메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 250, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 347-360

Modulatory effects of Pycnogenol® in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical evidences

Author keywords

Liver; Oxidative stress; Pancreas; Pycnogenol; Streptozotocin; Type 1 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; RATTUS;

EID: 84873088642     PISSN: 0033183X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0418-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0032913309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications
    • Baynes JW, Thrope SR (1999) Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications. Diabetes 48: 1-9.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 1-9
    • Baynes, J.W.1    Thrope, S.R.2
  • 3
    • 0025125066 scopus 로고
    • Determination of inorganic nitrate in serum and urine by a kinetic cadmium-reduction method
    • Cortas N, Wakid N (1990) Determination of inorganic nitrate in serum and urine by a kinetic cadmium-reduction method. Clin Chem 36: 1440-1443.
    • (1990) Clin Chem , vol.36 , pp. 1440-1443
    • Cortas, N.1    Wakid, N.2
  • 4
    • 15844366271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in collagen cross-linking by high glucose in vitro and in vivo
    • Elgawish A, Glomb M, Freelander M, Monnier VM (1996) Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in collagen cross-linking by high glucose in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 271: 12964-12971.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 12964-12971
    • Elgawish, A.1    Glomb, M.2    Freelander, M.3    Monnier, V.M.4
  • 6
    • 17844367159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for iNOS in fasting hyperglycemia and impaired insulin signaling in the liver of obese diabetic mice
    • Fujimoto M, Shimizu N, Kunii K, Martyn JA, Ueki K, Kaneki M (2005) A role for iNOS in fasting hyperglycemia and impaired insulin signaling in the liver of obese diabetic mice. Diabetes 54: 1340-1348.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1340-1348
    • Fujimoto, M.1    Shimizu, N.2    Kunii, K.3    Martyn, J.A.4    Ueki, K.5    Kaneki, M.6
  • 7
    • 0035836074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by costunolide of phorbol ester-induced transcriptional activation of inducible nitric oxidesynthase gene in a human monocyte cell line THP-1
    • Fukuda K, Akao S, Ohno Y, Yamashita K, Fujiwara H (2001) Inhibition by costunolide of phorbol ester-induced transcriptional activation of inducible nitric oxidesynthase gene in a human monocyte cell line THP-1. Cancer Lett 1: 7-13.
    • (2001) Cancer Lett , vol.1 , pp. 7-13
    • Fukuda, K.1    Akao, S.2    Ohno, Y.3    Yamashita, K.4    Fujiwara, H.5
  • 8
    • 33748305800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) after oral administration to healthy volunteers
    • Grimm T, Skrabala R, Chovanova Z et al (2006) Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) after oral administration to healthy volunteers. BMC Clin Pharmacol 6: 4.
    • (2006) BMC Clin Pharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 4
    • Grimm, T.1    Skrabala, R.2    Chovanova, Z.3
  • 9
    • 47549106143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethyl amiloride improves glucose homeostasis in mouse models of type 2 diabetes
    • Gunawardana SC, Steven Head W, Piston DW (2008) Dimethyl amiloride improves glucose homeostasis in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294: 1097-1108.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.294 , pp. 1097-1108
    • Gunawardana, S.C.1    Steven Head, W.2    Piston, D.W.3
  • 10
    • 0016275313 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione-S-transferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation
    • Habig WH, Pabst M, Jakoby WB (1974) Glutathione-S-transferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249: 7130-7139.
    • (1974) J Biol Chem , vol.249 , pp. 7130-7139
    • Habig, W.H.1    Pabst, M.2    Jakoby, W.B.3
  • 12
    • 40649103355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia, stress oxidant, liver dysfunction and histological changes in diabetic male rat pancreas and liver: Protective effect of 17β-estradiol
    • Hamden K, Carreau S, Lajmi S, Aloulou D, kchaou D, Elfeki A (2008) Hyperglycaemia, stress oxidant, liver dysfunction and histological changes in diabetic male rat pancreas and liver: Protective effect of 17β-estradiol. Steroids 94: 495-501.
