메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2012, Pages

Scientific Opinion on Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food: Brominated Phenols and their Derivatives
[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

Brominated phenols; food; human exposure; occurrence; pentabromophenol; risk assessment; toxicity; tribromophenol

Indexed keywords


EID: 84874243193     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2634     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 33749058132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical Characterization of Brominated Flame Retardants and Identification of Structurally Representative Compounds
    • Andersson PL, Öberg K, Örn U, 2006. Chemical Characterization of Brominated Flame Retardants and Identification of Structurally Representative Compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25, 1275–1282.
    • (2006) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.25 , pp. 1275-1282
    • Andersson, P.L.1    Öberg, K.2    Örn, U.3
  • 2
    • 33749058132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical charaterization of brominated flame retardants and identification of structurally representative compounds
    • Andresson PL, Öberg K and Örn U, 2009. Chemical charaterization of brominated flame retardants and identification of structurally representative compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25, 1275–1282.
    • (2009) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.25 , pp. 1275-1282
    • Andresson, P.L.1    Öberg, K.2    Örn, U.3
  • 4
    • 84987277205 scopus 로고
    • Bromophenol distribution in salmon and selected seafoods of fresh water and saltwater origin
    • Boyle JL, Lindsay RC and Stuiber DA, 1992. Bromophenol distribution in salmon and selected seafoods of fresh water and saltwater origin. Journal of Food Science, 57, 918–922.
    • (1992) Journal of Food Science , vol.57 , pp. 918-922
    • Boyle, J.L.1    Lindsay, R.C.2    Stuiber, D.A.3
  • 5
    • 27944498671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition and Induction of Aromatase (CYP19) Activity by Brominated Flame Retardants in H295R Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells
    • Cantón RF, Sanderson JT, Letcher RJ, Bergman Å and van den Berg M, 2005. Inhibition and Induction of Aromatase (CYP19) Activity by Brominated Flame Retardants in H295R Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells. Toxicological Sciences, 88, 447–455.
    • (2005) Toxicological Sciences , vol.88 , pp. 447-455
    • Cantón, R.F.1    Sanderson, J.T.2    Letcher, R.J.3    Bergman, Å.4    van den Berg, M.5
  • 6
    • 0037462056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations of bromophenols in brown algae (Padina arborescens, Sargassum siliquastrum, and Lobophora variegata) collected in Hong Kong
    • Chung HY, Ma WCJ, Ang PO Jr, Kim J-S and Chen F, 2003a. Seasonal variations of bromophenols in brown algae (Padina arborescens, Sargassum siliquastrum, and Lobophora variegata) collected in Hong Kong. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 2619–2624.
    • (2003) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , vol.51 , pp. 2619-2624
    • Chung, H.Y.1    Ma, W.C.J.2    Ang, P.O.3    Kim, J.-S.4    Chen, F.5
  • 9
    • 85078391897 scopus 로고
    • Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Corporation, (86–910000333S; NTIS/OTS 0530105; submitted to US EPA by Dow Chemical Corporation in December 1990). As cited in WHO
    • DCC (Dow Chemical Coorporation), 1946. Results of range finding toxicological tests on 2,4-dibromophenol with cover letter and attachments. Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Corporation (Report No. EPA/OTS 86–910000333S; NTIS/OTS 0530105; submitted to US EPA by Dow Chemical Corporation in December 1990). As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1946) Results of range finding toxicological tests on 2,4-dibromophenol with cover letter and attachments , Issue.2005
  • 10
    • 85078367908 scopus 로고
    • Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Corporation, (86–910000334S; NTIS/OTS 0530106; submitted to US EPA by Dow Chemical Corporation in December 1990). As cited in WHO
    • DCC (Dow Chemical Coorporation), 1958. Results of range finding toxicological tests on 2,4-dibromophenol with cover letter and attachments. Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Corporation (Report No. EPA/OTS 86–910000334S; NTIS/OTS 0530106; submitted to US EPA by Dow Chemical Corporation in December 1990). As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1958) Results of range finding toxicological tests on 2,4-dibromophenol with cover letter and attachments , Issue.2005
  • 12
    • 67649980742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of Plasma Concentrations of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Brominated Organic Compounds in Nunavik Inuit Adults (Canada)
    • Dallaire R, Ayotte P, Pereg D, Déry S, Dumas P, Langlois E and Dewailly E, 2009. Determinants of Plasma Concentrations of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Brominated Organic Compounds in Nunavik Inuit Adults (Canada). Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 5130–5136.
