Effect of ultrasound on lignocellulosic biomass as a pretreatment for biorefinery and biofuel applications

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 52, Issue 10, 2013, Pages 3563-3580

  Bussemaker, Madeleine J ^a   Zhang, Dongke ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES; FRACTIONATION METHODS; HIGH FREQUENCY ULTRASOUNDS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; LOW FREQUENCY ULTRASONIC; REACTOR CONFIGURATION; SYNERGISTIC ENHANCEMENT; ULTRASONIC TREATMENTS;

ALKALINITY; BIOFUELS; BIOMASS; CELLULOSE; DELIGNIFICATION; LIGNIN; REFINING; ULTRASONIC EQUIPMENT;

ULTRASONICS;

ALKALINITY; BIOMASS; CELLULOSE; DELIGNIFICATION; EROSION; FUELS; REFINING; ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES;

EID: 84874970608     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: 15205045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie3022785     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Himmel, M. E.; Ding, S.-Y.; Johnson, D. K.; Adney, W. S.; Nimlos, M. R.; Brady, J. W.; Foust, T. D. Biomass recalcitrance: Engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production Science 2007, 315 (5813) 804-807
2. Amidon, T. E.; Wood, C. D.; Shupe, A. M.; Wang, Y.; Graves, M.; Liu, S. J. Biorefinery: Conversion of woody biomass to chemicals, energy and materials J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy 2008, 2 (2) 100-120
3. Kamm, B.; Gruber, P. R.; Kamm, M. Biorefineries-Industrial Processes and Products; Status quo and future directions; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2006.
4. Kumar, P.; Barrett, D. M.; Delwiche, M. J.; Stroeve, P. Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48 (8) 3713-3729
5. Hendriks, A. T. W. M.; Zeeman, G. Pretreatments to enhance digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 10-18
6. Li, L.; Kiran, E. Interaction of supercritical fluids with lignocellulosic materials Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27 (7) 1301-1312
7. Zhao, X. B.; Cheng, K. K.; Liu, D. H. Organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009, 82 (5) 815-827
8. Dupont, J. Ionic liquids: Structure, properties and major applications in extraction/reaction technology. In Green Separation Processes; Afonso, C. A. M.; Crespo, J. G., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2005; pp 229-249.
9. Sierra, R.; Granda, C.; Holtzapple, M. Lime pretreatment. In Biofuels: Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology; 2009; Vol. 581, pp 115-124.
10. Chang, V. S.; Nagwani, M.; Kim, C. H.; Holtzapple, M. T. Oxidative lime pretreatment of high-lignin biomass-Poplar wood and newspaper Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2001, 94 (1) 1-28
11. Balan, V.; Bals, B.; Chundawat, S. P. S.; Marshall, D.; Dale, B. E. Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment using AFEX Methods Mol. Biol. (Clifton, N.J.) 2009, 581, 61-77
12. Garcia-Cubero, M. T.; Gonzalez-Benito, G.; Indacoechea, I.; Coca, M.; Bolado, S. Effect of ozonolysis pretreatment on enzymatic digestibility of wheat and rye straw Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100 (4) 1608-1613
13. Klinke, H. B.; Ahring, B. K.; Schmidt, A. S.; Thomsen, A. B. Characterization of degradation products from alkaline wet oxidation of wheat straw Bioresour. Technol. 2002, 82 (1) 15-26
14. Gould, J. Studies on the mechanism of alkaline peroxide delignification of agricultural residues Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1985, 27 (3) 225-231
15. Sun, R. C.; Fang, J. M.; Tomkinson, J. Delignification of rye straw using hydrogen peroxide Ind. Crops Prod. 2000, 12 (2) 71-83
16. Teixeira, L. C.; Linden, J. C.; Schroeder, H. A. Alkaline and peracetic acid pretreatments of biomass for ethanol production Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 1999, 77-79, 19-34
17. Teixeira, L. C.; Linden, J. C.; Schroeder, H. A. Optimizing peracetic acid pretreatment conditions for improved simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of sugar cane bagasse to ethanol fuel Renewable Energy 1999, 16 (1-4) 1070-1073
18. Zhao, X. B.; Wang, L.; Liu, D. H. Effect of several factors on peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2007, 82 (12) 1115-1121
19. Zhao, X. B.; Wang, L.; Liu, D. H. Peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis: a continued work J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2008, 83 (6) 950-956
20. Clark, J. H.; Deswarte, F. E. I.; Farmer, T. J. The integration of green chemistry into future biorefineries Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefin. 2009, 3 (1) 72-90
21. Mason, T. J. Applied sonochemistry: Uses of power ultrasound in chemistry and processing; Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH: 2003.
