Bio-mimetic mechanisms of natural hierarchical materials: A review

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Volumn 19, Issue , 2013, Pages 3-33

  Chen, Qiang ^a   Pugno, Nicola M ^b  

^a SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bio mimetic mechanism; Hierarchical structure; Mechanical properties; Natural materials

Indexed keywords

BIO-INSPIRED MATERIALS; HIERARCHICAL MATERIALS; HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURES; NATURAL MATERIALS; NATURAL SELECTION; SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS;

BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS;

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;

CALCIUM CARBONATE;

ADHESION; ANIMAL SHELL; ARMADILLO; BIOMECHANICS; BIOMIMETICS; CRAB; CRYSTALLIZATION; DIATOM; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENERGY ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN BOND; LAMELLAR BODY; LOBSTER; MUSSEL; NACRE; NATURAL SCIENCE; NATURAL SELECTION; NONHUMAN; PLANT STEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; TENSILE STRENGTH; THROMBOCYTE; TURTLE;

ANIMAL SHELLS; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA; BIOMIMETICS; NACRE;

EID: 84875382335     PISSN: 17516161     EISSN: 18780180     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.10.012     Document Type: Review

References (221)

1. Ackbarow T., Chen X., Keten S., Buehler M.J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2007, 104:16410-16415.
2. Agnarsson I., Dhinojwala A., Sahni V., Blackledge T.A. Journal of Experimental Biology 2009, 212:1990-1994.
3. Aizenberg J., Hanson J., Ilan M., Leiserowitz L., Koetzle T.F., Addadi L., Weiner S. FASEB Journal 1995, 9:262-268.
4. Aizenberg J., Sundar C.V., Yablon D.A., Weaver C.J., Chen G. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2004, 101:3358-3363.
5. Aizenberg J., Weaver C.J., Thanawala S.M., Sundar C.V., Morse E.D., Fratzl P. Science 2005, 309:275-278.
6. Autumn K., Peattie A.M. Integrative and Comparative Biology 2002, 42:1081-1090.
7. Autumn K., Liang Y.A., Tonia Hsieh S., Zesch W., Chan W.P., Kenny T.W., Fearing R., Full R.J. Nature 2000, 405:681-684.
8. Autumn K., Sitti M., Liang Y.A., Peattie A.M., Hansen W.R., Sponberg S., Kenny T.W., Fearing R., Israelachvili J.N., Full R.J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2002, 99:12252-12256.
9. Autumn K., Dittmore A., Santos D., Spenko M., Cutkosky M. Journal of Experimental Biology 2006, 209:3569-3579.
10. Autumn K., Hsieh S.T., Dudek D.M., Chen J., Chitaphan C., Full R.J. Journal of Experimental Biology 2006, 209:260-272.
11. Balani K., Patel R.R., Keshri A.K., Lahiri D., Agarwal A. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2011, 4:1440-1451.
12. Barthelat F., Tang H., Zavattieri P.D., Li C.-M., Espinosa H.D. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2007, 55:306-337.
13. Becker N., Oroudjev E., Mutz S., Cleveland J.P., Hansma P.K., Hayashi C.Y., Makarov D.E., Hansma H.G. Nature Materials 2003, 2:278-283.
14. Begley M.R., Philips N.R., Compton B.G., Wilbrink D.V., Ritchie R.O., Utz M. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2012, 60:1545-1560.
