Electronic structure and imaging contrast of graphene moiré on metals

Scientific Reports

Volumn 3, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Voloshina, E N ^a   Fertitta, E ^a   Garhofer, A ^b   Mittendorfer, F ^b   Fonin, M ^c   Thissen, A ^d   Dedkov, Yu S ^d  

^a FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^b VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

^d SPECS SURFACE NANO ANALYSIS GMBH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872742802     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep01072     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Tontegode, A. Carbon on transition metal surfaces. Prog. Surf. Sci. 38, 201-429 (1991).
2. Wintterlin, J. & Bocquet, M. L. Graphene on metal surfaces. Surf. Sci. 603, 1841-1852 (2009).
3. Batzill, M. The surface science of graphene: Metal interfaces, CVD synthesis, nanoribbons, chemical modifications, and defects. Surf. Sci. Rep. 67, 83-115 (2012).
4. Dedkov, Y. S., Horn, K., Preobrajenski, A. & Fonin, M. in Graphene Nanoelectronics, ed. Raza, H. (Springer, Berlin, 2012).
5. Novoselov, K. et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197-200 (2005). (Pubitemid 41599867)
6. Zhang, Y., Tan, Y., Stormer, H. & Kim, P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berrys phase in graphene. Nature 438, 201-204 (2005). (Pubitemid 41599868)
7. Yu, Q. et al. Graphene segregated on Ni surfaces and transferred to insulators. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 113103 (2008).
8. Kim, K. S. et al. Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature 457, 706-710 (2009).
9. Li, X. et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science 324, 1312-1314 (2009).
10. Bae, S. et al. Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes. Nature Nanotech. 5, 574-578 (2010).
11. Voloshina, E. & Dedkov, Y. Graphene on metallic surfaces: problems and perspectives. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 13502-13514 (2012).
12. N'Diaye, A. T., Bleikamp, S., Feibelman, P. J. & Michely, T. Two-dimensional Ir cluster lattice on a graphene moire?on Ir(111). Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 215501 (2006).
13. N'Diaye, A. T. et al. A versatile fabrication method for cluster superlattices. New J. Phys. 11, 103045 (2009).
14. Sicot, M. et al. Size-selected epitaxial nanoislands underneath graphene moire?on Rh(111). ACS Nano 6, 151-158 (2012).
15. Marchini, S., Guenther, S. & Wintterlin, J. Scanning tunneling microscopy of graphene on Ru(0001). Phys. Rev. B 76, 075429 (2007).
16. Wang, B., Güther, S., Wintterlin, J. & Bocquet, M. L. Periodicity, work function and reactivity of graphene on Ru(0001) from first principles. New J. Phys. 12, 043041 (2010).
17. Altenburg, S. et al. Graphene on Ru(0001): contact formation and chemical reactivity on the atomic scale. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 236101 (2010).
18. Wang, B., Caffio, M., Bromley, C., Frühtl, H. & Schaub, R. Coupling epitaxy, chemical bonding, and work function at the local scale in transition metalsupported graphene. ACS Nano 4, 5773-5782 (2010).
19. Voloshina, E. N., Dedkov, Y. S., Torbrüge, S., Thissen, A. & Fonin, M. Graphene on Rh(111): scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopies studies. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241606 (2012).
20. Coraux, J. et al. Growth of graphene on Ir(111). New J. Phys. 11, 023006 (22pp) (2009).
21. Busse, C. et al. Graphene on Ir(111): physisorption with chemical modulation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 036101 (2011).
22. Starodub, E. et al. In-plane orientation effects on the electronic structure, stability, and Raman scattering of monolayer graphene on Ir(111). Phys. Rev. B 83, 125428 (2011).
23. Kralj, M. et al. Graphene on Ir(111) characterized by angle-resolved photoemission. Phys. Rev. B 84, 075427 (2011).
24. Pletikosic? Kralj, M., Milun, M. & Pervan, P. Finding the bare band: Electron coupling to two phonon modes in potassium-doped graphene on Ir(111). Phys. Rev. B 85, 155447 (2011).
25. Land, T.,Michely, T., Behm, R., Hemminger, J. & Comsa, G. STM investigation of single layer graphite structures produced on Pt(111) by hydrocarbon decomposition. Surf. Sci. 264, 261-270 (1992).