22. Leighton, T. G. The Acoustic Bubble; Academic Press: London, 1994.
23. Petrier, C.; Lamy, M.-F.; Francony, A.; Benahcene, A.; David, B.; Renaudin, V.; Gondrexon, N. Sonochemical degradation of phenol in dilute aqueous solutions: Comparison of the reaction rates at 20 and 487 kHz J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98 (41) 10514-10520
24. Gogate, P. R.; Sutkar, V. S.; Pandit, A. B. Sonochemical reactors: Important design and scale up considerations with a special emphasis on heterogeneous systems Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 166, 1066-1082
25. Suslick, K. S. Sonoluminescence and Sonochemistry. In Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, 3 rd ed.; Academic Press: 2002; Vol. 15, pp 363-376.
26. Adewuyi, Y. G. Sonochemistry in environmental remediation. 1. Combinative and hybrid sonophotochemical oxidation processes for the treatment of pollutants in water Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (10) 3409-3420
27. Petrier, C.; Jeunet, A.; Luche, J. L.; Reverdy, G. Unexpected frequency-effects on the rate of oxidative processes induced by ultrasound J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114 (8) 3148-3150
28. Leonelli, C.; Mason, T. J. Microwave and ultrasonic processing: Now a realistic option for industry Chem. Eng. Process 2010, 49, 885-900
29. Adewuyi, Y. G.; Khan, N. E. Modeling the ultrasonic cavitation-enhanced removal of nitrogen oxide in a bubble column reactor AIChE J. 2012, 58 (8) 2397-2411
30. 2 yield) and bubble dynamics: Frequency and power effects Ultrason. Sonochem. 2008, 15 (2) 143-150
31. Adewuyi, Y. G. Sonochemistry: Environmental science and engineering applications Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, 40 (22) 4681-4715
32. Mason, T. J.; Cobley, A. J.; Graves, J. E.; Morgan, D. New evidence for the inverse dependence of mechanical and chemical effects on the frequency of ultrasound Ultrason. Sonochem. 2011, 18, 226-230
33. Entezari, M. H.; Kruus, P. Effect of frequency on sonochemical reactions. I: Oxidation of iodide Ultrason. Sonochem. 1994, 1 (2) S75-S79
34. Koda, S.; Kimura, T.; Kondo, T.; Mitome, H. A standard method to calibrate sonochemical efficiency of an individual reaction system Ultrason. Sonochem. 2003, 10 (3) 149-156
35. Ashokkumar, M.; Hall, R.; Mulvaney, P.; Grieser, F. Sonoluminescenc from aqueous alcohol and surfactant solutions J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 10845-10850
36. Ashokkumar, M.; Vinodgopal, K.; Grieser, F. Sonoluminescence quenching in aqueous solutions containing weak organic acids and bases and its relevance to sonochemistry J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 6447-6451
37. Ashokkumar, M.; Mulvaney, P.; Grieser, F. The effect of pH on multibubble sonoluminescence from aqueous solutions containing simple organic weak acids and bases J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7355-7359
38. Ashokkumar, M.; Grieser, F. Proton transfer between organic acids and bases at the acoustic bubble-aqueous solution interface J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 19356-19359