15. Bejan A. Shape and Structure, from Engineering to Nature 2000, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
16. Bejan A. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2001, 44:699-704.
17. Bejan A. Journal of Experimental Biology 2005, 208:1677-1686.
18. Bertoldi K., Bigoni D., Drugan W.J. Composites Science and Technology 2008, 68:1363-1375.
19. Bhushan B., Jung Y.C. Progress in Materials Science 2011, 56:1-108.
20. Bosia F., Pugno N., Buehler M.J. Physical Review E 2010, 82:056103.
21. Bosia F., Abdalrahman T., Pugno N.M. Nanoscale 2012, 4:1200-1207.
22. Boutry C., Blackledge T.A. Journal of Experimental Biology 2010, 213:3505-3514.
23. Brianza S., Amelio P.D., Pugno N., Delise M., Bignardi C., Isaia G. Bone 2007, 40:1635-1642.
24. Buehler M.J., Ackbarow T. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 2008, 11:595-607.
25. Buehler M.J., Yao H., Gao H., Ji B. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 2006, 14:799-816.
26. Buehler M.J., Keten S., Ackbarow T. Progress in Materials Science 2008, 53:1101-1241.
27. Cetinkaya M., Xiao S., Markert B., Stacklies W., Gräter F. Biophysical Journal 2011, 100:1298-1305.
28. Chen B., Wu P.D., Gao H. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 2008, 464:1639-1652.
29. Chen I.H., Kiang J.M., Correa V., Lopez M.I., Chen P.Y., McKittrick J., Meyers M.A. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2011, 4:713-722.
30. Chen P.Y., Lin A.Y., McKittrick J., Meyers M.A. Acta Biomaterialia 2008, 4:587-596.
31. Chen P.Y., Lin A.Y., Lin Y.S., Seki Y., Stokes A.G., Peyras J., Olevsky E.A., Meyers M.A., McKittrick J. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2008, 1:208-226.
32. Chen Q., Pugno N. Advanced Engineering Materials 2011, 13:B377-B394.
33. Chen Q., Pugno N.M. Composites Part B 2011, 42:2030-2037.
34. Chen Q., Pugno N.M. EPL 2012, 98:16005.
35. Chen Q., Pugno N.M. European Journal of Mechanics A-Solids 2012, 34:120-129.
36. Chen Q., Pugno N.M. EPL 2012, 97:26002.
37. Chen Q., Pugno N.M. European Journal of Mechanics A-Solids 2013, 37:248-255.
38. Cheng Y.T., Rodak D.E., Wong C.A., Hayden C.A. Nanotechnology 2006, 17:1359-1362.
39. Clegg W.J., Kendall K., Alford N.M., Button T.W., Birchall J.D. Nature 1990, 347:455-457.
40. Colgin M.A., Lewis R. Protein Science 1998, 7:667-672.
41. Coluci V.R., Pugno N., Dantas S.O., Galvao D.S., Jorio A. Nanotechnology 2007, 18:335702.
42. Cox B.N., Marshall D.B. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 1994, 42:341-363.
43. Cranford S.W., Tarakanova A., Pugno N.M., Buehler M.J. Nature 2012, 482:72-76.
44. Curry J.D. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 1977, 196:443-463.
45. Curry J.D. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2010, 3:357-372.
46. Delsanto P.P., Condat C.A., Pugno N., Gliozzi A., Griffa M. Journal of Theoretical Biology 2008, 250:16-24.
47. Delsanto P.P., Gliozzi A., Bruno C., Pugno N., Carpinteri A. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2009, 41:2782-2786.
48. Du N., Liu X., Narayanan J., Li L., Lek Min Lim M., Li D. Biophysical Journal 2006, 91:4528-4535.
49. Du N., Yang Z., Liu X., Li Y., Xu H. Advanced Functional Materials 2011, 21:772-778.
50. Dugdale D.S. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1960, 8:100-104.
