메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 17-24

Asthma phenotypes today

Author keywords

Asthma; Bronchial hyperresponsiveness; Corticosterois; Eosinophils; Neutrophils; Therapy

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; LEBRIKIZUMAB; MEPOLIZUMAB; OMALIZUMAB;

EID: 84875401717     PISSN: 17641489     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (82)
  • 1
  • 2
    • 79959344460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007
    • Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3)
    • Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120 (5 suppl): S94-S138.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.120 , Issue.5 SUPPL.
  • 3
    • 33747750597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of severe asthma in adults
    • Holgate ST, Polosa R. The mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of severe asthma in adults. Lancet 2006; 368: 780-93.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 780-793
    • Holgate, S.T.1    Polosa, R.2
  • 4
    • 0010815539 scopus 로고
    • A clinical classification of asthma
    • Rackemann FM. A clinical classification of asthma. Am J Med Sci 1921; 12: 802-3.
    • (1921) Am J Med Sci , vol.12 , pp. 802-803
    • Rackemann, F.M.1
  • 5
    • 0028870592 scopus 로고
    • Asthma and Wheezing in the first Six Years of Life
    • Martinez F. Asthma and Wheezing in the first Six Years of Life. N Eng J Med 1995.
    • (1995) N Eng J Med
    • Martinez, F.1
  • 6
    • 47349123480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma: A syndrome composed of heterogeneus diseases
    • Borish L. Asthma: a syndrome composed of heterogeneus diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 101: 1-9.
    • (2008) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 1-9
    • Borish, L.1
  • 7
    • 33747756534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma: Defining of the persistent adult phenotypes
    • Wenzel SE. Asthma: defining of the persistent adult phenotypes. Lancet. 2006;368:804-813
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 804-813
    • Wenzel, S.E.1
  • 8
    • 0346041503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing severe asthma phenotypes: Role of age at onset and eosinophillic inflammation
    • Miranda C, Busacker A, Balzar S, et al. Distinguishing severe asthma phenotypes: role of age at onset and eosinophillic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113: 101-8.
    • (2004) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.113 , pp. 101-108
    • Miranda, C.1    Busacker, A.2    Balzar, S.3
  • 9
    • 57349101088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 17q21 variants and smoking exposure in early-onset asthma
    • Bouzigon E, Corda E, Aschard H, et al. Effect of 17q21 variants and smoking exposure in early-onset asthma. N Eng J Med 6; 359 (19):1985-94.
    • N Eng J Med 6 , vol.359 , Issue.19 , pp. 1985-1994
    • Bouzigon, E.1    Corda, E.2    Aschard, H.3
  • 11
    • 0035447569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with persistent airflow limitation in severe asthma
    • ten Brinke A, Zwinderman AH, Sterk PJ, et al. Factors associated with persistent airflow limitation in severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 744-8.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 744-748
    • ten Brinke, A.1    Zwinderman, A.H.2    Sterk, P.J.3
  • 12
    • 33847246296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled steroids are associated with reduced lung function decline in subjects with asthma with elevated total IgE
    • de Marco R, Marcon A, Jarvis D et al. Inhaled steroids are associated with reduced lung function decline in subjects with asthma with elevated total IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119 (3): 611-7.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 611-617
    • de Marco, R.1    Marcon, A.2    Jarvis, D.3
  • 13
    • 80255141811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term clinical and immunological effects of allergen immunotherapy
    • Eifan AO, Shamji MH, Durham SR. Long-term clinical and immunological effects of allergen immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 11 (6): 586-93.
    • (2011) Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 586-593
    • Eifan, A.O.1    Shamji, M.H.2    Durham, S.R.3
  • 14
    • 80054807482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific immunotherapy: Beyond the clinical scores
    • Passalacqua G. Specific immunotherapy: beyond the clinical scores. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 107 (5): 401-6.
    • (2011) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.107 , Issue.5 , pp. 401-406
    • Passalacqua, G.1
  • 16
    • 79952795093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized Trial of Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) for Asthma in Inner-City Children
    • Busse WW, Morgan WJ, Gergen PJ, et al. Randomized Trial of Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) for Asthma in Inner-City Children. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1005-15.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 1005-1015
    • Busse, W.W.1    Morgan, W.J.2    Gergen, P.J.3
  • 17
    • 11144356805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a recombinant anti-immunoglobulin E antibody (omalizumab) in severe allergic asthma
    • Holgate ST, Chuchalin AG, Hebert J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a recombinant anti-immunoglobulin E antibody (omalizumab) in severe allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34: 632-8.