39. Price, G. J.; Ashokkumar, M.; Cowan, T. D.; Grieser, F. Sonoluminescence quenching by organic acids in aqueous solution: pH and frequency effects Chem. Commun. 2002, 1740-1741
40. Price, G. J.; Ashokkumar, M.; Grieser, F. Sonoluminescence quenching of organic compounds in aqueous solution: Frequency effects and implications for sonochemistry J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 2755-2762
41. Suslick, K. S.; Gawienowski, J. J.; Schubert, P. F.; Wang, H. H. Sonochemistry in non-aueous liquids Ultrasonics 1984, 22, 33-36
42. Flannigan, D. J.; Hopkins, S. D.; Suslick, K. S. Sonochemistry and sonoluminescence in ionic liquids, molten salts, and concentrated electrolyte solutions J. Organomet. Chem. 2005, 690 (15) 3513-3517
43. Berlan, J.; Trabelsi, F.; Delmas, H.; Wilhelm, A. M.; Petrignani, J. F. Oxidative degradation of phenol in aqueous media using ultrasound Ultrason. Sonochem. 1994, 1 (2) S97-S102
44. Nagata, Y.; Okuno, H.; Mizukoshi, Y.; Maeda, Y. Acoustic cavitation in water under rare gas atmosphere Chem. Lett. 2001, 2, 142-143
45. Nikitenko, S. I.; Le Naour, C.; Moisy, P. Comparative study of sonochemical reactors with different geometry using thermal and chemical probes Ultrason. Sonochem. 2007, 14, 330-336
46. Nanzai, B.; Okitsu, K.; Takenaka, N.; Bandow, H.; Tajima, N.; Maeda, Y. Effect of reaction vessel diameter on sonochemical efficiency and cavitation dynamics Ultrason. Sonochem. 2009, 16, 163-168
47. Asakura, Y.; Nishida, T.; Matsuoka, T.; Koda, S. Effects of ultrasonic frequency and liquid height on sonochemical efficiency of large-scale sonochemical reactors Ultrason. Sonochem. 2008, 15 (3) 244-250
48. De La Rochebrochard, S.; Suptil, J.; Blais, J.-F.; Naffrechoux, E. Sonochemical efficiency dependence on liquid height and frequency in an improved sonochemical reactor Ultrason. Sonochem. 2012, 19, 280-285
49. Trabelsi, F.; Ait-lyazidi, H.; Berlan, J.; Fabre, P.-L.; Delmas, H.; Wilhelm, A. M. Electrochemical determination of the active zones in a high-frequency ultrasonic reactor Ultrason. Sonochem. 1996, 3, S125-S130
50. Hatanaka, S.-i.; Mitome, H.; Yasui, K.; Hayashi, S. Multibubble sonoluminescence enhancement by fluid flow Ultrason. Sonochem. 2006, 44, e435-e438
51. Gondrexon, N.; Renaudin, V.; Petrier, C.; Boldo, P.; Bernis, A.; Gonthier, Y. Degradation of pentachlorophenol aqueous solutions using a continuous flow ultrasonic reactor: experimental performance and modelling Ultrason. Sonochem. 1999, 5, 125-131
52. Yim, B.; Okuno, H.; Nagata, Y.; Maeda, Y. Sonochemical degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons using batch and continuous flow systems J. Hazard. Mater. 2001, B81, 253-263
53. Matsuoka, T.; Asakura, Y.; Nishida, T.; Nii, S.; Koda, S. Characteristics of a flow-channel type sonochemical reactor equipped with multitransducer J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 2007, 40 (6) 497-500
54. Kojima, Y.; Asakura, Y.; Sugiyama, G.; Koda, S. The effects of acoustic flow and mechanical flow on the sonochemical efficiency in a rectangular sonochemical reactor Ultrason. Sonochem. 2010, 17, 978-984
55. Ashokkumar, M.; Mason, T. J. Sonochemistry. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology; John Wiley and Sons: 2007.
