-
1
-
-
79251647543
-
Water pipe (shisha) smoking among male students of medical colleges in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia
-
DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.75795., Jan-Feb
-
Abdullah M, Al-Bedah, Naseem A. Qureshi. RE: Water pipe (shisha) smoking among male students of medical colleges in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Jan-Feb; 31(1): 94-95. DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.75795.
-
(2011)
Ann Saudi Med.
, vol.31
, Issue.1
, pp. 94-95
-
-
Abdullah, M.1
Al-Bedah2
Naseem, A.3
Qureshi, R.E.4
-
3
-
-
34848905300
-
Qat Habit in Yemen Society: A Causative Factor for Oral Periodontal
-
Aiman A A. Qat Habit in Yemen Society: A Causative Factor for Oral Periodontal. Diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2007; 4(3): 243-7.
-
(2007)
Diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
, vol.4
, Issue.3
, pp. 243-247
-
-
Aiman, A.A.1
-
4
-
-
0032609187
-
The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of Khat chewing in Butajira, Ethiopia
-
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10699.x
-
Alem A, Kebede D, Kullgren G. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of Khat chewing in Butajira, Ethiopia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1999; 100 (S397): 84-91. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10699.x.
-
(1999)
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.
, vol.100
, Issue.S397
, pp. 84-91
-
-
Alem, A.1
Kebede, D.2
Kullgren, G.3
-
5
-
-
79955115523
-
The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among the general and specific populations: A systematic review
-
DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-11-244
-
Akl A Elie, Sameer K Gunukula, Sohaib Aleem, Rawad Obeid, Philippe Abou Jaoude, Roland Honeine, Jihad Irani. The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among the general and specific populations: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 244. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-11-244.
-
(2011)
BMC Public Health.
, vol.11
, pp. 244
-
-
Elie, A.A.1
Sameer, K.2
Gunukula3
Aleem, S.4
Obeid, R.5
Jaoude, P.A.6
Honeine, R.7
Irani, J.8
-
6
-
-
27944488385
-
The potential adverse effects of habitual use of Catha edulis (Khat)
-
Al-Habori M. The potential adverse effects of habitual use of Catha edulis (Khat). Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005; 4(6): 1145-54.
-
(2005)
Expert Opin Drug Saf.
, vol.4
, Issue.6
, pp. 1145-1154
-
-
Al-Habori, M.1
-
7
-
-
28744441405
-
Khat (Catha edulis)-an updated review
-
Al-Hebshi NN, Skaug N. Khat (Catha edulis)-an updated review. Addiction Biology. 2005; 10: 299-307.
-
(2005)
Addiction Biology.
, vol.10
, pp. 299-307
-
-
Al-Hebshi, N.N.1
Skaug, N.2
-
8
-
-
33847167995
-
Histopathologic changes in oral mucosa of Yemenis addicted to water-pipe and cigarette smoking in addition to takhzeen al-qat
-
Ali, AA. Histopathologic changes in oral mucosa of Yemenis addicted to water-pipe and cigarette smoking in addition to takhzeen al-qat. Oral surgery oral medicine oral pathology oral radiology and endodontics. 2007, 103(3): e55-e59.
-
(2007)
Oral surgery oral medicine oral pathology oral radiology and endodontics.
, vol.103
, Issue.3
-
-
Ali, A.A.1
-
9
-
-
78649686232
-
Khat chewing, cardiovascular diseases and other internal medical problems: The current situation and directions for future research
-
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.001
-
Al-Motarreb A, Al-Habori M, Broadley K.J. Khat chewing, cardiovascular diseases and other internal medical problems: The current situation and directions for future research. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010; 132(3): 540-548. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.001
-
(2010)
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
, vol.132
, Issue.3
, pp. 540-548
-
-
Al-Motarreb, A.1
Al-Habori, M.2
Broadley, K.J.3
-
10
-
-
0036667465
-
Khat: Pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen
-
Al Motarreb A, Baker K, Broadley KJ. Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen. Phytother Res. 2002; 16: 403-413.
-
(2002)
Phytother Res.
, vol.16
, pp. 403-413
-
-
Al Motarreb, A.1
Baker, K.2
Broadley, K.J.3
-
11
-
-
77952311458
-
Water pipe (shisha) smoking among male students of medical colleges in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia
-
DDI: 10.4103/0256-4947.62838
-
Attia Z Taha, Amr A Sabra, Zaid Z Al-Mustafa, Hasan R Al-Awami, Mujtaba A Al-Khalaf, Momen M Al-Momen. Water pipe (shisha) smoking among male students of medical colleges in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2010, 30(3): 222-226. DDI: 10.4103/0256-4947.62838
-
(2010)
Ann Saudi Med.
, vol.30
, Issue.3
, pp. 222-226
-
-
Taha, A.Z.1
Sabra, A.A.2
Al-Mustafa, Z.Z.3
Al-Awami, H.R.4
Al-Khalaf, M.A.5
Al-Momen, M.M.6
-
12
-
-
28944445749
-
Water-Pipe (Narghile) Smoking: An Emerging Health Risk Behavior
-
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-2173
-
Knishkowy B, Amitai Y. Water-Pipe (Narghile) Smoking: An Emerging Health Risk Behavior. Pediatrics. 2005; 116(1): e113-e119. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-2173.
-
(2005)
Pediatrics.
, vol.116
, Issue.1
-
-
Knishkowy, B.1
Amitai, Y.2
-
13
-
-
79251472721
-
Psychotropic drugs evaluated in the context of narcotic drugs according to the new Turkish criminal law
-
Asicioglu F, Kucukibrahimoglu EE, Ilingi U. Psychotropic drugs evaluated in the context of narcotic drugs according to the new Turkish criminal law. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(4): 314-320
-
(2010)
Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology.
, vol.20
, Issue.4
, pp. 314-320
-
-
Asicioglu, F.1
Kucukibrahimoglu, E.E.2
Ilingi, U.3
-
15
-
-
0033984936
-
Genetic polymorphism of CYP genes, alone or in combination, as a risk modifier of tobaccorelated cancers
-
Bartsch H, Nair U, Risch A, Rojas M, Wikman H, Alexandrov K. Genetic polymorphism of CYP genes, alone or in combination, as a risk modifier of tobaccorelated cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000. 9(1): 3-28.
-
(2000)
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
, vol.9
, Issue.1
, pp. 3-28
-
-
Bartsch, H.1
Nair, U.2
Risch, A.3
Rojas, M.4
Wikman, H.5
Alexandrov, K.6
-
16
-
-
0032824167
-
Nicotine addiction
-
Benowitz N. Nicotine addiction. Prim Care. 1999, 26: 611-631.
-
(1999)
Prim Care.
, vol.26
, pp. 611-631
-
-
Benowitz, N.1
-
17
-
-
0029979162
-
Pharmacology of nicotine: Addiction and therapeutics
-
Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of nicotine: Addiction and therapeutics. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996; 36: 597-613.
-
(1996)
Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol.
, vol.36
, pp. 597-613
-
-
Benowitz, N.L.1
-
18
-
-
0026587438
-
Cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction
-
Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. Med Clin North Am. 1992; 76: 415-436.
