Role of leptin and central nervous system melanocortins in obesity hypertension

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 135-140

  Da Silva, Alexandre A ^a   Carmo, Jussara M Do ^a   Hall, John E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Appetite; leptin; MC4R; melanocortin system; visceral fat

Indexed keywords

LEPTIN; MELANOCORTIN; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR AGONIST;

ADIPOCYTE; ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY WEIGHT; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY TUBULE PRESSURE; NATRIURESIS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SODIUM RETENTION; SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION; WEIGHT GAIN;

ADIPOCYTES; ANIMALS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; LEPTIN; MELANOCORTINS; OBESITY; RECEPTOR, MELANOCORTIN, TYPE 4; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84873569914     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: 14736543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32835d0c05     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Yach D, Stuckler D, Brownell KD. Epidemiologic and economic consequences of the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Nat Med 2006; 12:62-66.
2. Department of Health and Human Services-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Obesity and overweight trends in the U.S., 2011. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/index.htm. [Accessed 19 October 2012].
3. Anderson SE, Whitaker RC. Prevalence of obesity among US preschool children in different racial and ethnic groups. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009; 163:344-348.
4. Wilson PWF, D'Agostino RB, Sullivan L, et al. Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk-the Framingham experience. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:1867-1872.
5. Hall JE, Crook ED, Jones DW, et al. Mechanisms of obesity-associated cardiovascular and renal disease. Am J Med Sci 2002; 324:127-137.
6. Davy KP, Hall JE. Obesity and hypertension: two epidemics or one? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286:R803-R813.
7. Hall JE. The kidney, hypertension, and obesity. Hypertension 2003; 41:625-633.
8. Stevens VJ, Obarzanek E, Cook NR, et al. Long-term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:1-11.
9. Guyton AC. The surprising kidney-fluid mechanism for pressure control: its infinite gain! Hypertension 1990; 16:425-430.
10. Davy KP, Orr JS. Sympathetic nervous system behavior in human obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 33:116-124.
11. Hall JE, da Silva AA, do Carmo JM, et al. Obesity-induced hypertension: role of sympathetic nervous system, leptin, and melanocortins. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17271-17276.
12. Armitage JA, Burke SL, Prior LJ, et al. Rapid onset of renal sympathetic nerve activation in rabbits fed a high-fat diet. Hypertension 2012; 60:163-171.
13. Wofford MR, Anderson DC, Brown CA, et al. Antihypertensive effect of alpha and beta adrenergic blockade in obese and lean hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14:694-698.
14. Straznicky NE, Eikelis N, Lambert EA, et al. Mediators of sympathetic activation in metabolic syndrome obesity. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 10:440-447.
15. Da Silva AA, do Carmo J, Dubinion J, et al. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in obesity-related hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2009; 11:206-211.
16. Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte D Jr, et al. Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature 2000; 404:661-671.
17. Farooqi S, O'Rahilly S. Genetics of obesity in humans. Endocr Rev 2006; 27:710-718.
18. Ozata M, Ozdemir IC, Licinio J. Human leptin deficiency caused by a missense mutation: multiple endocrine defects, decreased sympathetic tone, and immune system dysfunction indicate new targets for leptin action, greater central than peripheral resistance to the effects of leptin, and spontaneous correction of leptin-mediated defects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 10:3686-3695.
19. Kalil GZ, Haynes WG. Sympathetic nervous system in obesity-related hypertension: mechanisms and clinical implications. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:4-16.
20. Carlyle M, Jones OB, Kuo JJ, et al. Chronic cardiovascular and renal actions of leptin-role of adrenergic activity. Hypertension 2002; 39:496-501.
21. Prior LJ, Eikelis N, Armitage JA, et al. Exposure to a high-fat diet alters leptin sensitivity and elevates renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure in rabbits. Hypertension 2010; 55:862-868.
22. Vong L, Ye C, Yang Z, et al. Leptin action on GABAergic neurons prevents obesity and reduces inhibitory tone to POMC neurons. Neuron 2011; 71:142-154.
23. Harlan SM,Morgan DA, Agassandian K, et al. Ablation of the leptin receptor in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus abrogates leptin-induced sympathetic activation. Circ Res 2011; 108:808-812.
24. Gao Q, Wolfgang MJ, Neschen S. Disruption of neural signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 causes obesity, diabetes, infertility, and thermal dysregulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101:4661-4666.
25. Tallam LS, Stec DE, Willis MA, et al. Melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice are not hypertensive or salt-sensitive despite obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia. Hypertension 2005; 46:326-332.
26. Do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Cai Z, et al. Control of blood pressure, appetite, and glucose by leptin in mice lacking leptin receptors in proopiomelanocortin neurons. Hypertension 2011; 57:918-926.
27. Martinelli CE, Keogh JM, Greenfield JR, et al. Obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency is associated with increased linear growth and final height, fasting hyperinsulinemia, and incompletely suppressed growth hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E181-E188.
28. Tallam LS, da Silva AA, Hall JE. Melanocortin-4 receptor mediates chronic cardiovascular and metabolic actions of leptin. Hypertension 2006; 48:58-64.
29. Greenfield JR. Melanocortin signaling and the regulation of blood pressure in human obesity. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:186-193.
30. Da Silva AA, do Carmo JM, Kanyicska B, et al. Endogenous melanocortin system activity contributes to the elevated arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2008; 51:884-890.
31. Yosten GL, Samson WK. Nesfatin-1 exerts cardiovascular actions in brain: possible interaction with the central melanocortin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R330-R336.
32. Yosten GL, Pate AT, Samson WK. Neuronostatin acts in brain to biphasically increase mean arterial pressure through sympatho-activation followed by vasopressin secretion: the role of melanocortin receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R1194-R1199.
33. Do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Rushing JS, Hall JE. Activation of the central melanocortin system contributes to the increased arterial pressure in obese Zucker rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R561-R567.
34. Kuo JJ, Jones OB, Hall JE. Inhibition of NO synthesis enhances chronic cardiovascular and renal actions of leptin. Hypertension 2001; 37:670-676.
35. Do Carmo JM, Bassi M, da Silva AA, Hall JE. Systemic but not central nervous system nitric oxide synthase inhibition exacerbates the hypertensive effects of chronic melanocortin-3/4 receptor activation. Hypertension 2011; 57:428-434.
36. Hilzendeger AM, Morgan DA, Brooks L, et al. A brain leptin-renin angiotensin system interaction in the regulation of sympathetic nerve activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H197-H206.
37. Bassi M, do Carmo JM, Hall JE, da Silva AA. Chronic effects of centrally administered adiponectin on appetite, metabolism and blood pressure regulation in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Peptides 2012; 37:1-5.