메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2013, Pages

Alpha-Synuclein Induces Lysosomal Rupture and Cathepsin Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Following Endocytosis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; CATHEPSIN B; GALECTIN 3; INFLAMMASOME; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; CATHEPSIN;

EID: 84876722731     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062143     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (200)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 69149089854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of alpha-synuclein
    • Desplats P, Lee HJ, Bae EJ, Patrick C, Rockenstein E, et al. (2009) Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of alpha-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 13010-13015.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 13010-13015
    • Desplats, P.1    Lee, H.J.2    Bae, E.J.3    Patrick, C.4    Rockenstein, E.5
  • 2
    • 79551519276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • alpha-Synuclein propagates from mouse brain to grafted dopaminergic neurons and seeds aggregation in cultured human cells
    • Hansen C, Angot E, Bergstrom AL, Steiner JA, Pieri L, et al. (2011) alpha-Synuclein propagates from mouse brain to grafted dopaminergic neurons and seeds aggregation in cultured human cells. J Clin Invest 121: 715-725.
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , pp. 715-725
    • Hansen, C.1    Angot, E.2    Bergstrom, A.L.3    Steiner, J.A.4    Pieri, L.5
  • 3
    • 72149119358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous alpha-synuclein fibrils seed the formation of Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions in cultured cells
    • Luk KC, Song C, O'Brien P, Stieber A, Branch JR, et al. (2009) Exogenous alpha-synuclein fibrils seed the formation of Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions in cultured cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 20051-20056.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 20051-20056
    • Luk, K.C.1    Song, C.2    O'Brien, P.3    Stieber, A.4    Branch, J.R.5
  • 5
    • 80051707299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A deadly spread: cellular mechanisms of alpha-synuclein transfer
    • Steiner JA, Angot E, Brundin P, (2011) A deadly spread: cellular mechanisms of alpha-synuclein transfer. Cell Death Differ 18: 1425-1433.
    • (2011) Cell Death Differ , vol.18 , pp. 1425-1433
    • Steiner, J.A.1    Angot, E.2    Brundin, P.3
  • 6
    • 0032540327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of alpha-synuclein secondary structure upon binding to synthetic membranes
    • Davidson WS, Jonas A, Clayton DF, George JM, (1998) Stabilization of alpha-synuclein secondary structure upon binding to synthetic membranes. J Biol Chem 273: 9443-9449.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 9443-9449
    • Davidson, W.S.1    Jonas, A.2    Clayton, D.F.3    George, J.M.4
  • 7
    • 82755176258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane Curvature Sensing by Amphipathic Helices: A SINGLE LIPOSOME STUDY USING alpha-SYNUCLEIN AND ANNEXIN B12
    • Jensen MB, Bhatia VK, Jao CC, Rasmussen JE, Pedersen SL, et al. (2011) Membrane Curvature Sensing by Amphipathic Helices: A SINGLE LIPOSOME STUDY USING alpha-SYNUCLEIN AND ANNEXIN B12. J Biol Chem 286: 42603-42614.
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 42603-42614
    • Jensen, M.B.1    Bhatia, V.K.2    Jao, C.C.3    Rasmussen, J.E.4    Pedersen, S.L.5
  • 8
    • 77957775523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane curvature induction and tubulation are common features of synucleins and apolipoproteins
    • Varkey J, Isas JM, Mizuno N, Jensen MB, Bhatia VK, et al. (2010) Membrane curvature induction and tubulation are common features of synucleins and apolipoproteins. J Biol Chem 285: 32486-32493.
    • (2010) J Biol Chem , vol.285 , pp. 32486-32493
    • Varkey, J.1    Isas, J.M.2    Mizuno, N.3    Jensen, M.B.4    Bhatia, V.K.5
  • 9
    • 13444311651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenovirus protein VI mediates membrane disruption following capsid disassembly
    • Wiethoff CM, Wodrich H, Gerace L, Nemerow GR, (2005) Adenovirus protein VI mediates membrane disruption following capsid disassembly. J Virol 79: 1992-2000.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 1992-2000
    • Wiethoff, C.M.1    Wodrich, H.2    Gerace, L.3    Nemerow, G.R.4
  • 10
    • 77952577600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An N-terminal domain of adenovirus protein VI fragments membranes by inducing positive membrane curvature
    • Maier O, Galan DL, Wodrich H, Wiethoff CM, (2010) An N-terminal domain of adenovirus protein VI fragments membranes by inducing positive membrane curvature. Virology 402: 11-19.
