메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 273-290

A comparative study of impedance versus optical label-free systems relative to labelled assays in a predominantly Gi coupled GPCR (C5aR) signalling

Author keywords

GPCR; Impedance and optical biosensors; Label free; Secondary messenger; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

BIOSENSORS; CELL SIGNALING; LIGANDS; PEPTIDES;

EID: 84876275433     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20796374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/bios2030273     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (62)
  • 2
    • 61649096359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G-Protein-coupled receptor-focused drug discovery using a target class platform approach
    • Heilker, R.; Wolff, M.; Tautermann, C.S.; Bieler, M. G-Protein-coupled receptor-focused drug discovery using a target class platform approach. Drug Discov. Today 2009, 14, 231-240.
    • (2009) Drug Discov. Today , vol.14 , pp. 231-240
    • Heilker, R.1    Wolff, M.2    Tautermann, C.S.3    Bieler, M.4
  • 5
  • 6
    • 65949124866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current screens based on the AlphaScreen technology for deciphering cell signalling pathways
    • Taouji, S.; Dahan, S.; Bosse, R.; Chevet, E. Current screens based on the AlphaScreen technology for deciphering cell signalling pathways. Curr. Genomics 2009, 10, 93-101.
    • (2009) Curr. Genomics , vol.10 , pp. 93-101
    • Taouji, S.1    Dahan, S.2    Bosse, R.3    Chevet, E.4
  • 7
    • 0141758332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosensor profiling of molecular interactions in pharmacology
    • Cooper, M.A. Biosensor profiling of molecular interactions in pharmacology. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2003, 3, 557-562.
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. , vol.3 , pp. 557-562
    • Cooper, M.A.1
  • 8
    • 42949124474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of cell-based label-free technology in drug discovery
    • Xi, B.; Yu, N.; Wang, X.; Xu, X.; Abassi, Y. The application of cell-based label-free technology in drug discovery. Biotechnol. J. 2008, 3, 484-495.
    • (2008) Biotechnol. J. , vol.3 , pp. 484-495
    • Xi, B.1    Yu, N.2    Wang, X.3    Xu, X.4    Abassi, Y.5
  • 9
    • 77956486698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Label-free whole-cell assays: Expanding the scope of GPCR screening
    • Scott, C.W.; Peters, M.F. Label-free whole-cell assays: Expanding the scope of GPCR screening. Drug Discov. Today 2010, 15, 704-716.
    • (2010) Drug Discov. Today , vol.15 , pp. 704-716
    • Scott, C.W.1    Peters, M.F.2
  • 10
    • 78649343774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Label-free receptor assays Drug Discov
    • Fang, Y. Label-free receptor assays. Drug Discov. Today Technol. 2010, 7, 5-11.
    • (2010) Today Technol , vol.7 , pp. 5-11
    • Fang, Y.1
  • 11
    • 79952089580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Label-free cell-based assays using photonic crystal optical biosensors
    • Shamah, S.M.; Cunningham, B.T. Label-free cell-based assays using photonic crystal optical biosensors. Analyst 2011, 136, 1090-1102.
    • (2011) Analyst , vol.136 , pp. 1090-1102
    • Shamah, S.M.1    Cunningham, B.T.2
  • 12
    • 84879193022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular screening for 7TM receptors using label-free detection
    • Cooper, M.A., Mayr, L.M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA
    • Jerman, J.C.; Brown, J.; Rocheville, M. Cellular screening for 7TM receptors using label-free detection. In Label-Free Technologies: For Drug Discovery; Cooper, M.A., Mayr, L.M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2011; pp. 205-222.
    • (2011) Label-Free Technologies: For Drug Discovery , pp. 205-222
    • Jerman, J.C.1    Brown, J.2    Rocheville, M.3
  • 13
    • 80755139203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of transducer principles for label-free biomolecular interaction analysis
    • Nirschl, M.; Reuter, F.; Voros, J. Review of transducer principles for label-free biomolecular interaction analysis. Biosensors 2011, 1, 70-92.
    • (2011) Biosensors , vol.1 , pp. 70-92
    • Nirschl, M.1    Reuter, F.2    Voros, J.3
  • 14
    • 33746918047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Label-free profiling of ligands for endogenous GPCRs using a cell-based high-throughput screening technology
    • Li, G.; Ferrie, A.M.; Fang, Y. Label-free profiling of ligands for endogenous GPCRs using a cell-based high-throughput screening technology. JALA 2006, 11, 181-187.