56. Mahamuni, N. N.; Adewuyi, Y. G. Optimization of the synthesis of biodiesel via ultrasound-enhanced base-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil using a multifrequency ultrasonic reactor Energy Fuels 2009, 23, 2757-2766
57. Khanal, S. K.; Grewell, D.; Sung, S.; Van Leeuwen, J. Ultrasound applications in wastewater sludge pretreatment: A review Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 37 (4) 277-313
58. Csoka, L.; Lorincz, A.; Winkler, A. Sonochemically modified wheat straw for pulp and papermaking to increase its economical performance and reduce environmental issues BioResources 2008, 3 (1) 91-97
59. Fengel, D.; Wegener, G. Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions; Walter de Gruyter: Berlin, 1984.
60. Gierer, J. Basic principles of bleaching. 1. Cationic and radical processes Holzforschung 1990, 44 (5) 387-394
61. Hon, D. N.-S.; Shiraishi, N. Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry; Marcel Dekker: Basel, 2001.
62. Goshadrou, A.; Karimi, K.; Taherzadeh, M., J. Bioethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse by Mucor hiemalis Ind. Crops Prod. 2011, 34, 1219-1225
63. Yachmenev, V.; Condon, B.; Klasson, T.; Lambert, A. Acceleration of the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover and sugar cane bagasse celluloses by low intensity uniform utrasound J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy 2009, 3, 25-31
64. Zhang, Y. Q.; Fu, E. H.; Liang, J. H. Effect of ultrasonic waves on the saccharification processes of lignocellulose Chem. Eng. Technol. 2008, 31 (10) 1510-1515
65. Yu, J.; Zhang, J.; He, J.; Liu, Z.; Yu, Z. Combinations of mild physical or chemical pretreatment with biological pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of rice hull Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100 (2) 903-8
66. Li, Q.; Ji, G.-S.; Tang, Y.-B.; Gu, X.-D.; Fei, J.-J.; Jiang, H.-Q. Ultrasound-assisted compatible in situ hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in cellulase-aqueous-N -methylmorpholine-N -oxide system for improved saccharification Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 107, 251-257
67. Karki, B.; Maurer, D.; Jung, S. Efficiency of pretreatments for optimal enzymatic saccharification of soybean fiber Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102, 6522-6528
68. Esfahani, M. R.; Azin, M. Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by ultrasound and dilute acid Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng. 2012, 7, 274-278
69. Velmurugan, R.; Muthukumar, K. Ultrasound-assisted alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for fermentable sugar production: Optimization through response surface methodology Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 112, 293-299
70. Velmurugan, R.; Muthukumar, K. Sono-assisted enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production Biochem. Eng. J. 2012, 63, 1-9
71. Ninomiya, K.; Takamatsu, H.; Ohnishi, A.; Takahashi, K.; Shimizu, N. Sonocatalytic-Fenton reaction for enhanced OH radical generation and its application to lignin degradation Ultrason. Sonochem. 2013, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.01.007
72. Velmurugan, R.; Muthukumar, K. Utilization of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol produciton: Sono-assisted acid hydrolysis approach Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102, 7119-7123
73. Yunus, R.; Salleh, S. F.; Abdullah, N.; Biak, D. R. A. Effect of ultrasonic pre-treatement on low temperature acid hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 9792-9796
74. Garcia, A.; Gonzalez Alriols, M.; Llano-Ponte, R.; Labidi, J. Ultrasound-assisted fractionation of the lignocellulosic material Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102, 6326-6330
