메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 169, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-16

Relationship between carnivore distribution and landscape features in the northern highlands ecological landscape of wisconsin

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANID; CARNIVORE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT LOSS; INDIGENOUS POPULATION; POPULATION DECLINE; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; UPLAND REGION;

EID: 84872857015     PISSN: 00030031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-169.1.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0000733128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W. J. McShea, H. B. Underwood, and J. H. Rappole (eds.). The Science of Overabundance: Deer ecology and population management Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.\\
    • ALVERSON, W. S. AND D. M. WALLER. 1997. Deer populations and the widespread failure of hemlock regeneration in northern forests, p. 280-297. In: W. J. McShea, H. B. Underwood, and J. H. Rappole (eds.). The Science of Overabundance: Deer ecology and population management. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.\\
    • (1997) Deer Populations and the Widespread Failure of Hemlock Regeneration in Northern Forests , pp. 280-297
    • Alverson, W.S.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 2
    • 0002425067 scopus 로고
    • Influence of deer on vegetation of the Apostle Islands, Wisconsin
    • BEALS, E. W., G. GOTTAM, AND R. J. VOGL. 1960. Influence of deer on vegetation of the Apostle Islands, Wisconsin. J. Wildl. Manag., 24:68-80.
    • (1960) J. Wildl. Manag. , vol.24 , pp. 68-80
    • Beals, E.W.1    Gottam, G.2    Vogl, R.J.3
  • 3
    • 0034903637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mammalian predator-prey imbalance: Grizzly bear and wolf extinction affect avian neotropical migrants
    • BERGER, J., P. B. STACEY, L. BELLIS, AND M. P. JOHNSON. 2001. A mammalian predator-prey imbalance: Grizzly bear and wolf extinction affect avian neotropical migrants. Ecol. Appl., 11:947-960. (Pubitemid 32731586)
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 947-960
    • Berger, J.1    Stacey, P.B.2    Bellis, L.3    Johnson, M.P.4
  • 4
    • 0020382195 scopus 로고
    • Snowshoe hare distribution and habitat use in Wisconsin.
    • BUEHLER, D. A. AND L. B. KEITH. 1982. Snowshoe hare distribution and habitat use in Wisconsin. Can. Field-Nat., 96:19-29. (Pubitemid 13284110)
    • (1982) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-29
    • Buehler, D.A.1    Keith, L.B.2
  • 6
    • 84872844251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, and J. A. Chapman (eds.) Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.\\
    • CHAPMAN, J. A. AND J. A. LITVAITIS. 2003. Eastern cottontail, p. 101-125. In: G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, and J. A. Chapman (eds.). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.\\
    • (2003) Eastern Cottontail , pp. 101-125
    • Chapman, J.A.1    Litvaitis, J.A.2
  • 7
    • 0030389943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of lakeshore residential development on coarse woody debris in north temperate lakes
    • CHRISTENSEN, D. L., B. R. HERWIG, D. E. SCHINDLER, AND S. R. CARPENTER. 1996. Impacts of lakeshore residential development on coarse woody debris in north temperate lakes. Ecol. Appl., 6:1143-1149.
    • (1996) Ecol. Appl. , vol.6 , pp. 1143-1149
    • Christensen, D.L.1    Herwig, B.R.2    Schindler, D.E.3    Carpenter, S.R.4
  • 8
    • 0036228888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative sensitivities of mammalian carnivores to habitat fragmentation
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00386.x
    • CROOKS, K. R. 2002. Relative sensitivities of mammalian carnivores to habitat fragmentation. Conserv. Biol., 16:488-502. (Pubitemid 34315824)
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 488-502
    • Crooks, K.R.1
  • 9
    • 0033526979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system
    • DOI 10.1038/23028
    • - - - AND M. E. SOULÉ . 1999. Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system. Nature, 400:563-566. (Pubitemid 29381804)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , Issue.6744 , pp. 563-566
    • Crooks, K.R.1    Soule, M.E.2
  • 10
    • 0004262572 scopus 로고
    • University of Wisconsin Press Madison, Wisconsin.
