RNA polymerase III repression by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms

Volumn 1829, Issue 3-4, 2013, Pages 385-392

  Gjidoda, Alison ^a   Henry, R William ^a  

^a Michigan State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Cell cycle; Chromatin; Repression; Retinoblastoma; RNA polymerase III; Transcription

Indexed keywords

CASEIN KINASE II; DNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE III; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; POLO LIKE KINASE 1; RAS PROTEIN; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; RNA 5S; SNAP43 PROTEIN; SNAP50 PROTEIN; TATA BINDING PROTEIN; TRANSFER RNA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CANCER INHIBITION; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL AGING; CELL CYCLE ARREST; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; GENE REPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; DOWN-REGULATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; RETINAL NEOPLASMS; RETINOBLASTOMA; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; RNA POLYMERASE III; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 84875246124     PISSN: 18749399     EISSN: 18764320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.09.011     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. Knudson A.G. Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1971, 68:820-823.
2. Lee W.H., Bookstein R., Hong F., Young L.J., Shew J.Y., Lee E.Y. Human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene: cloning, identification, and sequence. Science 1987, 235:1394-1399.
3. Lee W.H., Shew J.Y., Hong F.D., Sery T.W., Donoso L.A., Young L.J., Bookstein R., Lee E.Y. The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein associated with DNA binding activity. Nature 1987, 329:642-645.
4. Horowitz J.M., Park S.H., Bogenmann E., Cheng J.C., Yandell D.W., Kaye F.J., Minna J.D., Dryja T.P., Weinberg R.A. Frequent inactivation of the retinoblastoma anti-oncogene is restricted to a subset of human tumor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1990, 87:2775-2779.
5. Wikenheiser-Brokamp K.A. Retinoblastoma regulatory pathway in lung cancer. Curr. Mol. Med. 2006, 6:783-793.
6. Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 2011, 144:646-674.
7. Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000, 100:57-70.
8. Buchkovich K., Duffy L.A., Harlow E. The retinoblastoma protein is phosphorylated during specific phases of the cell cycle. Cell 1989, 58:1097-1105.
9. Chen P.L., Scully P., Shew J.Y., Wang J.Y., Lee W.H. Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product is modulated during the cell cycle and cellular differentiation. Cell 1989, 58:1193-1198.
10. DeCaprio J.A., Ludlow J.W., Lynch D., Furukawa Y., Griffin J., Piwnica-Worms H., Huang C.M., Livingston D.M. The product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene has properties of a cell cycle regulatory element. Cell 1989, 58:1085-1095.
11. Mihara K., Cao X.R., Yen A., Chandler S., Driscoll B., Murphree A.L., T'Ang A., Fung Y.K. Cell cycle-dependent regulation of phosphorylation of the human retinoblastoma gene product. Science 1989, 246:1300-1303.
12. Ludlow J.W., Shon J., Pipas J.M., Livingston D.M., DeCaprio J.A. The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product undergoes cell cycle-dependent dephosphorylation and binding to and release from SV40 large T. Cell 1990, 60:387-396.
13. Goodrich D.W., Wang N.P., Qian Y.W., Lee E.Y., Lee W.H. The retinoblastoma gene product regulates progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cell 1991, 67:293-302.
14. Ewen M.E., Sluss H.K., Sherr C.J., Matsushime H., Kato J., Livingston D.M. Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D-type cyclins. Cell 1993, 73:487-497.
15. Kato J., Matsushime H., Hiebert S.W., Ewen M.E., Sherr C.J. Direct binding of cyclin D to the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) and pRb phosphorylation by the cyclin D-dependent kinase CDK4. Genes Dev. 1993, 7:331-342.
16. Dynlacht B.D., Flores O., Lees J.A., Harlow E. Differential regulation of E2F transactivation by cyclin/cdk2 complexes. Genes Dev. 1994, 8:1772-1786.
17. Bagchi S., Weinmann R., Raychaudhuri P. The retinoblastoma protein copurifies with E2F-I, an E1A-regulated inhibitor of the transcription factor E2F. Cell 1991, 65:1063-1072.
18. Cao L., Faha B., Dembski M., Tsai L.H., Harlow E., Dyson N. Independent binding of the retinoblastoma protein and p107 to the transcription factor E2F. Nature 1992, 355:176-179.
