29:690-693.
14. METZGER E, FRIEDMAN R: Prolongation of the corrected QT and torsade de pointes cardiac arrhythmia associated with intravenous haloperidol in the medically ill. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1993) 13:128-132. (Pubitemid 23087229)
15. HUNT N, STERN TA: The association between intravenous haloperidol and torsade de pointes: three cases and a literature review. Psychosomatics (1995) 36:541-549.
16. O'BRIEN JM, ROCKWOOD RP, SUH KI: Haloperidol-induced torsade de pointes. Ann. Pharmacother. (1999) 33:1046-1050. (Pubitemid 29489985)
17. SHARMA ND, ROSMAN HS, PADHI ID, TISDALE JE: Torsade de pointes associated with intravenous haloperidol in critically ill patients. Am. J. Cardiol. (1998) 81:238-240. (Pubitemid 28057213)
18. DI SALVO TG, O'GARA PT: Torsade de pointes caused by high-dose intravenous haloperidol in cardiac patients. Clin. Cardiol. (1995) 18:285-290.
19. WILT JL, MINNEMA AM, JOHNSON RF, ROSENBLUM AM: Torsade de pointes associated with the use of intravenous haloperidol. Ann. Intern. Med. (1993) 119:391-394. (Pubitemid 23310089)
20. PERRAULT LP, DENAULT A, CARRIER M, CARTIER R, BELISLE S: Torsade de pointes secondary to intravenous haloperidol after coronary bypass grafting surgery. Can. J. Anesth. (2000) 47:251-254.
21. LAWRENCE KR, NASRAWAY SA: Conduction disturbances associated with administration of butyrophenone antipsychotics in the critically ill: a review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy (1997) 17:531-537. (Pubitemid 27227557)
22. MODESTIN J, KRAPF R, BOKER W: A fatality during haloperidol treatment: mechanism of sudden death. Am. J. Psychiatry (1981) 138:1616-1617. (Pubitemid 12242830)
23. VELTKAMP R: [Sudden death following a single oral administration of haloperidol]. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. (2002) 146:1301. Dutch.
24. GREENE YM, MCDONALD VM, DUGGAN J, COOPER R: Ventricular ectopy associated with low-dose intravenous haloperidol and electroconvulsive therapy. J. ECT (2000) 16:309-311.
25. DESERTENNE F: [Ventricular tachycardia with 2 variable opposing foci]. Arch. Mal. Coeur (1966) 59:263-272. French.
26. JACKMAN WM, FRIDAY KJ, ANDERSON JL et al.: The long QT syndromes: a critical review, new clinical observations, and a unifying hypothesis. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. (1988) 31:115-172.
27. LAASKO M, ABERG A, SAVOLA J et al.: Diseases and drugs causing prolongation of the QT interval. Am. J. Cardiol. (1987) 59:862-865. (Pubitemid 17061302)
28. MARTIN TG: Advanced life support in the poisoned patient (TOX ACLS). In: Clinical Toxicology. Ford MD et al. (Eds), WB Saunders, Philadelphia (2001):12-20.
29. KEMPER AJ, DUNLAP R, PIETRO DA: Thioridazine-induced torsade de pointes. Successful therapy with isoproterenol. JAMA (1983) 249:2931-2934. (Pubitemid 13096144)
30. FOWLER NO, MCCALL D, CHOU TC, HOLMES JC, HANENSON IB: Electrocardiographic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in patients receiving psychotropic drugs. Am. J. Cardiol. (1976) 37:223-230.
31. OGATA N, NARAHASHI T: Block of sodium channels by psychotropic drugs in single guinea-pig cardiac myocytes. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1989) 97:905-913. (Pubitemid 19168726)
32. GOULD RJ, MURPHY KM, REYNOLDS IJ, SNYDER SH: Calcium channel blockade: possible explanation for thioridazine's peripheral side effects. Am. J. Psychiatry (1984) 141:352-357. (Pubitemid 14194834)
33. FLAIM SF, BRANNAN MD, SWIGART SC et al.: Neuroleptic drugs attenuate calcium influx and tension development in rabbit thoracic aorta: effects of pimozide, penfluridol, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1985) 82:1237-1241. (Pubitemid 15100530)
34. HENDERSON RA, LANE S, HENRY JA: Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia (torsade de pointes) after haloperidol overdose. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. (1991) 10:59-62.
35. KRIWISKY M, PERRY GY, TARCHITSKY D, GUTMAN Y, KISHON Y: Haloperidol-induced torsade de pointes. Chest (1990) 98:482-484.
36. JACKSON T, DITMANSON L, BRENDAN P: Torsade de pointes and low-dose oral haloperidol. Arch. Intern. Med. (1997) 157:2013-2015. (Pubitemid 27398366)
37. CARR AA, MEYER DR: Synthesis of terfenadine. Arzneimittelforschung (1982) 32:1157-1159. (Pubitemid 12035867)
38. HONIG PK, WORTHAM DC, ZAMANI K, CONNER DP, MULLIN JC, CANTILENA LR: Terfenadine-ketoconazole interaction. Pharmacokinetic and elecrocardiographic consequences. JAMA (1993) 269:1513-1518. (Pubitemid 23086411)
39. MATHEWS DR, MCNUTT B, OKERHOLM R, FLICKER M, MCBRIDE G: Torsade de pointes occurring in association with terfenadine use. JAMA (1991) 266:2375-2376.
40. WOOSLEY RL, CHEN Y, FREIMAN JP, GILLIS RA: Mechanism of the cardiotoxic actions of terfenadine. JAMA (1993) 269:1532-1536. (Pubitemid 23086414)
41. MICHALETS EL, SMITH LK, VAN TASSEL ED: Torsade de pointes resulting from the addition of droperidol to an existing cytochrome P450 drug interaction. Ann. Pharmacother. (1998) 32:761-765. (Pubitemid 28341108)
42. TESAR GE, MURRAY GB, CASEEM NH: Use of high-dose intravenous haloperidol in the treatment of agitated cardiac patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1985) 5:344-347. (Pubitemid 16213899)
43. FERNANDEZ F, HOLMES VF, ADAMS F, KAVANAUGH JJ: Treatment of severe, refractory agitation with a haloperidol drip. J. Clin. Psychiatry (1988) 49:239-241.
44. AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION: Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation (2000) 102(Suppl. I):I-1-I-384.