    • (2006) JALA , vol.11 , pp. 181-187
    • Li, G.1    Ferrie, A.M.2    Fang, Y.3
  • 15
    • 33845877164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Label-free cell-based assays with optical biosensors in drug discovery
    • Fang, Y. Label-free cell-based assays with optical biosensors in drug discovery. Assay Drug Dev. Technol. 2006, 4, 583-595.
    • (2006) Assay Drug Dev. Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 583-595
    • Fang, Y.1
  • 16
    • 33751231711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical biosensors: Where next and how soon? Drug Discov
    • Cooper, M.A. Optical biosensors: Where next and how soon? Drug Discov. Today 2006, 11, 1061-1067.
    • (2006) Today , vol.11 , pp. 1061-1067
    • Cooper, M.A.1
  • 17
    • 80053371048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput analysis of biomolecular interactions and cellular responses with resonant waveguide grating biosensors
    • Cooper, M.A., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK
    • Fang, Y.; Fang, J.; Tran, E.; Xinying, X.; Hallstrom, M.; Frutos, A.G. High-throughput analysis of biomolecular interactions and cellular responses with resonant waveguide grating biosensors. In Label-Free Biosensors: Techniques and Applications; Cooper, M.A., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2009; pp. 206-222.
    • (2009) Label-Free Biosensors: Techniques and Applications , pp. 206-222
    • Fang, Y.1    Fang, J.2    Tran, E.3    Xinying, X.4    Hallstrom, M.5    Frutos, A.G.6
  • 18
    • 34547578768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Label-free impedance biosensors: Opportunities and challenges
    • Daniels, J.S.; Pourmand, N. Label-free impedance biosensors: Opportunities and challenges. Electroanalysis 2007, 19, 1239-1257.
    • (2007) Electroanalysis , vol.19 , pp. 1239-1257
    • Daniels, J.S.1    Pourmand, N.2
  • 19
    • 84856403899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic and label-free cell-based assays using the xCELLigence system
    • Cooper, M.A., Mayr, L.M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA
    • Abassi, Y.A.; Sieler, A.; Watzele, M.; Wang, X.; Xu, X. Dynamic and label-free cell-based assays using the xCELLigence system. In Label-Free Technologies: For Drug Discovery; Cooper, M.A., Mayr, L.M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2011; pp. 71-81.
    • (2011) Label-Free Technologies: For Drug Discovery , pp. 71-81
    • Abassi, Y.A.1    Sieler, A.2    Watzele, M.3    Wang, X.4    Xu, X.5
  • 20
    • 0022559399 scopus 로고
    • Use of electric fields to monitor the dynamical aspect of cell behavior in tissue culture
    • Giaever, I.; Keese, C.R. Use of electric fields to monitor the dynamical aspect of cell behavior in tissue culture. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 1986, 33, 242-247.
    • (1986) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.33 , pp. 242-247
    • Giaever, I.1    Keese, C.R.2
  • 21
    • 0027754169 scopus 로고
    • A morphological biosensor for mammalian cells
    • Giaever, I.; Keese, C.R. A morphological biosensor for mammalian cells. Nature 1993, 366, 591-592.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 591-592
    • Giaever, I.1    Keese, C.R.2
  • 22
    • 4644360563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) technology to cell-based assays
    • Solly, K.; Wang, X.; Xu, X.; Strulovici, B.; Zheng, W. Application of real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) technology to cell-based assays. Assay Drug Dev. Technol. 2004, 2, 363-372.
    • (2004) Assay Drug Dev. Technol. , vol.2 , pp. 363-372
    • Solly, K.1    Wang, X.2    Xu, X.3    Strulovici, B.4    Zheng, W.5
  • 23
    • 84879193193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical impedance technology applied to cell-based assays
    • Cooper, M.A., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK
    • McGuinness, R.; Verdonk, E. Electrical impedance technology applied to cell-based assays. In Label-Free Biosensors: Techniques and Applications; Cooper, M.A., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2009; pp. 251-277.
    • (2009) Label-Free Biosensors: Techniques and Applications , pp. 251-277
    • McGuinness, R.1    Verdonk, E.2
  • 24
    • 33748747144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microtubules and actin microfilaments regulate lipid raft/caveolae localization of adenylyl cyclase signaling components
    • Head, B.P.; Patel, H.H.; Roth, D.M.; Murray, F.; Swaney, J.S.; Niesman, I.R.; Farquhar, M.G.; Insel, P.A. Microtubules and actin microfilaments regulate lipid raft/caveolae localization of adenylyl cyclase signaling components. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281, 26391-26399.