19. Chellappan S.P., Hiebert S., Mudryj M., Horowitz J.M., Nevins J.R. The E2F transcription factor is a cellular target for the RB protein. Cell 1991, 65:1053-1061.
20. Hiebert S.W., Chellappan S.P., Horowitz J.M., Nevins J.R. The interaction of RB with E2F coincides with an inhibition of the transcriptional activity of E2F. Genes Dev. 1992, 6:177-185.
21. Zacksenhaus E., Jiang Z., Chung D., Marth J.D., Phillips R.A., Gallie B.L. pRb controls proliferation, differentiation, and death of skeletal muscle cells and other lineages during embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 1996, 10:3051-3064.
22. Wang J., Guo K., Wills K.N., Walsh K. Rb functions to inhibit apoptosis during myocyte differentiation. Cancer Res. 1997, 57:351-354.
23. Hsieh J.K., Chan F.S., O'Connor D.J., Mittnacht S., Zhong S., Lu X. RB regulates the stability and the apoptotic function of p53 via MDM2. Mol. Cell 1999, 3:181-193.
24. Jawdekar G.W., Henry R.W. Transcriptional regulation of human small nuclear RNA genes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008, 1779:295-305.
25. Dumay-Odelot H., Durrieu-Gaillard S., Da Silva D., Roeder R.G., Teichmann M. Cell growth- and differentiation-dependent regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription. Cell Cycle 2010, 9:3687-3699.
26. Schramm L., Hernandez N. Recruitment of RNA polymerase III to its target promoters. Genes Dev. 2002, 16:2593-2620.
27. Canella D., Praz V., Reina J.H., Cousin P., Hernandez N. Defining the RNA polymerase III transcriptome: Genome-wide localization of the RNA polymerase III transcription machinery in human cells. Genome Res. 2010, 20:710-721.
28. Moqtaderi Z., Wang J., Raha D., White R.J., Snyder M., Weng Z., Struhl K. Genomic binding profiles of functionally distinct RNA polymerase III transcription complexes in human cells. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2010, 17:635-640.
29. Canella D., Bernasconi D., Gilardi F., LeMartelot G., Migliavacca E., Praz V., Cousin P., Delorenzi M., Hernandez N. A multiplicity of factors contributes to selective RNA polymerase III occupancy of a subset of RNA polymerase III genes in mouse liver. Genome Res. 2012, 22:666-680.
30. Singh K., Carey M., Saragosti S., Botchan M. Expression of enhanced levels of small RNA polymerase III transcripts encoded by the B2 repeats in simian virus 40-transformed mouse cells. Nature 1985, 314:553-556.
31. Carey M.F., Singh K., Botchan M., Cozzarelli N.R. Induction of specific transcription by RNA polymerase III in transformed cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1986, 6:3068-3076.
32. White R.J., Stott D., Rigby P.W. Regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription in response to Simian virus 40 transformation. EMBO J. 1990, 9:3713-3721.
33. White R.J. RNA polymerase III transcription and cancer. Oncogene 2004, 23:3208-3216.
34. White R.J., Trouche D., Martin K., Jackson S.P., Kouzarides T. Repression of RNA polymerase III transcription by the retinoblastoma protein. Nature 1996, 382:88-90.
35. Nasmyth K. Retinoblastoma protein. Another role rolls in. Nature 1996, 382:28-29.
36. Johnson S.A., Dubeau L., Johnson D.L. Enhanced RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription is required for oncogenic transformation. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:19184-19191.
37. Shah A.A., Rosen A., Hummers L., Wigley F., Casciola-Rosen L. Close temporal relationship between onset of cancer and scleroderma in patients with RNA polymerase I/III antibodies. Arthritis Rheum. 2010, 62:2787-2795.
38. Wang C., Politz J.C., Pederson T., Huang S. RNA polymerase III transcripts and the PTB protein are essential for the integrity of the perinucleolar compartment. Mol. Biol. Cell 2003, 14:2425-2435.
39. Kamath R.V., Thor A.D., Wang C., Edgerton S.M., Slusarczyk A., Leary D.J., Wang J., Wiley E.L., Jovanovic B., Wu Q., Nayar R., Kovarik P., Shi F., Huang S. Perinucleolar compartment prevalence has an independent prognostic value for breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2005, 65:246-253.