75. Sasmal, S.; Goud, V. V.; Mohanty, K. Ultrasound assisted lime pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass toward bioethanol production Energy Fuels 2012, 26, 3777-3784
76. Baxi, P. B.; Pandit, A. B. Using cavitation for delignification of wood Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 110, 697-700
77. Yong-ze, W.; Xiong, C.; Zhi, W.; Jin-fang, Z.; Tin-ting, F.; Dong-sheng, L.; Jin-hua, W. Effect of low concentration alkali and ultrasound combination pretreatment on biogas production by stalk Adv. Mater. Res. 2012, 383-390, 3434-3437
78. Sul'man, E. M.; Sul'man, M. G.; Prutenskaya, E. A. Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the composition of lignocellulosic material in biotechnologiacal processes Biocatalysus 2011, 3 (1) 28-33
79. Rodrigues, S.; Pinto, G. A. S. Ultrasound extraction of phenolic compounds from coconut (Cocos nucifera) shell powder J. Food Eng. 2007, 80, 869-872
80. Liu, C. F.; Sun, R. C.; Ye, J. Structural and thermal characterization of sugarcane bagasse pthalates prepared with ultrasound irradiation Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91, 280-288
81. Kunaver, M.; Jasiukaityte, E.; Cuk, N. Ultrasonically assited liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 103, 360-366
82. Kadimaliev, D. A.; Revin, V. V.; Atykyan, N. A.; Samuilov, V. D. Effect of wood modification on lignin consumption and synthesis of lignolytic enzymes by the fungus Panus (Lentinus) tigrinus Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 2003, 39 (5) 555-560
83. Sun, X.; Xu, X.; Sun, R. Effect of ultrasound on the physicochemical properties of organosolv lignins from wheat straw J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 84 (13) 2512-2522
84. Sun, R.; Tomkinson, J. Comparative study of lignins isolated by alkali and ultrasound-assisted alkali extractions from wheat straw Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9 (2) 85-93
85. Sun, R.; Tomkinson, J.; Ye, J. Physico-chemical and structural characterization of residual lignins isolated with TAED activated peroxide from ultrasound irradiated and alkali pre-treated wheat straw Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2002, 79 (2) 241-251
86. Sun, J. X.; Xu, F.; Sun, X. F.; Sun, R. C.; Wu, S. B. Comparative study of lignins from ultrasonic irradiated sugar-cane bagasse Polym. Int. 2004, 53, 1711-1721
87. Li, M. F.; Fan, Y. M.; Sun, R. C.; Xu, F. Characterization of extracted lignin of bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) pretreated with sodium hydroxide/urea solution at low temperature BioResources 2010, 5 (3) 1762-1778
88. Yuan, T.-Q.; Sun, S.; Xu, F.; Sun, R.-C. Isolation and physico-chemical characterization of lignins from ultrasound irradiated fast-growing poplar wood Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 6 (1) 414-433
89. Li, M.-F.; Sun, S.-N.; Xu, F.; Sun, R. Ultrasound enhanced extraction of lignin form bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis): Characterization of the ethanol-soluble fractions Ultrason. Sonochem. 2012, 19, 243-249
90. Garcia, A.; Gonzalez Alriols, M.; Labidi, J. Evaluation of the effect of ultrasound on organosolv black liquor from olive tree pruning residues Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 108, 155-161
91. Yoshioka, A.; Seino, T.; Tabata, M.; Takai, M. Homolytic scission of interunitary bonds in lignin induced by ultrasonic irradiation of MWL dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide Holzforschung 2000, 54 (4) 357-364
92. Finch, K. B. H.; Richards, R. J.; Richel, A.; Medvedocici, A. V.; Gheorghe, N. G.; Verziu, M.; Coman, S. M.; Parvulescu, V. I. Catalytic hydroprocessing of lignin under thermal and ultrasound conditions Catal. Today 2012, 196, 3-10