    • (2009) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.43 , pp. 5130-5136
    • Dallaire, R.1    Ayotte, P.2    Pereg, D.3    Déry, S.4    Dumas, P.5    Langlois, E.6    Dewailly, E.7
  • 13
    • 0033214499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of Tetrabromobisphenol-S-bis-(2,3-Dibromopropyl Ether) as flame retardant in polypropylene
    • Dettmer FT, Wichmann H, de Boer J and Bahadir M, 1999. Isolation and identification of Tetrabromobisphenol-S-bis-(2,3-Dibromopropyl Ether) as flame retardant in polypropylene. Chemosphere, 39, 1523–1532.
    • (1999) Chemosphere , vol.39 , pp. 1523-1532
    • Dettmer, F.T.1    Wichmann, H.2    de Boer, J.3    Bahadir, M.4
  • 14
    • 85078373564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished study of Dead Sea Bromine Group/Bromine Compounds Ltd [cited in IUCLID, 2003]. As cited in WHO
    • DSBG/BCL (Dead Sea Bromine Group/Bromine Compounds Ltd.), 1996. Reverse mutation assay “Ames test” using Salmonella typhimurium. Unpublished study of Dead Sea Bromine Group/Bromine Compounds Ltd [cited in IUCLID, 2003]. As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1996) Reverse mutation assay “Ames test” using Salmonella typhimurium , Issue.2005
  • 15
    • 85078395794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished study of Dead Sea Bromine Group/Bromine Compounds Ltd [cited in IUCLID, 2003]. As cited in WHO
    • DSBG/BCL (Dead Sea Bromine Group/Bromine Compounds Ltd.), 2002. Micronucleus test in bone marrow cells of the mouse with tribromophenol. Unpublished study of Dead Sea Bromine Group/Bromine Compounds Ltd [cited in IUCLID, 2003]. As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (2002) Micronucleus test in bone marrow cells of the mouse with tribromophenol , Issue.2005
  • 16
    • 85078382185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECHA (European Chemicals Agency), 2012. Available at: apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS-9c79e4eb-ef99-6519-e044-00144f67d249/AGGR-69451e98-d48c-4a1a-84f4-94ee329f3519_DISS-9c79e4eb-ef99-6519-e044-00144f67d249.html#section_1.1
    • (2012)
  • 17
    • 44749086017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2007. Opinion of the Scientific Committee related to uncertainties in dietary exposure assessment
    • EFSA (European Food Satefy Authority), 2007. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2007. Opinion of the Scientific Committee related to uncertainties in dietary exposure assessment. The EFSA Journal, 438, 1–54.
    • (2007) The EFSA Journal , vol.438 , pp. 1-54
  • 18
    • 85077752327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database in Exposure Assessment
    • 2011;,) 2097
    • EFSA (European Food Satefy Authority), 2011. Use of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database in Exposure Assessment. EFSA Journal 2011; 9 (3): 2097, 34 pp.
    • (2011) EFSA Journal , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 34
  • 19
    • 84858621579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal activities of new brominated flame retardants
    • Ezechiá&scar; M, Svobodová K and Cajthaml T, 2012. Hormonal activities of new brominated flame retardants. Chemosphere, 87, 820–824.