40. Kopp K., Huang S. Perinucleolar compartment and transformation. J. Cell. Biochem. 2005, 95:217-225.
41. Slusarczyk A., Kamath R., Wang C., Anchel D., Pollock C., Lewandowska M.A., Fitzpatrick T., Bazett-Jones D.P., Huang S. Structure and function of the perinucleolar compartment in cancer cells. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 2010, 75:599-605.
42. Norton J.T., Pollock C.B., Wang C., Schink J.C., Kim J.J., Huang S. Perinucleolar compartment prevalence is a phenotypic pancancer marker of malignancy. Cancer 2008, 113:861-869.
43. Norton J.T., Wang C., Gjidoda A., Henry R.W., Huang S. The perinucleolar compartment is directly associated with DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284:4090-4101.
44. Johnson L.F., Abelson H.T., Green H., Penman S. Changes in RNA in relation to growth of the fibroblast. I. Amounts of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in resting and growing cells. Cell 1974, 1:95-100.
45. Mauck J.C., Green H. Regulation of pre-transfer RNA synthesis during transition from resting to growing state. Cell 1974, 3:171-177.
46. Gottesfeld J.M., Wolf V.J., Dang T., Forbes D.J., Hartl P. Mitotic repression of RNA polymerase III transcription in vitro mediated by phosphorylation of a TFIIIB component. Science 1994, 263:81-84.
47. White R.J., Gottlieb T.M., Downes C.S., Jackson S.P. Cell cycle regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995, 15:6653-6662.
48. Hu P., Samudre K., Wu S., Sun Y., Hernandez N. CK2 phosphorylation of Bdp1 executes cell cycle-specific RNA polymerase III transcription repression. Mol. Cell 2004, 16:81-92.
49. Simmen K.A., Bernues J., Lewis J.D., Mattaj I.W. Cofractionation of the TATA-binding protein with the RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIB. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992, 20:5889-5898.
50. Kassavetis G.A., Joazeiro C.A., Pisano M., Geiduschek E.P., Colbert T., Hahn S., Blanco J.A. The role of the TATA-binding protein in the assembly and function of the multisubunit yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor, TFIIIB. Cell 1992, 71:1055-1064.
51. Lobo S.M., Tanaka M., Sullivan M.L., Hernandez N. A TBP complex essential for transcription from TATA-less but not TATA-containing RNA polymerase III promoters is part of the TFIIIB fraction. Cell 1992, 71:1029-1040.
52. Taggart A.K., Fisher T.S., Pugh B.F. The TATA-binding protein and associated factors are components of Pol III transcription factor TFIIIB. Cell 1992, 71:1015-1028.
53. Buratowski S., Zhou H. A suppressor of TBP mutations encodes an RNA polymerase III transcription factor with homology to TFIIB. Cell 1992, 71:221-230.
54. Colbert T., Hahn S. A yeast TFIIB-related factor involved in RNA polymerase III transcription. Genes Dev. 1992, 6:1940-1949.
55. Lopez-De-Leon A., Librizzi M., Puglia K., Willis I.M. PCF4 encodes an RNA polymerase III transcription factor with homology to TFIIB. Cell 1992, 71:211-220.
56. Schramm L., Pendergrast P.S., Sun Y., Hernandez N. Different human TFIIIB activities direct RNA polymerase III transcription from TATA-containing and TATA-less promoters. Genes Dev. 2000, 14:2650-2663.
57. Teichmann M., Wang Z., Roeder R.G. A stable complex of a novel transcription factor IIB-related factor, human TFIIIB50, and associated proteins mediate selective transcription by RNA polymerase III of genes with upstream promoter elements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97:14200-14205.
58. Kassavetis G.A., Nguyen S.T., Kobayashi R., Kumar A., Geiduschek E.P., Pisano M. Cloning, expression, and function of TFC5, the gene encoding the B″ component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1995, 92:9786-9790.
59. Roberts S., Miller S.J., Lane W.S., Lee S., Hahn S. Cloning and functional characterization of the gene encoding the TFIIIB90 subunit of RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIB. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271:14903-14909.
60. Ruth J., Conesa C., Dieci G., Lefebvre O., Dusterhoft A., Ottonello S., Sentenac A. A suppressor of mutations in the class III transcription system encodes a component of yeast TFIIIB. EMBO J. 1996, 15:1941-1949.