93. Goncalves, A. R.; Schuchardt, U. Hydrogenolysis of lignins. Influence of the pretreatment using microwave and ultrasound irradiations Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2002, 98-100, 1213-1219
94. Qi, B. C.; Aldrich, C.; Lorenzen, L. Effect of ultrasonication on the humic acids extracted from lignocellulose substrate decomposed by anaerobic digestion Chem. Eng. J. 2004, 98, 153-163
95. Sun, R.; Tomkinson, J. Characterization of hemicelluloses obtained by classical and ultrasonically assisted extractions from wheat straw Carbohydr. Polym. 2002, 50, 263-271
96. Sun, R. C.; Sun, X. F.; Ma, X. H. Effect of ultrasound on the structural and physicochemical properties of organosolve soluble hemicelluloses from wheat straw Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9, 95-101
97. Sun, J. X.; Sun, R. C.; Sun, X.-F.; Su, Y. Fractional and physico-chemical characterization of hemicelluloses from ultrasonic irradiated sugarcane bagasse Carbohydr. Res. 2004, 339, 291-300
98. Hromadkova, Z.; Ebringerova, A. Ultrasonic extraction of plant materials-investigation of hemicellulose release from buckwheat hulls Ultrason. Sonochem. 2003, 10, 127-133
99. Hromadkova, Z.; Ebringerova, A.; Valachovic, P. Comparison of classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Salvia officinalis L Ultrason. Sonochem. 1999, 5, 163-168
100. Hromadkova, Z.; Ebringerova, A.; Valachovic, P. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from the roots of valerian (Valeriana oficinalis L.) Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9, 37-44
101. Yuan, T.-Q.; Xu, F.; He, J.; Sun, R. C. Structural and physico-chemical chacterization of hemicelluloses from ultrasound-assisted extractions of partially delignified fast-growing poplar wood through organic solvent and alkaline solutions Biotechnol. Adv. 2010, 26, 583-593
102. Sun, R. C. Characterization of hemicelluloses isolated with tetraacetylethylenediamine activated peroxide from ultrasound irradiated and alkali pre-treated wheat straw Eur. Polym. J. 2003, 39, 751-759
103. Sun, R. C.; Wang, X. Y.; Sun, X. F.; Sun, J. X. Physicochemical and thermal characterisation of residual hemicelluloses isolated by TAED activated peroxid from ultrasonic irradiated and alkali organosolv pre-treated wheat straw Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2002, 78, 295-303
104. Ebringerova, A.; Hromadkova, Z.; Kost'alova, Z.; Sasinkova, V. Chemical valorization of agricultural by-products: Isolation and characterisation of xylan-based antioxidants from almond shell biomass BioResources 2008, 3 (1) 60-70
105. Sun, J. X.; Sun, X. F.; Zhao, H.; Sun, R. C. Isolation and characterization of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2004, 84, 331-339
106. Sun, R. C.; Tomkinson, J. Separation and characterization of cellulose from wheat straw Sep. Sci. Technol. 2004, 39 (2) 391-411
107. Liu, C. F.; Ren, J. L.; Xu, F.; Liu, J. J.; Sun, J. X.; Sun, R. C. Isolation and characterization of cellulose obtained from ultrasonic irradiated sugarcane bagasse Agric. Food. Chem. 2006, 54, 5742-5748
108. Yue, F.; Lan, W.; Zhang, A.; Liu, C.; Sun, R.; Ye, J. Dissolution of holocellulose in ionic liquid assisted with ball-milling pretreatment and ultrasonic irradiation BioResources 2012, 7 (2) 2199-2208
109. Hromadkova, Z.; Kovacikova, J.; Ebringerova, A. Study of the classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction of the corn cob xylan Ind. Crops Prod. 1999, 9, 101-109
110. Nitayavardhana, S.; Shrestha, P.; Rasmussen, M.; Lamsal, B. P.; (Hans) van Leeuwen, J.; Khanal, S. K. Ultrasound improved ethanol fermentation from cassava chips in cassava-based ethanol plants Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 2741-2747