-
(1992)
Med Clin North Am.
, vol.76
, pp. 415-436
-
-
Benowitz, N.L.1
-
19
-
-
0024215844
-
Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction
-
Benowitz N. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med. 1988; 319: 1318-1330.
-
(1988)
N Engl J Med.
, vol.319
, pp. 1318-1330
-
-
Benowitz, N.1
-
20
-
-
0025607006
-
Amphetamine-like effects in humans of the Khat alkaloid cathinone
-
Brenneisen R, Fisch H-U, Koelbing U, Geisshusler S, Kalix P. Amphetamine-like effects in humans of the Khat alkaloid cathinone. Br. J. clin. Pharmac. 1990; 30: 825-828.
-
(1990)
Br. J. clin. Pharmac.
, vol.30
, pp. 825-828
-
-
Brenneisen, R.1
Fisch, H.-U.2
Koelbing, U.3
Geisshusler, S.4
Kalix, P.5
-
21
-
-
0034500499
-
Cannabis: A Trojan horse for nicotine?
-
PMID: 11215017
-
Burns CB, Ives RG, Lindorff KJ, Clough AR. Cannabis: a Trojan horse for nicotine? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2000; 24(6): 637. PMID: 11215017.
-
(2000)
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health.
, vol.24
, Issue.6
, pp. 637
-
-
Burns, C.B.1
Ives, R.G.2
Lindorff, K.J.3
Clough, A.R.4
-
22
-
-
0012874227
-
Scientific advisory board on clove cigarettes Health hazards of clove cigarettes. A report to the legislature prepared pursuant to health and safety code section statutes of 1985, Berkeley, CA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
-
California State Department of Health Services
-
California State Department of Health Services. Scientific advisory board on clove cigarettes Health hazards of clove cigarettes. A report to the legislature prepared pursuant to health and safety code section statutes of 1985, Berkeley, CA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. JAMA. 1988; 260: 3641-3644.
-
(1988)
JAMA.
, vol.260
, pp. 3641-3644
-
-
-
23
-
-
0029351626
-
Tobacco u s e and cancer: A reappraisal
-
Carl MA, Vigneswaran N, Tilashalski K, Rodu B, Cole P. Tobacco u s e and cancer: A reappraisal. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology. 1995; 80(2): 178-182.
-
(1995)
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology.
, vol.80
, Issue.2
, pp. 178-182
-
-
Carl, M.A.1
Vigneswaran, N.2
Tilashalski, K.3
Rodu, B.4
Cole, P.5
-
25
-
-
70450277694
-
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: An Emerging Health Crisis in the United States
-
DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03649.x
-
Cobb C, Ward KD, MaziK W, Shihadeh AL, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: An Emerging Health Crisis in the United States. Am J Health Behav. 2010; 34(3): 275-285. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03649.x.
-
(2010)
Am J Health Behav.
, vol.34
, Issue.3
, pp. 275-285
-
-
Cobb, C.1
Ward, K.D.2
Mazi, K.W.3
Shihadeh, A.L.4
Eissenberg, T.5
-
26
-
-
33751546669
-
A critique of the WHO TobReg's "Advisory Note" report entitled: "Waterpipe tobacco smoking: Health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators"
-
doi:10.1186/1477-5751-5-17
-
Chaouachi K. A critique of the WHO TobReg's "Advisory Note" report entitled: "Waterpipe tobacco smoking: health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators". Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine. 2006; 5: 17. doi:10.1186/1477-5751-5-17.
-
(2006)
Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine.
, vol.5
, pp. 17
-
-
Chaouachi, K.1
-
27
-
-
36248993485
-
Qat chewing and water pipe (mada'a) smoking in Yemen: A necessary clarification when studying health effects on oral mucosa
-
Chaouachi KT. Qat chewing and water pipe (mada'a) smoking in Yemen: a necessary clarification when studying health effects on oral mucosa. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology. 2007; 104, (6): 731-733.
-
(2007)
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology.
, vol.104
, Issue.6
, pp. 731-733
-
-
Chaouachi, K.T.1
-
28
-
-
0022272160
-
Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications
-
Church D, Pryor WA. Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Env. Health Persp. 1960; 64: 111-126.
-
(1960)
Env. Health Persp.
, vol.64
, pp. 111-126
-
-
Church, D.1
Pryor, W.A.2
-
29
-
-
80054872333
-
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV): Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new designer drug of abuse marketed online
-
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.002
-
Coppola M, Mondola R. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV): Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new designer drug of abuse marketed online. Toxicology Letters. 2012; 208(1, 5):12-15. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.002
-
(2012)
Toxicology Letters.
, vol.208
, Issue.1-5
, pp. 12-15
-
-
Coppola, M.1
Mondola, R.2
-
30
-
-
84877037182
-
-
Council of The European Union, No. 5020/11 CORDROGUE 1. Brussels, Belgium
-
Council of The European Union. Regional Report on the Near East. No. 5020/11 CORDROGUE 1. Brussels, Belgium. 2011.
-
(2011)
Regional Report on the Near East
-
-
-
31
-
-
0242467093
-
Adverse effects of Khat: A review
-
doi: 10.1192/apt.9.6.456
-
Cox G, Rampes H. Adverse effects of Khat: A review. Adv Psychiatr Treatm. 2003; 9: 456-463. doi: 10.1192/apt.9.6.456.
-
(2003)
Adv Psychiatr Treatm.
, vol.9
, pp. 456-463
-
-
Cox, G.1
Rampes, H.2
-
33
-
-
77952495119
-
Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: Prevalence, pattern and beliefs
-
Dar-Odeh NS, Faris GB, Mahmoud KA, Hamzeh MA, Hazem AE, Ameen SK, Shatha MK., Abdul-Aziz FD, Mohamed N, Samer M, Louai A, Osama AA. Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: prevalence, pattern and beliefs. Harm Reduction Journal. 2010; 7(10):1-6.
-
(2010)
Harm Reduction Journal.
, vol.7
, Issue.10
, pp. 1-6
-
-
Dar-Odeh, N.S.1
Faris, G.B.2
Mahmoud, K.A.3
Hamzeh, M.A.4
Hazem, A.E.5
Ameen, S.K.6
Shatha, M.K.7
Abdul-Aziz, F.D.8
Mohamed, N.9
Samer, M.10
Louai, A.11
Osama, A.A.12
-
35
-
-
9144271818
-
Qat chewing and pesticides: A study of adverse health effects in people of the mountainous areas of Yemen
-
Date J, Noritoshi Tanida, Tatsuya Hobara. Qat chewing and pesticides: a study of adverse health effects in people of the mountainous areas of Yemen. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2004; 14(6): 405-414.
-
(2004)
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.
, vol.14
, Issue.6
, pp. 405-414
-
-
Date, J.1
Tanida, N.2
Hobara, T.3
-
36
-
-
0023840275
-
Khat-chewing in the Near East
-
Drake PH. Khat-chewing in the Near East. Lancet. 1988; 1(8584): 532-3.
-
(1988)
Lancet.
