Purinergic signaling

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Membrane Transport and Signaling

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 116-125

  Burnstock, Geoffrey ^a   Verkhratsky, Alexei ^b  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ADENOSINE RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; CLOPIDOGREL; PURINE DERIVATIVE; PURINERGIC P2X RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2X RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PURINERGIC P2X1 RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2X2 RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2X3 RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2X4 RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2X5 RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2X6 RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2Y RECEPTOR; PURINERGIC P2Y RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PURINERGIC RECEPTOR; PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE;

ADRENERGIC TRANSMISSION; ALLODYNIA; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CELL ACTIVITY; CELL DEATH; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL REGENERATION; CELL TYPE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; DEPRESSION; DRUG TARGETING; DRY EYE; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; EPILEPSY; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; INFLAMMATORY PAIN; INJURY; ISCHEMIA; KIDNEY FAILURE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MIGRAINE; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEUROMODULATION; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN SECRETION; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYMPATHETIC NERVE; THROMBOSIS; URINE INCONTINENCE;

EID: 84874379678     PISSN: 2190460X     EISSN: 21904618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/wmts.14     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Burnstock G. A moment of excitement. Living History Series. The discovery of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission. Physiol News 2004, 56:7-9.
2. Drury AN, Szent-Györgyi A The physiological activity of adenine compounds with special reference to their action upon mamalian heart. J Physiol (London) 1929, 68:213-237.
3. Feldberg W, Hebb C. The stimulating action of phosphate compounds on the perfused superior cervical ganglion of the cat. J Physiol 1948, 107: 210-221.
4. Holton P. The liberation of adenosine triphosphate on antidromic stimulation of sensory nerves. J Physiol 1959, 145:494-504.
5. Burnstock G, Campbell G, Satchell D, Smythe A. Evidence that adenosine triphosphate or a related nucleotide is the transmitter substance released by non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves in the gut. Br J Pharmacol 1970, 40:668-688.
6. Burnstock G. Purinergic nerves. Pharmacol Rev 1972, 24: 509-581.
7. Burnstock G. Physiology and pathophysiology of purinergic neurotransmission. Physiol Rev 2007, 87:659-797.
8. Dale H. Pharmacology and nerve endings. Proc Roy Soc Med 1935, 28:319-332.
9. 3H]adenosine triphosphate: release during stimulation of enteric nerves. Science 1971, 173:336-338.
10. Burnstock G. Do some nerve cells release more than one transmitter? Neuroscience 1976, 1:239-248.
11. Burnstock G. Purinergic cotransmission. Exp Physiol 2009, 94:20-24.
12. Westfall DP, Stitzel RE, Rowe JN. The postjunctional effects and neural release of purine compounds in the guinea-pig vas deferens. Eur J Pharmacol 1978, 50:27-38.
13. Hoyle CHV. Purinergic cotransmission: parasympathetic and enteric nerves. Semin Neurosci 1996, 8:207-215.
14. Burnstock G. Introduction: Changing face of autonomic and sensory nerves in the circulation. In: Edvinsson L, Uddman R, eds. Vascular Innervation and Receptor mechanisms: New Perspectives. San Diego: Academic Press Inc; 1993, 1-22.
15. Belai A, Burnstock G. Evidence for coexistence of ATP and nitric oxide in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurones in the rat ileum, colon and anococcygeus muscle. Cell Tissue Res 1994, 278:197-200.
16. Silinsky EM, Hubbard JI. Release of ATP from rat motor nerve terminals. Nature 1973, 243:404-405.
17. Richardson PJ, Brown SJ. ATP release from affinity-purified rat cholinergic nerve terminals. J Neurochem 1987, 48:622-630.
18. Sperlagh B, Sershen H, Lajtha A, Vizi ES. Co-release of endogenous ATP and [3H]noradrenaline from rat hypothalamic slices: origin and modulation by alpha2-adrenoceptors. Neuroscience 1998, 82:511-520.
