Metal-seeded growth mechanism of ZnO nanowires

Crystal Growth and Design

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 572-580

  Simon, Heike ^a   Krekeler, Tobias ^a   Schaan, Gunnar ^a   Mader, Werner ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AU CATALYSTS; DIFFUSIONAL TRANSPORT; ENHANCED GROWTH; GROWTH CONDITIONS; GROWTH MECHANISMS; HETERO INTERFACES; INNER REGION; KINETICALLY CONTROLLED; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIP; OXYGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE; STICKING COEFFICIENTS; THIN SURFACE LAYER; VAPOR-LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; ZN ATOMS; ZNO; ZNO NANOWIRES; ZNO NWS;

CATALYSTS; NANOWIRES; OXYGEN; PARTIAL PRESSURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; VAPORS; ZINC; ZINC ALLOYS;

ZINC OXIDE;

EID: 84873372219     PISSN: 15287483     EISSN: 15287505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cg301640v     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Xia, Y.; Yang, P.; Sun, Y.; Wu, Y.; Mayers, B.; Gates, B.; Yin, Y.; Kim, F.; Yan, H. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 353-389
2. Li, Y.; Qian, F.; Xiang, J.; Lieber, C. M. Mater. Today 2006, 9, 18-27
3. Yang, P.; Yan, R.; Fardy, M. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1529-1536
4. Fan, Z.; Lu, J. G. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2005, 5, 1561-1573
5. Fan, H. J.; Lee, W.; Huaschuild, R.; Alexe, M.; Le Rhun, G.; Scholz, R.; Dadgar, A.; Nielsch, K.; Kalt, H.; Krost, A.; Zacharias, M.; Gösele, U. Small 2006, 2, 561-568
6. Zacharias, M.; Subannajui, K.; Menzel, A.; Yang, Y. Phys. Status Solidi B 2010, 247, 2305-2314
7. Tomioka, K.; Ikejiri, K.; Tanaka, T.; Motohisa, J.; Hara, S.; Hiruma, K.; Fukui, T. J. Mater. Res. 2011, 26, 2127-2141
8. Cui, Y.; Lieber, C. M. Science 2001, 291, 851-853
9. Lu, W.; Lieber, C. M. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 841-850
10. Wagner, R. S.; Ellis, W. C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1964, 4, 89-90
11. Kodambaka, S.; Tersoff, J.; Reuter, M. C.; Ross, F. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 96105
12. Kodambaka, S.; Tersoff, J.; Reuter, M. C.; Ross, F. M. Science 2007, 316, 729-732
13. Schwarz, K. W.; Tersoff, J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 206101
14. Dick, K. A. Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater. 2008, 54, 138-173
15. Özgür, Ü.; Alivov, Y. I.; Liu, C.; Teke, A.; Reshchikov, M. A.; Dogian, S.; Avrutin, V.; Cho, S. J.; Morkoç, H. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 98, 41301
16. Klingshirn, C. F. Zinc Oxide: From Fundamental Properties Towards Novel Applications; Springer: Heidelberg; London, 2010.
17. Huang, M. H.; Wu, Y.; Feick, H.; Tran, N.; Weber, E.; Yang, P. Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 113-116
18. Huang, M. H.; Mao, S.; Feick, H.; Yan, H.; Wu, Y.; Kind, H.; Weber, E.; Russo, R.; Yang, P. Science 2001, 292, 1897-1899
19. Kong, X.; Sun, X.; Li, X.; Li, Y. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2003, 82, 997-1001
20. Wang, Z. L. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2004, 16, R829-R858
21. Heo, Y. W.; Norton, D. P.; Tien, L. C.; Kwon, Y.; Kang, B. S.; Ren, F.; Pearton, S. J.; LaRoche, J. R. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 2004, 47, 1-47
22. Mergenthaler, K.; Gottschalch, V.; Bauer, J.; Paetzelt, H.; Wagner, G. J. Cryst. Growth 2008, 310, 5134-5138
23. Kim, H. W.; Kebede, M. A.; Kim, H. S.; Srinivasa, B.; Kim, D. Y.; Park, J. Y.; Kim, S. S. Curr. Appl Phys. 2010, 10, 52-56
24. Borchers, C.; Müller, S.; Stichtenoth, D.; Schwen, D.; Ronning, C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 1656-1660
25. Ramgir, N. S.; Subannajui, K.; Yang, Y.; Grimm, R.; Michiels, R.; Zacharias, M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 10323-10329
26. Subannajui, K.; Ramgir, N.; Grimm, R.; Michiels, R.; Yang, Y.; Müller, S.; Zacharias, M. Cryst. Growth Des. 2010, 10, 1585-1589