, vol.1
, Issue.8584
, pp. 532-533
-
-
Drake, P.H.1
-
37
-
-
0021031969
-
The chewing of Khat in Somalia
-
Elmi AS. The chewing of Khat in Somalia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1983; 8:163-176.
-
(1983)
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
, vol.8
, pp. 163-176
-
-
Elmi, A.S.1
-
39
-
-
78149292010
-
-
ECCD, Document # ECDD 2006/4.4. WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD)
-
ECCD. Assessment of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk). Document # ECDD 2006/4.4. WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD). 2006.
-
(2006)
Assessment of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk)
-
-
-
40
-
-
41749090992
-
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on a U.S. College Campus: Prevalence and Correlates
-
doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.10.004
-
Eissenberg T, Ward KD, Smith-Simone S, Maziak W. Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on a U.S. College Campus: Prevalence and Correlates. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2008; 42: 526-529. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.10.004.
-
(2008)
Journal of Adolescent Health.
, vol.42
, pp. 526-529
-
-
Eissenberg, T.1
Ward, K.D.2
Smith-Simone, S.3
Maziak, W.4
-
41
-
-
34848850463
-
The Neuropsychology of Amphetamine and Opiate Dependence: Implications for Treatment
-
DOI 10.1007/s11065-007-9033-y
-
Ersche KD, Sahikian BJ. The Neuropsychology of Amphetamine and Opiate Dependence: Implications for Treatment. Neuropsychol Rev. 2007; 17: 317-336. DOI 10.1007/s11065-007-9033-y.
-
(2007)
Neuropsychol Rev.
, vol.17
, pp. 317-336
-
-
Ersche, K.D.1
Sahikian, B.J.2
-
42
-
-
33646156873
-
Profile of executive and memory function associated with amphetamine and opiate dependence
-
Ersche KD, Clark L, London M, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ. Profile of executive and memory function associated with amphetamine and opiate dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006; 31, 1036-1047.
-
(2006)
Neuropsychopharmacology.
, vol.31
, pp. 1036-1047
-
-
Ersche, K.D.1
Clark, L.2
London, M.3
Robbins, T.W.4
Sahakian, B.J.5
-
43
-
-
34247874492
-
High relative frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yemen: Qat and tobacco chewing as its aetiological background
-
Faleh A Sawair, Ammar Al-Mutwakel, Kamal Al-Eryani, Ameera Al-Surhy, Satoshi Maruyama, Jun Cheng, Ali Al-Sharabi, Takashi Saku. High relative frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yemen: qat and tobacco chewing as its aetiological background. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2007; 17(3): 185-195.
-
(2007)
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.
, vol.17
, Issue.3
, pp. 185-195
-
-
Sawair, F.A.1
Al-Mutwakel, A.2
Eryani, K.A.3
Al-Surhy, A.4
Maruyama, S.5
Cheng, J.6
Al-Sharabi, A.7
Saku, T.8
-
45
-
-
0033289434
-
Psychosocial risk and protective factors for adolescent tobacco use
-
Flay BR, Petraitis J, Hu FB. Psychosocial risk and protective factors for adolescent tobacco use. Nicotine Tobacco Research. 1999; 1(Suppl 1): S59-65.
-
(1999)
Nicotine Tobacco Research.
, vol.1
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
-
-
Flay, B.R.1
Petraitis, J.2
Hu, F.B.3
-
47
-
-
47949095581
-
Khat chewing and its sociodemographic correlates among the staff of Jimma University
-
Gelaw Y, Haile-Amlak A. Khat chewing and its sociodemographic correlates among the staff of Jimma University. Ethiop.J. Health Dev. 2004; 18(3): 179-184.
-
(2004)
Ethiop.J. Health Dev.
, vol.18
, Issue.3
, pp. 179-184
-
-
Gelaw, Y.1
Haile-Amlak, A.2
-
48
-
-
77957172418
-
The Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors. How long does craving predict use of methamphetamine? Assessment of use one to seven weeks after the assessment of craving
-
Galloway GP, Singleton EG. The Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors. How long does craving predict use of methamphetamine? Assessment of use one to seven weeks after the assessment of craving. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment. 2008; 1: 63-79.
-
(2008)
Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment.
, vol.1
, pp. 63-79
-
-
Galloway, G.P.1
Singleton, E.G.2
-
49
-
-
0023197949
-
The content of psychoactive phenylpropyl and phenylpentenyl Khatamines in Catha edulis Forsk. of different origin
-
Geisshusler S, Brenneisen R. The content of psychoactive phenylpropyl and phenylpentenyl Khatamines in Catha edulis Forsk. of different origin. J Ethnopharmacol. 1987; 19: 269-277.
-
(1987)
J Ethnopharmacol.
, vol.19
, pp. 269-277
-
-
Geisshusler, S.1
Brenneisen, R.2
-
50
-
-
47949095581
-
Khat chewing and its sociodemographic correlates among the staff of Jimma University
-
Gelaw Y, Haile-Amlak A. Khat chewing and its sociodemographic correlates among the staff of Jimma University. Ethiop.J. Health Dev. 2004; 18(3): 179-184.
-
(2004)
Ethiop.J. Health Dev.
, vol.18
, Issue.3
, pp. 179-184
-
-
Gelaw, Y.1
Haile-Amlak, A.2
-
51
-
-
77954081611
-
Regular Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure among adults in Butajira, Ethiopia: A comparative study
-
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-390
-
Getahun W, Gedif T, Fikru Tesfaye F. Regular Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure among adults in Butajira, Ethiopia: A comparative study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:390 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-390.
-
(2010)
BMC Public Health
, vol.10
, pp. 390
-
-
Getahun, W.1
Gedif, T.2
Fikru Tesfaye, F.3
-
52
-
-
0022995033
-
Mouth versus deep airways absorption of nicotine in cigarette smokers
-
Gori G, Benowitz N, Lynch C. Mouth versus deep airways absorption of nicotine in cigarette smokers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986; 25: 1181-1184.
-
(1986)
Pharmacol Biochem Behav.
, vol.25
, pp. 1181-1184
-
-
Gori, G.1
Benowitz, N.2
Lynch, C.3
-
53
-
-
78649684421
-
Khat use and monitoring drug use in Europe: The current situation and issues for the future
-
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.046
-
Griffiths P, Dominique L, Roumen S, Ana G, Brendan H, André N, Luis R. Khat use and monitoring drug use in Europe: The current situation and issues for the future. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010; 132(3):578-583. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.046.
-
(2010)
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
, vol.132
, Issue.3
, pp. 578-583
-
-
Griffiths, P.1
Dominique, L.2
Roumen, S.3
Ana, G.4
Brendan, H.5
André, N.6
Luis, R.7
-
54
-
-
0030890412
-
Prevalence and determinants of coronary health disease in a rural population in India
-
Gupta R, Prakash H, Gupta VP, Gupta KD. Prevalence and determinants of coronary health disease in a rural population in India. J Clinl Epidemiol. 1997; 50:203-9.
-
(1997)
J Clinl Epidemiol.