19. Jo YH, Role LW. Coordinate release of ATP and GABA at in vitro synapses of lateral hypothalamic neurons. J Neurosci 2002, 22:4794-4804.
20. Krugel U, Kittner H, Franke H, Illes P. Purinergic modulation of neuronal activity in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in vivo. Synapse 2003, 47:134-142.
21. Mori M, Heuss C, Gahwiler BH, Gerber U. Fast synaptic transmission mediated by P2X receptors in CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slice cultures. J Physiol 2001, 535:115-123.
22. Pankratov Y, Lalo U, Krishtal O, Verkhratsky A. Ionotropic P2X purinoreceptors mediate synaptic transmission in rat pyramidal neurones of layer II/III of somato-sensory cortex. J Physiol 2002, 542:529-536.
23. Pankratov Y, Lalo U, Krishtal O, Verkhratsky A. P2X receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic currents in somatosensory cortex. Mol Cell Neurosci 2003, 24:842-849.
24. Pankratov Y, Castro E, Miras-Portugal MT, Krishtal O. A purinergic component of the excitatory postsynaptic current mediated by P2X receptors in the CA1 neurons of the rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 1998, 10:3898-3902.
25. Browne LE, Jiang LH, North RA. New structure enlivens interest in P2X receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010, 31:229-237.
26. Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G, Verkhratsky A, Zimmermann H. Purinergic signalling in the nervous system: an overview. Trends Neurosci 2009, 32:19-29.
27. Fields RD, Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling in neuron-glia interactions. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006, 7:423-436.
28. Farber K, Kettenmann H. Purinergic signaling and microglia. Pflugers Arch 2006, 452:615-621.
29. Gourine AV, Llaudet E, Dale N, Spyer KM. ATP is a mediator of chemosensory transduction in the central nervous system. Nature 2005, 436:108-111.
30. Hamilton N, Vayro S, Kirchhoff F, Verkhratsky A, Robbins J, Gorecki DC, Butt AM. Mechanisms of ATP- and glutamate-mediated calcium signaling in white matter astrocytes. Glia 2008, 56:734-749.
31. Kirischuk S, Moller T, Voitenko N, Kettenmann H, Verkhratsky A. ATP-induced cytoplasmic calcium mobilization in Bergmann glial cells. J Neurosci 1995, 15:7861-7871.
32. 3-sensitive internal stores in mammalian oligodendrocytes. J Physiol 1995, 483(Pt 1):41-57.
33. 5 subunits form the functional P2X receptor in mouse cortical astrocytes. J Neurosci 2008, 28:5473-5480.
34. North RA, Verkhratsky A. Purinergic transmission in the central nervous system. Pflugers Arch 2006, 452:479-485.
35. Edwards FA, Gibb AJ, Colquhoun D. ATP receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the central nervous system. Nature 1992, 359:144-147.
36. Edwards FA, Robertson SJ, Gibb AJ. Properties of ATP receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the rat medial habenula. Neuropharmacology 1997, 36:1253-1268.
37. Burnstock G, Knight GE. Cellular distribution and functions of P2 receptor subtypes in different systems. Int Rev Cytol 2004, 240:31-304.
38. Cook SP, Vulchanova L, Hargreaves KM, Elde R, McCleskey EW. Distinct ATP receptors on pain-sensing and stretch-sensing neurons. Nature 1997, 387:505-508.
39. Rong W, Gourine AV, Cockayne DA, Xiang Z, Ford AP, Spyer KM, Burnstock G. Pivotal role of nucleotide P2X2 receptor subunit of the ATP-gated ion channel mediating ventilatory responses to hypoxia. J Neurosci 2003, 23:11315-11321.
40. Schiedel AC, Meyer H, Borrmann T, Müller CE. Characterization of high-affinity adenine binding sites in Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolated from contaminated Tris buffer. Purinergic Signalling 2008, 4:S7-S8.