    • (2010) Virology , vol.402 , pp. 11-19
    • Maier, O.1    Galan, D.L.2    Wodrich, H.3    Wiethoff, C.M.4
  • 11
    • 80055021939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenovirus type 5 rupture of lysosomes leads to cathepsin B-dependent mitochondrial stress and production of reactive oxygen species
    • McGuire KA, Barlan AU, Griffin TM, Wiethoff CM, (2011) Adenovirus type 5 rupture of lysosomes leads to cathepsin B-dependent mitochondrial stress and production of reactive oxygen species. J Virol 85: 10806-10813.
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.85 , pp. 10806-10813
    • McGuire, K.A.1    Barlan, A.U.2    Griffin, T.M.3    Wiethoff, C.M.4
  • 12
    • 79952621850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lysosomal localization and mechanism of membrane penetration influence nonenveloped virus activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome
    • Barlan AU, Danthi P, Wiethoff CM, (2011) Lysosomal localization and mechanism of membrane penetration influence nonenveloped virus activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Virology 412: 306-314.
    • (2011) Virology , vol.412 , pp. 306-314
    • Barlan, A.U.1    Danthi, P.2    Wiethoff, C.M.3
  • 13
    • 78650038649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenovirus membrane penetration activates the NLRP3 inflammasome
    • Barlan AU, Griffin TM, McGuire KA, Wiethoff CM, (2011) Adenovirus membrane penetration activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Virol 85: 146-155.
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.85 , pp. 146-155
    • Barlan, A.U.1    Griffin, T.M.2    McGuire, K.A.3    Wiethoff, C.M.4
  • 14
    • 21344456506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravesicular localization and exocytosis of alpha-synuclein and its aggregates
    • Lee HJ, Patel S, Lee SJ, (2005) Intravesicular localization and exocytosis of alpha-synuclein and its aggregates. J Neurosci 25: 6016-6024.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 6016-6024
    • Lee, H.J.1    Patel, S.2    Lee, S.J.3
  • 15
    • 0035920226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of neuronal cell death by Rab5A-dependent endocytosis of alpha-synuclein
    • Sung JY, Kim J, Paik SR, Park JH, Ahn YS, et al. (2001) Induction of neuronal cell death by Rab5A-dependent endocytosis of alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 276: 27441-27448.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 27441-27448
    • Sung, J.Y.1    Kim, J.2    Paik, S.R.3    Park, J.H.4    Ahn, Y.S.5
  • 16
    • 25644442285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type alpha-synuclein interacts with pro-apoptotic proteins PKCdelta and BAD to protect dopaminergic neuronal cells against MPP+-induced apoptotic cell death
    • Kaul S, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG, (2005) Wild-type alpha-synuclein interacts with pro-apoptotic proteins PKCdelta and BAD to protect dopaminergic neuronal cells against MPP+-induced apoptotic cell death. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 139: 137-152.
    • (2005) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.139 , pp. 137-152
    • Kaul, S.1    Anantharam, V.2    Kanthasamy, A.3    Kanthasamy, A.G.4
  • 17
    • 80052695709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When galectins recognize glycans: from biochemistry to physiology and back again
    • Di Lella S, Sundblad V, Cerliani JP, Guardia CM, Estrin DA, et al. (2011) When galectins recognize glycans: from biochemistry to physiology and back again. Biochemistry 50: 7842-7857.
    • (2011) Biochemistry , vol.50 , pp. 7842-7857
    • Di Lella, S.1    Sundblad, V.2    Cerliani, J.P.3    Guardia, C.M.4    Estrin, D.A.5
  • 19
    • 77954289641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the dynamic interplay between bacterial and host factors during pathogen-induced vacuole rupture in real time
    • Ray K, Bobard A, Danckaert A, Paz-Haftel I, Clair C, et al. (2010) Tracking the dynamic interplay between bacterial and host factors during pathogen-induced vacuole rupture in real time. Cell Microbiol 12: 545-556.