    • (2004) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.34 , pp. 632-638
    • Holgate, S.T.1    Chuchalin, A.G.2    Hebert, J.3
  • 18
    • 0036850695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab improves asthma-related quality of life in patients with allergic asthma
    • Buhl R, Hanf G, Soler M et al. The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab improves asthma-related quality of life in patients with allergic asthma. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 1088-94.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.20 , pp. 1088-1094
    • Buhl, R.1    Hanf, G.2    Soler, M.3
  • 20
    • 0346334385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical phenotypes of asthma
    • Bel EH. Clinical phenotypes of asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2004; 10: 44-50.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.10 , pp. 44-50
    • Bel, E.H.1
  • 21
    • 0036724552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional polymorphism in the RANTES gene promoter is associated with the development of late-onset asthma
    • Hizawa N, Yamaguchi E, Konno S, et al. A functional polymorphism in the RANTES gene promoter is associated with the development of late-onset asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 686-90.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 686-690
    • Hizawa, N.1    Yamaguchi, E.2    Konno, S.3
  • 22
    • 37549020054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors associated with persistent airflow limitation in severe or difficult to-treat asthma: Insights from the TENOR Study
    • Lee JH, Haselkorn T, Borish L et al. Risk factors associated with persistent airflow limitation in severe or difficult to-treat asthma: insights from the TENOR Study. Chest 2007; 132: 1882-9.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 1882-1889
    • Lee, J.H.1    Haselkorn, T.2    Borish, L.3
  • 23
    • 67649224092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway remodeling in subjects with severe asthma with or without chronic persistent airflow obstruction
    • Kaminska M, Foley S, Maghni K et al. Airway remodeling in subjects with severe asthma with or without chronic persistent airflow obstruction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124: 45-51.
    • (2009) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.124 , pp. 45-51
    • Kaminska, M.1    Foley, S.2    Maghni, K.3
  • 24
    • 38049105621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors associated with irreversible airflow limitation in asthma
    • ten Brinke A. Risk factors associated with irreversible airflow limitation in asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 8 (1): 63-9.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-69
    • ten Brinke, A.1
  • 25
    • 27644447206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin sensitivity and severity of asthma: Evidence for irreversible airway obstruction in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma
    • Mascia K, Haselkorn T, Deniz YM et al. Aspirin sensitivity and severity of asthma: evidence for irreversible airway obstruction in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116: 970-5.
    • (2005) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.116 , pp. 970-975
    • Mascia, K.1    Haselkorn, T.2    Deniz, Y.M.3
  • 26
    • 2142709534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse respiratory reactions to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
    • Simon RA. Adverse respiratory reactions to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2004; 4: 17-24.
    • (2004) Curr Allergy Asthma Rep , vol.4 , pp. 17-24
    • Simon, R.A.1
  • 27
    • 0037387622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history and clinical features of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
    • Fahrenholz JM. Natural history and clinical features of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2003; 24: 113-24.
    • (2003) Clin Rev Allergy Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 113-124
    • Fahrenholz, J.M.1
  • 28
    • 57149099835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased levels of cysteinylleukotrienes in saliva, induced sputum, urine and blood from patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma
    • Gaber F, Daham K, Higashi A. Increased levels of cysteinylleukotrienes in saliva, induced sputum, urine and blood from patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. Thorax 2008; 63: 1076-1082.
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63 , pp. 1076-1082
    • Gaber, F.1    Daham, K.2    Higashi, A.3
  • 29
    • 0036142418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of Aspirin-Intolerant Asthma by Montelukast, a Leukotriene Antagonist
    • Dahlen SE, Malmstrom K, Nizankowska E, et al. Improvement of Aspirin-Intolerant Asthma by Montelukast, a Leukotriene Antagonist. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , pp. 165
    • Dahlen, S.E.1    Malmstrom, K.2    Nizankowska, E.3
  • 30
    • 0038405018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin-induced asthma: Advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management
    • Szczeklik A, Stevenson DD. Aspirin-induced asthma: advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 913-21.