    • (2008) Steroids , vol.94 , pp. 495-501
    • Hamden, K.1    Carreau, S.2    Lajmi, S.3    Aloulou, D.4    Kchaou, D.5    Elfeki, A.6
  • 13
    • 0034485750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic exocrine function in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Hardt PD, Krauss A, Bretz L et al (2000) Pancreatic exocrine function in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 37: 105-110.
    • (2000) Acta Diabetol , vol.37 , pp. 105-110
    • Hardt, P.D.1    Krauss, A.2    Bretz, L.3
  • 14
    • 0002991819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth pattern of pancreatic islets in animals
    • 1st edn., B. V. Volk and K. E. Wellman (Eds.), New York: Plenum Medical Book Co
    • Hellestrom C (1997) Growth pattern of pancreatic islets in animals. In: Volk BV, Wellman KE (eds) The diabetic pancreas, 1st edn. Plenum Medical Book Co, New York, pp 61-97.
    • (1997) The Diabetic Pancreas , pp. 61-97
    • Hellestrom, C.1
  • 15
    • 0032998220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells of GK rats, a model of type 2 diabetes
    • Ihara Y, Toyokuni S, Uchida K, Odaka H, Tanaka T et al (1999) Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells of GK rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 48: 927-932.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 927-932
    • Ihara, Y.1    Toyokuni, S.2    Uchida, K.3    Odaka, H.4    Tanaka, T.5
  • 16
    • 68049098934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pycnogenol efficiency on glycaemia, motor nerve conduction velocity and markers of oxidative stress in mild type diabetes in rats
    • Jankyova S, Kucera P, Goldenberg Z et al (2009) Pycnogenol efficiency on glycaemia, motor nerve conduction velocity and markers of oxidative stress in mild type diabetes in rats. Phytother Res 23: 1169-1174.
    • (2009) Phytother Res , vol.23 , pp. 1169-1174
    • Jankyova, S.1    Kucera, P.2    Goldenberg, Z.3
  • 17
    • 26844564082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants in diabetes: linking basic science to clinical practice
    • Johansen JS, Alex KH, David JR, Adviye E (2005) Oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants in diabetes: linking basic science to clinical practice. Cardiovas Diabetol 4: 5.
    • (2005) Cardiovas Diabetol , vol.4 , pp. 5
    • Johansen, J.S.1    Alex, K.H.2    David, J.R.3    Adviye, E.4
  • 18
    • 0016151122 scopus 로고
    • Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis: protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3, 4-bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite
    • Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Zampaglione N, Gillette JR (1974) Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis: protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3, 4-bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacol 11: 151-169.
    • (1974) Pharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 151-169
    • Jollow, D.J.1    Mitchell, J.R.2    Zampaglione, N.3    Gillette, J.R.4
  • 19
    • 44349179266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical constituents of orinda citrifolia roots exhibit hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
    • Kamiya K, Hamabe W, Harada S, Murakami R, Tokuyama S, Satake T (2008) Chemical constituents of orinda citrifolia roots exhibit hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Biol Pharm Bull 31: 935-938.
    • (2008) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.31 , pp. 935-938
    • Kamiya, K.1    Hamabe, W.2    Harada, S.3    Murakami, R.4    Tokuyama, S.5    Satake, T.6
  • 20
    • 12244297093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of epicatechin against the toxic effects of streptozotocin on rat pancreatic islets: in vivo and in vitro
    • Kim MGRG, Chung JS, Sim SS et al (2003) Protective effects of epicatechin against the toxic effects of streptozotocin on rat pancreatic islets: in vivo and in vitro. Pancreas 26: 292-299.
    • (2003) Pancreas , vol.26 , pp. 292-299
    • Kim, M.G.R.G.1    Chung, J.S.2    Sim, S.S.3
  • 21
    • 0031769670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assay of inducible form of nitric oxide synthase activity:effect of flavonoids and plant extracts
    • Kobuchi H, Virgili F, Packer L (1999) Assay of inducible form of nitric oxide synthase activity: effect of flavonoids and plant extracts. Methods Enzymol 301: 504-513.
