Primary prevention of allergic disease through nutritional interventions

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 29-36

  Fleischer, David M ^a   Spergel, Jonathan M ^b   Assa'ad, Amal H ^c   Pongracic, Jacqueline A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d CHILDREN'S MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Asthma; Atopic dermatitis; Atopy; Breast feeding; Complementary food introduction; Food allergy; Infant formula; Lactation; Primary prevention

Indexed keywords

CASEIN;

ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ALLERGY; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; ASTHMA; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BREAST FEEDING; CHILD NUTRITION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; FOOD INTAKE; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LACTATION; MATERNAL ATTITUDE; MATERNAL CARE; MEDICAL INFORMATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SOYBEAN MILK; WHEY;

AAP; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS; ASTHMA; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; ATOPY; BREAST-FEEDING; COMPLEMENTARY FOOD INTRODUCTION; EHF; EXTENSIVE CASEIN OR EXTENSIVE WHEY HYDROLYSATE FORMULA; FOOD ALLERGY; INFANT FORMULA; LACTATION; PARTIAL WHEY HYDROLYSATE FORMULA; PHF; PRIMARY PREVENTION;

ASTHMA; BREAST FEEDING; DERMATITIS, ATOPIC; DIET; FOOD HABITS; FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; INFANT, NEWBORN; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PRIMARY PREVENTION;

EID: 84876436858     PISSN: 22132198     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2012.09.003     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Greer F.R., Sicherer S.H., Burks A.W. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics 2008, 121:183-191.
2. Muraro A., Dreborg S., Halken S., Host A., Niggemann B., Aalberse R., et al. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Part I: immunologic background and criteria for hypoallergenicity. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004, 15:103-111.
3. Muraro A., Dreborg S., Halken S., Host A., Niggemann B., Aalberse R., et al. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Part II: evaluation of methods in allergy prevention studies and sensitization markers. Definitions and diagnostic criteria of allergic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004, 15:196-205.
4. Muraro A., Dreborg S., Halken S., Host A., Niggemann B., Aalberse R., et al. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Part III: critical review of published peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies and final recommendations. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004, 15:291-307.
5. Host A., Halken S., Muraro A., Dreborg S., Niggemann B., Aalberse R., et al. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008, 19:1-4.
6. Host A., Koletzko B., Dreborg S., Muraro A., Wahn U., Aggett P., et al. Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy. Joint Statement of the European Society for Pediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. Arch Dis Child 1999, 81:80-84.
7. Ferreira C.T., Seidman E. Food allergy: a practical update from the gastroenterological viewpoint. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2007, 83:7-20.
8. Falth-Magnusson K., Kjellman N.I. Development of atopic disease in babies whose mothers were receiving exclusion diet during pregnancy-a randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987, 80:868-875.
9. Lilja G., Dannaeus A., Foucard T., Graff-Lonnevig V., Johansson S.G., Oman H. Effects of maternal diet during late pregnancy and lactation on the development of atopic diseases in infants up to 18 months of age-in-vivo results. Clin Exp Allergy 1989, 19:473-479.
10. Hattevig G., Kjellman B., Sigurs N., Bjorksten B., Kjellman N.I. Effect of maternal avoidance of eggs, cow's milk and fish during lactation upon allergic manifestations in infants. Clin Exp Allergy 1989, 19:27-32.
11. Falth-Magnusson K., Kjellman N.I. Allergy prevention by maternal elimination diet during late pregnancy-a 5-year follow-up of a randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992, 89:709-713.
12. Herrmann M.E., Dannemann A., Gruters A., Radisch B., Dudenhausen J.W., Bergmann R., et al. Prospective study of the atopy preventive effect of maternal avoidance of milk and eggs during pregnancy and lactation. Eur J Pediatr 1996, 155:770-774.
13. Kramer M.S., Kakuma R. Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (3):CD000133.
14. Lack G., Fox D., Northstone K., Golding J. Factors associated with the development of peanut allergy in childhood. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:977-985.
15. Hourihane J.O., Aiken R., Briggs R., Gudgeon L.A., Grimshaw K.E., DunnGalvin A., et al. The impact of government advice to pregnant mothers regarding peanut avoidance on the prevalence of peanut allergy in United Kingdom children at school entry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007, 119:1197-1202.
