Structuring Case-Based Ethics Training: How Comparing Cases and Structured Prompts Influence Training Effectiveness

Ethics and Behavior

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 179-198

  Harkrider, Lauren N ^a   MacDougall, Alexandra E ^b   Bagdasarov, Zhanna ^b   Johnson, James F ^b   Thiel, Chase E ^c   Mumford, Michael D ^b   Connelly, Shane ^b   Devenport, Lynn D ^b  

^a Kenexa an IBM Company   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^c Management Department   (United States)

Author keywords

case comparison; case based learning; ethical decision making; structured prompts

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875846217     PISSN: 10508422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2012.728470     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Atkinson, T. N. 2008. Using creative writing techniques to enhance the case study method in research integrity and ethics courses. Journal of Academic Ethics, 6: 33-50.
2. Bernardin, H. J. and Buckley, M. R. 1981. Strategies in rater training. Academy of Management Review, 6: 205-212.
3. Brock, M. E., Vert, A., Kligyte, V., Waples, E. P., Sevier, S. T. and Mumford, M. D. 2008. Mental models: An alternative evaluation of a sensemaking approach to ethics instruction. Science and Engineering Ethics, 14: 449-472.
4. Chi, M. T. H., Feltovitch, P. J. and Glaser, R. 1981. Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices. Cognitive Science, 5: 121-152.
5. Eldridge, J. C., Lack, A. K., Peiffer, A. M. and Tytell, M. March 2012. RCR curriculum for graduate students at Wake Forest: Still evolving after 5 years, March, Washington, DC: Paper presented at the Sixth ORI Research on Research Integrity Conference.
6. Ertmer, P. A., Stepich, D. A., York, C. S., Stickman, A., Wu, X., Zurek, S. and Goktas, Y. 2008. How instructional design experts use knowledge and experience to solve ill-structured problems. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21: 17-42.
7. Ethics Resource Center. 2009. 2009 National Business Ethics Survey: Ethics in the recession, Arlington, VA: Ethics Resource Center.
8. Falkenberg, L. and Woiceshyn, J. 2008. Enhancing business ethics: Using cases to teach moral reasoning. Journal of Business Ethics, 79: 213-217.
9. Ge, X. and Land, S. M. 2004. A conceptual framework for scaffolding ill-structured problem-solving processes using question prompts and peer interactions. Educational Technology Research and Development, 52: 5-22.
10. Gentner, D., Loewenstein, J. and Thompson, L. 2003. Learning and transfer: A general role for analogical encoding. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95: 393-408.
11. Gentner, D., Loewenstein, J. and Thompson, L. 2004. "Analogical encoding: Facilitating knowledge transfer and integration". In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 452-457.
12. Gentner, D. and Markman, A. B. 1997. Structure-mapping in analogy and similarity. American Psychologist, 52: 45-56.
13. Gentner, D. and Namy, L. 1999. Comparison in the development of categories. Cognitive Development, 14: 487-513.
14. Gick, M. L. and Holyoak, K. J. 1980. Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psychology, 12: 306-355.
15. Gick, M. L. and Holyoak, K. J. 1983. Schema induction and analogical transfer. Cognitive Psychology, 15: 1-38.
16. Glynn, S. M. 2008. "Making science concepts meaningful to students: Teaching with analogies". In Four decades of research in science education: From curriculum development to quality improvement, Edited by: Mikelskis-Seifert, S., Ringelband, U. and Brückmann, M. 113-125. Germany, Waxman: Münster.
17. Goldstein, I. L. and Ford, J. K. 2002. Training in organizations: Needs assessment, development, and evaluation, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
18. Greenbank, P. 2009. Foundation degree students and their educational decision-making. Education and Training, 51: 259-271.
19. Hammond, K. J. 1989. Case-based planning, New York, NY: Academic Press.
20. Harkrider, L. N., Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Mumford, M. D., Johnson, J. F., Connelly, S. and Devenport, L. D. 2012. Improving case-based ethics training with codes of conduct and forecasting content. Ethics and Behavior, 22: 258-280.
21. Holyoak, K. J. and Koh, K. 1987. Surface and structural similarity in analogical transfer. Memory & Cognition, 15: 332-340.
22. Jonassen, D. H. 1997. Instructional design models for well-structured problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 45: 65-94.
23. Keefer, M. and Ashley, K. D. 2001. Case-based approaches to professional ethics: A systematic comparison of students' and ethicists' moral reasoning. Journal of Moral Education, 30: 377-398.
24. Kim, S., Phillips, W. R., Pinsky, L., Brock, D., Phillips, K. and Keary, J. 2006. A conceptual framework for developing teaching cases: A review and synthesis of the literature across disciplines. Medical Education, 40: 867-876.