111. Ebringerová, A.; Hromádková, Z. Effect of ultrasound on the extractibility of corn bran hemicelluloses Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9 (4) 225-229
112. Hromadkova, Z.; Kost'alova, Z.; Ebringerova, A. Comparison of conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenollics-rich heteroxylans from wheat bran Ultrason. Sonochem. 2008, 15, 1062-1068
113. Ebringerova, A.; Hromadkova, Z. The effect of ultrasound on the structure and properties of the water-soluble corn hull heteroxylan Ultrason. Sonochem. 1997, 4 (4) 305-309
114. Ma, S.; Xue, X.-l.; Yu, S.-j.; Wang, Z.-h. High-intensity ultrasound irradiated modification of sugarcane bagasse cellulose in an ionic liquid Ind. Crops Prod. 2012, 35, 135-139
115. Lozano, P.; Bernal, B.; Recio, I.; Belleville, M.-P. A cyclic process for full enzymatic saccharification of pretreatmed cellulose with full recovery and reuse of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Green Chem. 2012, 14, 2631-2637
116. Wong, S.-S.; Kasapis, S.; Tan, Y. M. Bacterial and plant cellulose modification using ultrasound irradiation Carbohydr. Polym. 2009, 77, 280-287
117. Gadhe, J. B.; Gupta, R. B.; Elder, T. Surface modification of lignocellulosic fibers using high-frequency ultrasound Cellulose 2006, 13 (1) 9-22
118. Iskalieva, A.; Yimmou, B. M.; Gogate, P. R.; Horvath, M.; Horvath, P. G.; Csoka, L. Cavitation assited delignification of wheat straw: A review Ultrason. Sonochem. 2012, 19, 984-993
119. Pranovich, A. V.; Reunanen, M.; Holmbom, B. Sonochemistry of lignin model compounds in water Adv. Lignocellul. Chem. Ecol. Friendly Pulping Bleaching Technol., Eur. Workshop Lignocellul. Pulp, 5th 1998, 421-424
120. Mishra, S. K.; Deymir, P. A.; Muralidharan, K.; Frantziskonis, G.; Pannala, S.; Simunovic, S. Modeling the coupling reaction kinetics and hydrodynamics in a collapsing cavity Ultrason. Sonochem. 2010, 17, 258-265
121. Kardos, N.; Luche, J. L. Sonochemistry of carbohydrate compounds Carbohydr. Res. 2001, 332 (2) 115-131
122. Koda, S.; Mori, H.; Matsumoto, K.; Nomura, H. Ultrasonic degradation of water-soluble polymers Polymer 1994, 35 (1) 30-33
123. Lorimer, J. P.; Mason, T. J.; Cuthbert, T. C.; Brookfield, E. A. Effect of ultrasound on the degradation of aqueous native dextran Ultrason. Sonochem. 1995, 2 (1) S55-S57
124. Striegel, A. M. Influence of anomeric configeration on mechanochemical degradation of polysaccharides: Cellulose versus amylose Biomacromolecules 2007, 8, 3944-3949
125. Simmons, B. A.; Singh, S.; Holmes, B. M.; Blanch, H. W. Ionic liquid pretreatment Chem. Eng. Process. 2010, 103 (3) 50-56
126. Mora-Pale, M.; Meli, L.; Doherty, T. V.; Linhardt, R. J.; Dordick, J. S. Room temperature ionic liquids as emerging solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011, 108 (6) 1229-1245
127. Balachandran, S.; Kentish, S. E.; Mawson, R.; Ashokkumar, M. Ultrasonic enhancement of the supercritical extraction from ginger Ultrason. Sonochem. 2006, 13 (6) 471-479
128. Mahamuni, N. N.; Adewuyi, Y. G. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involving ultrasound for waster water treatment: A review with emphasis on cost estimation Ultrason. Sonochem. 2010, 2010 (17) 990-1003
129. Seymour, J.; Wallace, H.; Gupta, R. Sonochemical reactions at 640 kHz using an efficient reactor. Oxidation of potassium iodide Ultrason. Sonochem. 1997, 4, 289-293
130. Adewuyi, Y.; Oyenekan, B. Optimisation of a sonochemical process using a novel reactor and Taguchi statistical experimental design methodology Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 411-420
131. Gallego-Juarez, J. A.; Rodriguez, G.; Acosta, V.; Riera, E. Power ultrasonic transducers with extensive radiators for industrial processing Ultrason. Sonochem. 2010, 17, 953-964