    • CURTIS, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. 657 p.
    • (1959) The Vegetation of Wisconsin , pp. 657
    • Curtis, J.T.1
  • 11
    • 0033927860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic associations among causes of species endangerment in the United States
    • CZECH, B., P. R. KRAUSMAN, AND P. K. DEVERS. 2000. Economic associations among causes of species endangerment in the United States. BioScience, 50:593-601. (Pubitemid 30466996)
    • (2000) BioScience , vol.50 , Issue.7 , pp. 593-601
    • Czech, B.1    Krausman, P.R.2    Devers, P.K.3
  • 12
    • 0028161096 scopus 로고
    • Effect of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania
    • DECALESTA, D. S. 1994. Impact of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania. J. Wildl. Manag., 58:711-718. (Pubitemid 2152705)
    • (1994) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 711-718
    • Decalesta, D.S.1
  • 13
    • 0000878477 scopus 로고
    • Population fluctuations and spatial relationships among wolves, Canis lupus, Coyotes, Canis latrans, and red foeesk, Vulpus vulpus
    • in Jasper National Park, Alberta
    • DEKKAR, D. 1989. Population fluctuations and spatial relationships among wolves, Canis lupus, Coyotes, Canis latrans, and red foxesk, Vulpus vulpus, in Jasper National Park, Alberta. Can. Field Nat., 103:261-264.
    • (1989) Can. Field Nat. , vol.103 , pp. 261-264
    • Dekkar, D.1
  • 14
    • 0030805262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of winter supplemental feeding on browse consumption by white-tailed deer
    • DOENIER, P. B., G. D. DEL GIUDICE, AND M. R. RIGGS. 1997. Effects of winter supplemental feeding on brow se consumption by white-tailed deer. Wildl. Soc. B., 25:235-243. (Pubitemid 27383564)
    • (1997) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-243
    • Doenier, P.B.1    Delgiudice, G.D.2    Riggs, M.R.3
  • 15
    • 1442266616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of undeveloped and developed shorelands, northern Wisconsin, and recommendations for restoration
    • ELIAS, J. E. AND M. W. MEYER. 2003. Comparisons of undeveloped and developed shorelands, northern Wisconsin, and recommendations for restoration. Wetlands, 23:800-816. (Pubitemid 38265599)
    • (2003) Wetlands , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 800-816
    • Elias, J.E.1    Meyer, M.W.2
  • 16
    • 4243725862 scopus 로고
    • An introduction to the Carnivora
    • J. L. Gittleman (ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA
    • EISENBERG, J. F. 1989. An introduction to the Carnivora, p. 1-9. In: J. L. Gittleman (ed.). Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA.
    • (1989) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution , pp. 1-9
    • Eisenberg, J.F.1
  • 17
  • 18
    • 77952471167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent response by breeding songbirds to residential development along Lake Superior
    • FORD, M. AND D. J. FLASPOHLER. 2010. Scale-dependent response by breeding songbirds to residential development along Lake Superior. Wilson J. Ornithol., 122:296-306.