25. Kitchener, K. S. 1983. Cognition, metacognition, and epistemic cognition: A three-level model of cognitive processing. Human Development, 26: 222-232.
26. Kolodner, J. L. 1993. Case-based reasoning, San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
27. Kolodner, J. L. 1997. Educational implications of analogy: A view from case-based reasoning. American Psychologist, 52: 57-66.
28. Kolodner, J. L., Hmelo, C. E. and Narayanan, N. H. July 1996. "Problem-based learning meets case-based reasoning". In Proceedings of ICLS '96, Edited by: Edelson, D. C. and Domeshek, E. A. July, 188-195. Charlottesville, VA: AACE.
29. Kolodner, J. L., Owensby, J. N. and Guzdial, M. 2004. "Case-based learning aids". In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, Edited by: Jonassen, D. H. 829-862. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Forensic, KPMG. 2009. Integrity survey 2008-2009 Retrieved April 10, 2012 fromhttp://us.kpmg.com/news/index.asp?cid=2954
31. Lancaster, J. S. and Kolodner, J. L. 1987. "Problem solving in a natural task as a function of experience". In Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of Cognitive Science Society, 715-726. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
32. Lee, H. and Bae, S. 2008. Issues in implementing a structured problem-based learning strategy in a volcano unit: A case study. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 6: 655-676.
33. Loewenstein, J., Thompson, L. and Gentner, D. 2003. Analogical learning in negation teams: Comparing cases promotes learning and transfer. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 2: 119-127.
34. Martinson, B. C., Anderson, M. S. and de Vries, R. 2005. Scientists behaving badly. Nature, 435: 737-738.
35. McCabe, D. L., Treviño, L. K. and Butterfield, K. D. 2006. Academic dishonesty in graduate business programs: Prevalence, causes, and proposed action, New York: Academy of Management Learning and Executive.
36. Menzel, D. C. 2009. Teaching and learning ethical reasoning with cases. Public Integrity, 11: 239-250.
37. Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S., Brown, R. P., Murphy, S. T., Hill, J. H., Antes, A. L., and Devenport, L. D. 2008. Sensemaking approach to ethics training for scientists: Preliminary evidence of training effectiveness. Ethics and Behavior, 18: 315-339.
38. Nilstun, T., Cuttini, M. and Saracci, R. 2001. Teaching medical ethics to experienced staff: Participants, teachers, and method. Journal of Medical Ethics, 27: 409-412.
39. Novick, L. 1988. Analogical transfer, problem similarity, and expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 14: 510-520.
40. Plinio, A. J., Young, J. M. and Lavery, L. M. 2010. The state of ethics in our society: A clear call for action. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 7: 172-197.
41. Rittle-Johnson, B. and Star, J. R. 2011. The power of comparison in learning and instruction: Learning outcomes supported by different types of comparisons. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 55: 199-225.
42. Ross, B. H. 1984. Reminding and their effects in learning a cognitive skill. Cognitive Psychology, 16: 371-416.
43. Ross, B. H. 1987. This is like that: The use of earlier problems and the separation of similarity effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13: 629-639.
44. Setia, S., Bobby, Z., Ananthanarayanan, P., Radhika, M., Kavitha, M. and Prashanth, T. 2011. Case based learning versus problem based learning: A direct comparison from first year medical students' perspectives. Webmed Central Medical Education, 2: 1-14.
45. Sonenshein, S. 2007. The role of construction, intuition, and justification in responding to ethical issues at work: The sensemaking-intuition model. Academy of Management Review, 4: 1022-1040.
46. Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J. and Mumford, M. D. 2012. Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking. Journal of Business Ethics, 107: 49-64.
47. Thiel, C. E., Connelly, S., Harkrider, L., Devenport, L. D., Bagdasarov, Z., Johnson, J. F. and Mumford, M. D. 2011. Case-based knowledge and ethics education: Improving learning and transfer through emotionally rich cases. Science and Engineering Ethics., Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s11948-011-9318-7
48. Thompson, L., Gentner, D. and Loewenstein, J. 2000. Avoiding missed opportunities in managerial life: Analogical training more powerful than individual case training. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82: 60-75.
49. Willoughby, T., Wood, E. and Kraftcheck, E. R. 2003. When can a lack of structure facilitate strategic processing of information?. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 73: 59-69.
50. Yamauchi, T. and Markman, A.B. 2000. Inference using categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26: 776-795.