27. Wongchoosuk, C.; Subannajui, K.; Menzel, A.; Burshtein, I. A.; Tamir, S.; Lifshitz, Y.; Zacharias, M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 757-761
28. Jebril, S.; Kuhlmann, H.; Müller, S.; Ronning, C.; Kienle, L.; Duppel, V.; Mishra, Y. K.; Adelung, R. Cryst. Growth Des. 2010, 10, 2842-2846
29. Bao, P.; Zheng, R.; Du, S.; Li, L.; Yeoh, W. K.; Cui, X.; Ringer, S. P. Cryst. Growth Des. 2012, 12, 3153-3157
30. Wen, C. Y.; Reuter, M. C.; Tersoff, J.; Stach, E. A.; Ross, F. M. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 514-519
31. Ross, F. M. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2010, 73, 114501
32. Persson, A. I.; Larsson, M. W.; Stenström, S.; Ohlsson, B. J.; Samuelson, L.; Wallenberg, L. R. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 677-681
33. Dick, K. A.; Deppert, K.; MaÌŠrtensson, T.; Mandl, B.; Samuelson, L.; Seifert, W. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 761-764
34. Kim, B. J.; Tersoff, J.; Kodambaka, S.; Reuter, M. C.; Stach, E. A.; Ross, F. M. Science 2008, 322, 1070-1073
35. Dubrovskii, V. G.; Cirlin, G. E.; Sibirev, N. V.; Jabeen, F.; Harmand, J. C.; Werner, P. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1247-1253
36. Cheyssac, P.; Sacilotti, M.; Patriarche, G. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 100, 44315
37. Westwater, J.; Gosain, D. P.; Tomiya, S.; Usui, S.; Ruda, H. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1997, 15, 554-557
38. Wu, Y.; Yang, P. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 605-607
39. Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, N.; Yan, Y.; Zhou, H.; Zhu, J. J. Cryst. Growth 2001, 226, 185-191
40. Mader, W.; Rečnik, A. Phys. Status Solidi A 1998, 166, 381-395
41. Binnewies, M.; Glaum, R.; Schmidt, M.; Schmidt, P. Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions; Walter de Gruyter: Berlin, 2012.
42. Okamoto, H.; Massalski, T. B. Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 1989, 10, 59-69
43. Barin, I.; Knacke, O. Thermochemical Properties of Inorganic Substances; Springer; Verlag Stahleisen: Berlin, 1973.
44. Ipser, H.; Krachler, R.; Komarek, K. L. Z. Metallkunde 1988, 79, 725-734
45. Lide, D. R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data, 75 th ed. (1994-95 ed.).; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
46. Gerling, U.; Predel, B. Z. Metallkunde 1980, 71, 79-84
47. Prasad, R.; Bienzle, M.; Sommer, F. J. Alloys Compd. 1993, 200, 69-74
48. Schmidt, V.; Wittemann, J. V.; Gösele, U. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 361-388
49. Craciun, V.; Amirhaghi, S.; Craciun, D.; Elders, J.; Gardeniers, J. G. E.; Boyd, I. W. Appl. Surf. Sci. 1995, 86, 99-106
50. Heyraud, J. C.; Metois, J. J. Acta Metall. 1980, 28, 1789-1797
51. Heyraud, J. C.; Métois, J. J. Surf. Sci. 1983, 128, 334-342
52. Takagi, M. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1954, 9, 359-363
53. Buffat, P.; Borel, J. P. Phys. Rev. A 1976, 13, 2287-2298
54. Frenken, J. W. M.; Marée, P. M. J.; van der Veen, J. F. Phys. Rev. B 1986, 34, 7506-7516
55. Lereah, Y.; Kofman, R.; Pénisson, J. M.; Deutscher, G.; Cheyssac, P.; David, T. B.; Bourret, A. Phil. Mag. B 2001, 81, 1801-1819
56. Neumann, G.; Tölle, V. Phil. Mag. A 1995, 71, 231-247
57. Cardis, D. Der Einfluss eines elektrischen Gleichfeldes auf den Materietransport substitutionell gelöster Fremdatome in Gold. Ph.D. Thesis; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Münster (Germany), 1977.
58. Cussler, E. L. Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems, 3 rd ed., reprinted; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2009.
59. Sutton, A. P.; Balluffi, R. W. Interfaces in Crystalline Materials; Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1995.
60. Chatain, D.; Coudurier, L.; Eustathopoulos, N. Rev. Phys. Appl. (Paris) 1988, 23, 1055-1064
61. Ernst, F. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 1995, 14, 97-156