    • (2010) Wilson J. Ornithol. , vol.122 , pp. 296-306
    • Ford, M.1    Flaspohler, D.J.2
  • 20
    • 16844376432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and management of striped skunks, raccoons, and coyotes
    • N. Fascinone, A. Delach, and M. E. Smith (eds.). People and Predators: From conflict to coexistence. Island Press, Washington, DC.\\
    • GEHRT, S. D. 2004. Ecology and management of striped skunks, raccoons, and coyotes. In urban landscapes, p. 81-104. In: N. Fascinone, A. Delach, and M. E. Smith (eds.). People and Predators: From conflict to coexistence. Island Press, Washington, DC.\\
    • (2004) Urban Landscapes , pp. 81-104
    • Gehrt, S.D.1
  • 22
    • 0036172797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top carnivores in the suburbs? Ecological and conservation issues raised by colonization of northeastern North America by coyotes
    • GOMPPER, M. E. 2002. Top carnivores in the suburbs? Ecological and conservation issues raised by colonization of northeastern North American by coyotes. BioScience, 52:185-190. (Pubitemid 34140422)
    • (2002) BioScience , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-190
    • Gompper, M.E.1
  • 24
    • 0037285206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal habitat partitioning and spatial use of coyotes and red foxes in east-central Illinois
    • GOSSELINK, T. E., T. R. Van DEELEN, R. E. WARNER, AND M. G. JOSELYN. 2003. Temporal habitat partitioning and spatial use of coyotes and red foxes in east-central Illinois. J. Wildl. Manage., 67:90-103. (Pubitemid 36280581)
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-103
    • Gosselink, T.E.1    Van Deelen, T.R.2    Warner, R.E.3    Joselyn, M.G.4
  • 27
    • 33745988247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Road development, housing growth, and landscape fragmentation in northern Wisconsin: 1937-1999
    • HAWBAKER, T. D., V. C. RADELOFF, M. K. CLAYTON, R. B. HAMMER, AND C. E. GONZALEZ-ABRAHAM. 2006. Road Development, housing growth, and landscape fragmentation in northern Wisconsin: 1937-1999. Ecol. Appl., 16:1222-1237. (Pubitemid 44066080)
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 1222-1237
    • Hawbaker, T.J.1    Radeloff, V.C.2    Clayton, M.K.3    Hammer, R.B.4    Gonzalez-Abraham, C.E.5
  • 29
    • 0000015612 scopus 로고
    • Numbers distribution, and movement of a raccoon population in a suburban residential community
    • HOFFMAN, C. O. AND J. L. GOTTSCHANG. 1977. Numbers, distribution, and movement of a raccoon population in a suburban residential community. J. Mammal., 58:623-636.
    • (1977) J. Mammal. , vol.58 , pp. 623-636
    • Hoffman, C.O.1    Gottschang, J.L.2
  • 30
    • 0003941740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreword, p. xxi-xxiii. In D. E. Wilson, F. R. Cole, J. D. Nichols, R. Rubran, and M. S. Foster (eds.) Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.\, USA.\\
    • HOFFMAN, R. S. 1996. Foreword, p. xxi-xxiii. In: D. E. Wilson, F. R. Cole, J. D. Nichols, R. Rubran, and M. S. Foster (eds.). Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard methods for mammals. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.\, USA.\\
    • (1996) Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Mammals
    • Hoffman, R.S.1
  • 31
    • 68949154398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dealth and taxus: The high cost of palatability for a declining evergreen shrub Taxus canadensis
    • HOLMES, S. A., C. R. WEBSTER, D. J. FLASPOLHER, AND R. E. FROESE. 2009. Dealth and taxus: The high cost of palatability for a declining evergreen shrub, Taxus canadensis. Can. J. For. Res., 39:1366-1374.
    • (2009) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.39 , pp. 1366-1374
    • Holmes, S.A.1    Webster, C.R.2    Flaspolher, D.J.3    Froese, R.E.4
  • 32
    • 0003656101 scopus 로고
    • The University of Wisconsin Press Madison, Wisconsin.
    • JACKSON, H. H. T. 1961. Mammals of Wisconsin. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. 504 p.
    • (1961) Mammals of Wisconsin , pp. 504
    • Jackson, H.H.T.1
  • 33
    • 0027835617 scopus 로고
    • Differential mortality of sympatric snowshoe hares and cottontail rabbits in central Wisconsin
    • KEITH, L. B. AND S. E. M. BLOOMER. 1993. Differential mortality of sympatric snowshoe hares and cottontail rabbits in central Wisconsin. Can. J. Zool., 71:1694-1997.