16. Dean T., Venter C., Pereira B., Grundy J., Clayton C.B., Higgins B. Government advice on peanut avoidance during pregnancy-is it followed correctly and what is the impact on sensitization?. J Hum Nutr Diet 2007, 20:95-99.
17. Frank L., Marian A., Visser M., Weinberg E., Potter P.C. Exposure to peanuts in utero and in infancy and the development of sensitization to peanut allergens in young children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1999, 10:27-32.
18. Sicherer S.H., Wood R.A., Stablein D., Lindblad R., Burks A.W., Liu A.H., et al. Maternal consumption of peanut during pregnancy is associated with peanut sensitization in atopic infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 126:1191-1197.
19. Willers S.M., Wijga A.H., Brunekreef B., Kerkhof M., Gerritsen J., Hoekstra M.O., et al. Maternal food consumption during pregnancy and the longitudinal development of childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 178:124-131.
20. Maslova E., Granstrom C., Hansen S., Petersen S.B., Strom M., Willett W.C., et al. Peanut and tree nut consumption during pregnancy and allergic disease in children-should mothers decrease their intake? Longitudinal evidence from the Danish National Birth Cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012, l130:L724-L732.
21. Thompson R.L., Miles L.M., Lunn J., Devereux G., Dearman R.J., Strid J., et al. Peanut sensitisation and allergy: influence of early life exposure to peanuts. Br J Nutr 2010, 103:1278-1286.
22. Lovegrove J.A., Hampton S.M., Morgan J.B. The immunological and long-term atopic outcome of infants born to women following a milk-free diet during late pregnancy and lactation: a pilot study. Br J Nutr 1994, 71:223-238.
23. Hattevig G., Sigurs N., Kjellman B. Effects of maternal dietary avoidance during lactation on allergy in children at 10 years of age. Acta Paediatr 1999, 88:7-12.
24. Sigurs N., Hattevig G., Kjellman B. Maternal avoidance of eggs, cow's milk, and fish during lactation: effect on allergic manifestations, skin-prick tests, and specific IgE antibodies in children at age 4 years. Pediatrics 1992, 89:735-739.
25. Gdalevich M., Mimouni D., David M., Mimouni M. Breast-feeding and the onset of atopic dermatitis in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001, 45:520-527.
26. Yang Y.W., Tsai C.L., Lu C.Y. Exclusive breastfeeding and incident atopic dermatitis in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Dermatol 2009, 161:373-383.
27. Ludvigsson J.F., Mostrom M., Ludvigsson J., Duchen K. Exclusive breastfeeding and risk of atopic dermatitis in some 8300 infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005, 16:201-208.
28. Kull I., Bohme M., Wahlgren C.F., Nordvall L., Pershagen G., Wickman M. Breast-feeding reduces the risk for childhood eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005, 116:657-661.
29. Kramer M.S., Kakuma R. Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002, (1):CD003517.
30. Laubereau B., Brockow I., Zirngibl A., Koletzko S., Gruebl A., von Berg A., et al. Effect of breast-feeding on the development of atopic dermatitis during the first 3 years of life-results from the GINI-birth cohort study. J Pediatr 2004, 144:602-607.
31. Schoetzau A., Filipiak-Pittroff B., Franke K., Koletzko S., Von Berg A., Gruebl A., et al. Effect of exclusive breast-feeding and early solid food avoidance on the incidence of atopic dermatitis in high-risk infants at 1 year of age. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002, 13:234-242.
32. Bergmann R.L., Diepgen T.L., Kuss O., Bergmann K.E., Kujat J., Dudenhausen J.W., et al. Breastfeeding duration is a risk factor for atopic eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32:205-209.
33. Kramer M.S., Matush L., Vanilovich I., Platt R., Bogdanovich N., Sevkovskaya Z., et al. Effect of prolonged and exclusive breast feeding on risk of allergy and asthma: cluster randomised trial. BMJ 2007, 335:815.
34. Pesonen M., Kallio M.J., Ranki A., Siimes M.A. Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding is associated with increased atopic dermatitis: a prospective follow-up study of unselected healthy newborns from birth to age 20 years. Clin Exp Allergy 2006, 36:1011-1018.
35. Snijders B.E., Thijs C., Kummeling I., Penders J., van den Brandt P.A. Breastfeeding and infant eczema in the first year of life in the KOALA birth cohort study: a risk period-specific analysis. Pediatrics 2007, 119:e137-e141.