    • (2003) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.111 , pp. 913-921
    • Szczeklik, A.1    Stevenson, D.D.2
  • 31
    • 0023831561 scopus 로고
    • Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma: Relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity
    • Wardlaw AJ, Dunnette S, Gleich GJ, et al. Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma: Relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137: 62-9.
    • (1988) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.137 , pp. 62-69
    • Wardlaw, A.J.1    Dunnette, S.2    Gleich, G.J.3
  • 32
    • 0036310908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-eosinophilic asthma: Importance and possible mechanisms
    • Douwes J, Gibson P, Pekkanen J, Pearce N. Non-eosinophilic asthma: importance and possible mechanisms. Thorax 2002; 57: 643-8.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 643-648
    • Douwes, J.1    Gibson, P.2    Pekkanen, J.3    Pearce, N.4
  • 33
    • 0032875377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that severe asthma can be divided pathologically into two inflammatory subtypes with distinct physiologic and clinical characteristics
    • Wenzel SE, Schwartz LB, Langmack EL, et al. Evidence that severe asthma can be divided pathologically into two inflammatory subtypes with distinct physiologic and clinical characteristics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 1001-8.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Wenzel, S.E.1    Schwartz, L.B.2    Langmack, E.L.3
  • 35
    • 0025037094 scopus 로고
    • Eosinophillic inflammation in asthma
    • Bousquet J, Chanez P, et al. Eosinophillic inflammation in asthma. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1033-9.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1033-1039
    • Bousquet, J.1    Chanez, P.2
  • 37
    • 20444506757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alveolar nitric oxide in adults with asthma: Evidence of distal lung inflammation in refractory asthma
    • Berry M, Hargadon B, Morgan A, et al. Alveolar nitric oxide in adults with asthma: evidence of distal lung inflammation in refractory asthma. Eur Respir J 2005; 25: 986-91.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.25 , pp. 986-991
    • Berry, M.1    Hargadon, B.2    Morgan, A.3
  • 38
    • 0033954741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between air-ways inflammation and asthma severity
    • Louis R, Lau LC, Brown A, et al. The relationship between air-ways inflammation and asthma severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 9-16.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 9-16
    • Louis, R.1    Lau, L.C.2    Brown, A.3
  • 39
    • 36749095585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological features and inhaled corticosteroid response of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma
    • Berry M, Morgan A, Shaw DE, et al. Pathological features and inhaled corticosteroid response of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma. Thorax 2007; 62 (12): 1043-9.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , Issue.12 , pp. 1043-1049
    • Berry, M.1    Morgan, A.2    Shaw, D.E.3
  • 40
    • 0035987316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein to predict steroid improvement in asthma
    • Meijer RP, Postma DS, Kauffman HF, et al. Accuracy of eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein to predict steroid improvement in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32 (7): 1096-103.
    • (2002) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 1096-1103
    • Meijer, R.P.1    Postma, D.S.2    Kauffman, H.F.3
  • 41
    • 80052438246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An official ATS clinical practice guideline: Interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications
    • Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184 (5): 602-15.
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.184 , Issue.5 , pp. 602-615
    • Dweik, R.A.1    Boggs, P.B.2    Erzurum, S.C.3
  • 42
    • 33344476409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining asthma treatment by monitoring sputum cell counts: Effect on exacerbations
    • Jayaram L, Pizzichini MM, Cook RJ, et al. Determining asthma treatment by monitoring sputum cell counts: effect on exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2006; 27: 483-94.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J , vol.27 , pp. 483-494
    • Jayaram, L.1    Pizzichini, M.M.2    Cook, R.J.3
  • 44
    • 61849086181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mepolizumab and exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma
    • Haldar P, Brightling CE, Hargadon B, et al. Mepolizumab and exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med 2009; 360 (10): 973-84.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.10 , pp. 973-984
    • Haldar, P.1    Brightling, C.E.2    Hargadon, B.3
  • 45
    • 61849155730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia
    • Nair P, Pizzichini MM, Kjarsgaard M, et al. Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia. N Engl J Med 2009; 360 (10): 985-93.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.10 , pp. 985-993
    • Nair, P.1    Pizzichini, M.M.2    Kjarsgaard, M.3
  • 46
    • 69249150516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-helper type 2-driven inflammation defines major subphenotypes of asthma
    • Woodruff PG, Modrek B, Choy DF, et al. T-helper type 2-driven inflammation defines major subphenotypes of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180: 388-95.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.180 , pp. 388-395
    • Woodruff, P.G.1    Modrek, B.2    Choy, D.F.3
  • 47
    • 80053084755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lebrikizumab treatment in adults with asthma
    • Corren J, Lemanske RF Jr, Hanania NA, et al. Lebrikizumab treatment in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1088-98.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 1088-1098
    • Corren, J.1    Lemanske Jr., R.F.2    Hanania, N.A.3
  • 48
    • 33645101537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory subtypes in asthma: Assessment and identification using induced sputum
    • Simpson JL, Scott R, Boyle MJ et al. Inflammatory subtypes in asthma: assessment and identification using induced sputum. Respirology 2006; 11: 54-61.