    • (1993) Can. J. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 1694-1997
    • Keith, L.B.1    Bloomer, S.E.M.2
  • 34
    • 0036273980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of lakeshore development on breeding bird communities in a mixed northern forest
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00260-9, PII S0006320701002609
    • LINDSAY, A. R., S. S. GILLUM, AND M. W. MEYER. 2002. Influence of lakehore development on breeding bird communities in a mixed northern forest. Biol. Conserv., 107:1-11. (Pubitemid 34623110)
    • (2002) Biological Conservation , vol.107 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Lindsay, A.R.1    Gillum, S.S.2    Meyer, M.W.3
  • 35
    • 0037861473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predators and people: Conservation of large carnivores is possible at high human densities if management policy is favourable
    • LINNELL, J. D. C., J. E. SWENSON, AND R. ANDERSEN. 2001. Predators and people: Conservation of large carnivores is possible at high human densities if management policy is favorable. Anim. Conserv., 4:345-349. (Pubitemid 33586575)
    • (2001) Animal Conservation , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-349
    • Linnell, J.D.C.1    Swenson, J.E.2    Andersen, R.3
  • 38
    • 38849195298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing common loon nest predators on 35 mm film
    • MCCANN, N., D. E. HASKELL, AND M. W. MEYER. 2005. Capturing common loon nest predators on 35 mm film. Passen. Pigeon, 66:351-361.
    • (2005) Passen. Pigeon , vol.66 , pp. 351-361
    • McCann, N.1    Haskell, D.E.2    Meyer, M.W.3
  • 39
    • 45049085290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling habitat overlap amony sympatric mesocarnivores in southern Illinois
    • MCDONALD, P. T., C. K. NIELSEN, T. J. OYANA, AND W. SUN. 2008. Modelling habitat overlap amony sympatric mesocarnivores in southern Illinois, USA. Ecol. Model, 215:276-286.
    • (2008) USA. Ecol. Model , vol.215 , pp. 276-286
    • McDonald, P.T.1    Nielsen, C.K.2    Oyana, T.J.3    Sun, W.4
  • 40
    • 0031031940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and implications of species restoration in altered ecosystems
    • MLADENOFF, D. J., R. G. HAIGHT, T. A. SICKLEY, AND A. P. WYDEVEN. 1997. Causes and implications of species restoration in altered ecosystems. BioScience, 47:21-31. (Pubitemid 27027826)
    • (1997) BioScience , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-31
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    Haight, R.G.2    Sickley, T.A.3    Wydeven, A.P.4
  • 41
    • 0028974708 scopus 로고
    • A regional landscape analysis and prediction of favorable gray wolf habitat in the northern Great Lakes region
    • - - - , T. A. SICKLEY, R. G. HAIGHT, AND A. P. WYDEVEN. 1995. A regional landscape analysis and prediction of favorable gray wolf habitat in the northern Great Lakes region. Conserv. Biol, 9:279-294.
    • (1995) Conserv. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 279-294
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    Sickley, T.A.2    Haight, R.G.3    Wydeven, A.P.4
  • 42
    • 0010450581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water, society, and landscape ecology
    • NAIMAN, R. J. 1996. Water, society, and landscape ecology. Landscape Ecol., 11:193-196.
    • (1996) Landscape Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 193-196
    • Naiman, R.J.1
  • 43
    • 0030467966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation biology and carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains
    • NOSS, R. F., H. B. QUIGLEY, M. G.HORNOCKER, T. MERRIL, AND P. C. PAQUET. 1996. Conservation biology and carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains. Conserv. Biol., 10:949-963. (Pubitemid 27048237)
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 949-963
    • Noss, R.F.1    Quigley, H.B.2    Hornocker, M.G.3    Merrill, T.4    Paquet, P.C.5
  • 44
    • 33845918165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal ecosystem
    • DOI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2
    • O'CONNELL, A. F., JR., N. W. TALANCY, L. L. BAIKILEY, J. R. SAUER, R. COOK, AND A. T. GILBERT. 2006. Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large-mammals in a coastal ecosystem. J. Wildl. Manage., 70:1625-1633. (Pubitemid 46214498)
    • (2006) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 1625-1633
    • O'Connell Jr., A.F.1    Talancy, N.W.2    Bailey, L.L.3    Sauer, J.R.4    Cook, R.5    Gilbert, A.T.6
  • 45
    • 0030302272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of spatial scale in understanding responses of mediumsized carnivores to forest fragmentation
    • OEHLER, J. D. AND J. A. LITVAITIS. 1996. The role of spatial scale in understanding responses of mediumsized carnivores to forest fragmentation. Can. J. Zool., 74:2070-2079.