36. Giwercman C., Halkjaer L.B., Jensen S.M., Bonnelykke K., Lauritzen L., Bisgaard H. Increased risk of eczema but reduced risk of early wheezy disorder from exclusive breast-feeding in high-risk infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 125:866-871.
37. Kull I., Almqvist C., Lilja G., Pershagen G., Wickman M. Breast-feeding reduces the risk of asthma during the first 4 years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004, 114:755-760.
38. Howie P.W., Forsyth J.S., Ogston S.A., Clark A., Florey C.D. Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ 1990, 300:11-16.
39. Elliott L., Henderson J., Northstone K., Chiu G.Y., Dunson D., London S.J. Prospective study of breast-feeding in relation to wheeze, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 122:49-54.e1-3.
40. Oddy W.H. The long-term effects of breastfeeding on asthma and atopic disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009, 639:237-251.
41. Scholtens S., Wijga A.H., Brunekreef B., Kerkhof M., Hoekstra M.O., Gerritsen J., et al. Breast feeding, parental allergy and asthma in children followed for 8 years. The PIAMA birth cohort study. Thorax 2009, 64:604-609.
42. Nagel G., Buchele G., Weinmayr G., Bjorksten B., Chen Y.Z., Wang H., et al. Effect of breastfeeding on asthma, lung function and bronchial hyperreactivity in ISAAC Phase II. Eur Respir J 2009, 33:993-1002.
43. Sears M.R., Greene J.M., Willan A.R., Taylor D.R., Flannery E.M., Cowan J.O., et al. Long-term relation between breastfeeding and development of atopy and asthma in children and young adults: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2002, 360:901-907.
44. Wright A.L., Holberg C.J., Taussig L.M., Martinez F.D. Factors influencing the relation of infant feeding to asthma and recurrent wheeze in childhood. Thorax 2001, 56:192-197.
45. Matheson M.C., Erbas B., Balasuriya A., Jenkins M.A., Wharton C.L., Tang M.L., et al. Breast-feeding and atopic disease: a cohort study from childhood to middle age. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007, 120:1051-1057.
46. Friedman N., Zeiger R. Prevention and natural history of food allergy. Pediatric Allergy Principles and Practice 2003, Mosby, St. Louis, Mo, 495-509. D.Y. Leung, H. Sampson, R. Geha, S.J. Szefler (Eds.).
47. Kramer M.S., Kakuma R. The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004, 554:63-77.
48. Halpern S.R., Sellars W.A., Johnson R.B., Anderson D.W., Saperstein S., Reisch J.S. Development of childhood allergy in infants fed breast, soy, or cow milk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1973, 51:139-151.
49. Hide D.W., Guyer B.M. Cows milk intolerance in Isle of Wight infants. Br J Clin Pract 1983, 37:285-287.
50. Gerrard J.W., MacKenzie J.W., Goluboff N., Garson J.Z., Maningas C.S. Cow's milk allergy: prevalence and manifestations in an unselected series of newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1973, 234:1-21.
51. Vandenplas Y., Sacre L. Influences of neonatal serum IgE concentration, family history and diet on the incidence of cow's milk allergy. Eur J Pediatr 1986, 145:493-495.
52. Saarinen U.M., Kajosaari M. Breastfeeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease: prospective follow-up study until 17 years old. Lancet 1995, 346:1065-1069.
53. Saarinen U.M., Kajosaari M., Backman A., Siimes M.A. Prolonged breast-feeding as prophylaxis for atopic disease. Lancet 1979, 2:163-166.
54. Tariq S.M., Matthews S.M., Hakim E.A., Stevens M., Arshad S.H., Hide D.W. The prevalence of and risk factors for atopy in early childhood: a whole population birth cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998, 101:587-593.
55. Mimouni Bloch A., Mimouni D., Mimouni M., Gdalevich M. Does breastfeeding protect against allergic rhinitis during childhood? A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Acta Paediatr 2002, 91:275-279.
56. Codispoti C.D., Levin L., LeMasters G.K., Ryan P., Reponen T., Villareal M., et al. Breast-feeding, aeroallergen sensitization, and environmental exposures during infancy are determinants of childhood allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 125:1054-1060.e1.