51. Emile O., Le Floch A., Vollrath F. Nature 2006, 440:621.
52. Espinosa H.D., Rim J.E., Barthelat F., Buehler M.J. Progress in Materials Science 2009, 54:1059-1100.
53. Espinosa H.D., Juster A.L., Latourte F.J., Loh O.Y., Gregoire D., Zavattieri P.D. Nature Communications 2011, 2:173.
54. Estrin Y., Dyskin A.V., Pasternak E. Materials Science and Engineering C 2010, 31:1189-1194.
55. Euler M. Physics Education 2008, 43:57-61.
56. Evans L.S., Kahn-Jetter Z., Marks C., Harmoney K.R. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 2007, 134:458-467.
57. Fabritius H., Sachs C., Romano P., Raabe D. Advanced Materials 2009, 21:391-400.
58. Foelix R. Biology of Spiders 1996, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
59. Fratzl P. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 2007, 4:637-642.
60. Fratzl P., Fischer F.D., Svoboda J., Aizenberg J. Acta Biomaterialia 2010, 6:1001-1005.
61. Fraztl P., Weinkamer R. Progress in Materials Science 2007, 52:1263-1334.
62. Gao H., Yao H. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2004, 101:7851-7856.
63. Gao H., Ji B., Buehler M.J., Yao H. Mechanics and Chemistry of Biosystems 2004, 1:37-52.
64. Gao H., Wang X., Yao H., Gorb S., Arzt E. Materials of Mechanics 2005, 37:275-285.
65. Gao H., Ji B., Jäger I.L., Arzt E., Fratzl P. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2003, 100:5597-5600.
66. Garcia A., Sen D., Buehler M.J. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 2011, 42:3889-3897.
67. Garcia A., Pugno N., Buehler M.J. Advanced Engineering Materials 2011, 13:B405-B414.
68. Gebeshuber I.C., Stachelberger H., Ganji B.A., Fu D.C., Yunas J., Majlis B.Y. Advanced Materials Research 2009, 74:265-268.
69. Geim A.K., Dubonos S.V., Grigorieva I.V., Novoselov K.S., Zhukov A.A., Shapoval S.Y. Nature Materials 2003, 2:461-463.
70. Gibson L.J. Journal of Biomechanics 2005, 38:377-399.
71. Gibson L.J., Ashby M.F. Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2nd ed.
72. Giesa T., Arslan M., Pugno N.M., Buehler M.J. Nano Letters 2011, 11:5038-5046.
73. Giesa, T., Pugno, N.M., Buehler, M.J., 2012. Physical Review E 86, 041902.
74. Gilbert S.F., Loredo G.A., Brukman A., Burke A.C. Evolutionary and Development 2001, 3:47-58.
75. Gosline J.M., Guerette P.A., Ortlepp C.S., Savage K.N. Journal of Experimental Biology 1999, 202:3295-3303.
76. Gong B., Chen Q., Wang D. Materials Letters 2012, 67:165-168.
77. Guiot C., Delsanto P.P., Carpinteri A., Pugno N., Mansury Y., Deisboeck T.S. Journal of Theoretical Biology 2006, 240:459-463.
78. Guiot, C., Pugno, N., Delsanto, P.P., Deisboeck ,T.S., 2007. Physical Biology 4, P1-P6.
79. Hamm C.E., Merkel R., Springer O., Jurkojc P., Maier C., Prechtel K., Smetacek V. Nature 2003, 421:841-843.
80. Hansen W.R., Autumn K. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2005, 102:385-389.
81. Harrington M.J., Masic A., Holten-Andersen N., Waite J.H., Fratzl P. Science 2010, 328:216-220.
82. Hayashi C.Y., Lewis R. Journal of Molecular Biology 1998, 275:773-784.
83. Hildebrand M., York E., Kelz J.I., Davis A.K., Frigeri L.G., Allison D.P., Doktycz M.J. Journal of Materials Research 2006, 21:2689-2698.
