Self-initiated expatriation: Drivers, employment experience, and career outcomes

Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 122-142

  Doherty, Noeleen ^a   Dickmann, Michael ^a  

^a CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874178720     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203111505     Document Type: Chapter

References (60)

1. Arthur, M. B., Claman, P. H., & DeFillippi, R. J. (1995). Intelligent enterprise: Intelligent careers. Academy of Management Executive, 9(4), 7–20.
2. Bartlett, C. A., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Managing across borders: The transnational solution, 2nd ed. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
3. Begley, A., Collings, D. G., & Scullion, H. (2008). The cross-cultural adjustment experiences of self-initiated repatriates to the Republic of Ireland labour market. Employee Relations, 30(3), 264–282.
4. Bolino, M., & Feldman, D. (2000). The antecedents and consequences of underemployment among expatriates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 889–911.
5. Bonache, J., Brewster, C., & Suutari, V. (2007). Knowledge, international mobility and careers. International Studies of Management and Organization, 37(3), 5–21.
6. Bozionelos, N. (2009). Expatriation outside the boundaries of the multinational corporation: A study with expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. Human Resource Management, 48(1), 111–134.
7. Brewster, C., & Suutari, V. (2005). Global HRM: Aspects of a research agenda. Personnel Review, 34(1), 5–21.
8. Cappellen, T., & Janssens, M. (2005). Career paths of global managers: Towards future research. Journal of World Business, 40(4), 348–360.
9. Carr, S. C., Inkson, K., & Thorn, K. (2005). From global careers to talent flow: Reinterpreting “brain drain.” Journal of World Business, 40(4), 386–398.
10. Collings, D. G., Doherty, N., Luethy, M., & Osborn, D. (2011). Understanding and supporting the career implications of international assignments. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78(3), 361–371.
11. DeFillippi, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1994). The boundaryless career: A competencybased perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4), 307–324.
12. Dickmann, M., & Baruch, Y. (2011). Global careers. London: Routledge.
13. Dickmann, M., & Doherty, N. (2008). Exploring the career capital impact of international assignments within distinct organizational contexts. British Journal of Management, 19(2), 145–161.
14. Dickmann, M., & Doherty, N. (2010). Exploring organizational and individual career goals, interactions and outcomes of developmental international assignments. Thunderbird International Review, 52(4), 313–324.
15. Dickmann, M., Doherty, N., & Mills, T. (2005). Understanding mobility—Influence factors in the decision to accept international assignments. Report for PwC Geodesy. Cranfield: Cranfield University Press.
16. Dickmann, M., Doherty, N., Mills, T., & Brewster, C. (2008). Why do they go? Individual and corporate perspectives on the factors influencing the decision to accept and international assignment. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(4), 731–751.
17. Doherty, N. (2010, August). Self-initiated expatriates—Mavericks of the global milieu? Paper presented at the Academy of Management Symposium, Montreal, Canada.
18. Doherty, N., Brewster, C., Suutari, V., & Dickmann, M. (2008). Repatriation: The end or the middle? In M. Dickmann, C. Brewster and P. Sparrow (Eds.), International HRM Contemporary Issues in Europe (pp. 174–191). London: Routledge.
19. Doherty, N., & Dickmann, M. (2007). Managing the career wobble of repatriates. Developing HR Strategy, 15, 17–21.
20. Doherty, N., & Dickmann, M. (2009). Exposing the symbolic capital of international assignments. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(2), 301–320.
21. Doherty, N., & Dickmann, M. (forthcoming). Measuring the return on investment in international assignments: An action research approach. International Journal of Human Resource Management.
22. Doherty, N., Dickmann, M., & Mills, T. (2007). Are you a hero or a heroine: An exploration of the expatriation journey. Report for Expatica. Cranfield: Cranfield University Press.
23. Doherty, N., Dickmann, M., & Mills, T. (2008, July). Career activists or active careerists? Upsetting the status quo of expatriate career management. Paper presented at EGOS Colloquium, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
24. Doherty, N., Dickmann, M., & Mills, T. (2010). Mobility attitudes and behaviours among young Europeans. Career Development International, 15(4), 378–400.
25. Doherty, N., Dickmann, M., & Mills, T. (2011). Exploring the motives of company- backed and self-initiated expatriates. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(3), 595–611.
26. Evans, P., Pucik, V., & Björkman, I. (2011). The global challenge: International human resource management, 2nd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
27. Felker, J. A. (2011). Professional development through self-directed expatriation. International Journal of Training and Development, 15(1), 76–86.
28. Inkson, K., & Arthur, M. (2001). How to be a successful career capitalist. Organizational Dynamics, 30(1), 48–61.
29. Inkson, K., Arthur, M., Pringle, J., & Barry, S. (1997). Expatriate assignment versus overseas experience: Contrasting models of international human resource development. Journal of World Business, 32(4), 351–368.
