메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 158, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 5275-5284

Hypocretin/orexin neurons contribute to hippocampus-dependent social memory and synaptic plasticity in mice

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATAXIN 3; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; OREXIN;

EID: 84875125433     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: 15393704     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3200-12.2013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (65)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0021886296 scopus 로고
    • Does memory impairment exist in narcolepsy-cataplexy?
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Aguirre M, Broughton R, Stuss D (1985) Does memory impairment exist in narcolepsy-cataplexy? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 7:14-24. CrossRef Medline
    • (1985) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.7 , pp. 14-24
    • Aguirre, M.1    Broughton, R.2    Stuss, D.3
  • 2
    • 33846807462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867-A impairs acquisition and consolidation but not retrieval of spatial memory in Morris water maze
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Akbari E, Naghdi N, Motamedi F (2007) The selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867-A impairs acquisition and consolidation but not retrieval of spatial memory in Morris water maze. Peptides 28:650-656. CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) Peptides , vol.28 , pp. 650-656
    • Akbari, E.1    Naghdi, N.2    Motamedi, F.3
  • 4
    • 32344446144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexin A in the VTA is critical for the induction of synaptic plasticity and behavioral sensitization to cocaine
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Borgland SL, Taha SA, Sarti F, Fields HL, Bonci A (2006) Orexin A in the VTA is critical for the induction of synaptic plasticity and behavioral sensitization to cocaine. Neuron 49:589-601. CrossRef Medline
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.49 , pp. 589-601
    • Borgland, S.L.1    Taha, S.A.2    Sarti, F.3    Fields, H.L.4    Bonci, A.5
  • 5
    • 0028071507 scopus 로고
    • Deficient long-term memory in mice with a targeted mutation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Bourtchuladze R, Frenguelli B, Blendy J, Cioffi D, Schutz G, Silva AJ (1994) Deficient long-term memory in mice with a targeted mutation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. Cell 79:59-68. CrossRef Medline
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 59-68
    • Bourtchuladze, R.1    Frenguelli, B.2    Blendy, J.3    Cioffi, D.4    Schutz, G.5    Silva, A.J.6
  • 7
    • 69749116172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep homeostasis modulates hypocretin-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Carter ME, Adamantidis A, Ohtsu H, Deisseroth K, de Lecea L (2009) Sleep homeostasis modulates hypocretin-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions. J Neurosci 29:10939-10949. CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 10939-10949
    • Carter, M.E.1    Adamantidis, A.2    Ohtsu, H.3    Deisseroth, K.4    de Lecea, L.5
  • 9
    • 0021243598 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors for life expectancy after penetrating head injury
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Corkin S, Sullivan EV, Carr FA (1984) Prognostic factors for life expectancy after penetrating head injury. Arch Neurol 41:975-977. CrossRef Medline
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 975-977
    • Corkin, S.1    Sullivan, E.V.2    Carr, F.A.3
  • 10
    • 13444250843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autisticlike behaviors
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Crawley JN (2004) Designing mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autisticlike behaviors. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 10:248-258. CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev , vol.10 , pp. 248-258
    • Crawley, J.N.1
  • 11
    • 37549069954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic and nasal delivery of orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Deadwyler SA, Porrino L, Siegel JM, Hampson RE (2007) Systemic and nasal delivery of orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates. J Neurosci 27: 14239-14247. CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 14239-14247