61. Sadowski C.L., Henry R.W., Lobo S.M., Hernandez N. Targeting TBP to a non-TATA box cis-regulatory element: a TBP-containing complex activates transcription from snRNA promoters through the PSE. Genes Dev. 1993, 7:1535-1548.
62. Henry R.W., Sadowski C.L., Kobayashi R., Hernandez N. A TBP-TAF complex required for transcription of human snRNA genes by RNA polymerase II and III. Nature 1995, 374:653-656.
63. Sadowski C.L., Henry R.W., Kobayashi R., Hernandez N. The SNAP45 subunit of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) activating protein complex is required for RNA polymerase II and III snRNA gene transcription and interacts with the TATA box binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996, 93:4289-4293.
64. Henry R.W., Ma B., Sadowski C.L., Kobayashi R., Hernandez N. Cloning and characterization of SNAP50, a subunit of the snRNA-activating protein complex SNAPc. EMBO J. 1996, 15:7129-7136.
65. Henry R.W., Mittal V., Ma B., Kobayashi R., Hernandez N. SNAP19 mediates the assembly of a functional core promoter complex (SNAPc) shared by RNA polymerases II and III. Genes Dev. 1998, 12:2664-2672.
66. Wong M.W., Henry R.W., Ma B., Kobayashi R., Klages N., Matthias P., Strubin M., Hernandez N. The large subunit of basal transcription factor SNAPc is a Myb domain protein that interacts with Oct-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1998, 18:368-377.
67. Murphy S., Yoon J.B., Gerster T., Roeder R.G. Oct-1 and Oct-2 potentiate functional interactions of a transcription factor with the proximal sequence element of small nuclear RNA genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1992, 12:3247-3261.
68. Yoon J.B., Murphy S., Bai L., Wang Z., Roeder R.G. Proximal sequence element-binding transcription factor (PTF) is a multisubunit complex required for transcription of both RNA polymerase II- and RNA polymerase III-dependent small nuclear RNA genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995, 15:2019-2027.
69. Yoon J.B., Roeder R.G. Cloning of two proximal sequence element-binding transcription factor subunits (gamma and delta) that are required for transcription of small nuclear RNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III and interact with the TATA-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996, 16:1-9.
70. Bai L., Wang Z., Yoon J.B., Roeder R.G. Cloning and characterization of the beta subunit of human proximal sequence element-binding transcription factor and its involvement in transcription of small nuclear RNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996, 16:5419-5426.
71. Mital R., Kobayashi R., Hernandez N. RNA polymerase III transcription from the human U6 and adenovirus type 2 VAI promoters has different requirements for human BRF, a subunit of human TFIIIB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996, 16:7031-7042.
72. McCulloch V., Hardin P., Peng W., Ruppert J.M., Lobo-Ruppert S.M. Alternatively spliced hBRF variants function at different RNA polymerase III promoters. EMBO J. 2000, 19:4134-4143.
73. Kassavetis G.A., Braun B.R., Nguyen L.H., Geiduschek E.P. S. cerevisiae TFIIIB is the transcription initiation factor proper of RNA polymerase III, while TFIIIA and TFIIIC are assembly factors. Cell 1990, 60:235-245.
74. Werner M., Chaussivert N., Willis I.M., Sentenac A. Interaction between a complex of RNA polymerase III subunits and the 70-kDa component of transcription factor IIIB. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268:20721-20724.
75. Kenneth N.S., Marshall L., White R.J. Recruitment of RNA polymerase III in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36:3757-3764.
76. Ghavidel A., Schultz M.C. Casein kinase II regulation of yeast TFIIIB is mediated by the TATA-binding protein. Genes Dev. 1997, 11:2780-2789.
77. Ghavidel A., Schultz M.C. TATA binding protein-associated CK2 transduces DNA damage signals to the RNA polymerase III transcriptional machinery. Cell 2001, 106:575-584.
78. Hu P., Wu S., Hernandez N. A minimal RNA polymerase III transcription system from human cells reveals positive and negative regulatory roles for CK2. Mol. Cell 2003, 12:699-709.