    • (2006) Respirology , vol.11 , pp. 54-61
    • Simpson, J.L.1    Scott, R.2    Boyle, M.J.3
  • 49
    • 0034942124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of airway inflammation in persistent asthma: Evidence of neutrophillic inflammation and increased sputum interleukin-8
    • ibson PG, Simpson JL, Saltos N. Heterogeneity of airway inflammation in persistent asthma: evidence of neutrophillic inflammation and increased sputum interleukin-8. Chest 2001; 119: 1329-36.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1329-1336
    • Ibson, P.G.1    Simpson, J.L.2    Saltos, N.3
  • 50
    • 0036310908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-eosinophilic asthma: Importance and possible mechanisms
    • Douwes J, Gibson P, Pekkanen J, et al. Non-eosinophilic asthma: importance and possible mechanisms. Thorax 2002; 57: 643-8.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 643-648
    • Douwes, J.1    Gibson, P.2    Pekkanen, J.3
  • 51
    • 70349850814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophilic air-way inflammation is a main feature of induced sputum in nonatopic asthmatic children
    • Drews AC, Pizzichini MM, Pizzichini E, et al. Neutrophilic air-way inflammation is a main feature of induced sputum in nonatopic asthmatic children. Allergy 2009; 64: 1597-601.
    • (2009) Allergy , vol.64 , pp. 1597-1601
    • Drews, A.C.1    Pizzichini, M.M.2    Pizzichini, E.3
  • 52
    • 0036795111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of induced sputum in adults with asthma: Identification of subgroup with isolated sputum neutrophilia and poor response to inhaled corticosteroids
    • Green RH, Brightling CE, Woltmann G, et al. Analysis of induced sputum in adults with asthma: identification of subgroup with isolated sputum neutrophilia and poor response to inhaled corticosteroids. Thorax 2002; 57: 875-9.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 875-879
    • Green, R.H.1    Brightling, C.E.2    Woltmann, G.3
  • 53
    • 80053091650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway inflammation is augmented by obesity and fatty acids in asthma
    • Scott HA, Gibson PG, Garg ML et al. Airway inflammation is augmented by obesity and fatty acids in asthma. Eur Respir J 2011; 38 (3): 594-602.
    • (2011) Eur Respir J , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 594-602
    • Scott, H.A.1    Gibson, P.G.2    Garg, M.L.3
  • 55
    • 0030859389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopic evaluation of severe asthma: Persistent inflammation associated with high dose glucocorticoids
    • Wenzel SE, Szefler SJ, Leung DYM, et al. Bronchoscopic evaluation of severe asthma: Persistent inflammation associated with high dose glucocorticoids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 737-43.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.156 , pp. 737-743
    • Wenzel, S.E.1    Szefler, S.J.2    Leung, D.Y.M.3
  • 56
    • 0027216415 scopus 로고
    • Sudden-onset fatal asthma-a distinct entity with few eosinophils and relatively more neutrophils in the airway submucosa?