    • Deadwyler, S.A.1    Porrino, L.2    Siegel, J.M.3    Hampson, R.E.4
  • 12
    • 75749108530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade of hypocretins: Past, present and future of the neurobiology of arousal
    • CrossRef Medline
    • de Lecea L (2010) A decade of hypocretins: past, present and future of the neurobiology of arousal. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 198:203-208. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) Acta Physiol (Oxf) , vol.198 , pp. 203-208
    • de Lecea, L.1
  • 14
    • 35648987905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of orexin in hypercapnic chemoreflex: Evidence from genetic and pharmacological disruption and supplementation studies in mice
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Deng BS, Nakamura A, Zhang W, Yanagisawa M, Fukuda Y, Kuwaki T (2007) Contribution of orexin in hypercapnic chemoreflex: evidence from genetic and pharmacological disruption and supplementation studies in mice. J Appl Physiol 103:1772-1779. CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) J Appl Physiol , vol.103 , pp. 1772-1779
    • Deng, B.S.1    Nakamura, A.2    Zhang, W.3    Yanagisawa, M.4    Fukuda, Y.5    Kuwaki, T.6
  • 16
    • 75149151138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexin/hypocretin modulation of the basal fore-brain cholinergic system: Role in attention
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Fadel J, Burk JA (2010) Orexin/hypocretin modulation of the basal fore-brain cholinergic system: Role in attention. Brain Res 1314:112-123. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) Brain Res , vol.1314 , pp. 112-123
    • Fadel, J.1    Burk, J.A.2
  • 17
    • 79251599346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct inhibition of hypocretin/orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus by nociceptin/orphanin FQ blocks stress-induced analgesia in rats
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Gerashchenko D, Horvath TL, Xie X (2011) Direct inhibition of hypocretin/orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus by nociceptin/orphanin FQ blocks stress-induced analgesia in rats. Neuropharmacology 60:543-549. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Neuropharmacology , vol.60 , pp. 543-549
    • Gerashchenko, D.1    Horvath, T.L.2    Xie, X.3
  • 18
    • 43149111594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of murine startle reactivity, prepulse inhibition, and habituation
    • Unit 8, CrossRef Medline
    • Geyer MA, Dulawa SC (2003) Assessment of murine startle reactivity, prepulse inhibition, and habituation. Curr Protoc Neurosci Chapter 8:Unit 8.17. CrossRef Medline
    • (2003) Curr Protoc Neurosci Chapter , vol.8 , pp. 17
    • Geyer, M.A.1    Dulawa, S.C.2
  • 19
    • 84864312233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OX2R activation induces PKC-mediated ERK and CREB phosphorylation
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Guo Y, Feng P (2012) OX2R activation induces PKC-mediated ERK and CREB phosphorylation. Exp Cell Res 318:2004-2013. CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) Exp Cell Res , vol.318 , pp. 2004-2013
    • Guo, Y.1    Feng, P.2
  • 20
    • 57649134261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal delivery bypasses the bloodbrain barrier to target therapeutic agents to the central nervous system and treat neurodegenerative disease
    • CrossRef
    • Hanson LR, Frey WH 2nd (2008) Intranasal delivery bypasses the bloodbrain barrier to target therapeutic agents to the central nervous system and treat neurodegenerative disease. BMC Neurosci 9 [Suppl 3]:S5. CrossRef
    • (2008) BMC Neurosci , vol.9 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Hanson, L.R.1    Frey, W.H.2
  • 22
    • 25644432796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Harris GC, Wimmer M, Aston-Jones G (2005) A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking. Nature 437:556-559. CrossRef Medline
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 556-559
    • Harris, G.C.1    Wimmer, M.2    Aston-Jones, G.3
  • 23
    • 0027407340 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a perceptualencoding deficit in narcolepsy?