84. Hildebrand M., Doktycz M.J., Allison D.P. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 2008, 456:127-137.
85. Hildebrand M., Holton G., Joy D.C., Doktycz M.J., Allison D.P. Journal of Microscopy 2009, 235:172-187.
86. Hofstetter K., Gamstedt E.K. Holzforschung 2008, 63:130-138.
87. Holten-Andersen N., Mates T.E., Toprak M.S., Stucky G.D., Zok F.W., Waite J.H. Langmuir 2009, 25:3323-3326.
88. Holten-Andersen N., Harrington M.J., Birkedal H., Lee B.P., Messersmith P.B., Lee K.Y., Waite J.H. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2011, 108:2651-2655.
89. Huber G., Mantz H., Spolenak R., Mecke K., Jacobs K., Gorb S.N., Arzt E. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2005, 102:16293-16296.
90. Huemmerich D., Scheibel T., Vollrath F., Cohen S., Gat U., Ittah S. Current Biology 2004, 14:2070-2074.
91. Huebsch N., Mooney D.J. Nature 2009, 462:426-432.
92. Hwang D.S., Zeng H., Masic A., Harrington M.J., Israelachvili J.N., Waite J.H. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010, 285:25850-25858.
93. Ilan M., Aizenberg J., Gilor O. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 1996, 263:133-139.
94. Jackson A.P., Vincent J.F.V. Composite Science and Engineering 1989, 36:255-266.
95. Jackson A.P., Vincent J.F.V., Turner R.M. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 1988, 234:415-440.
96. Jäger I., Fratzl P. Biophysical Journal 2000, 79:1737-1746.
97. Jagota A., Hui C.-Y. Materials Science and Engineering R 2011, 72:253-292.
98. Ji B. Journal of Biomechanics 2008, 41:259-266.
99. Ji B., Gao H.J. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2004, 52:1963-1990.
100. Kamat S., Su X., Ballarini R., Heuer A.H. Nature 2000, 405:1036-1040.
101. Kamat S., Kessler H., Ballarini R., Nassirou M., Heuer A.H. Acta Materialia 2004, 52:2395-2406.
102. Kaplan D.L. Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science 1998, 3:232-236.
103. Karam G.N., Gibson L.J. Materials Science and Engineering C 1994, 2:113-132.
104. Karam G.N., Gibson L.J. International Journal of Solids and Structures 1995, 32:1259-1283.
105. Karam G.N., Gibson L.J. International Journal of Solids and Structures 1995, 32:1284-1306.
106. Kelly S.P., Sensenig A., Lorentz K.A., Blackledge T.A. Zoology 2011, 114:233-238.
107. Keten, S., Buehler, M.J., 2008. Physical Review Letters 100, 198301.
108. Keten S., Buehler M.J. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 2010, 7:1709-1721.
109. Keten S., Xu Z., Ihle B., Buehler M.J. Nature Materials 2010, 9:359-367.
110. Krauss S., Monsonego-Ornan E., Zelzer E., Fratzl P., Shahar R. Advanced Materials 2009, 21:407-412.
111. Kuraku S., Usuda R., Kuratani S. Evolution and Development 2005, 7:3-17.
112. Lakes R. Nature 1993, 361:511-515.
113. Launey M.E., Ritchie R.O. Advanced Materials 2009, 21:2103-2110.
114. Lee H., Lee B.P., Messersmith P.B. Nature 2007, 448:338-341.
115. Lepore E., Pugno N. BioNanoscience 2011, 1:136-143.
116. Lepore E., Antoniolli F., Buono M., Brianza S., Carpinteri A., Pugno N. Journal of Nanomaterials 2008, 194:524-528.
117. Lepore E., Pugno F., Pugno N.M. J. Adhesion 2012, 88:820-830.
118. Lepore E., Marchioro A., Isaia M., Buehler M.J., Pugno N. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e30500.