    • (2010) Cell Microbiol , vol.12 , pp. 545-556
    • Ray, K.1    Bobard, A.2    Danckaert, A.3    Paz-Haftel, I.4    Clair, C.5
  • 20
    • 84857071710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion
    • Thurston TL, Wandel MP, von Muhlinen N, Foeglein A, Randow F, (2012) Galectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion. Nature 482: 414-418.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.482 , pp. 414-418
    • Thurston, T.L.1    Wandel, M.P.2    von Muhlinen, N.3    Foeglein, A.4    Randow, F.5
  • 23
    • 0141741347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models
    • Dauer W, Przedborski S, (2003) Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron 39: 889-909.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.39 , pp. 889-909
    • Dauer, W.1    Przedborski, S.2
  • 24
    • 54949137644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cell death
    • Boya P, Kroemer G, (2008) Lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cell death. Oncogene 27: 6434-6451.
    • (2008) Oncogene , vol.27 , pp. 6434-6451
    • Boya, P.1    Kroemer, G.2
  • 25
    • 84861671713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications
    • Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B, (2012) Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications. Exp Cell Res 318: 1245-1251.
    • (2012) Exp Cell Res , vol.318 , pp. 1245-1251
    • Cesen, M.H.1    Pegan, K.2    Spes, A.3    Turk, B.4
  • 26
    • 47849085872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta
    • Halle A, Hornung V, Petzold GC, Stewart CR, Monks BG, et al. (2008) The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta. Nat Immunol 9: 857-865.
    • (2008) Nat Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 857-865
    • Halle, A.1    Hornung, V.2    Petzold, G.C.3    Stewart, C.R.4    Monks, B.G.5
  • 27
    • 2542455473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging dynamic redox changes in mammalian cells with green fluorescent protein indicators
    • Dooley CT, Dore TM, Hanson GT, Jackson WC, Remington SJ, et al. (2004) Imaging dynamic redox changes in mammalian cells with green fluorescent protein indicators. J Biol Chem 279: 22284-22293.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 22284-22293
    • Dooley, C.T.1    Dore, T.M.2    Hanson, G.T.3    Jackson, W.C.4    Remington, S.J.5
  • 28
    • 0842344106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating mitochondrial redox potential with redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein indicators
    • Hanson GT, Aggeler R, Oglesbee D, Cannon M, Capaldi RA, et al. (2004) Investigating mitochondrial redox potential with redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein indicators. J Biol Chem 279: 13044-13053.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 13044-13053
    • Hanson, G.T.1    Aggeler, R.2    Oglesbee, D.3    Cannon, M.4    Capaldi, R.A.5
  • 29
    • 78649866553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidant stress evoked by pacemaking in dopaminergic neurons is attenuated by DJ-1
    • Guzman JN, Sanchez-Padilla J, Wokosin D, Kondapalli J, Ilijic E, et al. (2010) Oxidant stress evoked by pacemaking in dopaminergic neurons is attenuated by DJ-1. Nature 468: 696-700.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 696-700
    • Guzman, J.N.1    Sanchez-Padilla, J.2    Wokosin, D.3    Kondapalli, J.4    Ilijic, E.5
  • 30
    • 47849097202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization
    • Hornung V, Bauernfeind F, Halle A, Samstad EO, Kono H, et al. (2008) Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol 9: 847-856.
    • (2008) Nat Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 847-856
    • Hornung, V.1    Bauernfeind, F.2    Halle, A.3    Samstad, E.O.4    Kono, H.5
  • 31
    • 77950362382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammasomes
    • Schroder K, Tschopp J, (2010) The inflammasomes. Cell 140: 821-832.
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 821-832
    • Schroder, K.1    Tschopp, J.2
  • 33
    • 75149118999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a field in its infancy
    • McGeer EG, McGeer PL, (2010) Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a field in its infancy. J Alzheimers Dis 19: 355-361.