    • Medline
    • Henry GK, Satz P, Heilbronner RL (1993) Evidence of a perceptualencoding deficit in narcolepsy? Sleep 16:123-127. Medline
    • (1993) Sleep , vol.16 , pp. 123-127
    • Henry, G.K.1    Satz, P.2    Heilbronner, R.L.3
  • 25
    • 0036710301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of orexin-A on memory processing
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Jaeger LB, Farr SA, Banks WA, Morley JE (2002) Effects of orexin-A on memory processing. Peptides 23:1683-1688. CrossRef Medline
    • (2002) Peptides , vol.23 , pp. 1683-1688
    • Jaeger, L.B.1    Farr, S.A.2    Banks, W.A.3    Morley, J.E.4
  • 29
    • 22144499245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypocretin/orexin: Maintenance of wakefulness and a multiplicity of other roles
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Kilduff TS (2005) Hypocretin/orexin: maintenance of wakefulness and a multiplicity of other roles. Sleep Med Rev 9:227-230. CrossRef Medline
    • (2005) Sleep Med Rev , vol.9 , pp. 227-230
    • Kilduff, T.S.1
  • 30
    • 0033962732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term memory underlying hippocampus-dependent social recognition in mice
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Kogan JH, Frankland PW, Silva AJ (2000) Long-term memory underlying hippocampus-dependent social recognition in mice. Hippocampus 10:47-56. CrossRef Medline
    • (2000) Hippocampus , vol.10 , pp. 47-56
    • Kogan, J.H.1    Frankland, P.W.2    Silva, A.J.3
  • 31
    • 0038488250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial expression recognition in adolescents with mood and anxiety disorders
    • CrossRef Medline
    • McClure EB, Pope K, Hoberman AJ, Pine DS, Leibenluft E (2003) Facial expression recognition in adolescents with mood and anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry 160:1172-1174. CrossRef Medline
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 1172-1174
    • McClure, E.B.1    Pope, K.2    Hoberman, A.J.3    Pine, D.S.4    Leibenluft, E.5
  • 32
    • 80054885816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly specific role of hypocretin (orexin) neurons: Differential activation as a function of diurnal phase, operant reinforcement versus operant avoidance and light level
    • CrossRef Medline
    • McGregor R, Wu MF, Barber G, Ramanathan L, Siegel JM (2011) Highly specific role of hypocretin (orexin) neurons: differential activation as a function of diurnal phase, operant reinforcement versus operant avoidance and light level. J Neurosci 31:15455-15467. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 15455-15467
    • McGregor, R.1    Wu, M.F.2    Barber, G.3    Ramanathan, L.4    Siegel, J.M.5
  • 33
    • 4644373224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: An approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Moy SS, Nadler JJ, Perez A, Barbaro RP, Johns JM, Magnuson TR, Piven J, Crawley JN (2004) Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice. Genes Brain Behav 3:287-302. CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) Genes Brain Behav , vol.3 , pp. 287-302
    • Moy, S.S.1    Nadler, J.J.2    Perez, A.3    Barbaro, R.P.4    Johns, J.M.5    Magnuson, T.R.6    Piven, J.7    Crawley, J.N.8
  • 35
    • 33747050707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in narcolepsy
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Naumann A, Bellebaum C, Daum I (2006) Cognitive deficits in narcolepsy. J Sleep Res 15:329-338. CrossRef Medline
    • (2006) J Sleep Res , vol.15 , pp. 329-338
    • Naumann, A.1    Bellebaum, C.2    Daum, I.3
  • 37
    • 3042842893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for semantic learning in profound amnesia: An investigation with patient H.M
    • CrossRef Medline
    • O'Kane G, Kensinger EA, Corkin S (2004) Evidence for semantic learning in profound amnesia: an investigation with patient H.M. Hippocampus 14: 417-425. CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) Hippocampus , vol.14 , pp. 417-425
    • O'Kane, G.1    Kensinger, E.A.2    Corkin, S.3
  • 40
    • 0036733218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective expression of Narp, a secreted neuronal pentraxin, in orexin neurons
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Reti IM, Reddy R, Worley PF, Baraban JM (2002) Selective expression of Narp, a secreted neuronal pentraxin, in orexin neurons. J Neurochem 82:1561-1565. CrossRef Medline
    • (2002) J Neurochem , vol.82 , pp. 1561-1565
    • Reti, I.M.1    Reddy, R.2    Worley, P.F.3    Baraban, J.M.4
  • 41