    • (1999) Methods Enzymol , vol.301 , pp. 504-513
    • Kobuchi, H.1    Virgili, F.2    Packer, L.3
  • 22
    • 0019795914 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic islet-acinar cell interaction: amylase messenger RNA levels are determined by insulin
    • Korc M, Owerbach D, Quinto C, Rutter WJ (1981) Pancreatic islet-acinar cell interaction: amylase messenger RNA levels are determined by insulin. Sci 213: 351-353.
    • (1981) Sci , vol.213 , pp. 351-353
    • Korc, M.1    Owerbach, D.2    Quinto, C.3    Rutter, W.J.4
  • 23
    • 0344604325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha plasma levels to metabolic control in type 1 diabetes
    • Lechleitner M, Koch T, Herold M, Hoppichler F (1999) Relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha plasma levels to metabolic control in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 22: 1749.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1749
    • Lechleitner, M.1    Koch, T.2    Herold, M.3    Hoppichler, F.4
  • 25
    • 77953539565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Pycnogenol on glucose transporter 4 expression and glucose uptake stimulatory activity in 3 t3-L1 adipocytes
    • Lee HH, Kim KJ, Yoon KY, Lee BY (2008) Effect of Pycnogenol on glucose transporter 4 expression and glucose uptake stimulatory activity in 3 t3-L1 adipocytes. FASEB J 24: 1242-1249.
    • (2008) FASEB J , vol.24 , pp. 1242-1249
    • Lee, H.H.1    Kim, K.J.2    Yoon, K.Y.3    Lee, B.Y.4
  • 26
    • 0034598802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid-onset type 1 diabetes with pancreatic exocrine dysfunction
    • Lernmark A (2000) Rapid-onset type 1 diabetes with pancreatic exocrine dysfunction. N Eng J Med 342: 344-345.
    • (2000) N Eng J Med , vol.342 , pp. 344-345
    • Lernmark, A.1
  • 27
    • 0025102226 scopus 로고
    • Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins
    • Levine RL, Garland D, Oliver CN et al (1990) Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol 186: 464-478.
    • (1990) Methods Enzymol , vol.186 , pp. 464-478
    • Levine, R.L.1    Garland, D.2    Oliver, C.N.3
  • 28
    • 4444377960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II
    • Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Würthwein G, Rohdewald P (2004a) Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci 75: 2505-2513.
    • (2004) Life Sci , vol.75 , pp. 2505-2513
    • Liu, X.1    Wei, J.2    Tan, F.3    Zhou, S.4    Würthwein, G.5    Rohdewald, P.6
  • 29
    • 1442324389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients
    • Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P (2004b) French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 27: 839.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 839
    • Liu, X.1    Zhou, H.J.2    Rohdewald, P.3
  • 30
    • 0000238184 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of hypoglycemic principle isolated from the fruits of M. charantia Linn
    • Lolitkar MM, Rao RR (1966) Pharmacology of hypoglycemic principle isolated from the fruits of M. charantia Linn. Ind J Pharm 28: 129-133.
    • (1966) Ind J Pharm , vol.28 , pp. 129-133
    • Lolitkar, M.M.1    Rao, R.R.2
  • 32
    • 0025197945 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and free radicals as effector molecules in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells
    • Mandrup-Poulsen T, Helqvist S, Wogensen LD et al (1990) Cytokines and free radicals as effector molecules in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 164: 169-193.
    • (1990) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.164 , pp. 169-193
    • Mandrup-Poulsen, T.1    Helqvist, S.2    Wogensen, L.D.3
  • 33
    • 0038386466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Pycnogenol treatment on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • Maritim A, Dene BA, Sanders RA, Watkins JB III (2003) Effects of Pycnogenol treatment on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17: 193-199.
