Relationships between human disturbance and wildlife land use in urban habitat fragments

Conservation Biology

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 99-109

  Markovchick Nicholls, Lisa ^a   Regan, Helen M ^a,c   Deutschman, Douglas H ^a   Widyanata, Astrid ^a   Martin, Barry ^b   Noreke, Lani ^b   Ann Hunt, Timothy ^b  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b San Diego Tracking Team   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal movement; Animal tracks; Habitat fragmentation; Habitat remnants; Human disturbance; Urban open space; Urbanization

Indexed keywords

WATER;

HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HUMAN ACTIVITY; LAND USE; RODENT; URBAN AREA; URBANIZATION;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CITY; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HUMAN; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RECREATION; TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT; WASTE DISPOSAL; WILD ANIMAL;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, WILD; CITIES; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ECOSYSTEM; HUMANS; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RECREATION; REFUSE DISPOSAL; TRANSPORTATION; WATER;

CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; SAN DIEGO COUNTY; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALIA; CANIS LATRANS; CERVIDAE; DIDELPHIDAE; DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA; EQUIDAE; GEOCOCCYX CALIFORNIANUS; LEPUS CALIFORNICUS; LYNX RUFUS; NEOTOMA; ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS; PROCYON; PROCYON LOTOR; PUMA CONCOLOR; UROCYON; UROCYON CINEREOARGENTEUS;