57. Osborn D.A., Sinn J. Formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (4):CD003664.
58. Chirico G., Gasparoni A., Ciardelli L., De Amici M., Colombo A., Rondini G. Immunogenicity and antigenicity of a partially hydrolyzed cow's milk infant formula. Allergy 1997, 52:82-88.
59. Mallet E., Henocq A. Long-term prevention of allergic diseases by using protein hydrolysate formula in at-risk infants. J Pediatr 1992, 121:S95-S100.
60. Vandenplas Y., Hauser B., Van den Borre C., Sacre L., Dab I. Effect of a whey hydrolysate prophylaxis of atopic disease. Ann Allergy 1992, 68:419-424.
61. Vandenplas Y., Hauser B., Blecker U., Suys B., Peeters S., Keymolen K., et al. The nutritional value of a whey hydrolysate formula compared with a whey-predominant formula in healthy infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993, 17:92-96.
62. Willems R., Duchateau J., Magrez P., Denis R., Casimir G. Influence of hypoallergenic milk formula on the incidence of early allergic manifestations in infants predisposed to atopic diseases. Ann Allergy 1993, 71:147-150.
63. Alexander D.D., Cabana M.D. Partially hydrolyzed 100% whey protein infant formula and reduced risk of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010, 50:422-430.
64. Vandenplas Y., Hauser B., Van den Borre C., Clybouw C., Mahler T., Hachimi-Idrissi S., et al. The long-term effect of a partial whey hydrolysate formula on the prophylaxis of atopic disease. Eur J Pediatr 1995, 154:488-494.
65. Halken S., Hansen K.S., Jacobsen H.P., Estmann A., Faelling A.E., Hansen L.G., et al. Comparison of a partially hydrolyzed infant formula with two extensively hydrolyzed formulas for allergy prevention: a prospective, randomized study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000, 11:149-161.
66. Nentwich I., Michkova E., Nevoral J., Urbanek R., Szépfalusi Z. Cow's milk-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and atopy skin symptoms in infants from atopic families fed a partially (pHF) or extensively (eHF) hydrolyzed infant formula. Allergy 2001, 56:1144-1156.
67. von Berg A., Koletzko S., Grubl A., Filipiak-Pittroff B., Wichmann H.E., Bauer C.P., et al. The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003, 111:533-540.
68. von Berg A., Koletzko S., Filipiak-Pittroff B., Laubereau B., Grubl A., Wichmann H.E., et al. Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma: three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007, 119:718-725.
69. von Berg A., Filipiak-Pittroff B., Kramer U., Link E., Bollrath C., Brockow I., et al. Preventive effect of hydrolyzed infant formulas persists until age 6 years: long-term results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study (GINI). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 121:1442-1447.
70. Osborn D.A., Sinn J. Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, (4):CD003741.
71. Complementary Feeding 2009, Committee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Ill. 6th ed.
72. Eidelman A., Schanler R. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2012, 129:598-601.
73. World Health Organization. Breastfeeding. Available from: Accessed July 20, 2012. http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en/.
74. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Shannon F.T. Asthma and infant diet. Arch Dis Child 1983, 58:48-51.
75. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Shannon F.T. Early solid feeding and recurrent childhood eczema: a 10-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics 1990, 86:541-546.
76. Fergusson D.M., Horwood L.J., Beautrais A.L., Shannon F.T., Taylor B. Eczema and infant diet. Clin Allergy 1981, 11:325-331.
77. Zutavern A., von Mutius E., Harris J., Mills P., Moffatt S., White C., et al. The introduction of solids in relation to asthma and eczema. Arch Dis Child 2004, 89:303-308.
78. Zutavern A., Brockow I., Schaaf B., von Berg A., Diez U., Borte M., et al. Timing of solid food introduction in relation to eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food and inhalant sensitization at the age of 6 years: results from the prospective birth cohort study LISA. Pediatrics 2008, 121:e44-e52.
79. Zutavern A., Brockow I., Schaaf B., Bolte G., von Berg A., Diez U., et al. Timing of solid food introduction in relation to atopic dermatitis and atopic sensitization: results from a prospective birth cohort study. Pediatrics 2006, 117:401-411.
80. Tromp I.I., Kiefte-de Jong J.C., Lebon A., Renders C.M., Jaddoe V.W., Hofman A., et al. The introduction of allergenic foods and the development of reported wheezing and eczema in childhood: the Generation R study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011, 165:933-938.
