Modes of mechanical failure of hollow, septate stems

Annals of Botany

Volumn 81, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 11-21

  Niklas, Karl J ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Brazier buckling; Finite element analyses; Internodes; Mechanical failure; Plants; Stem flexure; Stem nodes

Indexed keywords

ARUNDINARIA; ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA TECTA; POACEAE;

EID: 0031933387     PISSN: 03057364     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1997.0505     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Ades CS. 1957. Bending strength of tubing in the plastic range. Journal of Aeronautical Sciences 24: 605-610.
2. Axelrad EL. 1984. Flexible shells. In: Alexlrad EL, Emmerling FA, eds. Flexible shells, theory and applications. Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 44-63.
3. Blevins RD. 1987. Formulas far natural frequency and mode shape. Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company.
4. Brazier LG. 1927. On the flexure of thin cylindrical shells and other 'thin' sections. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 116: 104-114.
5. Cottrell AH. 1964. The mechanical properties of matter. New York: John Wiley.
6. Ennos AR. 1993. The mechanics of the flower stem of the sedge Carex acutiformis. Annals of Botany 72: 123-127.
7. Foley DC. 1983. Mechanical properties of Zea mays stems. Iowa State Journal of Research 58: 235-246.
8. Hitchcock AS. 1935. Manual of the grasses of the United States. Washington DC: U.S. Printing Office.
9. Keller HB, Keener JP. 1972. Perturbed bifurcation and buckling of circular plates. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 280: 286-293.
10. Kull U, Herbig A, Otto F. 1992. Construction and economy of plant stems as revealed by the use of the Bic-method. Annals of Botany 69: 327-334.
11. Lu R-F, Bartsch JA, Ruina A. 1987. Structural stability of the corn stalk. American Society of Agricultural Engineering. Paper No. 87-6066: 1-16.
12. Mattheck C. 1992. Design in der Natur. Der Baum als Lehrmeister. Freiburg: Rombach Verlag.
13. Mattheck C, Bethge K, West PW. 1994. Breakage of hollow tree stems. Trees (Berlin) 9: 47-50.
14. Niklas KJ. 1977. Applications of finite element analyses to problems in plant morphology. Annals of Botany 41: 133-153.
15. Niklas KJ. 1989a. Nodal septa and the rigidity of aerial shoots of Equisetum hyemale. American Journal of Botany 76: 521-531.
16. Niklas KJ. 1989b. Mechanical behavior of plant tissues as inferred from the theory of pressurized cellular solids. American Journal of Butany 76: 929-937.
17. Niklas KJ. 1992. Plant biomechanics: an engineering approach to plant form and function. Chicago Ill: University of Chicago Press.
18. Oden JT. 1972. Finite elements of nonlinear continua. New York: McGraw-Hill.
19. Reissner E. 1959. On finite bending of pressurized tubes. Journal of Applied Mechanics 26: 386-392.
20. Schulgasser K, Witztum A. 1992. On the strength, stiffness and stability of tubular plant stems and leaves. Journal of Theoretical Biology 155: 497-515.
21. Seide P, Weingarten V. 1961. On the buckling of cylindrical circular shells under pure bending. Journal of Applied Mechanics 28: 112-116.
22. Spatz H-C, Beismann H, Brüchert F, Emanns A, Speck T. 1997. Biomechanics of the giant reed Arundo donax. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 352: 1-10.
23. Spatz H-C, Beismann H, Emmans A, Speck T. 1995. Mechanical anisotropy and inhomogeneity in the tissues comprising the hollow stem of the giant reed Arundo donax. Biomimetics 3: 141-155.
24. Spatz H-C, Boomgaarden C, Speck T. 1993. Contribution to the biomechanics of Plants. III. Experimental and theoretical studies of local buckling. Botanica Acta 106: 254-264.
25. Spatz H-C, Speck T. 1994. Local buckling and other modes of failure in hollow plant stems. Biomimetics 2: 149-173.
26. Spatz H-C, Speck T, Vogellehner D. 1990. Contributions to the biomechanics of plants. II. Stability against local buckling in hollow plant stems. Botanica Acta 103: 123-130.
27. Speck T. 1994. Bending stability of plant stems: Ontological, ecological, and physiological aspects. Biomimetics 2: 109-128.
28. Timoshenko SP, Gere JM. 1961. Theory of elastic stability. New York: McGraw-Hill.
29. Vincent J. 1990. Structural biomaterials. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
30. Vogel S. 1989. Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds. Journal of Experimental Botany 40: 941-948.
31. Vogel S. 1992. Twist-to-bend ratios and cross-sectional shapes of petioles and stems. Journal of Experimental Botany 43: 1527-1532.
32. Vogel S. 1995. Twist-to-bend ratios of woody structures. Journal of Experimental Botany 46: 981-985.
33. Wainwright SA, Biggs WD, Currey JD, Gosline JM. 1976. Mechanical design in organisms. Princeton NJ : Princeton University Press.
34. Wessolly L. 1993. Stand- und Bruchsicherheit von Bäumen. Leistungsfähigkeit und Grensen der Zugversuche. Das Gartenant 42: 486-491.