    • (2012) Chemosphere , vol.87 , pp. 820-824
    • Ezechiá, M.1    Svobodová, K.2    Cajthaml, T.3
  • 20
    • 0034836612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychaete Indicator Species as a Source of Natural Halogenated Organic Compounds in Marine Sediments
    • Fielman KT, Woodin SA and Lincoln DE, 2001. Polychaete Indicator Species as a Source of Natural Halogenated Organic Compounds in Marine Sediments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 738–747.
    • (2001) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.20 , pp. 738-747
    • Fielman, K.T.1    Woodin, S.A.2    Lincoln, D.E.3
  • 21
    • 0033984408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated anisoles and cresols in re alga
    • Flodin C and Whitfield FB, 2000. Brominated anisoles and cresols in re alga. Phytochemistry, 53, 77–80.
    • (2000) Phytochemistry , vol.53 , pp. 77-80
    • Flodin, C.1    Whitfield, F.B.2
  • 22
    • 85078387234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shizuoka, Japan Ministry of Health & Welfare, Biosafety Research Centre (Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals 7. Available from, (in Japanese). As cited in WHO
    • Fujishima A and Fujiwara M, 1999. Single dose oral toxicity test of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in rats. Shizuoka, Japan Ministry of Health & Welfare, Biosafety Research Centre (Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals No. 7. Available from wwwdb.mhlw.go.jp/ginc/dbfile1/paper/paper118-79-6a.html (in Japanese). As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1999) Single dose oral toxicity test of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in rats , Issue.2005
    • Fujishima, A.1    Fujiwara, M.2
  • 23
    • 53649099362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved Approach for Analyzing Bromophenols in Seafood Using Stable Isotope Dilution Analysis in Combination with SPME
    • Fuller SC, Frank DC, Fitzhenry MJ, Smyth HE and Poole SE, 2008. Improved Approach for Analyzing Bromophenols in Seafood Using Stable Isotope Dilution Analysis in Combination with SPME. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 8248–8254.
    • (2008) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , vol.56 , pp. 8248-8254
    • Fuller, S.C.1    Frank, D.C.2    Fitzhenry, M.J.3    Smyth, H.E.4    Poole, S.E.5
  • 24
    • 62749129844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends and spatial distribution of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the eggs of colonial populations of Great Lakes herring gulls
    • Gauthier LT, Potter D, Hebert CE and Letcher R, 2009. Temporal trends and spatial distribution of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the eggs of colonial populations of Great Lakes herring gulls. Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 312–317.
    • (2009) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.43 , pp. 312-317
    • Gauthier, L.T.1    Potter, D.2    Hebert, C.E.3    Letcher, R.4
  • 26
    • 0003649533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring organohalogen compounds: a comprehensive update
    • Springer Verlag
    • Gribble GW, 2010. Naturally occurring organohalogen compounds: a comprehensive update. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 91. Springer Verlag. ISSN: 0071-7886.
    • (2010) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 91
    • Gribble, G.W.1
  • 28
    • 78449310714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 2,4,6-tribromophenol affects reproduction
    • Haldén AN, Nyholm JR, Andersson PL, Holbech H and Norrgren L, 2010. Oral exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 2,4,6-tribromophenol affects reproduction. Aquatic Toxicology, 100, 30–37.
    • (2010) Aquatic Toxicology , vol.100 , pp. 30-37
    • Haldén, A.N.1    Nyholm, J.R.2    Andersson, P.L.3    Holbech, H.4    Norrgren, L.5
  • 30
    • 33748570197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marine secondary metabolites 2,4-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol differentially modulate voltage dependent ion currents in neuroendocrine (PC12) cells
    • Hassenklöver T and Bickmeyer U, 2006. The marine secondary metabolites 2,4-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol differentially modulate voltage dependent ion currents in neuroendocrine (PC12) cells. Aquatic Toxicology, 79, 384–390.