EID: 38849152208     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: 15231739     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00846.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Allen, L., R. Engeman, and H. Krupa. 1996. Evaluation of three relative abundance indices for assessing dingo populations. Wildlife Research 23 : 197 206.
2. Barrows, C. W., M. Swartz, W. L. Hodges, M. F. Allen, J. T. Rotenberry, B.-L. Li, T. A. Scott, and X. Chen. 2005. A framework for monitoring multiple-species conservation plans. Journal of Wildlife Management 69 : 1333 1345.
3. Battin, J. 2004. When good animals love bad habitats: ecological traps and the conservation of animal populations. Conservation Biology 18 : 1482 1491.
4. Beale, C. M., and P. Monaghan. 2004. Human disturbance: people as predation-free predators? Journal of Applied Ecology 41 : 335 343.
5. Blair, R. B. 1996. Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient. Ecological Applications 6 : 506 519.
6. Blair, R. B. 1999. Birds and butterflies along an urban gradient: surrogate taxa for assessing biodiversity? Ecological Applications 9 : 164 170.
7. Blair, R. B., and A. E. Launer. 1997. Butterfly diversity and human land use: species assemblages along an urban gradient. Biological Conservation 80 : 113 125.
8. Bloch, P., J. Fung, T. Dean, L. Youger, and J. White. 2005. Rapid shoreline inventory: a citizen-based approach to identifying and prioritizing marine shoreline conservation and restoration projects. Pages 225 242 in D. J. Wright and A. J. Scholz, editors. Place matters: geospatial tools for marine science, conservation and management in the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.
9. Bolger, D. T., A. C. Alberts, R. M. Sauvajot, P. Potenza, C. McCalvin, D. Tran, S. Mazzoni, and M. E. Soulé. 1997. Response of rodents to habitat fragmentation in coastal southern California. Ecological Applications 7 : 552 563.
10. Bowers, M. A., and B. Breland. 1996. Foraging of gray squirrels on an urban-rural gradient: use of the GUD to assess anthropogenic impact. Ecological Applications 6 : 1135 1142.
11. Clevenger, A. P., and N. Waltho. 2000. Factors influencing the effectiveness of wildlife underpasses in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. Conservation Biology 14 : 47 56.
12. Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199 : 1302 1310.
13. County of San Diego. 1998. Final multiple species conservation program plan. County of San Diego, San Diego, California. Available from http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/mscp/summary/index.shtml (accessed June 2007).
14. Crooks, K. R. 2002. Relative sensitivities of mammalian carnivores to habitat fragmentation. Conservation Biology 16 : 488 502.
15. Crooks, K. R., A. V. Suarez, D. T. Bolger, and M. Soulé. 2001. Extinction and colonization of birds on habitat islands. Conservation Biology 15 : 159 172.
16. Czech, B., P. R. Krausman, and P. K. Devers. 2000. Economic associations among causes of species endangerment in the United States. BioScience 50 : 593 601.
17. Dickson, B. G., J. S. Jenness, and P. Beier. 2005. Influence of vegetation, topography, and roads on cougar movement in southern California. Journal of Wildlife Management 69 : 264 276.
18. Dobson A. P., J. P. Rodriguez, W. M. Roberts, and D. S. Wilcove. 1997. Geographic distribution of endangered species in the United States. Science 275 : 550 553.
19. Donnelly, R., and J. M. Marzluff. 2004. Importance of reserve size and landscape context to urban bird conservation. Conservation Biology 18 : 733 745.
20. Farias, V., T. K. Fuller, R. K. Wayne, and R. M. Sauvajot. 2005. Survival and cause-specific mortality of gray foxes in southern California. Journal of Zoology 266 : 249 254.
21. Fedriani, J. M., T. K. Fuller, R. M. Sauvajot, and E. C. York. 2000. Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric carnivores. Oecologia 125 : 258 270.
22. Frid, A., and L. Dill. 2002. Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conservation Ecology 6 : http://www.consecol.org/vol6/iss1/ art11.
23. Germaine, S. S., S. S. Rosenstock, R. E. Schweinsburg, and W. S. Richardson. 1998. Relationships among breeding birds, habitat, and residential development in greater Tucson, Arizona. Ecological Applications 8 : 680 691.
24. Gese, E. M. 2003. Monitoring of terrestrial carnivore populations. Pages 372 396 in J. L. Gittleman, S. M. Funk, D. W. Macdonald, and R. K. Wayne, editors. Carnivore conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
25. Gill, J. A., W. J. Sutherland, and A. R. Watkinson. 1996. A method to quantify the effects of human disturbance on animal populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 33 : 786 792.
26. Gill, J. A., K. Norris, and W. J. Sutherland. 2001a. The effects of disturbance on habitat use by Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa. Journal of Applied Ecology 38 : 846 856.
27. Gill, J. A., K. Norris, and W. J. Sutherland. 2001b. Why behavioural responses may not reflect the population consequences of human disturbance. Biological Conservation 97 : 265 226.
28. Grubb, T. C., Jr., and L. Greenwald. 1982. Sparrows and a brushpile: foraging responses to different combinations to predation risk and energy cost. Animal Behavior 30 : 637 640.
29. Harding, E. K., E. E. Crone, B. D. Elderd, J. M. Hoekstra, A. J. McKerrow, J. D. Perrine, J. Regetz, L. J. Rissler, A. G. Stanley, and E. L. Walters. 2001. The scientific foundations of habitat conservation plans: a quantitative assessment. Conservation Biology 15 : 488 500.
30. Haslam, A., and C. McGarty. 1998. Doing psychology: an introduction to research methodology and statistics. Sage Publications, London.
31. Hobbs, R. J., and H. A. Mooney. 1998. Broadening the extinction debate: population deletions and additions in California and Western Australia. Conservation Biology 12 : 271 283.
32. Hockin, D., M. Ounsted, M. Gorman, D. Hill, V. Keller, and M. A. Barker. 1992. Examination of the effects of disturbance on birds with reference to its importance in ecological assessments. Journal of Environmental Management 36 : 253 286.
33. Kristan, W. B., and W. I. Boarman. 2003. Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises. Ecology 84 : 2432 2443.
34. McDonnell, M. J., S. T. A. Pickett, and R. V. Pouyat. 1993. The application of the ecological gradient paradigm to the study of urban effects. Pages 175 189 in M. J. McDonnell and S. T. A. Pickett, editors. Humans as components of ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, New York.
35. McKinney, M. L. 2002. Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. BioScience 52 : 883 890.
36. McKinney, M. L., and J. L. Lockwood. 1999. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14 : 450 453.
37. Mendel, L. C., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. 2002. Historical progress of biodiversity conservation in the protected area system of Tasmania, Australia. Conservation Biology 16 : 1520 1529.
38. Pressey, R. L., S. Ferrier, T. C. Hager, C. A. Woods, S. L. Tully, and K. M. Weinman. 1996. How well protected are the forests of north-eastern New South Wales - analyses of forest environments in relation to formal protection measures, land tenure and vulnerability to clearing. Forest Ecology and Management 85 : 311 333.
39. Rahn, M. E., H. Doremus, and J. Diffendorfer. 2006. Species coverage in multi species habitat plans: where's the science? BioScience 56 : 613 619.
40. Riley, S. P. D. 2006. Spatial ecology of bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park. The Journal of Wildlife Management 70 : 1425 1435.
41. Ruliffson, J. A., R. G. Haight, P. H. Gobster, and F. R. Homans. 2003. Metropolitan natural area protection to maximize public access and species representation. Environmental Science and Policy 6 : 291 299.
42. San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). 2004. 2030 Regional growth forecasts. SANDAG, San Diego, California. Available from http://www.sandag.org/ resources/demographics_and_other_data/demographics/forecasts/index.asp (accessed June 2007).
43. Sargeant, G., D. H. Johnson, and W. E. Berg. 1998. Interpreting carnivore scent-station surveys. Journal of Wildlife Management 62 : 1235 1245.
44. Saunders, D. A., R. J. Hobbs, and C. R. Margules. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conservation Biology 5 : 18 32.
45. Scott, J. M., F. W. Davis, G. McGhie, and C. Groves. 2001. Nature reserves: do they capture the full range of America's biodiversity? Ecological Applications 11 : 999 1007.
46. Soulé, M. E., A. C. Alberts, and D. T. Bolger. 1992. The effects of habitat fragmentation on Chaparral plants and vertebrates. Oikos 63 : 39 47.
47. Stenhouse, R. N. 2004. Fragmentation and internal disturbance of native vegetation reserves in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 : 389 401.
48. Sutherland, W. J. 1998. The importance of behavioural studies in conservation biology. Animal Behaviour 56 : 801 809.
49. Sutherland, W. J., and N. J. Crockford. 1993. Factors affecting the feeding distribution of Red-breasted Geese Branta ruficollis wintering in Romania. Biological Conservation 63 : 61 65.
50. Weaver, J. L., P. C. Paquet, and L. F. Ruggiero. 1996. Resilience and conservation of large carnivores in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology 10 : 964 976.
51. Westman, W. E. 1981. Diversity relationships and succession in Californian coastal sage scrub. Ecology 62 : 170 184.
52. Wilcove, D. S., D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. BioScience 48 : 607 615.
53. Woodroffe, R. 2000. Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores. Animal Conservation 3 : 165 173.