, vol.50
, pp. 203-209
-
-
Gupta, R.1
Prakash, H.2
Gupta, V.P.3
Gupta, K.D.4
-
55
-
-
0015482646
-
Medical aspects of the chewing of Khat leaves
-
Halbach H. Medical aspects of the chewing of Khat leaves. Bull World Health Organ. 1972; 47(1): 21-9.
-
(1972)
Bull World Health Organ.
, vol.47
, Issue.1
, pp. 21-29
-
-
Halbach, H.1
-
56
-
-
44749092234
-
A preliminary study: Novelty seeking, frontal executive function, and dopamine receptor (D2) Tagl A gene polymorphism in patients with methamphetamine dependence
-
Han DH, Yoon SJ, Sung YH, Lee YS, Kee BS, Lyoo IK, et al. A preliminary study: novelty seeking, frontal executive function, and dopamine receptor (D2) Tagl A gene polymorphism in patients with methamphetamine dependence. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2000; 49: 387-392.
-
(2000)
Comprehensive Psychiatry.
, vol.49
, pp. 387-392
-
-
Han, D.H.1
Yoon, S.J.2
Sung, Y.H.3
Lee, Y.S.4
Kee, B.S.5
Lyoo, I.K.6
-
57
-
-
0034031157
-
The effect of Qat chewing on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy volunteers
-
Hassan NA, Gunaid AA, Abdo-Rabbo AA, Abdel-Kader ZY, Al-Mansoob MA, Awad AY, Murray-Lyon IM. The effect of Qat chewing on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy volunteers. Tropical Doctor. 2000; 30(2): 107-108
-
(2000)
Tropical Doctor.
, vol.30
, Issue.2
, pp. 107-108
-
-
Hassan, N.A.1
Gunaid, A.A.2
Abdo-Rabbo, A.A.3
Abdel-Kader, Z.Y.4
Al-Mansoob, M.A.5
Awad, A.Y.6
Murray-Lyon, I.M.7
-
58
-
-
84877044347
-
-
Health Officers Council of British Columbia, Downloaded from, 2005. (accessed on Tuesday 20 December 2011)
-
Health Officers Council of British Columbia, A Public Health Approach to Drug Control in Canada: Discussion Paper. Downloaded from: http://www.cfdp.ca/bchoc.pdf. 2005. (accessed on Tuesday 20 December 2011)
-
A Public Health Approach to Drug Control in Canada: Discussion Paper
-
-
-
59
-
-
84877081334
-
Nicotine
-
In: Schuster CR, Kuhar M, eds, Berlin, Springer-Verlag
-
Henningfield JE, Keenan RM, Clarke PBS. Nicotine. In: Schuster CR, Kuhar M, eds. Pharmacological aspects of drug dependence. Berlin. 1996; Springer-Verlag: 272-314.
-
(1996)
Pharmacological aspects of drug dependence
, pp. 272-314
-
-
Henningfield, J.E.1
Keenan, R.M.2
Clarke, P.B.S.3
-
60
-
-
84859132411
-
Cognitive Flexibility, Attention and Speed of Mental Processing in Opioid and methamphetamine Addicts in Comparison with Non-Addicts
-
Hekmat S, Mehrjerdi ZA, Moradi A, Ekhtiari H, Bakhshi S. Cognitive Flexibility, Attention and Speed of Mental Processing in Opioid and methamphetamine Addicts in Comparison with Non-Addicts. Neuroscience. 2011; 2(2): 12-19
-
(2011)
Neuroscience.
, vol.2
, Issue.2
, pp. 12-19
-
-
Hekmat, S.1
Mehrjerdi, Z.A.2
Moradi, A.3
Ekhtiari, H.4
Bakhshi, S.5
-
61
-
-
78649672229
-
Khat use and neurobehavioral functions: Suggestions for future studies
-
Doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.033
-
Hoffman R, Al'bsi M. Khat use and neurobehavioral functions: Suggestions for future studies. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 132(3): 554-564. Doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.033.
-
(2010)
J Ethnopharmacol.
, vol.132
, Issue.3
, pp. 554-564
-
-
Hoffman, R.1
Al'bsi, M.2
-
62
-
-
0942290429
-
Is marijuana use becoming a 'gateway' to nicotine dependence?
-
PMID: 14678052
-
Humfleet GL, Haas AL. Is marijuana use becoming a 'gateway' to nicotine dependence? Addiction. 2004; 99(1):5-6. PMID: 14678052
-
(2004)
Addiction.
, vol.99
, Issue.1
, pp. 5-6
-
-
Humfleet, G.L.1
Haas, A.L.2
-
63
-
-
0037264789
-
Treatment of tobacco dependence in alcoholics
-
PMID: 12638645
-
Hurt RD, Patten CA. Treatment of tobacco dependence in alcoholics. Recent Developments in Alcoholism. 2003; 16: 335-359. PMID: 12638645
-
(2003)
Recent Developments in Alcoholism.
, vol.16
, pp. 335-359
-
-
Hurt, R.D.1
Patten, C.A.2
-
64
-
-
40749135294
-
A nationally representative case-control study of smoking and death in India
-
Jha P, Jacob B, Gajalakshmi V, Gupta PC, Dhingra N, Kumar R. A nationally representative case-control study of smoking and death in India. N Engl JMed. 2008; 358: 1137-47.
-
(2008)
N Engl JMed.
, vol.358
, pp. 1137-1147
-
-
Jha, P.1
Jacob, B.2
Gajalakshmi, V.3
Gupta, P.C.4
Dhingra, N.5
Kumar, R.6
-
65
-
-
0344393524
-
Strength of the relationship between tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence and the severity of alcohol dependence syndrome criteria in a populationbased sample
-
PMID: 14633650
-
John U, Meyer C, Rumpf H, Schumann A, Thyrian J, Hapke U. Strength of the relationship between tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence and the severity of alcohol dependence syndrome criteria in a populationbased sample. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2003; 38(6): 606-612. PMID: 14633650
-
(2003)
Alcohol and Alcoholism
, vol.38
, Issue.6
, pp. 606-612
-
-
John, U.1
Meyer, C.2
Rumpf, H.3
Schumann, A.4
Thyrian, J.5
Hapke, U.6
-
66
-
-
0025552821
-
Cathinone, a phenylpropylamine alkaolid from Khat leaves that has amphetamine effects in humans
-
Kalix P, Geisshusler S, Brenneisen R, Koelbing U, Fisch HU. Cathinone, a phenylpropylamine alkaolid from Khat leaves that has amphetamine effects in humans. NIDA Res. Monogr. 1990; 105: 289-290.
-
(1990)
NIDA Res. Monogr.
, vol.105
, pp. 289-290
-
-
Kalix, P.1
Geisshusler, S.2
Brenneisen, R.3
Koelbing, U.4
Fisch, H.U.5
-
67
-
-
0022204023
-
Pharmacological aspects of the chewing of Khat leaves
-
Kalix P, Braenden O. Pharmacological aspects of the chewing of Khat leaves. Pharmacol Rev. 1985; 37(2): 149-64.
-
(1985)
Pharmacol Rev.
, vol.37
, Issue.2
, pp. 149-164
-
-
Kalix, P.1
Braenden, O.2
-
69
-
-
0026601939
-
Cathinone a natural amphetamine
-
Kalix P. Cathinone a natural amphetamine. Pharmacology and Toxicology. 1992; 70: 77-86.