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.281 , pp. 26391-26399
    • Head, B.P.1    Patel, H.H.2    Roth, D.M.3    Murray, F.4    Swaney, J.S.5    Niesman, I.R.6    Farquhar, M.G.7    Insel, P.A.8
  • 25
    • 0035798556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the cytoskeleton in mediating cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibition of the epithelial Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3
    • Szaszi, K.; Kurashima, K.; Kaibuchi, K.; Grinstein, S.; Orlowski, J. Role of the cytoskeleton in mediating cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibition of the epithelial Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 40761-40768.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 40761-40768
    • Szaszi, K.1    Kurashima, K.2    Kaibuchi, K.3    Grinstein, S.4    Orlowski, J.5
  • 26
    • 35348821843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function, structure and therapeutic potential of complement C5a receptors
    • Monk, P.N.; Scola, A.M.; Madala, P.; Fairlie, D.P. Function, structure and therapeutic potential of complement C5a receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2007, 152, 429-448.
    • (2007) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.152 , pp. 429-448
    • Monk, P.N.1    Scola, A.M.2    Madala, P.3    Fairlie, D.P.4
  • 27
    • 78650289203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of C5 activation products in sepsis
    • Ward, P.A. Role of C5 activation products in sepsis. Sci. World J. 2010, 10, 2395-2402.
    • (2010) Sci. World J. , vol.10 , pp. 2395-2402
    • Ward, P.A.1
  • 30
    • 0024600632 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the interaction of human C5a and C5a des Arg with human monocytes and neutrophils: Flow cytometric and chemotaxis studies
    • Yancey, K.B.; Lawley, T.J.; Dersookian, M.; Harvath, L. Analysis of the interaction of human C5a and C5a des Arg with human monocytes and neutrophils: Flow cytometric and chemotaxis studies. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1989, 92, 184-189.
    • (1989) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.92 , pp. 184-189
    • Yancey, K.B.1    Lawley, T.J.2    Dersookian, M.3    Harvath, L.4
  • 31
    • 0344154671 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of specific C5a receptor on intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
    • Chenoweth, D.E.; Hugli, T.E. Demonstration of specific C5a receptor on intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1978, 75, 3943-3947.
    • (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.75 , pp. 3943-3947
    • Chenoweth, D.E.1    Hugli, T.E.2
  • 33
    • 0018887370 scopus 로고
    • A differential effect of C5a and C5a des Arg in the induction of pulmonary inflammation
    • Larsen, G.L.; McCarthy, K.; Webster, R.O.; Henson, J.; Henson, P.M. A differential effect of C5a and C5a des Arg in the induction of pulmonary inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 1980, 100, 179-192.
    • (1980) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.100 , pp. 179-192
    • Larsen, G.L.1    McCarthy, K.2    Webster, R.O.3    Henson, J.4    Henson, P.M.5
  • 37
    • 0017184389 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding
    • Bradford, M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 1976, 72, 248-254.
    • (1976) Anal. Biochem. , vol.72 , pp. 248-254
    • Bradford, M.M.1
  • 38
    • 0033650981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scintillation proximity binding assay
    • Proudfoot, A.E.I., Wells, T.N.C., Power, C.A., Eds.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA
    • Alouani, S. Scintillation proximity binding assay. In Chemokine Protocols; Proudfoot, A.E.I., Wells, T.N.C., Power, C.A., Eds.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA, 2000; Volume 138, pp. 135-141.
    • (2000) Chemokine Protocols , vol.138 , pp. 135-141
    • Alouani, S.1
  • 40
    • 0018850996 scopus 로고
    • The effect of hemodialysis and C5a des Arg on neutrophil subpopulations
    • Klempner, M.S.; Gallin, J.I.; Balow, J.E.; van Kammen, D.P. The effect of hemodialysis and C5a des Arg on neutrophil subpopulations. Blood 1980, 55, 777-783.
    • (1980) Blood , vol.55 , pp. 777-783
    • Klempner, M.S.1    Gallin, J.I.2    Balow, J.E.3    van Kammen, D.P.4
  • 41
    • 0019500177 scopus 로고
    • Response of human neutrophils to C5a: A role for the oligosaccharide moiety of human C5a des Arg-74 but not of C5a in biologic activity
    • Gerard, C.; Chenoweth, D.E.; Hugli, T.E. Response of human neutrophils to C5a: A role for the oligosaccharide moiety of human C5a des Arg-74 but not of C5a in biologic activity. J. Immunol. 1981, 127, 1978-1982.