    • (1996) Can. J. Zool. , vol.74 , pp. 2070-2079
    • Oehler, J.D.1    Litvaitis, J.A.2
  • 46
    • 0034066082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer herbivory as an ecological constraint to restoration of degraded riparian corridors
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2000.80006.x
    • OPPERMAN, J. J. AND A. M. MERENLENDER. 2000. Deer herbivory as an ecological constraint to restoration of degraded riparian corridors. Restor. Ecol., 8:41-47. (Pubitemid 30308164)
    • (2000) Restoration Ecology , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Opperman, J.J.1    Merenlender, A.M.2
  • 47
    • 0000725043 scopus 로고
    • Physical and reproductive characteristics of a supplemental-fed whitetailed deer herd
    • OZOGA, J. J. AND L. J. VERME. 1982. Physical and reproductive characteristics of a supplemental-fed whitetailed deer herd. J. Wildl. Manage., 46:281-301.
    • (1982) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.46 , pp. 281-301
    • Ozoga, J.J.1    Verme, L.J.2
  • 48
    • 0021076174 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection by snowshoe hares in north central Minnesota.
    • PEITZ, P J. AND J. R. TESTER. 1983. Habitat selection by snowshoe hares in north central Minnesota. J.Wildl.Manage., 47:686-696. (Pubitemid 14274694)
    • (1983) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 686-696
    • Pietz, P.J.1    Tester, J.R.2
  • 49
    • 0038371196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic factors contributing to high raccoon densities in urban landscapes
    • PRANGE, S., S. D. GEHRT, AND E. P. WIGGERS. 2003. Demographics factors contributing to high raccoon densities in urban landscapes. J. Wildl. Manage., 67:324-333. (Pubitemid 36536747)
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 324-333
    • Prange, S.1    Gehrt, S.D.2    Wiggers, E.P.3
  • 50
    • 2642553270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of anthropogenic resources on raccoon (Procyon, lotor) movements and spatial distribution
    • - - - , - - - , AND - - - . 2004. Influences of anthropogenic resources on raccoon (Procyon lotor) movements and spatial distribution. J. Mammal., 85:483-490. (Pubitemid 38708780)
    • (2004) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 483-490
    • Prange, S.1    Gehrt, S.D.2    Wiggers, E.P.3
  • 53
    • 0020363247 scopus 로고
    • Small mammal and habitat response to shoreline cottage development in central Ontario.
    • RACEY, G. D. AND D. L. EULER. 1982. Small mammal and habitat response to shoreline cottage development in central Ontario. Can. J. Zool., 60:865-880. (Pubitemid 13282524)
    • (1982) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 865-880
    • Racey, G.D.1    Euler, D.L.2
  • 54
    • 0021061424 scopus 로고
    • Changes in mink habitat and food selection as influenced by cottage development in central Ontario
    • - - - AND - - - . 1983. Changes in mink habitat and food selection as influenced by cottage development in central Ontario. J. Appl. Ecol., 20:387-402.