41. Souslova V, Cesare P, Ding Y, Akopian AN, Stanfa L, Suzuki R, Carpenter K, Dickenson A, Boyce S, Hill R, et al. Warm-coding deficits and aberrant inflammatory pain in mice lacking P2X3 receptors. Nature 2000, 407:1015-1017.
42. Erlinge D, Burnstock G. P2 receptors in cardiovascular regulation and disease. Purinergic Signal 2008, 4:1-20.
43. 1 receptors mediate endothelial dependent vasodilation to ATP. Mol Pharmacol 2007, 72:1132-1136.
44. Harrington LS, Mitchell JA. Novel role for P2X receptor activation in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Br J Pharmacol 2004, 143:611-617.
45. 2+ entry differentially contribute to the release of IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha from murine macrophages. J Immunol 2003, 170:3029-3036.
46. 7 receptor. Crit Rev Immunol 2006, 26:499-513.
47. 3 knockout mice. Immunobiology 2005, 209:661-668.
48. 7 receptor differentially couples to distinct release pathways for IL-1β in mouse macrophage. J Immunol 2008, 180:7147-7157.
49. 11 receptor. J Immunol 2007, 179:8544-8553.
50. Fu XW, Nurse CA, Cutz E. Expression of functional purinergic receptors in pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies and their role in hypoxia chemotransmission. Biol Chem 2004, 385:275-284.
51. Hayashi T, Kawakami M, Sasaki S, Katsumata T, Mori H, Yoshida H, Nakahari T. ATP regulation of ciliary beat frequency in rat tracheal and distal airway epithelium. Exp Physiol 2005, 90:535-544.
52. Idzko M, Hammad H, van Nimwegen M, Kool M, Willart MA, Muskens F, Hoogsteden HC, Luttmann W, Ferrari D, Di Virgilio F, et al. Extracellular ATP triggers and maintains asthmatic airway inflammation by activating dendritic cells. Nat Med 2007, 13:913-919.
53. Mounkaila B, Marthan R, Roux E. Biphasic effect of extracellular ATP on human and rat airways is due to multiple P2 purinoceptor activation. Respir Res 2005, 6:143.
54. Burnstock G. Purinergic receptors as future targets for treatment of functional GI disorders. Gut 2008, 57:1193-1194.
55. 2+ activity in interstitial cells of Cajal. Neuropharmacology 2005, 48:264-273.
56. Giaroni C, Knight GE, Zanetti E, Chiaravalli AM, Lecchini S, Frigo G, Burnstock G. Postnatal development of P2 receptors in the murine gastrointestinal tract. Neuropharmacology 2006, 50:690-704.
57. Van Crombruggen K, Van Nassauw L, Timmermans JP, Lefebvre RA. Inhibitory purinergic P2 receptor characterisation in rat distal colon. Neuropharmacology 2007, 53:257-271.
58. Cooke HJ, Wunderlich J, Christofi FL. "The force be with you": ATP in gut mechanosensory transduction. News Physiol Sci 2003, 18:43-49.
59. Doctor RB, Matzakos T, McWilliams R, Johnson S, Feranchak AP, Fitz JG. Purinergic regulation of cholangiocyte secretion: identification of a novel role for P2X receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005, 288:G779-G786.
60. 2+ release. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008, 295:G1004-G1015.
61. Masyuk AI, Gradilone SA, Banales JM, Huang BQ, Masyuk TV, Lee SO, Splinter PL, Stroope AJ, Larusso NF. Cholangiocyte primary cilia are chemosensory organelles that detect biliary nucleotides via P2Y12 purinergic receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008, 295:G725-G734.
62. Roman RM, Feranchak AP, Salter KD, Wang Y, Fitz JG. Endogenous ATP release regulates Cl- secretion in cultured human and rat biliary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1999, 276:G1391-G1400.
63. Bell PD, Lapointe JY, Sabirov R, Hayashi S, Peti-Peterdi J, Manabe K, Kovacs G, Okada Y. Macula densa cell signaling involves ATP release through a maxi anion channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:4322-4327.