    • (2003) J Biochem Mol Toxicol , vol.17 , pp. 193-199
    • Maritim, A.1    Dene, B.A.2    Sanders, R.A.3    Watkins III, J.B.4
  • 35
    • 0033662095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme inhibition and protein-binding action of the procyanidin-rich French maritime pine bark extract, pycnogenol: effect on xanthine oxidase
    • Moini H, Guo Q, Packer L (2000) Enzyme inhibition and protein-binding action of the procyanidin-rich French maritime pine bark extract, pycnogenol: effect on xanthine oxidase. J Agric Food Chem 48: 5630-5639.
    • (2000) J Agric Food Chem , vol.48 , pp. 5630-5639
    • Moini, H.1    Guo, Q.2    Packer, L.3
  • 36
    • 0034611648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro inhibition of the activity of phosphorylase kinase, protein kinase C and protein kinase A by caffeic acid and a procyanidin-rich pine bark (Pinus marittima) extract
    • Nardini M, Scaccini C, Packer L, Virgili F (2000) In vitro inhibition of the activity of phosphorylase kinase, protein kinase C and protein kinase A by caffeic acid and a procyanidin-rich pine bark (Pinus marittima) extract. Biochim et Biophysic Acta 1474: 219-225.
    • (2000) Biochim Et Biophysic Acta , vol.1474 , pp. 219-225
    • Nardini, M.1    Scaccini, C.2    Packer, L.3    Virgili, F.4
  • 37
    • 0031883856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pycnogenol inhibits macrophage oxidative burst, lipoprotein oxidation, and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage
    • Nelson AB, Lau BHS, Ide N, Rong Y (1998) Pycnogenol inhibits macrophage oxidative burst, lipoprotein oxidation, and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. Drug Dev Indust Pharm 24: 139-144.
    • (1998) Drug Dev Indust Pharm , vol.24 , pp. 139-144
    • Nelson, A.B.1    Lau, B.H.S.2    Ide, N.3    Rong, Y.4
  • 38
    • 0032839592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol
    • Packer L, Rimbach G, Virgili F (1999) Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med 27: 704-724.
    • (1999) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.27 , pp. 704-724
    • Packer, L.1    Rimbach, G.2    Virgili, F.3
  • 39
    • 30644469766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tetrahydrocurcumin on blood glucose, plasma insulin and hepatic key enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
    • Pari L, Murugan P (2005) Effect of tetrahydrocurcumin on blood glucose, plasma insulin and hepatic key enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Basic & Clin Physiol Pharmacol 16: 257-274.
    • (2005) J Basic & Clin Physiol Pharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 257-274
    • Pari, L.1    Murugan, P.2
  • 40
    • 70249112934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pycnogenol® prevents potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)-induced oxidative damage and nephrotoxicity in rats
    • Parveen K, Khan MR, Siddiqui WA (2009) Pycnogenol® prevents potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)-induced oxidative damage and nephrotoxicity in rats. Chem-Biol Interact 181: 343-350.
    • (2009) Chem-Biol Interact , vol.181 , pp. 343-350
    • Parveen, K.1    Khan, M.R.2    Siddiqui, W.A.3
  • 41
    • 77953540524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of Pycnogenol® on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in the liver of type 2 diabetic rats
    • Parveen K, Khan MR, Mujeeb M, Siddiqui WA (2010) Protective effects of Pycnogenol® on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in the liver of type 2 diabetic rats. Chem-Biol Interact 186: 219-27.
    • (2010) Chem-Biol Interact , vol.186 , pp. 219-227
    • Parveen, K.1    Khan, M.R.2    Mujeeb, M.3    Siddiqui, W.A.4
  • 42
    • 18044363640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats
    • Rajasekaran S, Sivagnanam K, Subramanian S (2005) Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacol Rep 57: 90-96.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Rep , vol.57 , pp. 90-96
    • Rajasekaran, S.1    Sivagnanam, K.2    Subramanian, S.3
  • 43
    • 0036219486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology
    • Rohdewald P (2002) A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Therap 40: 158-168.
    • (2002) Int J Clin Pharmacol Therap , vol.40 , pp. 158-168
    • Rohdewald, P.1
  • 44
    • 85017448042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract
    • P. M. Coates, M. R. BlackMan, G. Cragg, M. Levine, J. Moss, and J. White (Eds.), New York: Marcel Dekker
    • Rohdewald P (2005) Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract. In: Coates PM, BlackMan MR, Cragg G, Levine M, Moss J, White J (eds) Encyclopedia of dietary supplements. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 545-53.