    • (2006) Aquatic Toxicology , vol.79 , pp. 384-390
    • Hassenklöver, T.1    Bickmeyer, U.2
  • 32
    • 85078388628 scopus 로고
    • National Academies of Sciences Nutrition During Lactation National Academy Press, Washington, D.C
    • IOM (Insitute of Medicine), 1991. Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences Nutrition During Lactation National Academy Press. Washington, D.C.
    • (1991) Institute of Medicine of the U.S
  • 33
    • 85078388455 scopus 로고
    • Mattawan, MI, International Research Development Corporation, (86–900000307; NTIS/OTS 0523299; submitted to US EPA with test data and cover letter by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited in WHO
    • 50 study in albino rats. Mattawan, MI, International Research Development Corporation (Report No. EPA/OTS 86–900000307; NTIS/OTS 0523299; submitted to US EPA with test data and cover letter by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1974) 50 study in albino rats , Issue.2005
  • 34
    • 85078368007 scopus 로고
    • Mattawan, MI, International Research Development Corporation, (86–900000316; NTIS/OTS 0523308; submitted to US EPA with test data and cover letter by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited in WHO
    • IRDC (International Research Development Corporation), 1978. Pilot teratology study in rats. Mattawan, MI, International Research Development Corporation (Report No. EPA/OTS 86–900000316; NTIS/OTS 0523308; submitted to US EPA with test data and cover letter by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1978) Pilot teratology study in rats , Issue.2005
  • 36
    • 0031723575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measured consumption of commercial infant food products in German infants: results from the DONALD study. Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometrical Longitudinally Designed
    • Kersting M, Alexy U, Sichert-Hellert W, Manz F and Schoch G, 1998. Measured consumption of commercial infant food products in German infants: results from the DONALD study. Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometrical Longitudinally Designed. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 27, 547–552.
    • (1998) Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , vol.27 , pp. 547-552
    • Kersting, M.1    Alexy, U.2    Sichert-Hellert, W.3    Manz, F.4    Schoch, G.5
  • 38
    • 85078386821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1070/2010. New brominated flame retardants in Arctic biota. TA 2630/2010,, Available from
    • Klif (Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agengy), 2010. Rapportnr. 1070/2010. New brominated flame retardants in Arctic biota. TA 2630/2010, 32 pp. Available from www.klif.no/publikasjoner/2630/ta2630.pdf
    • (2010) Rapportnr , pp. 32
  • 39
    • 78449263218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-sensitivity method for determination of tetrabromobisphenol-s and tetrabromobisphenol-a derivative flame retardants in Great Lakes herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Letcher RJ and Chu S, 2010. High-sensitivity method for determination of tetrabromobisphenol-s and tetrabromobisphenol-a derivative flame retardants in Great Lakes herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 8615–8621.
    • (2010) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.44 , pp. 8615-8621
    • Letcher, R.J.1    Chu, S.2
  • 40
    • 85078384194 scopus 로고
    • Kensington, MD, Litton Bionetics Inc., (86–900000317; NTIS/OTS 0523309; submitted to US EPA with test data and cover letter by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited by WHO
    • Litton Bioetics, 1978. Mutagenicity evaluation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol lot #3287 in the Ames Salmonella/microsome plate test (final). Kensington, MD, Litton Bionetics Inc. (Report No. EPA/OTS 86–900000317; NTIS/OTS 0523309; submitted to US EPA with test data and cover letter by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited by WHO (2005).
    • (1978) Mutagenicity evaluation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol lot #3287 in the Ames Salmonella/microsome plate test (final) , Issue.2005
  • 42
    • 0031898574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental neurotoxicity of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in Wistar rats
    • Lyubimov AV, Babin VV and Kartashov AI, 1998. Developmental neurotoxicity of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology, 19, 303–312.
    • (1998) Neurotoxicology , vol.19 , pp. 303-312
    • Lyubimov, A.V.1    Babin, V.V.2    Kartashov, A.I.3
  • 43
    • 0041742518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of tribromophenol and pentachlorophenol and its metabolite pentachloroanisole in Asparagus officinalis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry
    • Mardones C, Palma J, Sepulveda C, Berg A and von Baer D, 2003. Determination of tribromophenol and pentachlorophenol and its metabolite pentachloroanisole in Asparagus officinalis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science, 26, 923–926.