    • (1983) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.20 , pp. 387-402
    • Racey, G.D.1    Euler, D.L.2
  • 55
    • 20044362991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural and suburban sprawl in the U.S. Midwest from 1940 to 2000 and its relation to forest fragmentation
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00387.x
    • RADELOFF, V. C., R. B. HAMMER, AND S. I. STEWART. 2005. Rural and suburban sprawl in the U.S. Midwest from 1940 to 2000 and it relation to forest fragmentation. Conserv. Biol., 19:793-805. (Pubitemid 40764546)
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 793-805
    • Radeloff, V.C.1    Hammer, R.B.2    Stewart, S.I.3
  • 56
    • 0035026936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human demographic trends and landscape level forest management in the northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens
    • - - - , - - - , P. R. VOSS, A. E. HAGEN, D. R. FIELD, AND D. J. MLADDENOFF. 2001. Human demographics trends and landscape level forest management in the northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens. For. Sci., 47:229-241. (Pubitemid 32442439)
    • (2001) Forest Science , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-241
    • Radeloff, V.C.1    Hammer, R.B.2    Voss, P.R.3    Hagen, A.E.4    Field, D.R.5    Mladenoff, D.J.6
  • 57
    • 33846050989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnivore occurrence along an urban-rural gradient: A landscape-level analysis
    • DOI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-224R2.1
    • RANDA, R. A. AND J. A. YUNGER. 2006. Carnivore occurrence along an urban-rural gradient: Landscape-level analysis. J. Mammal., 87:1154-1164. (Pubitemid 46067800)
    • (2006) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 1154-1164
    • Randa, L.A.1    Yunger, J.A.2
  • 58
    • 0035126106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature, society and history in two contrasting landscapes in Wisconsin, USA Interactions between lakes and humans during the twentieth century
    • DOI 10.1016/S0264-8377(00)00044-2, PII S0264837700000442, Using and shaping the land
    • RIERA, J., P. R. VOSS, S. R. CARPENTER, T. K. KRATZ, T.M. LILLESAND, J. A. SCHNAIBERG, M.G.TURNER, AND M. W. WEGENER. 2001. Nature, society and history in two contrasting landscapes in Wisconsin, USA: Interactions between lakes and humans during the twentieth century. Land Use Pol., 18:41-51. (Pubitemid 32192444)
    • (2001) Land Use Policy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-51
    • Riera, J.1    Voss, P.R.2    Carpenter, S.R.3    Kratz, T.K.4    Lillesand, T.M.5    Schnaiberg, J.A.6    Turner, M.G.7    Wegener, M.W.8
  • 59
    • 0001661617 scopus 로고
    • Effects of recreational use of shorelines on breeding bird populations
    • ROBERTSON, R. J. AND N. J. FLOOD. 1980. Effects of recreational use of shorelines on breeding bird populations. Can. Field-Nat., 94:131-138.
    • (1980) Can. Field-Nat. , vol.94 , pp. 131-138
    • Robertson, R.J.1    Flood, N.J.2
  • 60
    • 0031656844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Song sparrows, top carnivores and nest predation: A test of the mesopredator release hypothesis
    • DOI 10.1007/s004420050583
    • ROGERS, C. M. AND M. J. CARO. 1998. Song sparrows, top carnivores and nest predation: A test of the mesopredator release hypothesis. Oecelogia, 116:227-233. (Pubitemid 28398106)
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.116 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 227-233
    • Rogers, C.M.1    Caro, M.J.2
  • 61
    • 0034915536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on plants, plant populations and communities: A review
    • RUSSELL, F. L., D. B. ZIPPIN, AND N. L. FOWLER. 2001. Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on plants, plant populations and communities: A review. Am. Midl. Nat., 146:1-26. (Pubitemid 32665138)
    • (2001) American Midland Naturalist , vol.146 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-26
    • Leland Russell, F.1    Zippin, D.B.2    Fowler, N.L.3
  • 62
    • 0001367318 scopus 로고
    • Spatial relations between sympatric coyotes and red foxes in North Dakota
    • SARGEANT, A. B., S. H. ALLEN, AND J. O. HASTINGS. 1987. Spatial relations between sympatric coyotes and red foxes in North Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage., 51:283-293.