    • Sur S, Crotty TB, Kephart GM, et al. Sudden-onset fatal asthma-a distinct entity with few eosinophils and relatively more neutrophils in the airway submucosa? Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 713-9.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , pp. 713-719
    • Sur, S.1    Crotty, T.B.2    Kephart, G.M.3
  • 57
    • 24644468131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to death, airway wall inflammation and remodelling in fatal asthma
    • James AL, Elliot JG, Abramson MJ, et al. Time to death, airway wall inflammation and remodelling in fatal asthma. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 429-34.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , pp. 429-434
    • James, A.L.1    Elliot, J.G.2    Abramson, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 33947588653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma
    • Simpson JL, Grissell TV, Douwes J, et al. Innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma. Thorax 2007; 62: 211-8.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 211-218
    • Simpson, J.L.1    Grissell, T.V.2    Douwes, J.3
  • 59
    • 0141927331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in human eosinophils: Mechanisms of action
    • Druilhe A, Letuve S, Pretolani M. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in human eosinophils: mechanisms of action. Apoptosis 2003; 8: 481-95.
    • (2003) Apoptosis , vol.8 , pp. 481-495
    • Druilhe, A.1    Letuve, S.2    Pretolani, M.3
  • 60
    • 77951979415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of steroid therapy on inflammatory cell subtypes in asthma
    • Cowan DC, Cowan JO, Palmay R et al. Effects of steroid therapy on inflammatory cell subtypes in asthma. Thorax 2010; 65: 384-90.
    • (2010) Thorax , vol.65 , pp. 384-390
    • Cowan, D.C.1    Cowan, J.O.2    Palmay, R.3
  • 61
    • 18744362435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of salmeterol on mucosal inflammation in asthma: A placebo-controlled study
    • Jeffery PK, Venge P, Gizycki MJ et al. Effects of salmeterol on mucosal inflammation in asthma: a placebo-controlled study. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 1378-85.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.20 , pp. 1378-1385
    • Jeffery, P.K.1    Venge, P.2    Gizycki, M.J.3
  • 62
    • 27144535903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formoterol attenuates neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma
    • Maneechotesuwan K, Essilfie-Quaye S, Meah S, et al. Formoterol attenuates neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Chest 2005; 128: 1936-42.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 1936-1942
    • Maneechotesuwan, K.1    Essilfie-Quaye, S.2    Meah, S.3
  • 63
    • 34247500507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New molecular targets for the treatment of neutrophilic diseases
    • Barnes PJ. New molecular targets for the treatment of neutrophilic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119: 1055-62.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.119 , pp. 1055-1062
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 64
    • 79961016525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium improves lung function in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma: A randomized controlled trial
    • Kerstjens HA, Disse B, Schroder-Babo W, et al. Tiotropium improves lung function in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128: 308-14.
    • (2011) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.128 , pp. 308-314
    • Kerstjens, H.A.1    Disse, B.2    Schroder-Babo, W.3
  • 65
    • 77957768543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium bromide step-up therapy for adults with uncontrolled asthma
    • Peters SP, Kunselman SJ, Icitovic N, et al. Tiotropium bromide step-up therapy for adults with uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1715-26.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 1715-1726
    • Peters, S.P.1    Kunselman, S.J.2    Icitovic, N.3
  • 66
    • 49649102385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium bromide is effective for severe asthma with noneosinophilic phenotype
    • Iwamoto H, Yokoyama A, Shiota N et al. Tiotropium bromide is effective for severe asthma with noneosinophilic phenotype. Eur Respir J 2008; 31 (6): 1379-80.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 1379-1380
    • Iwamoto, H.1    Yokoyama, A.2    Shiota, N.3
  • 67
    • 33644904643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of roflumilast, an oral anti-inflammatory, with beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of persistent asthma
    • Bousquet J, Aubier M, Sastre J, et al. Comparison of roflumilast, an oral anti-inflammatory, with beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of persistent asthma. Allergy 2006; 61: 72-8.
    • (2006) Allergy , vol.61 , pp. 72-78
    • Bousquet, J.1    Aubier, M.2    Sastre, J.3
  • 68
    • 78349262737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic macrolide therapy in inflammatory airways diseases
    • Friedlander AL, Albert RK. Chronic macrolide therapy in inflammatory airways diseases. Chest 2010; 138: 1202-12.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 1202-1212
    • Friedlander, A.L.1    Albert, R.K.2
  • 69
    • 38348998987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clarithromycin targets neutrophilic airway inflammation in refractory asthma
    • Simpson JL, Powell H, Boyle MJ, et al. Clarithromycin targets neutrophilic airway inflammation in refractory asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 148-55.