    • (2003) Journal of Separation Science , vol.26 , pp. 923-926
    • Mardones, C.1    Palma, J.2    Sepulveda, C.3    Berg, A.4    von Baer, D.5
  • 45
    • 0000156942 scopus 로고
    • Processability characteristics of polyethylene modified with 3-(tetrabromopentadecyl)-2, 4,6-tribromophenol as a flame-retardant additive
    • Menon ARR, Pillai CKS, Sudha JD, Prasad VS and Brahmakumar M, 1995. Processability characteristics of polyethylene modified with 3-(tetrabromopentadecyl)-2, 4,6-tribromophenol as a flame-retardant additive. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 34, 429–438.
    • (1995) Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering , vol.34 , pp. 429-438
    • Menon, A.R.R.1    Pillai, C.K.S.2    Sudha, J.D.3    Prasad, V.S.4    Brahmakumar, M.5
  • 48
    • 0030042197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas Chromatography - Mass spectrometric analysis of four polluted river waters for phenolic and organic compounds
    • Nomani AA, Ajmal M and Ahmad S, 1996. Gas Chromatography - Mass spectrometric analysis of four polluted river waters for phenolic and organic compounds. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 40, 1–9.
    • (1996) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.40 , pp. 1-9
    • Nomani, A.A.1    Ajmal, M.2    Ahmad, S.3
  • 50
    • 85078374992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,4,6-Tribromophenol CAS N&° : 118-79-6
    • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), 2005. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol CAS N&°: 118-79-6. Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 17 (Arona, Italy, 11–14 November 2003).
    • (2005) Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIAM , vol.17 , Issue.Arona, Italy, 11–14 November 2003
  • 51
    • 28744441719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of PBDEs, TBBPA, TBPs, PCDDs/DFs, PXDDs/DFs AND PBDDs/DFs in human milk of nursing women and dairy milk products in Japan
    • Ohta S, Okumura T, Nishimura H, Nakao T, Shimizu Y, Ochiai F, Aozasa O and Miyata H, 2004. Levels of PBDEs, TBBPA, TBPs, PCDDs/DFs, PXDDs/DFs AND PBDDs/DFs in human milk of nursing women and dairy milk products in Japan. Organohalogen Compounds, 66, 2857–2862.
    • (2004) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.66 , pp. 2857-2862
    • Ohta, S.1    Okumura, T.2    Nishimura, H.3    Nakao, T.4    Shimizu, Y.5    Ochiai, F.6    Aozasa, O.7    Miyata, H.8
  • 52
    • 0037165509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated phenols: characterization of estrogen-like activity in the human breast cancer cell-line MCF-7
    • Olsen CM, Meussen-Elholm ETM, Holme JA and Hogslo JK, 2002. Brominated phenols: characterization of estrogen-like activity in the human breast cancer cell-line MCF-7. Toxicology Letters, 129, 55–63.
    • (2002) Toxicology Letters , vol.129 , pp. 55-63
    • Olsen, C.M.1    Meussen-Elholm, E.T.M.2    Holme, J.A.3    Hogslo, J.K.4
  • 53
    • 0023607980 scopus 로고
    • Brominated aromatics from combustion
    • Öberg T, Warman K and Bergström J, 1987. Brominated aromatics from combustion. Chemosphere, 16, 2451–2465.
    • (1987) Chemosphere , vol.16 , pp. 2451-2465
    • Öberg, T.1    Warman, K.2    Bergström, J.3
  • 56
    • 60749103207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxylated Metabolites of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Blood Samples from the United States
    • Qiu X, Bigsby RM and Hites RA, 2009. Hydroxylated Metabolites of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Blood Samples from the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements, 117, 93–98.