64. Guan Z, Osmond DA, Inscho EW. P2X receptors as regulators of the renal microvasculature. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007, 28:646-652.
65. Lee YJ, Park SH, Han HJ. ATP stimulates Na+-glucose cotransporter activity via cAMP and p38 MAPK in renal proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005, 289:C1268-C1276.
66. Liu R, Bell PD, Peti-Peterdi J, Kovacs G, Johansson A, Persson AE. Purinergic receptor signaling at the basolateral membrane of macula densa cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002, 13:1145-1151.
67. Vallon V. P2 receptors in the regulation of renal transport mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008, 294:F10-F27.
68. Wildman SS, King BF. P2X receptors: epithelial ion channels and regulators of salt and water transport. Nephron Physiol 2008, 108:p60-p67.
69. Chopra B, Gever J, Barrick SR, Hanna-Mitchell AT, Beckel JM, Ford AP, Birder LA. Expression and function of rat urothelial P2Y receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008, 294:F821-F829.
70. Ford AP, Gever JR, Nunn PA, Zhong Y, Cefalu JS, Dillon MP, Cockayne DA. Purinoceptors as therapeutic targets for lower urinary tract dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2006, 147(suppl 2):S132-S143.
71. Ruggieri MR, Sr. Mechanisms of disease: role of purinergic signaling in the pathophysiology of bladder dysfunction. Nat Clin Pract Urol 2006, 3:206-215.
72. Werkstrom V, Andersson KE. ATP- and adenosine-induced relaxation of the smooth muscle of the pig urethra. BJU Int 2005, 96:1386-1391.
73. Banks FC, Knight GE, Calvert RC, Thompson CS, Morgan RJ, Burnstock G. The purinergic component of human vas deferens contraction. Fertil Steril 2006, 85:932-939.
74. 2) receptor control of lower genitourinary tract function and new avenues for drug action: an overview. Curr Pharm Des 2007, 13:3236-3244.
75. Lau DH, Metcalfe MJ, Mumtaz FH, Mikhailidis DP, Thompson CS. Purinergic modulation of human corpus cavernosum relaxation. Int J Androl 2007, 32:149-155.
76. Poletto Chaves LA, Pontelli EP, Varanda WA. P2X receptors in mouse Leydig cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006, 290:C1009-C1017.
77. Bardini M, Lee HY, Burnstock G. Distribution of P2X receptor subtypes in the rat female reproductive tract at late pro-oestrus/early oestrus. Cell Tissue Res 2000, 299:105-113.
78. Katugampola H, Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling to rat ovarian smooth muscle: changes in P2X receptor expression during pregnancy. Cells Tissues Organs 2004, 178:33-47.
79. Min K, Munarriz R, Yerxa BR, Goldstein I, Shaver SR, Cowlen MS, Traish AM. Selective P2Y2 receptor agonists stimulate vaginal moisture in ovariectomized rabbits. Fertil Steril 2003, 79:393-398.
80. Papka RE, Hafemeister J, Storey-Workley M. P2X receptors in the rat uterine cervix, lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord during pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res 2005, 321:35-44.
81. Piper AS, Hollingsworth M. P2-purinoceptors mediating spasm of the isolated uterus of the non-pregnant guinea-pig. Br J Pharmacol 1996, 117:1721-1729.
82. Ziganshin AU, Zaitcev AP, Khasanov AA, Shamsutdinov AF, Burnstock G. Term-dependency of P2 receptor-mediated contractile responses of isolated human pregnant uterus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006, 129:128-134.
83. Gallagher JA. ATP P2 receptors and regulation of bone effector cells. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2004, 4:125-127.
84. Burnstock G. A basis for distinguishing two types of purinergic receptor. In: Straub RW, Boils L, eds. Cell membranhe receptors for drugs and hormones: A multidisciplinary approach. New York: Raven Press; 1978, 107-118.