    • (1987) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.51 , pp. 283-293
    • Sargeant, A.B.1    Allen, S.H.2    Hastings, J.O.3
  • 63
    • 0034072299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: A review of the effects of carnivore removals on plants
    • DOI 10.1086/303311
    • SCHMITZ, O. J., P. A. HAMBACK, AND A. P. BECKERMAN. 2000. Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: A review of the effects of carnivore removals on plants. Am. Nat., 155:141-153. (Pubitemid 30187790)
    • (2000) American Naturalist , vol.155 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-153
    • Schmitz, O.J.1    Hamback, P.A.2    Beckerman, A.P.3
  • 64
    • 0036654740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining human settlement patterns in a recreational lake district: Vilas County, Wisconsin, USA
    • DOI 10.1007/s00267-002-2450-z
    • SCHNAIBERG, J., J. RIERA, M. G. TURNER, AND P. R. VOSS. 2002. Explaining human settlement patterns in a recreational lake district: Vilas County, Wisconsin, USA. Environ. Manage., 30:24-34. (Pubitemid 36927567)
    • (2002) Environmental Management , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-34
    • Schnaiberg, J.1    Riera, J.2    Turner, M.G.3    Voss, P.R.4
  • 66
    • 33645810458 scopus 로고
    • Reconstructed dynamics of rapid extinctions of chaparral-requiring birds in urban habitat islands
    • SOULÉ , M. E., D. T. BOLGER, A. C. ALBERTS, J. WRIGHT, M. SORICE, AND S. HILL. 1988. Reconstructed dynamics of rapid extinctions of chaparral-requiring birds in urban habitat islands. Conserv. Biol., 2:75-90.
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 75-90
    • Soulé, M.E.1    Bolger, D.T.2    Alberts, A.C.3    Wright, J.4    Sorice, M.5    Hill, S.6
  • 67
  • 68
    • 0031408622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00041-8, PII S0169204697000418
    • THEOBALD, D. M., J. R. MILLER, AND N. T. HOBBS. 1997. Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat. Landscape Urban Plan., 39:25-36. (Pubitemid 28069520)
    • (1997) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-36
    • Theobald, D.M.1    Miller, J.R.2    Hobbs, N.T.3
  • 69
    • 0001626960 scopus 로고
    • Avoidance of coyotes by red fox families
    • VOIGT, D. R. AND B. D. EARLE. 1983. Avoidance of coyotes by red fox families. J. Wildl. Manage., 47:852-857.
    • (1983) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.47 , pp. 852-857
    • Voigt, D.R.1    Earle, B.D.2
  • 72
    • 0031874826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States
    • WILCOVE, D. S., D. ROTHSTEIN, J. BUBOW, A. PHILLIPS, AND E. LOSO. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. Bioscience, 48:607-615.
    • (1998) Bioscience , vol.48 , pp. 607-615
    • Wilcove, D.S.1    Rothstein, D.2    Bubow, J.3    Phillips, A.4    Loso, E.5
  • 74
    • 77954173911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration dynamics in remnant Tsuga canadensis stands in the northern Lake States: Potential direct and indirect effects of herbivory
    • WITT, J. C. AND C. R. WEBSTER. 2010. Regeneration dynamics in remnant Tsuga canadensis stands in the northern Lake States: Potential direct and indirect effects of herbivory. For. Ecol. Manage., 269:519-525.
    • (2010) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.269 , pp. 519-525
    • Witt, J.C.1    Webster, C.R.2
  • 75
    • 0037391143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of lakeshore development on green frog abundance
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00230-6, PII S0006320702002306
    • WOODFORD, J. E. AND M. W. MEYER. 2003. Impact of lakeshore development on green frog abundance. Biol. Conserv., 110:277-284. (Pubitemid 36171673)
    • (2003) Biological Conservation , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-284
    • Woodford, J.E.1    Meyer, M.W.2
  • 76
    • 0001676111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predators and people: Using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores
    • WOODROFFE, R. 2000. Predators and people: Using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores. Anim. Conserv., 3:165-173.
    • (2000) Anim. Conserv. , vol.3 , pp. 165-173
    • Woodroffe, R.1
  • 77
    • 1242341875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Road density as a factor in habitat selection of wolves and other carnivores in the Great Lakes Region
    • WYDEVEN, A. P., D. J. MLADENOFF, T. A. SICKLEY, B. E. KOHN, R. P. THEIL, AND J. L. HANSEN. 2001. Road density as a factor in habitat selection of wolves and other carnivores in the Great Lakes Region. Endang. Spec. Update, 18:110-114.
    • (2001) Endang. Spec. Update , vol.18 , pp. 110-114
    • Wydeven, A.P.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2    Sickley, T.A.3    Kohn, B.E.4    Theil, R.P.5    Hansen, J.L.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.