    • (1981) J. Immunol. , vol.127 , pp. 1978-1982
    • Gerard, C.1    Chenoweth, D.E.2    Hugli, T.E.3
  • 42
    • 0021952732 scopus 로고
    • Chemotactic responses of human peripheral blood monocytes to the complement-derived peptides C5a and C5a des Arg
    • Marder, S.R.; Chenoweth, D.E.; Goldstein, I.M.; Perez, H.D. Chemotactic responses of human peripheral blood monocytes to the complement-derived peptides C5a and C5a des Arg. J. Immunol. 1985, 134, 3325-3331.
    • (1985) J. Immunol. , vol.134 , pp. 3325-3331
    • Marder, S.R.1    Chenoweth, D.E.2    Goldstein, I.M.3    Perez, H.D.4
  • 43
    • 0022556792 scopus 로고
    • The chemoattractant des-Arg74-C5a regulates the expression of its own receptor on a monocyte-like cell line
    • Barker, M.D.; Jose, P.J.; Williams, T.J.; Burton, D.R. The chemoattractant des-Arg74-C5a regulates the expression of its own receptor on a monocyte-like cell line. Biochem. J. 1986, 236, 621-624.
    • (1986) Biochem. J. , vol.236 , pp. 621-624
    • Barker, M.D.1    Jose, P.J.2    Williams, T.J.3    Burton, D.R.4
  • 44
    • 0023781639 scopus 로고
    • Human C5a and C5a des Arg exhibit chemotactic activity for fibroblasts
    • Senior, R.M.; Griffin, G.L.; Perez, H.D.; Webster, R.O. Human C5a and C5a des Arg exhibit chemotactic activity for fibroblasts. J. Immunol. 1988, 141, 3570-3574.
    • (1988) J. Immunol. , vol.141 , pp. 3570-3574
    • Senior, R.M.1    Griffin, G.L.2    Perez, H.D.3    Webster, R.O.4
  • 45
    • 0028318754 scopus 로고
    • The degradation product of the C5a anaphylatoxin C5a des Arg retains basophil-activating properties
    • Bürgi, B.; Brunner, T.; Dahinden, C.A. The degradation product of the C5a anaphylatoxin C5a des Arg retains basophil-activating properties. Eur. J. Immunol. 1994, 24, 1583-1589.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.24 , pp. 1583-1589
    • Bürgi, B.1    Brunner, T.2    Dahinden, C.A.3
  • 47
    • 0033609445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor activation by human C5a des Arg74 but not intact C5a is dependent on an interaction between Glu199 of the receptor and Lys68 of the ligand
    • Crass, T.; Bautsch, W.; Cain, S.A.; Pease, J.E.; Monk, P.N. Receptor activation by human C5a des Arg74 but not intact C5a is dependent on an interaction between Glu199 of the receptor and Lys68 of the ligand. Biochemistry 1999, 38, 9712-9717.
    • (1999) Biochemistry , vol.38 , pp. 9712-9717
    • Crass, T.1    Bautsch, W.2    Cain, S.A.3    Pease, J.E.4    Monk, P.N.5
  • 48
    • 10644276245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of G-protein-coupled receptor signalling and desensitization
    • Krasel, C.; Vilardaga, J.P.; Bunemann, M.; Lohse, M.J. Kinetics of G-protein-coupled receptor signalling and desensitization. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2004, 32, 1029-1031.
    • (2004) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.32 , pp. 1029-1031
    • Krasel, C.1    Vilardaga, J.P.2    Bunemann, M.3    Lohse, M.J.4
  • 49
    • 0025731025 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of actin polymerization in differentiating U937 cells correlates with increased membrane levels of the pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein Gi2
    • Sheth, B.; Banks, P.; Burton, D.R.; Monk, P.N. The regulation of actin polymerization in differentiating U937 cells correlates with increased membrane levels of the pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein Gi2. Biochem. J. 1991, 275, 809-811.
    • (1991) Biochem. J. , vol.275 , pp. 809-811
    • Sheth, B.1    Banks, P.2    Burton, D.R.3    Monk, P.N.4
  • 50
    • 20044381682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophages induce the inflammatory response in the pulmonary arthus reaction through Gαi2 activation that controls C5aR and Fc receptor cooperation
    • Skokowa, J.; Ali, S.R.; Felda, O.; Kumar, V.; Konrad, S.; Shushakova, N.; Schmidt, R.E.; Piekorz, R.P.; Nurnberg, B.; Spicher, K.; et al. Macrophages induce the inflammatory response in the pulmonary arthus reaction through Gαi2 activation that controls C5aR and Fc receptor cooperation. J. Immunol. 2005, 174, 3041-3050.