119. Li X. Journal of the Minerals Metals & Materials Society 2007, 59:71-74.
120. Li X., Chang W.C., Chao Y.J., Wang R., Chang M. Nano Letters 2004, 4:613-617.
121. Lin A.Y.M., Meyers M.A. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2009, 2:607-612.
122. Lin A.Y.M., Meyers M.A., Vecchio K.S. Materials Science and Engineering C 2006, 26:1380-1389.
123. Lin Q., Gourdon D., Sun C.J., Holten-Andersen N., Anderson T.H., Waite J.H., Israelachvili J.N. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2007, 104:3782-3786.
124. Liu Y., Shao Z., Vollrath F. Nature Materials 2005, 4:901-905.
125. Lin Q., Gourdon D., Sun C., Holten Andersen N., Anderson T.H., Herbert-Waite J., Israelachvili J.N. Proceedings of the National Academy Science 2007, 104:3782-3786.
126. Losic D., Pillar R.J., Dilger T., Mitchell J.G., Voelcker N.H. Journal of Porous Materials 2007, 14:61-69.
127. Meyers M.A., Chen P.Y., Lin A.Y.M., Seki Y. Progress in Materials Science 2008, 53:1-206.
128. Meyers M.A., Lin A.Y.M., Chen P.Y., Muyco J. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2008, 1:76-85.
129. Mita K., Ichimura S., James T. Journal of Molecular Evolution 1994, 38:583-592.
130. Mohedas I., Garcia A.P., Buehler M.J. Proceedings of the IMechE Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 2011, 224:93-100.
131. Moutos F.T., Freed L.E., Guilak F. Nature Materials 2007, 6:162-167.
132. Niklas K.J. Annals of Botany 1997, 80:275-287.
133. Niklas K.J. Annals of Botany 1997, 80:437-448.
134. Niklas K.J. Annals of Botany 1998, 81:11-21.
135. Nikolov S., Petrov M., Lymperakis L., Friák M., Sachs S., Fabritius H., Raabe D., Neugebauer J. Advanced Materials 2010, 22:519-526.
136. Nova A., Keten S., Pugno N., Redaelli A., Buehler M.J. Nano Letters 2010, 10:2626-2634.
137. Pantano A., Pugno N., Gorb S. International Journal of Fracture 2011, 171:169-175.
138. Papka S.D., Kyriakides S. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1994, 42:1499-1532.
139. Papka S.D., Kyriakides S. International Journal of Solids and Structures 1998, 35:239-267.
140. Papka S.D., Kyriakides S. Acta Materialia 1998, 46:2765-2776.
141. Pérez-Rigueiro P., Elices M., Plaza G., Real J.I., Guinea G.V. Journal of Experimental Biology 2005, 208:2633-2639.
142. Persson B.N.J. Journal of Chemical Physics 2003, 118:7614-7621.
143. Persson B.N.J., Gorb S. Journal of Chemical Physics 2003, 119:11437-11444.
144. Pokroy B., Aichmayer B., Schenk A.S., Haimov B., Kang S.H., Fratzl P., Aizenberg J. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010, 132:14355-14357.
145. Porter D., Vollrath F., Shao Z. European Physics Journal E 2005, 16:199-206.
146. Prowse M.S., Wilkinson M., Puthoff J.B., Mayer G., Autumn K. Acta Materialia 2011, 7:733-738.
147. Pugno N. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2007, 19:395001.
148. Pugno N. Nano Today 2008, 3:35-41.
149. Pugno N. Materials Today 2010, 13:40-43.
150. Pugno N. International Journal of Fracture 2011, 171:185-193.
151. Pugno N., Abdalrahman T. International Space Elevator Consortium, CLIMB 2011, 1:77-84.
152. Pugno N., Lepore E. Journal of Adhesion 2008, 89:949-962.
153. Pugno N., Lepore E. Biosystem 2008, 94:218-222.