    • (2009) Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements , vol.117 , pp. 93-98
    • Qiu, X.1    Bigsby, R.M.2    Hites, R.A.3
  • 59
    • 71949107315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatography coupled to electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry with nitrogen as the reagent gas – an alternative method for the determination of polybrominated compounds
    • Rosenfelder N and Vetter W, 2009. Gas chromatography coupled to electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry with nitrogen as the reagent gas – an alternative method for the determination of polybrominated compounds. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 23, 3807–3812.
    • (2009) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.23 , pp. 3807-3812
    • Rosenfelder, N.1    Vetter, W.2
  • 60
    • 33846596727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor organophosphate and polybrominated flame retardants in Tokyo
    • Saito I, Onuki A and Seto H, 2007. Indoor organophosphate and polybrominated flame retardants in Tokyo. Indoor Air, 17, 28–36.
    • (2007) Indoor Air , vol.17 , pp. 28-36
    • Saito, I.1    Onuki, A.2    Seto, H.3
  • 62
    • 85078367601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kanagawa Ministry of Health & Welfare, Hatano Research Institute (Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals 7; Available from, (in Japanese). As cited in WHO
    • Sasaki K, Kusakabe H, Takahashi T and Hashimoto K, 1999. In vitro chromosomal aberration test of 2,4,6-tribromophenol on cultured Chinese hamster cells. Kanagawa Ministry of Health & Welfare, Hatano Research Institute (Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals No. 7; Available from wwwdb.mhlw.go.jp/ginc/dbfile1/paper/paper118-79-6f.html (in Japanese). As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1999) In vitro chromosomal aberration test of 2,4,6-tribromophenol on cultured Chinese hamster cells , Issue.2005
    • Sasaki, K.1    Kusakabe, H.2    Takahashi, T.3    Hashimoto, K.4
  • 63
    • 0041690409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of lipophilic organic pollutants in sewer systems by sewer slime analysis
    • As cited by von der Recke and Vetter
    • Sauer J, Antusch E and Ripp C, 1997. Monitoring of lipophilic organic pollutants in sewer systems by sewer slime analysis. VomWasser, 88, 49–69. As cited by von der Recke and Vetter (2007).
    • (1997) VomWasser , vol.88 , Issue.2007 , pp. 49-69
    • Sauer, J.1    Antusch, E.2    Ripp, C.3
  • 66
    • 85078395425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kanagawa, Japan Ministry of Health & Welfare, Hatano Research Institute (Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals 7. Available from, (in Japanese). As cited in WHO
    • Shibuya T, Hara T and Kawakami K, 1999. Reverse mutation test of 2,4,6-tribromophenol on bacteria. Kanagawa, Japan Ministry of Health & Welfare, Hatano Research Institute (Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals No. 7. Available from wwwdb.mhlw.go.jp/ginc/dbfile1/paper/paper118-79-6e.html (in Japanese). As cited in WHO (2005).
    • (1999) Reverse mutation test of 2,4,6-tribromophenol on bacteria , Issue.2005
    • Shibuya, T.1    Hara, T.2    Kawakami, K.3
  • 67
    • 70349226674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and formation of chlorophenols and phenolic BFRs in marine and river environment
    • Sim W-J, Lee S-H, Lee I-S, Choi S-D and Oh J-E, 2009. Distribution and formation of chlorophenols and phenolic BFRs in marine and river environment. Chemosphere, 77, 552–558.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.77 , pp. 552-558
    • Sim, W.-J.1    Lee, S.-H.2    Lee, I.-S.3    Choi, S.-D.4    Oh, J.-E.5
  • 68
    • 0642306151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated flame retardants and phenolic endocrine disrupters in Finnish human adipose tissue
    • Smeds A and Saukko P, 2003. Brominated flame retardants and phenolic endocrine disrupters in Finnish human adipose tissue. Chemosphere, 53, 1123–1130.