85. Burnstock G, Kennedy C. Is there a basis for distinguishing two types of P2-purinoceptor? Gen Pharmacol 1985, 16:433-440.
86. Brake AJ, Wagenbach MJ, Julius D. New structural motif for ligand-gated ion channels defined by an ionotropic ATP receptor. Nature 1994, 371:519-523.
87. Lustig KD, Shiau AK, Brake AJ, Julius D. Expression cloning of an ATP receptor from mouse neuroblastoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993, 90:5113-5117.
88. Valera S, Hussy N, Evans RJ, Adami N, North RA, Surprenant A, Buell G. A new class of ligand-gated ion channel defined by P2x receptor for extracellular ATP. Nature 1994, 371:516-519.
89. Webb TE, Simon J, Krishek BJ, Bateson AN, Smart TG, King BF, Burnstock G, Barnard EA. Cloning and functional expression of a brain G-protein-coupled ATP receptor. FEBS Lett 1993, 324:219-225.
90. Ralevic V, Burnstock G. Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev 1998, 50:413-492.
91. Burnstock G. Purine and pyrimidine receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007, 64:1471-1483.
92. 3 receptors form stable trimers: a novel structural motif of ligand-gated ion channels. Embo J 1998, 17:3016-3028.
93. Burnstock G, Verkhratsky A. Evolutionary origins of the purinergic signalling system. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009, 195:415-447.
94. Agboh KC, Webb TE, Evans RJ, Ennion SJ. Functional characterization of a P2X receptor from Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:41650-41657.
95. Fountain SJ, Parkinson K, Young MT, Cao L, Thompson CR, North RA. An intracellular P2X receptor required for osmoregulation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 2007, 448:200-203.
96. Demidchik V, Nichols C, Oliynyk M, Dark A, Glover BJ, Davies JM. Is ATP a signaling agent in plants? Plant Physiol 2003, 133:456-461.
97. Jeter CR, Roux SJ. Plant responses to extracellular nucleotides: Cellular processes and biological effects. Purinergic Signal 2006, 2:443-449.
98. Kim SY, Sivaguru M, Stacey G. Extracellular ATP in plants. Visualization, localization, and analysis of physiological significance in growth and signaling. Plant Physiol 2006, 142:984-992.
99. Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling: pathophysiological roles. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998, 78:113-145.
100. Burnstock G, Verkhratsky A. Long term (trophic) purinergic signalling: purinoceptors control cell proliferation, differentiation and death. Cell Death & Dis 2010, 1:e9.
101. Burnstock G. Purinergic signaling and vascular cell proliferation and death. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002, 22:364-373.
102. Burnstock G. Dual control of vascular tone and remodelling by ATP released from nerves and endothelial cells. Pharmacol Rep 2008, 60:12-20.
103. Bodin P, Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling: ATP release. Neurochem Res 2001, 26:959-969.
104. Zimmermann H. Ectonucleotidases in the nervous system. Novartis Found Symp 2006, 276:113-128; discussion 128-130, 233-117, 275-181.
105. Verkhratsky A, Krishtal OA, Burnstock G. Purinoceptors on neuroglia. Mol Neurobiol 2009, 39:190-208.
106. Burnstock G. Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2006, 58:58-86.
107. Bogdanov YD, Dale L, King BF, Whittock N, Burnstock G. Early expression of a novel nucleotide receptor in the neural plate of Xenopus embryos. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:12583-12590.
108. Ryten M, Hoebertz A, Burnstock G. Sequential expression of three receptor subtypes for extracellular ATP in developing rat skeletal muscle. Dev Dyn 2001, 221:331-341.
109. Cheung KK, Chan WY, Burnstock G. Expression of P2X purinoceptors during rat brain development and their inhibitory role on motor axon outgrowth in neural tube explant cultures. Neuroscience 2005, 133:937-945.
110. Tew EMM, Anderson PN, Burnstock G. Implantation of the myenteric plexus into the corpus striatum of adult rats: survival of the neurones and glia and interactions with host brain. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1992, 4:311-321.