    • 68049095988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scopolamine-induced deficits in social memory in mice: Reversal by donepezil
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Riedel G, Kang SH, Choi DY, Platt B (2009) Scopolamine-induced deficits in social memory in mice: reversal by donepezil. Behav Brain Res 204: 217-225. CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) Behav Brain Res , vol.204 , pp. 217-225
    • Riedel, G.1    Kang, S.H.2    Choi, D.Y.3    Platt, B.4
  • 42
    • 0025124328 scopus 로고
    • Tests of memory in narcoleptics
    • Medline
    • Rogers AE, Rosenberg RS (1990) Tests of memory in narcoleptics. Sleep 13:42-52. Medline
    • (1990) Sleep , vol.13 , pp. 42-52
    • Rogers, A.E.1    Rosenberg, R.S.2
  • 43
    • 0141593423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) neurons express vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 or VGLUT2
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Rosin DL, Weston MC, Sevigny CP, Stornetta RL, Guyenet PG (2003) Hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) neurons express vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 or VGLUT2. J Comp Neurol 465:593-603. CrossRef Medline
    • (2003) J Comp Neurol , vol.465 , pp. 593-603
    • Rosin, D.L.1    Weston, M.C.2    Sevigny, C.P.3    Stornetta, R.L.4    Guyenet, P.G.5
  • 44
    • 48749122495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory cues are sufficient to elicit social approach behaviors but not social transmission of food preference in C57BL/6J mice
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Ryan BC, Young NB, Moy SS, Crawley JN (2008) Olfactory cues are sufficient to elicit social approach behaviors but not social transmission of food preference in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 193:235-242. CrossRef Medline
    • (2008) Behav Brain Res , vol.193 , pp. 235-242
    • Ryan, B.C.1    Young, N.B.2    Moy, S.S.3    Crawley, J.N.4
  • 46
    • 79960942001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectomics of orexin-producing neurons: Interface of systems of emotion, energy homeostasis and arousal
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Sakurai T, Mieda M (2011) Connectomics of orexin-producing neurons: interface of systems of emotion, energy homeostasis and arousal. Trends Pharmacol Sci 32:451-462. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.32 , pp. 451-462
    • Sakurai, T.1    Mieda, M.2
  • 47
    • 0035954346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcolepsy and low CSF orexin (hypocretin) concentration after a diencephalic stroke
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Scammell TE, Nishino S, Mignot E, Saper CB (2001) Narcolepsy and low CSF orexin (hypocretin) concentration after a diencephalic stroke. Neurology 56:1751-1753. CrossRef Medline
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1751-1753
    • Scammell, T.E.1    Nishino, S.2    Mignot, E.3    Saper, C.B.4
  • 48
    • 75749087188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexins/hypocretins control bistability of hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity through co-activation of multiple kinases
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Selbach O, Bohla C, Barbara A, Doreulee N, Eriksson KS, Sergeeva OA, Haas HL (2010) Orexins/hypocretins control bistability of hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity through co-activation of multiple kinases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 198:277-285. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) Acta Physiol (Oxf) , vol.198 , pp. 277-285
    • Selbach, O.1    Bohla, C.2    Barbara, A.3    Doreulee, N.4    Eriksson, K.S.5    Sergeeva, O.A.6    Haas, H.L.7
  • 49
    • 75849126020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexin mediates morphine place preference, but not morphine-induced hyperactivity or sensitization
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Sharf R, Guarnieri DJ, Taylor JR, DiLeone RJ (2010) Orexin mediates morphine place preference, but not morphine-induced hyperactivity or sensitization. Brain Res 1317:24-32. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) Brain Res , vol.1317 , pp. 24-32
    • Sharf, R.1    Guarnieri, D.J.2    Taylor, J.R.3    Dileone, R.J.4
  • 50
    • 33749512952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemistry of the nucleus accumbens and its relevance to depression and antidepressant action in rodents