154. Pugno N., Carpinteri A., Delsanto.P.P., Bosia F., Gliozzi A. Physical Review E 2008, 78:046103-1/5.
155. Pugno N., Bosia F., Carpinteri A. Small 2008, 4:1044-1052.
156. Pugno N., Lepore E., Toscano S., Pugno F. J. Adhesion 2011, 87:1059-1072.
157. Pugno N., Bosia F., Abdalrahman T. Physical Review E 2012, 85:011903.
158. Pugno N.M. Nanotechnology 2006, 17:5480-5484.
159. Qin Z., Buehler M.J. ACS Nano 2011, 5:3034-3042.
160. Qin Z., Kreplak L., Buehler M.J. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e7294.
161. Qin, Z., Buehler, M.J., 2012. Applied Physics Letters 101, 083702.
162. Qing H., Mishnaevsky L. Mechanics of Materials 2009, 41:1034-1049.
163. Raabe D., Sachs C., Romano P. Acta Materialia 2005, 53:4281-4292.
164. Raabe D., Romano P., Sachs C., Al-Sawalmih A., Brokmeier H.-G., Yi S.-B., Servos G., Hartwig H.G. Journal of Crystal Growth 2005, 283:1-7.
165. Raabe D., Romano P., Sachs C., Fabritius H., Al-Sawalmih A., Yi S.-B., Servos G., Hartwig H.G. Materials Science and Engineering A 2006, 421:143-153.
166. Raabe D., Al-Sawalmih A., Yi S.B., Fabritius H. Acta Biomaterials 2007, 3:882-895.
167. Rafsanjani A., Derome D., Wittel F.K., Carmeliet J. Composites Science and Technology 2012, 72:744-751.
168. Rhee H., Horstemeyer M.F., Hwang Y., Lim H., El Kadiri H., Trim W. Materials Science and Engineering C 2009, 29:2333-2339.
169. Rhee H., Horstemeyer M.F., Ramsay A. Materials Science and Engineering C 2011, 31:363-369.
170. Rieppel O. Science 2009, 325:154-155.
171. Rim J.E., Zavattieri P., Juster A., Espinosa H.D. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical 2011, 4:190-211.
172. Ritchie R.O. Materials Science and Engineering A 1988, 103:15-28.
173. Ritchie R.O., Buehler M.J., Hansma P. Physics Today 2009, 62:41-47.
174. Romano P., Fabritius H., Raabe D. Acta Biomaterials 2007, 3:301-309.
175. Rousseau M., Lopez E., Couté A., Mascarel G., Smith D.C., Naslain R., Bourrat X. Journal of Structural Biology 2005, 149:149-157.
176. Rousseau M., Meibom A., Gèze M., Bourrat X., Angellier M., Lopez E. Journal of Structural Biology 2009, 165:190-195.
177. Russell A.P. Journal of Zoology London 1975, 176:437-476.
178. Sachs C., Fabritius H., Raabe D. Journal of Structural Biology 2006, 155:409-425.
179. Sachs C., Fabritius H., Raabe D. Journal of Materials Research 2006, 21:1987-1995.
180. Sachs C., Fabritius H., Raabe D. Journal of Structural Biology 2008, 161:120-132.
181. Savage K.N., Gosline J.M. Journal of Experimental Biology 2008, 211:1948-1957.
182. Schäffer T.E., Zanetti C.I., Proksch R., Fritz M., Walters D.A., Almqvist N., Zaremba C.M., Belcher A.M., Smith B.L., Stucky G.D., Morse D.E., Hansma P.K. Chemistry of Materials 1997, 9:1731-1740.
183. Schulgasser K., Witztum A. Annals of Botany 1997, 80:35-44.
184. Sen D., Buehler M.J. Science Reports 2011, 35:1.
185. Sen D., Garcia A., Buehler M.J. Journal of Nanomechanics and Micromechanics 2011, 1:112-118.
186. Shafiq Z., Cui J., Pastor-Pérez L., San Miguel V., Gropeanu R.A., Serrano C., del Campo A. Angewandte Chemie 2012, 124:4408-4411.
187. Smith B.L., Schäffer T.E., Viani M., Thompson J.B., Frederick N.A., Kindt J., Belcher A., Stucky G.D., Morse D.E., Hansma P.K. Nature 1999, 399:761-763.