81. Poole J.A., Barriga K., Leung D.Y., Hoffman M., Eisenbarth G.S., Rewers M., et al. Timing of initial exposure to cereal grains and the risk of wheat allergy. Pediatrics 2006, 117:2175-2182.
82. Alm B., Aberg N., Erdes L., Mollborg P., Pettersson R., Norvenius S.G., et al. Early introduction of fish decreases the risk of eczema in infants. Arch Dis Child 2009, 94:11-15.
83. Snijders B.E., Thijs C., van Ree R., van den Brandt P.A. Age at first introduction of cow milk products and other food products in relation to infant atopic manifestations in the first 2 years of life: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2008, 122:e115-e122.
84. Fox A.T., Sasieni P., du Toit G., Syed H., Lack G. Household peanut consumption as a risk factor for the development of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 123:417-423.
85. Du Toit G., Katz Y., Sasieni P., et al. Early consumption of peanuts in infancy is associated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 122:984-991.
86. Koplin J.J., Osborne N.J., Wake M., Martin P.E., Gurrin L.C., Robinson M.N., et al. Can early introduction of egg prevent egg allergy in infants? A population-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 126:807-813.
87. Nwaru B.I., Erkkola M., Ahonen S., Kaila M., Haapala A.M., Kronberg-Kippila C., et al. Age at the introduction of solid foods during the first year and allergic sensitization at age 5 years. Pediatrics 2010, 125:50-59.
88. Committee on Nutrition. Hypoallergenic infant formulas. Pediatrics 2000, 106:346-349. American Academy of Pediatrics.
89. Katz Y., Rajuan N., Goldberg M.R., Eisenberg E., Heyman E., Cohen A., et al. Early exposure to cow's milk protein is protective against IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 126:77-82.e1.
90. Joseph C.L., Ownby D.R., Havstad S.L., Woodcroft K.J., Wegienka G., MacKechnie H., et al. Early complementary feeding and risk of food sensitization in a birth cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011, 127:1203-1210.e5.
91. Liem J.J., Huq S., Kozyrskyj A.L., Becker A.B. Should younger siblings of peanut-allergic children be assessed by an allergist before being fed peanut?. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2008, 4:144-149.
92. Agostoni C., Decsi T., Fewtrell M., Goulet O., Kolacek S., Koletzko B., et al. Complementary feeding: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008, 46:99-110.
93. The use of whole cow's milk in infancy. Pediatrics 1992, 89:1105-1109. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition.
94. Hopkins D., Emmett P., Steer C., Rogers I., Noble S., Emond A. Infant feeding in the second 6 months of life related to iron status: an observational study. Arch Dis Child 2007, 92:850-854.
95. Sicherer S.H., Furlong T.J., Munoz-Furlong A., Burks A.W., Sampson H.A. A voluntary registry for peanut and tree nut allergy: characteristics of the first 5149 registrants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001, 108:128-132.
96. Boyce J.A., Assa'ad A., Burks A.W., Jones S.M., Sampson H.A., Wood R.A., et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 126:S1-S58.
97. Sicherer S.H., Muñoz-Furlong A., Godbold J.H., Sampson H.A. US prevalence of self-reported peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergy: 11-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 125:1322-1326.
98. Ben-Shoshan M., Harrington D.W., Soller L., Fragapane J., Joseph L., St Pierre Y., et al. A population-based study on peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish, and sesame allergy prevalence in Canada. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 125:1327-1335.
99. Sicherer S.H., Wood R.A., Stablein D., Burks A.W., Liu A.H., Jones S.M., et al. Immunologic features of infants with milk or egg allergy enrolled in an observational study (Consortium of Food Allergy Research) of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 125:1077-1083.
100. Sampson H.A. Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001, 107:891-896.
101. Hourihane J.O., Dean T.P., Warner J.O. Peanut allergy in relation to heredity, maternal diet, and other atopic diseases: results of a questionnaire survey, skin prick testing, and food challenges. BMJ 1996, 313:518-521.
102. Sicherer S.H., Furlong T.J., Maes H.H., Desnick R.J., Sampson H.A., Gelb B.D. Genetics of peanut allergy: a twin study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000, 106:53-56.