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.53 , pp. 1123-1130
    • Smeds, A.1    Saukko, P.2
  • 71
    • 84875808426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health hazards and environmental impacts. Report 6417
    • Swedish EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2011. Recycling and disposal of electronic waste. Health hazards and environmental impacts. Report 6417. ISBN 978-91-620-6417-4, ISSN 0282-7298.
    • (2011) Recycling and disposal of electronic waste
  • 72
    • 0018862842 scopus 로고
    • The production of bromophenols resulting from the chlorination of waters containing bromide ion and phenol
    • Sweetman JA and Simmons MS, 1980. The production of bromophenols resulting from the chlorination of waters containing bromide ion and phenol. Water Reserarch, 14, 287–290.
    • (1980) Water Reserarch , vol.14 , pp. 287-290
    • Sweetman, J.A.1    Simmons, M.S.2
  • 75
    • 0022569954 scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated dibenzodioxins and –furans from the pyrolysis of some flame retardants
    • Thoma H, Rist S, Hauschlulz G and Hutzinger O, 1986. Polybrominated dibenzodioxins and –furans from the pyrolysis of some flame retardants. Chemosphere, 15, 649–652.
    • (1986) Chemosphere , vol.15 , pp. 649-652
    • Thoma, H.1    Rist, S.2    Hauschlulz, G.3    Hutzinger, O.4
  • 76
    • 0024382211 scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis and GC/MS-analysis of brominated flame retardants in on-line operation
    • Thoma H and Hutzinger O, 1989. Pyrolysis and GC/MS-analysis of brominated flame retardants in on-line operation. Chemosphere, 18, 1047–1050.
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.18 , pp. 1047-1050
    • Thoma, H.1    Hutzinger, O.2
  • 77
    • 0035808620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of phenolic flame-retardants in human plasma using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-electron-capture mass spectrometry
    • Thomsen C, Janák K, Lundanes E and Becher G, 2001a. Determination of phenolic flame-retardants in human plasma using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-electron-capture mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 750, 1–11.
    • (2001) Journal of Chromatography B , vol.750 , pp. 1-11
    • Thomsen, C.1    Janák, K.2    Lundanes, E.3    Becher, G.4
  • 78
    • 0034884861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated flame retardants in plasma samples from three different occupation groups in Norway
    • Thomsen C, Lundanes E and Becher G, 2001b. Brominated flame retardants in plasma samples from three different occupation groups in Norway. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 3, 366–370.
    • (2001) Journal of Environmental Monitoring , vol.3 , pp. 366-370
    • Thomsen, C.1    Lundanes, E.2    Becher, G.3
  • 79
    • 0036226631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for determination of halogenated flame retardants in human milk using solid-phase extraction
    • Thomsen C, Leknes H, Lundanes E and Becher G, 2002a. A new method for determination of halogenated flame retardants in human milk using solid-phase extraction. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 26, 129–137.
    • (2002) Journal of Analytical Toxicology , vol.26 , pp. 129-137
    • Thomsen, C.1    Leknes, H.2    Lundanes, E.3    Becher, G.4
  • 80
    • 0036534013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated flame retardants in archived serum samples from Norway: a study on temporal trends and the role of age
    • Thomsen C, Lundanes E and Becher G, 2002b. Brominated flame retardants in archived serum samples from Norway: a study on temporal trends and the role of age. Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 1414–1418.
    • (2002) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.36 , pp. 1414-1418
    • Thomsen, C.1    Lundanes, E.2    Becher, G.3
  • 81
    • 85078380777 scopus 로고
    • Dioxin and furan contamination in the manufacture of halogenated organic chemicals
    • EPA/600/S2-86/101
    • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 1987. Dioxin and furan contamination in the manufacture of halogenated organic chemicals. Project Summary. EPA/600/S2-86/101.
    • (1987) Project Summary
  • 82
    • 85078367618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-confidential 2006 IUR Records by Chemical. Inventory Update Reporting (IUR), US Environmental Protection Agency, 2006. Available from, As cited by Covaci et al
    • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 2006. USEPA. Non-confidential 2006 IUR Records by Chemical. Inventory Update Reporting (IUR), US Environmental Protection Agency, 2006. Available from www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/index.html. As cited by Covaci et al. (2011).