79. Fairley J.A., Mitchell L.E., Berg T., Kenneth N.S., von Schubert C., Sillje H.H., Medema R.H., Nigg E.A., White R.J. Direct regulation of tRNA and 5S rRNA gene transcription by polo-like kinase 1. Mol. Cell 2012, 45:541-552.
80. Leresche A., Wolf V.J., Gottesfeld J.M. Repression of RNA polymerase II and III transcription during M phase of the cell cycle. Exp. Cell Res. 1996, 229:282-288.
81. Fairley J.A., Scott P.H., White R.J. TFIIIB is phosphorylated, disrupted and selectively released from tRNA promoters during mitosis in vivo. EMBO J. 2003, 22:5841-5850.
82. Gu L., Husain-Ponnampalam R., Hoffmann-Benning S., Henry R.W. The protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates SNAP190 to negatively regulate SNAPC DNA binding and human U6 transcription by RNA polymerase III. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:27887-27896.
83. Hinkley C.S., Hirsch H.A., Gu L., LaMere B., Henry R.W. The small nuclear RNA-activating protein 190 Myb DNA binding domain stimulates TATA box-binding protein-TATA box recognition. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:18649-18657.
84. Gu L., Esselman W.J., Henry R.W. Cooperation between small nuclear RNA-activating protein complex (SNAPC) and TATA-box-binding protein antagonizes protein kinase CK2 inhibition of DNA binding by SNAPC. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:27697-27704.
85. Felton-Edkins Z.A., Fairley J.A., Graham E.L., Johnston I.M., White R.J., Scott P.H. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK induces tRNA synthesis by phosphorylating TFIIIB. EMBO J. 2003, 22:2422-2432.
86. White R.J., Gottlieb T.M., Downes C.S., Jackson S.P. Mitotic regulation of a TATA-binding-protein-containing complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995, 15:1983-1992.
87. Sutcliffe J.E., Cairns C.A., McLees A., Allison S.J., Tosh K., White R.J. RNA polymerase III transcription factor IIIB is a target for repression by pocket proteins p107 and p130. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1999, 19:4255-4261.
88. Kaelin W.G., Ewen M.E., Livingston D.M. Definition of the minimal simian virus 40 large T antigen- and adenovirus E1A-binding domain in the retinoblastoma gene product. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990, 10:3761-3769.
89. Wang N.P., Chen P.L., Huang S., Donoso L.A., Lee W.H., Lee E.Y. DNA-binding activity of retinoblastoma protein is intrinsic to its carboxyl-terminal region. Cell Growth Differ. 1990, 1:233-239.
90. Qin X.Q., Chittenden T., Livingston D.M., Kaelin W.G. Identification of a growth suppression domain within the retinoblastoma gene product. Genes Dev. 1992, 6:953-964.
91. Yang H., Williams B.O., Hinds P.W., Shih T.S., Jacks T., Bronson R.T., Livingston D.M. Tumor suppression by a severely truncated species of retinoblastoma protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002, 22:3103-3110.
92. Classon M., Salama S., Gorka C., Mulloy R., Braun P., Harlow E. Combinatorial roles for pRB, p107, and p130 in E2F-mediated cell cycle control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97:10820-10825.
93. Black E.P., Huang E., Dressman H., Rempel R., Laakso N., Asa S.L., Ishida S., West M., Nevins J.R. Distinct gene expression phenotypes of cells lacking Rb and Rb family members. Cancer Res. 2003, 63:3716-3723.
94. Stengel K.R., Thangavel C., Solomon D.A., Angus S.P., Zheng Y., Knudsen E.S. Retinoblastoma/p107/p130 pocket proteins: protein dynamics and interactions with target gene promoters. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284:19265-19271.
95. Scott P.H., Cairns C.A., Sutcliffe J.E., Alzuherri H.M., McLees A., Winter A.G., White R.J. Regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription during cell cycle entry. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:1005-1014.
96. Larminie C.G., Cairns C.A., Mital R., Martin K., Kouzarides T., Jackson S.P., White R.J. Mechanistic analysis of RNA polymerase III regulation by the retinoblastoma protein. EMBO J. 1997, 16:2061-2071.
97. Chu W.M., Wang Z., Roeder R.G., Schmid C.W. RNA polymerase III transcription repressed by Rb through its interactions with TFIIIB and TFIIIC2. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:14755-14761.