    • (2010) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.19 , pp. 355-361
    • McGeer, E.G.1    McGeer, P.L.2
  • 34
    • 77954271859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galectin-3, a marker for vacuole lysis by invasive pathogens
    • Paz I, Sachse M, Dupont N, Mounier J, Cederfur C, et al. (2010) Galectin-3, a marker for vacuole lysis by invasive pathogens. Cell Microbiol 12: 530-544.
    • (2010) Cell Microbiol , vol.12 , pp. 530-544
    • Paz, I.1    Sachse, M.2    Dupont, N.3    Mounier, J.4    Cederfur, C.5
  • 35
    • 0035154757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenovirus serotype 7 retention in a late endosomal compartment prior to cytosol escape is modulated by fiber protein
    • Miyazawa N, Crystal RG, Leopold PL, (2001) Adenovirus serotype 7 retention in a late endosomal compartment prior to cytosol escape is modulated by fiber protein. J Virol 75: 1387-1400.
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 1387-1400
    • Miyazawa, N.1    Crystal, R.G.2    Leopold, P.L.3
  • 36
    • 0037333418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction between the fiber knob domain and the cellular attachment receptor determines the intracellular trafficking route of adenoviruses
    • Shayakhmetov DM, Li ZY, Ternovoi V, Gaggar A, Gharwan H, et al. (2003) The interaction between the fiber knob domain and the cellular attachment receptor determines the intracellular trafficking route of adenoviruses. J Virol 77: 3712-3723.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 3712-3723
    • Shayakhmetov, D.M.1    Li, Z.Y.2    Ternovoi, V.3    Gaggar, A.4    Gharwan, H.5
  • 37
    • 80051887181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drifting motions of the adenovirus receptor CAR and immobile integrins initiate virus uncoating and membrane lytic protein exposure
    • Burckhardt CJ, Suomalainen M, Schoenenberger P, Boucke K, Hemmi S, et al. (2011) Drifting motions of the adenovirus receptor CAR and immobile integrins initiate virus uncoating and membrane lytic protein exposure. Cell Host Microbe 10: 105-117.
    • (2011) Cell Host Microbe , vol.10 , pp. 105-117
    • Burckhardt, C.J.1    Suomalainen, M.2    Schoenenberger, P.3    Boucke, K.4    Hemmi, S.5
  • 39
    • 84866610524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lysosome-dependent pathways as a unifying theme in Parkinson's disease
    • Tofaris GK, (2012) Lysosome-dependent pathways as a unifying theme in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 27: 1364-1369.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27 , pp. 1364-1369
    • Tofaris, G.K.1
  • 40
    • 0037046163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicle permeabilization by protofibrillar alpha-synuclein is sensitive to Parkinson's disease-linked mutations and occurs by a pore-like mechanism
    • Volles MJ, Lansbury PT Jr, (2002) Vesicle permeabilization by protofibrillar alpha-synuclein is sensitive to Parkinson's disease-linked mutations and occurs by a pore-like mechanism. Biochemistry 41: 4595-4602.
    • (2002) Biochemistry , vol.41 , pp. 4595-4602
    • Volles, M.J.1    Lansbury Jr., P.T.2
  • 41
    • 0035800097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicle permeabilization by protofibrillar alpha-synuclein: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Volles MJ, Lee SJ, Rochet JC, Shtilerman MD, Ding TT, et al. (2001) Vesicle permeabilization by protofibrillar alpha-synuclein: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Biochemistry 40: 7812-7819.