    • (2008) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.177 , pp. 148-155
    • Simpson, J.L.1    Powell, H.2    Boyle, M.J.3
  • 70
    • 78650277518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montelukast: More than a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist?
    • Tintinger GR, Feldman C, Theron AJ et al. Montelukast: more than a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist? ScientificWorld-Journal 2010; 10: 2403-13.
    • (2010) ScientificWorld-Journal , vol.10 , pp. 2403-2413
    • Tintinger, G.R.1    Feldman, C.2    Theron, A.J.3
  • 71
    • 78649756979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive inhibitory effects of formoterol and montelukast on activated human neutrophils
    • Gravett CM, Theron AJ, Steel HC et al. Interactive inhibitory effects of formoterol and montelukast on activated human neutrophils. Eur Respir J 2010; 36 (6): 1417-24.
    • (2010) Eur Respir J , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1417-1424
    • Gravett, C.M.1    Theron, A.J.2    Steel, H.C.3
  • 72
    • 32644490529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in refractory asthma
    • Berry MA, Hargadon B, Shelley M, et al. Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in refractory asthma. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 697-708.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 697-708
    • Berry, M.A.1    Hargadon, B.2    Shelley, M.3
  • 73
    • 28244479315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor (TNFalpha) as a novel therapeutic target in symptomatic corticosteroid dependent asthma
    • Howarth PH, Babu KS, Arshad HS, et al. Tumour necrosis factor (TNFalpha) as a novel therapeutic target in symptomatic corticosteroid dependent asthma. Thorax 2005; 60: 1012-8.
    • (2005) Thorax , vol.60 , pp. 1012-1018
    • Howarth, P.H.1    Babu, K.S.2    Arshad, H.S.3
  • 74
    • 62549084077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of TNF-a blockadein severe persistent asthma
    • Wenzel SE, Barnes PJ, Bleecker ER, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of TNF-a blockadein severe persistent asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179: 549-58.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.179 , pp. 549-558
    • Wenzel, S.E.1    Barnes, P.J.2    Bleecker, E.R.3
  • 75
    • 52049087356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotyping asthma: New insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease
    • Anderson GP. Endotyping asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease. Lancet. 2008; 372 (9643): 1107-19.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , Issue.9643 , pp. 1107-1119
    • Anderson, G.P.1
  • 76
    • 79551505136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma endotypes: A new approach to classification of disease entities within the asthma syndrome
    • Lotvall J, Akdis CA, Bacharier LB et al., Asthma endotypes: A new approach to classification of disease entities within the asthma syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127: 355-60.
    • (2011) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.127 , pp. 355-360
    • Lotvall, J.1    Akdis, C.A.2    Bacharier, L.B.3
  • 77
    • 84856845581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe asthma: From characteristics to phenotypes to endotypes
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Wenzel S. Severe asthma: from characteristics to phenotypes to endotypes Clin Exp Allergy 2012 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2012) Clin Exp Allergy
    • Wenzel, S.1
  • 78
    • 76149146032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the severe asthma research program
    • Moore WC, Meyers D, Wenzel SE, et al. Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the severe asthma research program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181: 315-23.
    • (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.181 , pp. 315-323
    • Moore, W.C.1    Meyers, D.2    Wenzel, S.E.3
  • 80
    • 67649160039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index and phenotype in subjects with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma
    • Sutherland ER, Lehman EB, Teodorescu M et al. Body mass index and phenotype in subjects with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123 (6): 1328-34.e1.
    • (2009) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.123 , Issue.6
    • Sutherland, E.R.1    Lehman, E.B.2    Teodorescu, M.3
  • 81
    • 0034712563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate and long term effects of weight reduction in obese people with asthma: Randomised controlled study
    • Stenius-Aarniala B, Poussa T, Kvarnström J, et al. Immediate and long term effects of weight reduction in obese people with asthma: randomised controlled study. BMJ 2000; 320 (7238): 827-32.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , Issue.7238 , pp. 827-832
    • Stenius-Aarniala, B.1    Poussa, T.2    Kvarnström, J.3
  • 82
    • 80052271343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma control, and inflammation
    • Dixon AE, Pratley RE, Forgione PM et al Effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma control, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128 (3): 508-15.
    • (2011) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.128 , Issue.3 , pp. 508-515
    • Dixon, A.E.1    Pratley, R.E.2    Forgione, P.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.