98. Weintraub S.J., Chow K.N., Luo R.X., Zhang S.H., He S., Dean D.C. Mechanism of active transcriptional repression by the retinoblastoma protein. Nature 1995, 375:812-815.
99. Ross J.F., Liu X., Dynlacht B.D. Mechanism of transcriptional repression of E2F by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Mol. Cell 1999, 3:195-205.
100. Brehm A., Miska E.A., McCance D.J., Reid J.L., Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T. Retinoblastoma protein recruits histone deacetylase to repress transcription. Nature 1998, 391:597-601.
101. Luo R.X., Postigo A.A., Dean D.C. Rb interacts with histone deacetylase to repress transcription. Cell 1998, 92:463-473.
102. Magnaghi-Jaulin L., Groisman R., Naguibneva I., Robin P., Lorain S., Le Villain J.P., Troalen F., Trouche D., Harel-Bellan A. Retinoblastoma protein represses transcription by recruiting a histone deacetylase. Nature 1998, 391:601-605.
103. Trouche D., Le Chalony C., Muchardt C., Yaniv M., Kouzarides T. RB and hbrm cooperate to repress the activation functions of E2F1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997, 94:11268-11273.
104. Strobeck M.W., Knudsen K.E., Fribourg A.F., DeCristofaro M.F., Weissman B.E., Imbalzano A.N., Knudsen E.S. BRG-1 is required for RB-mediated cell cycle arrest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97:7748-7753.
105. Robertson K.D., Ait-Si-Ali S., Yokochi T., Wade P.A., Jones P.L., Wolffe A.P. DNMT1 forms a complex with Rb, E2F1 and HDAC1 and represses transcription from E2F-responsive promoters. Nat. Genet. 2000, 25:338-342.
106. Sutcliffe J.E., Brown T.R., Allison S.J., Scott P.H., White R.J. Retinoblastoma protein disrupts interactions required for RNA polymerase III transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000, 20:9192-9202.
107. Hirsch H.A., Jawdekar G.W., Lee K.A., Gu L., Henry R.W. Distinct mechanisms for repression of RNA polymerase III transcription by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004, 24:5989-5999.
108. Hirsch H.A., Gu L., Henry R.W. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein targets distinct general transcription factors to regulate RNA polymerase III gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000, 20:9182-9191.
109. Chicas A., Wang X., Zhang C., McCurrach M., Zhao Z., Mert O., Dickins R.A., Narita M., Zhang M., Lowe S.W. Dissecting the unique role of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor during cellular senescence. Cancer Cell 2010, 17:376-387.
110. Raha D., Wang Z., Moqtaderi Z., Wu L., Zhong G., Gerstein M., Struhl K., Snyder M. Close association of RNA polymerase II and many transcription factors with Pol III genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:3639-3644.
111. Kutter C., Brown G.D., Goncalves A., Wilson M.D., Watt S., Brazma A., White R.J., Odom D.T. Pol III binding in six mammals shows conservation among amino acid isotypes despite divergence among tRNA genes. Nat. Genet. 2011, 43:948-955.
112. Domitrovich A.M., Kunkel G.R. Multiple, dispersed human U6 small nuclear RNA genes with varied transcriptional efficiencies. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31:2344-2352.
113. Zhao X., Pendergrast P.S., Hernandez N. A positioned nucleosome on the human U6 promoter allows recruitment of SNAPc by the Oct-1 POU domain. Mol. Cell 2001, 7:539-549.
114. Ford E., Strubin M., Hernandez N. The Oct-1 POU domain activates snRNA gene transcription by contacting a region in the SNAPc largest subunit that bears sequence similarities to the Oct-1 coactivator OBF-1. Genes Dev. 1998, 12:3528-3540.
115. Hovde S., Hinkley C.S., Strong K., Brooks A., Gu L., Henry R.W., Geiger J. Activator recruitment by the general transcription machinery: X-ray structural analysis of the Oct-1 POU domain/human U1 octamer/SNAP190 peptide ternary complex. Genes Dev. 2002, 16:2772-2777.
116. Selvakumar T., Gjidoda A., Hovde S.L., Henry R.W. Regulation of human RNA polymerase III transcription by DNMT1 and DNMT3a DNA methyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 2012, 287:7039-7050.