    • (2001) Biochemistry , vol.40 , pp. 7812-7819
    • Volles, M.J.1    Lee, S.J.2    Rochet, J.C.3    Shtilerman, M.D.4    Ding, T.T.5
  • 42
    • 10744230149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new mutation, E46K, of alpha-synuclein causes Parkinson and Lewy body dementia
    • Zarranz JJ, Alegre J, Gomez-Esteban JC, Lezcano E, Ros R, et al. (2004) The new mutation, E46K, of alpha-synuclein causes Parkinson and Lewy body dementia. Ann Neurol 55: 164-173.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 164-173
    • Zarranz, J.J.1    Alegre, J.2    Gomez-Esteban, J.C.3    Lezcano, E.4    Ros, R.5
  • 43
    • 34250796802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the E46K mutation on the properties of alpha-synuclein in its monomeric and oligomeric states
    • Fredenburg RA, Rospigliosi C, Meray RK, Kessler JC, Lashuel HA, et al. (2007) The impact of the E46K mutation on the properties of alpha-synuclein in its monomeric and oligomeric states. Biochemistry 46: 7107-7118.
    • (2007) Biochemistry , vol.46 , pp. 7107-7118
    • Fredenburg, R.A.1    Rospigliosi, C.2    Meray, R.K.3    Kessler, J.C.4    Lashuel, H.A.5
  • 44
    • 79954631518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lysosomal dysfunction increases exosome-mediated alpha-synuclein release and transmission
    • Alvarez-Erviti L, Seow Y, Schapira AH, Gardiner C, Sargent IL, et al. (2011) Lysosomal dysfunction increases exosome-mediated alpha-synuclein release and transmission. Neurobiol Dis 42: 360-367.
    • (2011) Neurobiol Dis , vol.42 , pp. 360-367
    • Alvarez-Erviti, L.1    Seow, Y.2    Schapira, A.H.3    Gardiner, C.4    Sargent, I.L.5
  • 46
    • 68149123529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in lysosomal and proteasomal markers in Parkinson's disease: relationship to alpha-synuclein inclusions
    • Chu Y, Dodiya H, Aebischer P, Olanow CW, Kordower JH, (2009) Alterations in lysosomal and proteasomal markers in Parkinson's disease: relationship to alpha-synuclein inclusions. Neurobiol Dis 35: 385-398.
    • (2009) Neurobiol Dis , vol.35 , pp. 385-398
    • Chu, Y.1    Dodiya, H.2    Aebischer, P.3    Olanow, C.W.4    Kordower, J.H.5
  • 47
    • 84859514171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial importance in Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases
    • Correia SC, Santos RX, Perry G, Zhu X, Moreira PI, et al. (2012) Mitochondrial importance in Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 724: 205-221.
    • (2012) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.724 , pp. 205-221
    • Correia, S.C.1    Santos, R.X.2    Perry, G.3    Zhu, X.4    Moreira, P.I.5
  • 48
    • 70350346842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of microglia on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
    • Long-Smith CM, Sullivan AM, Nolan YM, (2009) The influence of microglia on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 89: 277-287.
    • (2009) Prog Neurobiol , vol.89 , pp. 277-287
    • Long-Smith, C.M.1    Sullivan, A.M.2    Nolan, Y.M.3
  • 49
    • 77956958953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation is a key player in Parkinson's disease and a prime target for therapy
    • Qian L, Flood PM, Hong JS, (2010) Neuroinflammation is a key player in Parkinson's disease and a prime target for therapy. J Neural Transm 117: 971-979.
    • (2010) J Neural Transm , vol.117 , pp. 971-979
    • Qian, L.1    Flood, P.M.2    Hong, J.S.3
  • 50
    • 0028171374 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients
    • Mogi M, Harada M, Kondo T, Riederer P, Inagaki H, et al. (1994) Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients. Neurosci Lett 180: 147-150.
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.180 , pp. 147-150
    • Mogi, M.1    Harada, M.2    Kondo, T.3    Riederer, P.4    Inagaki, H.5
  • 51
    • 0034023082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase activities and tumor necrosis factor receptor R1 (p55) level are elevated in the substantia nigra from parkinsonian brain
    • Mogi M, Togari A, Kondo T, Mizuno Y, Komure O, et al. (2000) Caspase activities and tumor necrosis factor receptor R1 (p55) level are elevated in the substantia nigra from parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 107: 335-341.
    • (2000) J Neural Transm , vol.107 , pp. 335-341
    • Mogi, M.1    Togari, A.2    Kondo, T.3    Mizuno, Y.4    Komure, O.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.