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.174 , pp. 3041-3050
    • Skokowa, J.1    Ali, S.R.2    Felda, O.3    Kumar, V.4    Konrad, S.5    Shushakova, N.6    Schmidt, R.E.7    Piekorz, R.P.8    Nurnberg, B.9    Spicher, K.10
  • 52
    • 0028670476 scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence that Gi-coupled receptor stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is mediated by G beta gamma activation of p21ras
    • Koch, W.J.; Hawes, B.E.; Allen, L.F.; Lefkowitz, R.J. Direct evidence that Gi-coupled receptor stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is mediated by G beta gamma activation of p21ras. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 12706-12710.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12706-12710
    • Koch, W.J.1    Hawes, B.E.2    Allen, L.F.3    Lefkowitz, R.J.4
  • 54
    • 0033932559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist-antagonist binding affinity difference as a measure of intrinsic activity in recombinant and native tissue systems
    • Watson, J.; Collin, L.; Ho, M.; Riley, G.; Scott, C.; Selkirk, J.V.; Price, G.W. 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist-antagonist binding affinity difference as a measure of intrinsic activity in recombinant and native tissue systems. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2000, 130, 1108-1114.
    • (2000) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.130 , pp. 1108-1114
    • Watson, J.1    Collin, L.2    Ho, M.3    Riley, G.4    Scott, C.5    Selkirk, J.V.6    Price, G.W.7
  • 55
    • 0034090285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid and cannabinoid receptors share a common pool of GTP-binding proteins in cotransfected cells, but not in cells which endogenously coexpress the receptors
    • Shapira, M.; Vogel, Z.; Sarne, Y. Opioid and cannabinoid receptors share a common pool of GTP-binding proteins in cotransfected cells, but not in cells which endogenously coexpress the receptors. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 2000, 20, 291-304.
    • (2000) Cell Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 291-304
    • Shapira, M.1    Vogel, Z.2    Sarne, Y.3
  • 56
    • 23944501304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterodimerization of G protein-coupled receptors: Specificity and functional significance
    • Prinster, S.C.; Hague, C.; Hall, R.A. Heterodimerization of G protein-coupled receptors: Specificity and functional significance. Pharmacol. Rev. 2005, 57, 289-298.
    • (2005) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 289-298
    • Prinster, S.C.1    Hague, C.2    Hall, R.A.3
  • 58
    • 24644496122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of dynamic mass redistribution of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in living cells measured with label-free optical biosensors
    • Fang, Y.; Ferrie, A.M.; Fontaine, N.H.; Yuen, P.K. Characteristics of dynamic mass redistribution of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in living cells measured with label-free optical biosensors. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5720-5725.
    • (2005) Anal. Chem. , vol.77 , pp. 5720-5725
    • Fang, Y.1    Ferrie, A.M.2    Fontaine, N.H.3    Yuen, P.K.4
  • 59
    • 36048969417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive optical biosensor for probing cell signaling
    • Fang, Y. Non-invasive optical biosensor for probing cell signaling. Sensors 2007, 7, 2316-2329.
    • (2007) Sensors , vol.7 , pp. 2316-2329
    • Fang, Y.1
  • 61
    • 70349758970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 100K well screen for a muscarinic receptor using the Epic label-free system-a reflection on the benefits of the label-free approach to screening seven-transmembrane receptors
    • Dodgson, K.; Gedge, L.; Murray, D.C.; Coldwell, M. A 100K well screen for a muscarinic receptor using the Epic label-free system-a reflection on the benefits of the label-free approach to screening seven-transmembrane receptors. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 2009, 29, 163-172.
    • (2009) J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 163-172
    • Dodgson, K.1    Gedge, L.2    Murray, D.C.3    Coldwell, M.4
  • 62
    • 24944547571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why drugs fail-a study on side effects in new chemical entities
    • Schuster, D.; Laggner, C.; Langer, T. Why drugs fail-a study on side effects in new chemical entities. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2005, 11, 3545-3559.
    • (2005) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.11 , pp. 3545-3559
    • Schuster, D.1    Laggner, C.2    Langer, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.