30. Inkson, K., & Myers, B. A. (2003). “The big OE”: Self-directed travel and career development. Career Development International, 8(4), 170–181.
31. Inkson, K., & Richardson, J. (2010, August). Self-initiated expatriation and career development: Diversity across cultures and genders. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Symposium, Montreal, Canada.
32. Inkson, K., Thomas, D. C., & Barry, S. (1996). Overseas experience: Increasing individual and national competitiveness. University of Auckland Business Review, 1(1), 52–61.
33. Jokinen, T., Brewster, C., & Suutari, V. (2008). Career capital during international work experiences: Contrasting self-initiated expatriate experiences and assignees expatriation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(6), 979–998.
34. Khapova, S. N., Arthur, M. B., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2007). The subjective career in the knowledge economy. In H. Gunz and M. Peiperl (Eds.), Handbook of Career Studies (pp. 114–130). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
35. Krieger, W. D. (1995). Career activism: The role of individual activity in career management (personal control). Unpublished PhD dissertation, New York: New York University.
36. Kurata, Y. (1990). Human resource management of foreign staffemployees in Japanese companies. Hitosubashi Journal of Social Studies, 22, 27–36. Quoted in
37. V. Peltokropi and F. Froese (2009). Organizational expatriates and self-initiated expatriates: Who adjusts better to work and life in Japan? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(5), 1096–1112.
38. Lee, C. H. (2005). A study of underemployment among self-initiated expatriates. Journal of World Business, 40(2), 172–187.
39. Mayrhofer, W., Sparrow, P., & Zimmermann, A. (2008). Modern forms of international working. In M. Dickmann, C. Brewster and P. Sparrow (Eds.), International Human Resource Management—A European Perspective (pp. 219–239). London: Routledge.
40. McKenna, S., & Richardson, J. (2007). The increasing complexity of the internationally mobile professional: Issues for research and practice. Cross Cultural Management, 14(4), 307–320.
41. Min Toh, S., & Gunz, H. (2009, July). Career-damaging relationships in the workplace: How new immigrants cope with social undermining. Paper presented at the EGOS Colloquium, Barcelona, Spain.
42. Myers, B., & Pringle, J. K. (2005). Self-initiated foreign experience as accelerated development: Influences of gender. Journal of World Business, 40(4), 421–431.
43. Peltokorpi, V. (2008). Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates in Japan. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(9), 1588–1606.
44. Peltokorpi, V., & Froese, V. (2009). Organizational expatriates and self-initiated expatriates. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(5), 1096–1112.
45. Point, S. and Dickmann, M. (2012). Branding International Careers: An analysis of multinational corporations’ official wording. European Management Journal, 30(1): 18–31.
46. Richardson, J. (2006). Self-directed expatriation: Family matters. Personnel Review, 35(4), 469–486.
47. Richardson, J., & Mallon, M. (2005). Career interrupted? The case of the selfdirected expatriate. Journal of World Business, 40(4), 409–420.
48. Richardson, J., & McKenna, S. (2006). Exploring relationships with home and host countries. A study of self-directed expatriates. Cross cultural management, 13(1), 6–22.
49. Richardson, J., & Zikic, J. (2007). The darker side of an international career. Career Development International, 12(2), 164–186.
50. Selmer, J., & Lam, H. (2003). “Third-culture kids”: Future business expatriates? Personnel Review, 33(4), 430–445.
51. Suutari, V., & Brewster, C. (2000). Making their own way: International experience through self-initiated foreign assignments. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 417–436.
52. Suutari, V., & Brewster, C. (2001). Expatriate management practices and perceived relevance: Evidence from Finnish expatriates. Personnel Review, 30(5), 544–77.
53. Suutari, V., & Taka, M. (2004). Career anchors of managers with global careers. Journal of Management Development, 23(9), 833–847.
54. Tharenou, P. (2003). The initial development of receptivity to working abroad: Self-initiated international work opportunities in young graduate employees. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(4), 489–515.
55. Tharenou, P. (2008). Disruptive decisions to leave home: Gender and family differences in expatriation choices. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105(2), 183–200.
56. Tharenou, P. (2009). Self-initiated international careers: Gender differences and career outcomes. In S. G. Baugh and S. E. Sullivan (Eds.), Maintaining Focus, Eenergy, and Options over the Career (pp. 197–226). Charlotte: Information Age Publishing.
57. Tharenou, P. (2010). Women’s self-initiated expatriation as a career option and its ethical issues. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(1), 73–88.
58. Tharenou, P., & Caulfield, N. (2010). Will I stay or will I go? Explaining repatriation by self-initiated expatriates. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), 1009–1028.
59. Thorn, K. (2009). The relative importance of motives for international self-initiated mobility. Career Development International, 14(5), 441–464.
60. Vance, C. M. (2005). The personal quest for building global competence: A taxonomy of self-initiated career path strategies for gaining business experience abroad, Journal of World Business, 40(4), 374–385.