-
(1992)
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
, vol.70
, pp. 77-86
-
-
Kalix, P.1
-
72
-
-
84861557555
-
Protective Role of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Against Hyperlipidemia and Enhanced Oxidizability of Low Density Lipoprotein in Young Smokers
-
Khan A, Malhotra D. Protective Role of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Against Hyperlipidemia and Enhanced Oxidizability of Low Density Lipoprotein in Young Smokers. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 2011; 1 (1): 1-9.
-
(2011)
European Journal of Experimental Biology.
, vol.1
, Issue.1
, pp. 1-9
-
-
Khan, A.1
Malhotra, D.2
-
73
-
-
0038576288
-
Peers and adolescent smoking
-
Kobus K. Peers and adolescent smoking. Addiction. 2003; 98(Suppl 1): 37-55.
-
(2003)
Addiction.
, vol.98
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
, pp. 37-55
-
-
Kobus, K.1
-
74
-
-
33749316453
-
The effects of water-pipe, cigarette and passive smoking on mucociliary clearance
-
PMID:17001538
-
Köseoǧlu N, Aydin A, Uçan ES, Ceylan E, Eminoǧlu O, Durak H, Güven H. The effects of water-pipe, cigarette and passive smoking on mucociliary clearance. Tuberk Toraks. 2006; 54(3): 222-8. PMID:17001538.
-
(2006)
Tuberk Toraks.
, vol.54
, Issue.3
, pp. 222-228
-
-
Köseoǧlu, N.1
Aydin, A.2
Uçan, E.S.3
Ceylan, E.4
Eminoǧlu, O.5
Durak, H.6
Güven, H.7
-
75
-
-
0033659374
-
The association between cigarette smoking and drug abuse in the United States
-
Lai S, Lai H, Page JB, McCoy CB. The association between cigarette smoking and drug abuse in the United States. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2000; 19(4): 11-24
-
(2000)
Journal of Addictive Diseases.
, vol.19
, Issue.4
, pp. 11-24
-
-
Lai, S.1
Lai, H.2
Page, J.B.3
McCoy, C.B.4
-
76
-
-
77951842281
-
Khat (Catha edulis): The herb with officiolegal, socio-cultural and economic uncertainty
-
Lamina, S. Khat (Catha edulis): The herb with officiolegal, socio-cultural and economic uncertainty. S Afr J Sci. 2010; 106(3/4): 1-4.
-
(2010)
S Afr J Sci.
, vol.106
, Issue.3-4
, pp. 1-4
-
-
Lamina, S.1
-
77
-
-
77955330453
-
Prevalence of cigarette smoking and Khat chewing among Aden university medical students and their relationship to BP and body mass index
-
Available from
-
Laswar AK, Darwish H. Prevalence of cigarette smoking and Khat chewing among Aden university medical students and their relationship to BP and body mass index. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2009; 20(5): 862-6. Available from: http://www.sjkdt.org/text.asp?2009/20/5/862/55381.
-
(2009)
Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl.
, vol.20
, Issue.5
, pp. 862-866
-
-
Laswar, A.K.1
Darwish, H.2
-
78
-
-
77749245861
-
Khat Alters the Phenotype of in vitro-reconstructed Human Oral Mucosa
-
DOI: 10.1177/0022034509354980
-
Lukandu OM, Neppelberg E, Vintermyr OK, Johannessen AC, Costea1 DE. Khat Alters the Phenotype of in vitro-reconstructed Human Oral Mucosa. J Dent Res. 2010; 89(3): 270-275. DOI: 10.1177/0022034509354980.
-
(2010)
J Dent Res.
, vol.89
, Issue.3
, pp. 270-275
-
-
Lukandu, O.M.1
Neppelberg, E.2
Vintermyr, O.K.3
Johannessen, A.C.4
Costea, D.E.5
-
79
-
-
68549095947
-
Early loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in cell eath induced by Khat in primary normal oral cells
-
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.06.024
-
Lukandu OM, Costea EA, Neppelberg E, Bredholt T, Gjertsen BT, Johannessen C, Vintermyr, OK. Early loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in cell eath induced by Khat in primary normal oral cells. Toxicology. 2009; 263(2-3): 108-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.06.024.
-
(2009)
Toxicology.
, vol.263
, Issue.2-3
, pp. 108-116
-
-
Lukandu, O.M.1
Costea, E.A.2
Neppelberg, E.3
Bredholt, T.4
Gjertsen, B.T.5
Johannessen, C.6
Vintermyr, O.K.7
-
80
-
-
38049007112
-
Khat induces G1-phase arrest and increased expression of stress-sensitive p53 and p16 proteins in normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts
-
PMID:18186728
-
Lukandu OM, Costea DE, Dimba EA, Neppelberg E, Bredholt T, Gjertsen BT, Vintermyr O K, Johannessen AC. Khat induces G1-phase arrest and increased expression of stress-sensitive p53 and p16 proteins in normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Eur J Oral Sci, 2008a; 116(1): 23-30. PMID:18186728.
-
(2008)
Eur J Oral Sci
, vol.116
, Issue.1
, pp. 23-30
-
-
Lukandu, O.M.1
Costea, D.E.2
Dimba, E.A.3
Neppelberg, E.4
Bredholt, T.5
Gjertsen, B.T.6
Vintermyr, O.K.7
Johannessen, A.C.8
-
81
-
-
43349085175
-
Khat (Catha edulis) induces reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts
-
doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn044
-
Lukandu OM, Costea DE, Neppelberg E, Johannessen AC, Vintermyr OK. Khat (Catha edulis) induces reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Tox Sci, 2008b; 103(2): 311-324. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn044.
-
(2008)
Tox Sci
, vol.103
, Issue.2
, pp. 311-324
-
-
Lukandu, O.M.1
Costea, D.E.2
Neppelberg, E.3
Johannessen, A.C.4
Vintermyr, O.K.5
-
82
-
-
77956465086
-
Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes for Comorbid Patients in Psychiatric Day Treatment
-
Magura S, Rosenblum A, Betzler T. Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes for Comorbid Patients in Psychiatric Day Treatment. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment. 2009; 3: 71-78.
-
(2009)
Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment.
, vol.3
, pp. 71-78
-
-
Magura, S.1
Rosenblum, A.2
Betzler, T.3
-
83
-
-
20544437796
-
Chemical characterization of counterfeit captagon tablets seized in Jordan
-
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.08.004
-
Mahmoud A Alabdalla. Chemical characterization of counterfeit captagon tablets seized in Jordan. Forensic Sci Int. 2005; 152(2-3): 185-8. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.08.004.
-
(2005)
Forensic Sci Int.
, vol.152
, Issue.2-3
, pp. 185-188
-
-
Alabdalla, M.A.1
-
84
-
-
0035708621
-
Nicotine dependence studies with a laboratory model
-
Malin DH. Nicotine dependence studies with a laboratory model. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 2001; 70: 551-559.
-
(2001)
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior.