    • (2006) USEPA , Issue.2011
  • 83
    • 85078366632 scopus 로고
    • Chicago, IL, Velsicol Chemical Corporation, (86–900000322; NTIS/OTS 0523314; submitted to US EPA by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited by WHO
    • VCC (Velsicol Chemical Coorporation), 1978. Pharmacokinetic study of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in rats. Chicago, IL, Velsicol Chemical Corporation (Report No. EPA/OTS 86–900000322; NTIS/OTS 0523314; submitted to US EPA by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, IN, March 1990). As cited by WHO (2005).
    • (1978) Pharmacokinetic study of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in rats , Issue.2005
  • 84
    • 68849109470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of halogenated natural products in passive samplers deployed along the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland/Australia
    • Vetter W, Haase-Aschoff P, Komarova T and Mueller JF, 2009. Determination of halogenated natural products in passive samplers deployed along the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland/Australia. Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 6131–6137.
    • (2009) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.43 , pp. 6131-6137
    • Vetter, W.1    Haase-Aschoff, P.2    Komarova, T.3    Mueller, J.F.4
  • 85
    • 71649107069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of the brominated flame retardant 2,3-dibromopropyl-2, 4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and enantiomer fractions in seal blubber
    • Vetter W, von der Recke R, Ostrowicz P and Roselfelder N, 2010. Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of the brominated flame retardant 2,3-dibromopropyl-2, 4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and enantiomer fractions in seal blubber. Chemosphere, 78, 134–138.
    • (2010) Chemosphere , vol.78 , pp. 134-138
    • Vetter, W.1    von der Recke, R.2    Ostrowicz, P.3    Roselfelder, N.4
  • 86
    • 33847643179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of 2,3-dibromopropyl-2, 4,6-tribromophenyl Ether (DPTE) and structurally related compounds evidenced in seal blubber and brain
    • von der Recke R and Vetter W, 2007. Synthesis and characterization of 2,3-dibromopropyl-2, 4,6-tribromophenyl Ether (DPTE) and structurally related compounds evidenced in seal blubber and brain. Environmental Science and Technology, 41, 1590–1595.
    • (2007) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.41 , pp. 1590-1595
    • von der Recke, R.1    Vetter, W.2
  • 95
    • 85078368839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Health Criteria 192. Flame Retardants A General Introduction. Geneva, Switzerland
    • WHO/IPCS (World Health Organization/International Programe on Chemical Safety), 1997. Environmental Health Criteria No. 192. Flame Retardants: A General Introduction. Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1997)
  • 96
    • 85078367073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Health Criteria 205. Polybrominated dibenzo-, p, -dioxins and dibenzofurans. Geneva, Switzerland
    • WHO/IPCS (World Health Organization/International Programe on Chemical Safety), 1998. Environmental Health Criteria No. 205. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1998)
  • 97
    • 77949422594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmonisation project document 6. 92 4 156376 5
    • WHO/IPCS (World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety), 2008. Uncertainty and data quality in exposure assessment. Harmonisation project document No. 6. ISBN 978 92 4 156376 5.
    • (2008) Uncertainty and data quality in exposure assessment
  • 98
    • 84990799195 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella mutagenicity tests: III. Results from the testing of 255 chemicals
    • As cited by WHO
    • Zeiger E, Anderson B, Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K and Speck W, 1987. Salmonella mutagenicity tests: III. Results from the testing of 255 chemicals. Environmental Mutagenesis, 9, 61–109. As cited by WHO (2005).
    • (1987) Environmental Mutagenesis , vol.9 , Issue.2005 , pp. 61-109
    • Zeiger, E.1    Anderson, B.2    Haworth, S.3    Lawlor, T.4    Mortelmans, K.5    Speck, W.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.