111. Hopker VH, Saffrey MJ, Burnstock G. Neurite outgrowth of striatal neurons in vitro: involvement of purines in the growth-promoting effect of myenteric plexus explants. Int J Dev Neurosci 1996, 14:439-451.
112. Grimm I, Messemer N, Stanke M, Gachet C, Zimmermann H. Coordinate pathways for nucleotide and EGF signaling in cultured adult neural progenitor cells. J Cell Sci 2009, 122:2524-2533.
113. Burnstock G, Cocks T, Kasakov L, Wong HK. Direct evidence for ATP release from non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic ("purinergic") nerves in the guinea-pig taenia coli and bladder. Eur J Pharmacol 1978, 49:145-149.
114. Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling in lower urinary tract. In: Abbracchio MP, Williams M, eds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Volume 151/I Purinergic and Pyrimidinergic Signalling I - Molecular, Nervous and Urinogenitary System Function. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2001, 423-515.
115. Vidal M, Hicks PE, Langer SZ. Differential effects of alpha-beta-methylene ATP on responses to nerve stimulation in SHR and WKY tail arteries. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1986, 332:384-390.
116. Boeynaems JM, Communi D, Gonzalez NS, Robaye B. Overview of the P2 receptors. Semin Thromb Hemost 2005, 31:139-149.
117. Yerxa BR. Therapeutic use of nucleotides in respiratory and ophthalmic diseases. Drug Dev Res 2001, 52:196-201.
118. Shabbir M, Burnstock G. Purinergic receptor-mediated effects of adenosine 5′-triphosphate in urological malignant diseases. Int J Urol 2009, 16:143-150.
119. White N, Burnstock G. P2 receptors and cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006, 27:211-217.
120. Bradbury EJ, Burnstock G, McMahon SB. The expression of P2X3 purinoreceptors in sensory neurons: effects of axotomy and glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Mol Cell Neurosci 1998, 12:256-268.
121. Chen CC, Akopian AN, Sivilotti L, Colquhoun D, Burnstock G, Wood JN. A P2X purinoceptor expressed by a subset of sensory neurons. Nature 1995, 377:428-431.
122. Burnstock G. A unifying purinergic hypothesis for the initiation of pain. Lancet 1996, 347:1604-1605.
123. Burnstock G. Release of vasoactive substances from endothelial cells by shear stress and purinergic mechanosensory transduction. J Anat 1999, 194(Pt 3):335-342.
124. Burnstock G. Purinergic mechanosensory transduction and visceral pain. Mol Pain 2009, 5:69.
125. Vlaskovska M, Kasakov L, Rong W, Bodin P, Bardini M, Cockayne DA, Ford AP, Burnstock G. P2X3 knock-out mice reveal a major sensory role for urothelially released ATP. J Neurosci 2001, 21:5670-5677.
126. Rong W, Burnstock G. Activation of ureter nociceptors by exogenous and endogenous ATP in guinea pig. Neuropharmacology 2004, 47:1093-1101.
127. Wynn G, Burnstock G. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate and its relationship with other mediators that activate pelvic nerve afferent neurons in the rat colorectum. Purinergic Signal 2006, 2:517-526.
128. Cockayne DA, Hamilton SG, Zhu QM, Dunn PM, Zhong Y, Novakovic S, Malmberg AB, Cain G, Berson A, Kassotakis L, et al. Urinary bladder hyporeflexia and reduced pain-related behaviour in P2X3-deficient mice. Nature 2000, 407:1011-1015.
129. Inoue K. P2 receptors and chronic pain. Purinergic Signal 2007, 3:135-144.
130. Burnstock G. Purinergic receptors and pain. Curr Pharm Des 2009, 15:1717-1735.
131. Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling and disorders of the central nervous system. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008, 7:575-590.
132. Burnstock G, Fredholm BB, North RA, Verkhratsky A. The birth and postnatal development of purinergic signalling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010, 199:93-147.