, vol.70
, pp. 551-559
-
-
Malin, D.H.1
-
85
-
-
0037304390
-
Clove cigarette smoking: Biochemical, physiological and subjective effects
-
Malson J, Lee E, Murty R, Murty R, Moolchan ET, Pickworth WB. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003; 74(3): 739-745.
-
(2003)
Pharmacol Biochem Behav.
, vol.74
, Issue.3
, pp. 739-745
-
-
Malson, J.1
Lee, E.2
Murty, R.3
Murty, R.4
Moolchan, E.T.5
Pickworth, W.B.6
-
87
-
-
78149500672
-
The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking
-
Maziak, W. 2011. The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking. Addict. Behav., 36: 1-5.
-
(2011)
Addict. Behav.
, vol.36
, pp. 1-5
-
-
Maziak, W.1
-
88
-
-
82455210808
-
Khat (Catha edulis) alters the phenotype and anti-microbial activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
-
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.030
-
Murdoch C, Hesham A, Hsin-Yu F, Hussun J, Raga M, Munitta M. Khat (Catha edulis) alters the phenotype and anti-microbial activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011; 138(3): 780-787. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.030.
-
(2011)
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
, vol.138
, Issue.3
, pp. 780-787
-
-
Murdoch, C.1
Hesham, A.2
Hsin-Yu, F.3
Hussun, J.4
Raga, M.5
Munitta, M.6
-
89
-
-
0030308149
-
Rapid assessment of drug abuse in Kenya
-
PubMed ID: 9839036
-
Mwenesi HA. Rapid assessment of drug abuse in Kenya. Bulletin on Narcotics. 1996; 48(1-2): 65-78. PubMed ID: 9839036.
-
(1996)
Bulletin on Narcotics.
, vol.48
, Issue.1-2
, pp. 65-78
-
-
Mwenesi, H.A.1
-
90
-
-
0036058380
-
The subjective effects of chewing Qat leaves in human volunteers
-
Nageeb AG, Abdallah A Gunaid, Fouad M Y El Khally, Iain M Murray-Lyon. The subjective effects of chewing Qat leaves in human volunteers. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2002; 22(1-2): 34-37.
-
(2002)
Annals of Saudi Medicine.
, vol.22
, Issue.1-2
, pp. 34-37
-
-
Nageeb, A.G.1
Gunaid, A.A.2
Fouad, M.3
El Khally, Y.4
Murray-Lyon, I.M.5
-
91
-
-
33947194241
-
Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse
-
Nutt David, Leslie A King, William Saulsbury, Colin Blakemore. Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. The Lancet. 2007; 369: 1047-1053.
-
(2007)
The Lancet.
, vol.369
, pp. 1047-1053
-
-
David, N.1
King, L.A.2
Saulsbury, W.3
Blakemore, C.4
-
92
-
-
33947579296
-
Chronic Khat use and psychotic disorders: A review of the literature and future prospects
-
Odenwald M. Chronic Khat use and psychotic disorders: a review of the literature and future prospects. Sucht. 2007; 53: 9-22.
-
(2007)
Sucht.
, vol.53
, pp. 9-22
-
-
Odenwald, M.1
-
93
-
-
38049032917
-
The consumption of Khat and other drugs in Somali combatants: A cross-sectional study
-
Odenwald M, Hinkel H, Schauer E, Neuner F, Schauer M, Elbert T. The consumption of Khat and other drugs in Somali combatants: a cross-sectional study. PLoS Medicine. 2007; 4: 1959-1972.
-
(2007)
PLoS Medicine.
, vol.4
, pp. 1959-1972
-
-
Odenwald, M.1
Hinkel, H.2
Schauer, E.3
Neuner, F.4
Schauer, M.5
Elbert, T.6
-
94
-
-
69849091489
-
Use of Khat and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for psychotic symptoms: A study of Somali combatants
-
Odenwald M, Hinkel H, Schauer E, Schauer M, Elbert T, Neuner F, Rockstroh B. Use of Khat and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for psychotic symptoms: a study of Somali combatants. Social Science & Medicine. 2009; 69: 1040-1048.
-
(2009)
Social Science & Medicine.
, vol.69
, pp. 1040-1048
-
-
Odenwald, M.1
Hinkel, H.2
Schauer, E.3
Schauer, M.4
Elbert, T.5
Neuner, F.6
Rockstroh, B.7
-
95
-
-
27544513484
-
Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: A crosssectional and case-control study in Somalia
-
Odenwald M, Neuner F, Schauer M, Elbert T, Catani C, Lingenfelter B, Hinkel H, Hafner H, Rockstroh B. Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: a crosssectional and case-control study in Somalia. BMC Medicine. 2005; 3: 5-15.
-
(2005)
BMC Medicine.
, vol.3
, pp. 5-15
-
-
Odenwald, M.1
Neuner, F.2
Schauer, M.3
Elbert, T.4
Catani, C.5
Lingenfelter, B.6
Hinkel, H.7
Hafner, H.8
Rockstroh, B.9
-
97
-
-
0033964077
-
Neuronal nicotinic receptors in the human brain
-
Paterson D, Nordberg A. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in the human brain. Progress in Neurobiology. 2000; 61:75-111.
-
(2000)
Progress in Neurobiology.
, vol.61
, pp. 75-111
-
-
Paterson, D.1
Nordberg, A.2
-
98
-
-
56049118663
-
Risk assessment of Khat use in the Netherlands: A review based on adverse health effects, prevalence, criminal involvement and public order
-
doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.08.005
-
Pennings EJM, Opperhuizen A, van Amsterdam JGC. Risk assessment of Khat use in the Netherlands: A review based on adverse health effects, prevalence, criminal involvement and public order. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2008; 52(3): 199-207. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.08.005
-
(2008)
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.
, vol.52
, Issue.3
, pp. 199-207
-
-
Pennings, E.J.M.1
Opperhuizen, A.2
van Amsterdam, J.G.C.3
-
99
-
-
4143066421
-
Tobacco use in India: Prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey
-
Rani M, Bonu S, Jha P, Nguyen SN, Jamjoum L. Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey. Tobacco Control. 2003; 12: e4-e4. http://www.tobaccocontrol.com/cgi/content/full/12/4/e4.
-
(2003)
Tobacco Control.
, vol.12
-
-
Rani, M.1
Bonu, S.2
Jha, P.3
Nguyen, S.N.4
Jamjoum, L.5
-
100
-
-
80054887371
-
Socio-medical problem of the habituation of Khat chewing in Jazan Region in Southern Saudi Arabia
-
Rashad Elsanosi, Bani I, Ageely H., Milaat, W, El-Najjar, M, Makeen A, and Umar Yagob. Socio-medical problem of the habituation of Khat chewing in Jazan Region in Southern Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Scientific Research. 2011; 63(1): 122-133.
-
(2011)
European Journal of Scientific Research.
, vol.63
, Issue.1
, pp. 122-133
-
-
Elsanosi, R.1
Bani, I.2
Ageely, H.3
Milaat, W.4
El-Najjar, M.5
Makeen, A.6
Yagob, U.7
-
101
-
-
84859121132
-
Prevalence and Determinants of Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing among High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
-
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033946
-
Reda A, Moges A, Biadgilign S, Wondmagegn BY. Prevalence and Determinants of Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing among High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoSONE, 2012; 7(3): e33946. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033946.