    • (2005) Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements , pp. 545-553
    • Rohdewald, P.1
  • 45
    • 0036284599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property
    • Sabu MC, Kuttan R (2002) Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. J Ethnopharmacol 81: 155-160.
    • (2002) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.81 , pp. 155-160
    • Sabu, M.C.1    Kuttan, R.2
  • 46
    • 33846472600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of standardised herbal extracts in type 1 diabetes-an experimental study
    • Sarika Jain P, Pandhi APS, Malhotra S (2006) Efficacy of standardised herbal extracts in type 1 diabetes-an experimental study. Afr J Trad CAM 3: 23-33.
    • (2006) Afr J Trad CAM , vol.3 , pp. 23-33
    • Sarika Jain, P.1    Pandhi, A.P.S.2    Malhotra, S.3
  • 47
    • 34247159943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) effectively inhibit alpha-glucosidase
    • Schafer A, Hogger P (2007) Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) effectively inhibit alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res Clin Prac 77: 41-46.
    • (2007) Diabetes Res Clin Prac , vol.77 , pp. 41-46
    • Schafer, A.1    Hogger, P.2
  • 48
    • 0026970404 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear factor kappa B: an oxidative stress responsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells
    • Schreck R, Albermann K, Baeuerle PA (1992) Nuclear factor kappa B: an oxidative stress responsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells. Free Radic Res Comm 17: 221-237.
    • (1992) Free Radic Res Comm , vol.17 , pp. 221-237
    • Schreck, R.1    Albermann, K.2    Baeuerle, P.A.3
  • 51
    • 0031883154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of renal lesions associated with diabetes by dietary curcumin in streptozotocin diabetic rats
    • Suresh Babu P, Srinivasan K (1998) Amelioration of renal lesions associated with diabetes by dietary curcumin in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 181: 87-96.
    • (1998) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.181 , pp. 87-96
    • Suresh Babu, P.1    Srinivasan, K.2
  • 52
    • 0035451363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS through suppression of NF-k{cyrillic}B activation
    • Surh YJ, Chun KS, Cha HH, Han SS, Keum YS, Park KK, Lee SS (2001) Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS through suppression of NF-k{cyrillic}B activation. Mutat Res 480-481: 243-268.
    • (2001) Mutat Res , vol.480-481 , pp. 243-268
    • Surh, Y.J.1    Chun, K.S.2    Cha, H.H.3    Han, S.S.4    Keum, Y.S.5    Park, K.K.6    Lee, S.S.7
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0036195710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Vessby J, Basu S, Mohsen R, Berne C, Vessby B (2002) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 251: 69-76.
    • (2002) J Intern Med , vol.251 , pp. 69-76
    • Vessby, J.1    Basu, S.2    Mohsen, R.3    Berne, C.4    Vessby, B.5
  • 55
    • 0030714562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pycnogenol enhances endothelial cell antioxidant defenses
    • Wei ZH, Peng QL, Lau BHS (1997) Pycnogenol enhances endothelial cell antioxidant defenses. Redox Rep 3: 219-224.
    • (1997) Redox Rep , vol.3 , pp. 219-224
    • Wei, Z.H.1    Peng, Q.L.2    Lau, B.H.S.3
  • 56
    • 0027279232 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and free radicals
    • Wolff SP (1993) Diabetes mellitus and free radicals. Br Med Bul 49: 642-652.
    • (1993) Br Med Bul , vol.49 , pp. 642-652
    • Wolff, S.P.1
  • 57
    • 42949094141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation
    • Zibadi S, Rohdewald PJ, Park D, Watson RR (2008) Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation. Nutr Res 28: 315-320.
    • (2008) Nutr Res , vol.28 , pp. 315-320
    • Zibadi, S.1    Rohdewald, P.J.2    Park, D.3    Watson, R.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.