26. Sutter, P., Sadowski, J. & Sutter, E. Graphene on Pt(111): growth and substrate interaction. Phys. Rev. B 80, 245411 (2009).
27. Zhang, H. et al. Host-guest superstructures on graphene-based Kagome lattice. J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 11091 (2012).
28. Sicot, M. et al. Nucleation and growth of nickel nanoclusters on graphene Moiré on Rh(111). Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 093115 (2010).
29. Knudsen, J. et al. Clusters binding to the graphene moire?on Ir(111): X-ray photoemission compared to density functional calculations. Phys. Rev. B 85, 035407 (2012).
30. Feibelman, P. J. Pinning of graphene to Ir(111) by flat Ir dots. Phys. Rev. B 77, 165419 (2008).
31. Pletikosic? I. et al. Dirac Cones and Minigaps for Graphene on Ir(111). Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 056808 (2009).
32. N'Diaye, A. T., Coraux, J., Plasa, T. N., Busse, C. & Michely, T. Structure of epitaxial graphene on Ir(111). New J. Phys. 10, 043033 (2008).
33. Phark, S. et al. Direct observation of electron confinement in epitaxial graphene. ACS Nano 5, 8162-8166 (2011).
34. Hááánen, S. K. et al. Quantum-confined electronic states in atomically welldefined graphene nanostructures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 236803 (2011).
35. Subramaniam, D. et al.Wave-function mapping of graphene quantum dots with soft confinement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 046801 (2012).
36. Altenburg, S. J. et al. Local gating of an Ir(111) surface resonance by graphene islands. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 206805 (2012).
37. Sun, Z. et al. Topographic and electronic contrast of the graphene moire?on Ir(111) probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 83, 081415(R) (2011).
38. Tersoff, J. &Hamann, D. Theory of the scanning tunneling microscope. Phys. Rev. B 31, 805-813 (1985).
39. Vanpoucke, D. E. P. & Brocks, G. Formation of Pt-induced Ge atomic nanowires on Pt/Ge(001): A density functional theory study. Phys. Rev. B 77, 241308 (2008).
40. Voloshina, E. N. et al. Structural and electronic properties of the graphene/Al/Ni(111) intercalation system. New J. Phys. 13, 113028 (2011).
41. Castanié F., Nony, L., Gauthier, S. & Bouju, X. Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 3, 301-311 (2012).
42. Chan, T. L., Wang, C., Ho, K. & Chelikowsky, J. Efficient first-principles simulation of non-contact atomic force microscopy for structural analysis. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 176101 (2009).
43. Rafii-Tabar, H. & Mansoori, G. A. in Encyclipedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. X pp. 1-17 (2003).
44. Loske, F., Rahe, P. & Künle, A. Contrast inversion in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging of C60 molecules. Nanotechnology 20, 264010 (2009).
45. Ondrak, M. et al. Forces and currents in carbon nanostructures: Are we imaging atoms? Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 176101 (2011).
46. Boneschanscher, M. P. et al. Quantitative atomic resolution force imaging on epitaxial graphene with reactive and nonreactive AFM probes. ACS Nano 6, 10216-1022 (2012).
47. Blöhl, P. E. Projector augmented-wave method. Phys. Rev. B 50, 17953-17979 (1994).
48. Perdew, J., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865-3868 (1996). (Pubitemid 126631804)
49. Kresse, G. & Hafner, J. Norm-conserving and ultrasoft pseudopotentials for firstrow and transition elements. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6, 8245-8258 (1994).
50. Grimme, S. Semiempirical GGA-type density functional constructed with a longrange dispersion correction. J. Comput. Chem. 27, 1787-1799 (2006). (Pubitemid 44672561)
51. Neugebauer, J. & Scheffler, M. Adsorbate-substrate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions of Na and K adlayers on Al(111). Phys. Rev. B 46, 16067-16080 (1992).
52. Torbruegge, S., Schaff, O. & Rychen, J. Application of the KolibriSensor to combined atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic-force microscopy imaging. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28, C4E12 (2010).