188. Song F., Soh A.K., Bai Y.L. Biomaterials 2003, 24:3623-3631.
189. Srinivasan A.V., Haritos G.K., Hedberg F.L. Applied Mechanics Reviews 1991, 44:463-481.
190. Stempflé P.H., Pantalé O. Nanotechnology 2007, 4:712-729.
191. Stempflé P.H., Pantalé O., Rousseau M., Lopez E., Bourrat X. Materials Science and Engineering C 2010, 30:715-721.
192. Sumper M., Kröger N. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2004, 14:2059-2065.
193. Sundar C.V., Yablon D.A., Grazul L.J., Ilan M., Aizenberg J. Nature 2003, 424:899-900.
194. Tang H., Barthelat F., Espinosa H.D. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2007, 55:1410-1538.
195. Tang H., Buehler M.J., Moran B. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2009, 37:1117-1130.
196. Tesson B., Hildebrand M. Journal of Structural Biology 2010, 169:62-74.
197. Thompson D.W. On Growth and Form 1945, Cambridge University Press, New York, (pp. 789-804).
198. Tian Y., Pesika N., Zeng H., Rosenberg K., Zhao B., McGuiggan P., Autumn K. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006, 103:19320-19325.
199. Truman R. Southern Medical Journal 2008, 101:581-582.
200. Truman R.W., Kumaresan J.A., Mcdonough C.M., Job C.K., Hastings R.C. Epidemiology and Infection 1991, 106:549-560.
201. Valle L.D., Nardi A., Toni M., Emera D., Alibardi L. Journal of Anatomy 2009, 214:284-300.
202. Varenberg M., Pugno N., Gorb S. Soft Matter 2010, 6:3269-3272.
203. Venner S., Casas JérÔme Proceedings of the Royal Society B 2005, 272:1587-1592.
204. Vickaryous M.K., Hall B.K. Journal of Morphology 2006, 267:1273-1283.
205. Vollrath F. Reviews in Molecular Biotechnology 2000, 74:67-83.
206. Waite J.H., Holten-Andersen N., Jewhurst S., Sun C.J. Journal of Adhesion 2005, 81:297-317.
207. Wang R.Z., Suo Z., Evans A.G., Yao N., Aksay I.A. Journal of Materials Research 2001, 16:2485-2493.
208. Weaver J.C., Aizenberg J., Fantner G.E., Kisailus D., Woesz A., Allen P., Fields K., Porter M.J., Zok F.W., Hansma P.K., Fratzl P., Morse D.E. Journal of Structural Biology 2007, 158:93-106.
209. Wegst U.G.K., Ashby M.F. Philosophical Magazine 2004, 84:2167-2181.
210. Wegst U.G.K., Ashby M.F. Journal of Materials Science 2007, 42:9005-9014.
211. West G.B., Brown J.H., Enquist B.J. Science 1997, 276:122-126.
212. Wilbrink D.V., Utz M., Ritchie R.O., Begley M.R. Applied Physics Letters 2010, 97:193701.
213. Wong T.-S., Kang S.H., Tang S.K.Y., Smythe E.J., Hatton B.D., Grinthal A., Aizenberg J. Nature 2012, 477:443-447.
214. Work R.W. Textile Research Journal 1977, 47:650-662.
215. Xu Z.-H., Li X. Advanced Functional Materials 2011, 21:3883-3888.
216. Yang Y., Chen X., Shao Z., Zhou P., Porter D., Knight D.P., Vollrath F. Advanced Materials 2005, 17:84-88.
217. Yao H., Gao H. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2006, 54:1120-1146.
218. Zeng H., Hwang D.S., Israelachvili J.N., Waite J.H. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010, 107:12850-12853.
219. Zhang K., Duan H.L., Karihaloo B.L., Wang J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010, 107:9502-9506.
220. Zhao H., Waite J.H. Biochemistry 2006, 45:26150-29158.
221. Zhou H., Zhang Y. Physical Review Letters 2005, 94:028104.