-
(2012)
PLoSONE
, vol.7
, Issue.3
-
-
Reda, A.1
Moges, A.2
Biadgilign, S.3
Wondmagegn, B.Y.4
-
102
-
-
80052271645
-
Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke increases matrix metalloproteinases and Filaggrin mRNA expression in oral keratinocytes: Role of nicotine stimulation
-
doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.006
-
Reno F, Rocchetti, P, Migliario M, Rizzi M, Cannas M. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke increases matrix metalloproteinases and Filaggrin mRNA expression in oral keratinocytes: Role of nicotine stimulation. Oral Oncology. 2011; 47: 827-830. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.006.
-
(2011)
Oral Oncology.
, vol.47
, pp. 827-830
-
-
Reno, F.1
Rocchetti, P.2
Migliario, M.3
Rizzi, M.4
Cannas, M.5
-
103
-
-
33646124829
-
The neuropsychology of chronic drug abuse
-
In: Ron MA, Robbins TW (eds), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge
-
Rogers RD, Robbins TW. The neuropsychology of chronic drug abuse. In: Ron MA, Robbins TW (eds). Disorders of Brain and Mind. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 2003.
-
(2003)
Disorders of Brain and Mind
-
-
Rogers, R.D.1
Robbins, T.W.2
-
104
-
-
62449248550
-
Canadian and English students' beliefs about waterpipe smoking: A qualitative study
-
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-10
-
Roskin J and Aveyard P. Canadian and English students' beliefs about waterpipe smoking: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9: 10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-10
-
(2009)
BMC Public Health.
, vol.9
, pp. 10
-
-
Roskin, J.1
Aveyard, P.2
-
105
-
-
43749094794
-
-
Royal College of Physicians, A report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London: RCP
-
Royal College of Physicians. Harm reduction in nicotine addiction: helping people who can't quit. A report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London: RCP. 2007.
-
(2007)
Harm reduction in nicotine addiction: Helping people who can't quit
-
-
-
106
-
-
77649271687
-
Water pipe smoking and human oral cancers
-
Rastam S, Fu-Min L, Fouad MF, Haysam M Al Kamal, Nizar Akil, Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa. Water pipe smoking and human oral cancers. Medical Hypotheses. 2010; 74(3): 457-459
-
(2010)
Medical Hypotheses.
, vol.74
, Issue.3
, pp. 457-459
-
-
Rastam, S.1
Fu-Min, L.2
Fouad, M.F.3
Al Kamal, H.M.4
Akil, N.5
Al Moustafa, A.-E.6
-
107
-
-
45749116615
-
Prevalence and predictors of smoking in Butajira town, Ethiopia
-
Schoenmaker N, Hermanides J and Davey G. Prevalence and predictors of smoking in Butajira town, Ethiopia. Ethiop.J. Health Dev. 2005; 19(3): 182-187.
-
(2005)
Ethiop.J. Health Dev.
, vol.19
, Issue.3
, pp. 182-187
-
-
Schoenmaker, N.1
Hermanides, J.2
Davey, G.3
-
108
-
-
0030308129
-
Rapid assessment of drug abuse in Ethiopia
-
PMID: 9839035
-
Selassie SG and Gebre A. Rapid assessment of drug abuse in Ethiopia. Bull Narc. 1996; 48:53-63. PMID: 9839035
-
(1996)
Bull Narc.
, vol.48
, pp. 53-63
-
-
Selassie, S.G.1
Gebre, A.2
-
110
-
-
84855232984
-
Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescent Secondary School Boys in Ahad Rufeida, Southwestern Saudi Arabia
-
doi:10.1093/tropej/fmq108
-
Shatoor AS, Mahfouz AA, Khan MY, Daffalla, AA, Mostafa O. and Hammad RK. Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescent Secondary School Boys in Ahad Rufeida, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2011; 57(5): 382-384. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmq108
-
(2011)
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics.
, vol.57
, Issue.5
, pp. 382-384
-
-
Shatoor, A.S.1
Mahfouz, A.A.2
Khan, M.Y.3
Daffalla, A.A.4
Mostafa, O.5
Hammad, R.K.6
-
111
-
-
33745738412
-
The acute effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on attention and psychomotor performance
-
PMID:16761129
-
Silber B, Croft R, Papafotiou K, Stough C. The acute effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on attention and psychomotor performance. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 2006; 187(2):154-169. PMID:16761129
-
(2006)
Psychopharmacology (Berlin).
, vol.187
, Issue.2
, pp. 154-169
-
-
Silber, B.1
Croft, R.2
Papafotiou, K.3
Stough, C.4
-
113
-
-
0034014826
-
IARC group 2A Carcinogens reported in cigarette mainstream smoke
-
Smith CJ, Perfetti TA, Rumple MA, Rodgman A, Doolittle DJ. "IARC group 2A Carcinogens" reported in cigarette mainstream smoke. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000; 38(4): 371-83.
-
(2000)
Food Chem Toxicol.
, vol.38
, Issue.4
, pp. 371-383
-
-
Smith, C.J.1
Perfetti, T.A.2
Rumple, M.A.3
Rodgman, A.4
Doolittle, D.J.5
-
114
-
-
0031455937
-
An international literature survey of "IARC Group I carcinogens" reported in mainstream cigarette smoke
-
Smith CJ, Livingston SD, Doolittle DJ. An international literature survey of "IARC Group I carcinogens" reported in mainstream cigarette smoke. Food Chem Toxicol. 1997; 35(10-11): 1107-30.
-
(1997)
Food Chem Toxicol.
, vol.35
, Issue.10-11
, pp. 1107-1130
-
-
Smith, C.J.1
Livingston, S.D.2
Doolittle, D.J.3
-
115
-
-
53049099866
-
Differing psychosocial risk profiles of college freshmen waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smokers
-
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.017
-
Smith-Simone SY, Curbow BA and Stillman FA. Differing psychosocial risk profiles of college freshmen waterpipe, cigar, and cigarette smokers. Addictive Behaviors. 2008; 33: 1619-1624. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.017.
-
(2008)
Addictive Behaviors.
, vol.33
, pp. 1619-1624
-
-
Smith-Simone, S.Y.1
Curbow, B.A.2
Stillman, F.A.3
-
116
-
-
38849148377
-
Waterpipe tobacco smoking: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior in two U.S. samples
-
Smith-Simone S, Maziak W, Ward KD and Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior in two U.S. samples. Nicotine Tobacco Research. 2008; 10(2): 393-398.
-
(2008)
Nicotine Tobacco Research.
, vol.10
, Issue.2
, pp. 393-398
-
-
Smith-Simone, S.1
Maziak, W.2
Ward, K.D.3
Eissenberg, T.4
-
117
-
-
85047692390
-
Tobacco use and dependence
-
Sohn M, Hartley C, Froelicher E, and Benwitz NL. Tobacco use and dependence. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2003; 19(4): 250-260.