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Shirayama Y, Chaki S (2006) Neurochemistry of the nucleus accumbens and its relevance to depression and antidepressant action in rodents. Curr Neuropharmacol 4:277-291. CrossRef Medline
    • (2006) Curr Neuropharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 277-291
    • Shirayama, Y.1    Chaki, S.2
  • 53
    • 84857685282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging-related deficits in orexin/hypocretin modulation of the septohippocampal cholinergic system
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Stanley EM, Fadel J (2012) Aging-related deficits in orexin/hypocretin modulation of the septohippocampal cholinergic system. Synapse 66:445-452. CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) Synapse , vol.66 , pp. 445-452
    • Stanley, E.M.1    Fadel, J.2
  • 55
    • 0037093338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel pathway for adrenergic stimulation of cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation: Mediation via alpha1-adrenoceptors and protein kinase C activation
    • Medline
    • Thonberg H, Fredriksson JM, Nedergaard J, Cannon B (2002) A novel pathway for adrenergic stimulation of cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation: mediation via alpha1-adrenoceptors and protein kinase C activation. Biochem J 364:73-79. Medline
    • (2002) Biochem J , vol.364 , pp. 73-79
    • Thonberg, H.1    Fredriksson, J.M.2    Nedergaard, J.3    Cannon, B.4
  • 56
    • 0022613186 scopus 로고
    • Caffeine and copulatory experience: Interactive effects on social investigatory behavior
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Thor DH, Holloway WR Jr (1986) Caffeine and copulatory experience: interactive effects on social investigatory behavior. Physiol Behav 36: 707-711. CrossRef Medline
    • (1986) Physiol Behav , vol.36 , pp. 707-711
    • Thor, D.H.1    Holloway Jr., W.R.2
  • 57
    • 0029966477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of limbic vasopressin and oxytocin in social recognition
    • CrossRef Medline
    • van Wimersma Greidanus TB, Maigret C (1996) The role of limbic vasopressin and oxytocin in social recognition. Brain Res 713:153-159. CrossRef Medline
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.713 , pp. 153-159
    • van Wimersma Greidanus, T.B.1    Maigret, C.2
  • 58
    • 10644267749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between the corticotropin-releasing factor system and hypocretins (orexins): A novel circuit mediating stress response
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Winsky-Sommerer R, Yamanaka A, Diano S, Borok E, Roberts AJ, Sakurai T, Kilduff TS, Horvath TL, de Lecea L (2004) Interaction between the corticotropin-releasing factor system and hypocretins (orexins): a novel circuit mediating stress response. J Neurosci 24:11439-11448. CrossRef Medline
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 11439-11448
    • Winsky-Sommerer, R.1    Yamanaka, A.2    Diano, S.3    Borok, E.4    Roberts, A.J.5    Sakurai, T.6    Kilduff, T.S.7    Horvath, T.L.8    de Lecea, L.9
  • 59
    • 0028244304 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of long-term potentiation in rat hip-pocampal pyramidal neurons by zinc
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Xie X, Smart TG (1994) Modulation of long-term potentiation in rat hip-pocampal pyramidal neurons by zinc. Pflugers Arch 427:481-486. CrossRef Medline
    • (1994) Pflugers Arch , vol.427 , pp. 481-486
    • Xie, X.1    Smart, T.G.2
  • 61
    • 84876298227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigation of murine focal cerebral ischemia by the hypocretin/orexin system is associated with reduced inflammation
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Xiong X, White RE, Xu L, Yang L, Sun X, Zou B, Pascual C, Sakurai T, Giffard RG, Xie X (2013) Mitigation of murine focal cerebral ischemia by the hypocretin/orexin system is associated with reduced inflammation. Stroke 44:764-770. CrossRef Medline
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 764-770
    • Xiong, X.1    White, R.E.2    Xu, L.3    Yang, L.4    Sun, X.5    Zou, B.6    Pascual, C.7    Sakurai, T.8    Giffard, R.G.9    Xie, X.10
  • 62
    • 67749118329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple behavioral assessment of mouse olfaction
    • Unit 8, CrossRef Medline
    • Yang M, Crawley JN (2009) Simple behavioral assessment of mouse olfaction. Curr Protoc Neurosci Chapter 8:Unit 8.24. CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) Curr Protoc Neurosci Chapter , vol.8 , pp. 24
    • Yang, M.1    Crawley, J.N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.