-
(2003)
Seminars in Oncology Nursing
, vol.19
, Issue.4
, pp. 250-260
-
-
Sohn, M.1
Hartley, C.2
Froelicher, E.3
Benwitz, N.L.4
-
118
-
-
79955544392
-
Prevalence and correlates of waterpipe tobacco smoking by college students in North Carolina
-
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.018
-
Sutfin EL, McCoy, TP, Reboussin, BA, Wagoner, KG, Spangler, J, Wolfson M. Prevalence and correlates of waterpipe tobacco smoking by college students in North Carolina. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2011; 115(1-2): 131-136. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.018.
-
(2011)
Drug and Alcohol Dependence.
, vol.115
, Issue.1-2
, pp. 131-136
-
-
Sutfin, E.L.1
McCoy, T.P.2
Reboussin, B.A.3
Wagoner, K.G.4
Spangler, J.5
Wolfson, M.6
-
119
-
-
0034449623
-
Smoking among male psychiatric outpatients in Saudi Arabia
-
Tariq A. Al-Habeeb and Naseem A. Qureshi. Smoking among male psychiatric outpatients in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2000; 20(3-4): 218-223.
-
(2000)
Annals of Saudi Medicine.
, vol.20
, Issue.3-4
, pp. 218-223
-
-
Al-Habeeb, T.A.1
Qureshi, N.A.2
-
120
-
-
84978390217
-
Association of smoking and Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) use with high blood pressure among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2006
-
PMID:18558039
-
Tesfaye F, Byass P, Wall S, Berhane Y, Bonita R. Association of smoking and Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) use with high blood pressure among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2006. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008; 5(3):A89. PMID:18558039.
-
(2008)
Prev Chronic Dis
, vol.5
, Issue.3
-
-
Tesfaye, F.1
Byass, P.2
Wall, S.3
Berhane, Y.4
Bonita, R.5
-
121
-
-
84877015362
-
-
Tobacco. org, Available at, 2011. (last updated Tues 19 Dec 2011)
-
Tobacco. org. Additive-free, candy-flavoured cigarettes toxic as regulars. Available at: http://www.tobacco.org/news/110380.html. 2011. (last updated Tues 19 Dec 2011).
-
Additive-free, candy-flavoured cigarettes toxic as regulars
-
-
-
122
-
-
0037998726
-
Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of Khat leaves
-
Toennes SW, Harder S, Schramm M, Niess C, Kauert GF. Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of Khat leaves. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003; 56(1): 125-30.
-
(2003)
Br J Clin Pharmacol.
, vol.56
, Issue.1
, pp. 125-130
-
-
Toennes, S.W.1
Harder, S.2
Schramm, M.3
Niess, C.4
Kauert, G.F.5
-
123
-
-
0034183096
-
Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: Findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
-
Tomar SL and Asma S. Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J. Periodontol. 2000;71(5): 743-51.
-
(2000)
J. Periodontol.
, vol.71
, Issue.5
, pp. 743-751
-
-
Tomar, S.L.1
Asma, S.2
-
124
-
-
84877032398
-
-
TMCDDA, Turkish Monitoring Center for Addiction and Drugs Addiction. Available at, 2008. (accessed on 5 Dec 2011)
-
TMCDDA. National Report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Turkish Monitoring Center for Addiction and Drugs Addiction. Available at: http://www.tubim.gov.tr/Dosyalar/RAPORLAR/2008_tu rkiye_rapor_en.pdf. 2008. (accessed on 5 Dec 2011).
-
National Report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point
-
-
-
125
-
-
3543068134
-
Clinical implications and methodological challenges in the study of the neuropsychological correlates of cannabis, stimulant, and opioid abuse
-
Verdejo-Garcia A, Lopez-Torrecillas F, Gimenez CO, and Perez-Garcia M. Clinical implications and methodological challenges in the study of the neuropsychological correlates of cannabis, stimulant, and opioid abuse. Neuropsychology Review. 2004; 14: 1-41.
-
(2004)
Neuropsychology Review.
, vol.14
, pp. 1-41
-
-
Verdejo-Garcia, A.1
Lopez-Torrecillas, F.2
Gimenez, C.O.3
Perez-Garcia, M.4
-
126
-
-
0029815970
-
Nicotinic receptors in the brain: Molecular biology, function, and therapeutics
-
Vidal C. Nicotinic receptors in the brain: molecular biology, function, and therapeutics. Molecular Chemistry and Neuropathology. 1996; 28: 3-11.
-
(1996)
Molecular Chemistry and Neuropathology.
, vol.28
, pp. 3-11
-
-
Vidal, C.1
-
127
-
-
84877051690
-
-
United Nations, 193. New York. Downloaded from, (accessed on 21 December 2011)
-
United Nations. World Population Prospects: Revision of 2004. Report No. ESA/P/WP.193. New York. Downloaded from: http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WPP200 4/2004Highlights_finalrevised.pdf. 2005. (accessed on 21 December 2011).
-
(2005)
World Population Prospects: Revision of 2004. Report No. ESA/P/WP
-
-
-
128
-
-
71349084763
-
-
UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime), United Nations Publication Sales No. E.09. XI.12. UN, New York
-
UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime). World Drugs Report. United Nations Publication Sales No. E.09. XI.12. UN, New York. 2009.
-
(2009)
World Drugs Report
-
-
-
131
-
-
84877082993
-
-
WHO, 0Available at, (Accessed on Tuesday 20 December 2011)
-
WHO. Substance Abuse. Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/substance_abuse/en/. 2011. (Accessed on Tuesday 20 December 2011).
-
(2011)
Substance Abuse
-
-
-
133
-
-
4444290393
-
-
WHO (World Health Organization), Report No ISBN 92 4 156235 8 (LC/NLM classification: WM 270). Geneva, Switzerland
-
WHO (World Health Organization). Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence. World Health Organization. Report No ISBN 92 4 156235 8 (LC/NLM classification: WM 270). Geneva, Switzerland. 2004.
-
(2004)
Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence. World Health Organization
-
-
-
134
-
-
0037690139
-
-
WHO (World Health Organization), Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization
-
WHO (World Health Organization). Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. 1994.
-
(1994)
Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms
-
-
-
135
-
-
8444251751
-
Effects of brief cognitive-behavioral interventions on confidence to resist the urges to use heroin and methamphetamine in relapse-related situations
-
Yen CF, Wu HY, Yen JY, and Ko CH. Effects of brief cognitive-behavioral interventions on confidence to resist the urges to use heroin and methamphetamine in relapse-related situations. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2004; 192(11): 788-91.
-
(2004)
J. Nerv. Ment. Dis
, vol.192
, Issue.11
, pp. 788-791
-
-
Yen, C.F.1
Wu, H.Y.2
Yen, J.Y.3
Ko, C.H.4
-
136
-
-
0024246249
-
Polydrug abuse among Ethiopian university students with particular reference to Khat (Catha edulis)
-
Zein ZA. Polydrug abuse among Ethiopian university students with particular reference to Khat (Catha edulis). J Trop Med Hyg. 1988; 91(2): 71-5.
-
(1988)
J Trop Med Hyg.
, vol.91
, Issue.2
, pp. 71-75
-
-
Zein, Z.A.1
|