Limitations, progress and prospects of application of biotechnological tools in improvement of bamboo-a plant with extraordinary qualities

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 21-41

  Singh, Sharbati R ^a,b   Singh, Rohtas ^a   Kalia, Sanjay ^c   Dalal, Sunita ^b   Dhawan, A K ^a,d   Kalia, Rajwant K ^a,e  

^a CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY   (India)

^c Department of Biotechnology ^*  (India)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANAGEMENT   (India)

^e CENTRAL ARID ZONE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (India)

Author keywords

Bamboos; Genetic fidelity; Micropropagation; Molecular markers; Phylogenetic relationships; Transformation and transgenics

Indexed keywords

AGROBACTERIUM; BAMBUSA; POACEAE; RHIZOBIUM;

EID: 84872142511     PISSN: 09715894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12298-012-0147-1     Document Type: Review

References (185)

1. Agnihotri RK, Nandi SK (2009) In vitro shoot cut: a high frequency multiplication and rooting method in bamboo Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Biotechnology 8: 259-263.
2. Agnihotri RK, Mishra J, Nandi SK (2009) Improved in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro: production of genetically uniform plants and field evaluation. Acta Physiol Plant 31: 961-967.
3. Ajithkumar D, Seeni S (1998) Rapid clonal multiplication through in vitro axillary shoots proliferation of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., a medicinal tree. Plant Cell Rep 17: 422-426.
4. Alexander MP, Rao TC (1968) In vitro culture of bamboo embryo. Curr Sci 37: 415.
5. Ansari SA, Kumar S, Palaniswamy K (1996) Peroxidase activity in relation to in vitro rhizogenesis and precocious flowering in Bambusa arundinacea. Curr Sci 71: 358-359.
6. Arshad SM, Kumar A, Bhatnagar SK (2005) Micropropagation of Bambusa wamin through shoot proliferation of mature nodal explants. J Biol Res 3: 59-66.
7. Arya ID, Arya S (1996) In vitro culture and establishment of exotic bamboo Dendrocalamus asper. Indian J Exp Biol 35: 1252-1255.
8. Arya S, Sharma S (1998) Micropropagation technology of Bambusa bambos through shoot proliferation. Indian Forester 124: 725-731.
9. Arya S, Sharma S, Kaur R, Arya ID (1999) Micropropagation of Dendrocalamus asper by shoot proliferation using seeds. Plant Cell Rep 18: 879-882.
10. Arya S, Satsangi R, Arya ID (2002a) Rapid mass multiplication of edible bamboo Dendrocalamus asper. J Sustain For 4: 103-109.
11. Arya ID, Rana PK, Satsangi R, Muzaffar FS, Sharma S, Arya S (2002b) Rapid and mass multiplication of bamboos through tissue culture techniques. In: Nandi SK, Palni LMS, Kumar GB (eds) Role of Plant Tissue Culture in Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Development. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, pp 29-39.
12. Arya S, Rana PK, Arya S (2005) Tissue culture studies on Bambusa polymorpha. In: Trivedi PC (ed) Advances in Biotechnology. Agrobios Jodhpur, India, pp 229-240.
13. Arya S, Rana PK, Sharma R, Arya ID (2006) Tissue culture technology for rapid multiplication of Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro. Indian Forester 3: 345-357.
14. Arya S, Satsangi R, Arya ID (2008) Large scale production of edible bamboo Dendrocalamus asper through somatic embryogenesis. J Am Bamboo Soc 21: 13-23.
15. Bag N, Chandra S, Palni LMS, Nandi SK (2000) Micropropagation of dev-ringal [Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro]-a temperate bamboo, and comparison between in vitro propagated plants and seedlings. Plant Sci 156: 125-135.
16. Bag N, Palni LMS, Chandra S, Nandi SK (2012) Somatic embryogenesis in 'Maggar' bamboo (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii) and field performance of regenerated plants. Curr Sci 102: 1279-1287.
17. Banerjee M, Saikat G, Pramanik BR (2011) A two step method for accelerated mass propagation of Dendrocalamus asper and their field evaluation. Physiol Mol Biol Plant 17: 387-393.
18. Banik RL, Alam MK (1987) A note on the flowering of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. Bano Biggyan Patrika 16: 25-29.
19. Barkley NA, Newman ML, Wang ML, Hotchkiss MW, Pederson GA (2005) Assessment of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of a temperate bamboo collection by using transferred EST-SSR markers. Genome 48: 731-737.
20. Bernier G, Havelange A, Hussa C, Petitjean A, Lejeune P (1993) Physiological signals that induce flowering. Plant Cell 5: 1147-1155.
21. Bisht P, Pant M, Kant A (2010) In vitro propagation of Gigantochloa atroviolaceae Widjaja through nodal explants. J Am Sci 6: 1019-1026.
22. Butenko RG, Lipsky AK, Chernyak ND, Arya HC (1984) Changes in the culture medium pH by cell suspension cultures of Dioscorea deltoidea. Plant Sci Lett 35: 207-212.
23. Bystriakova N, Kapos V, Lysenko I, Stapleton C (2003) Distribution and conservation status of forest bamboo biodiversity in the Asia Pacific region. Biodivers Conserv 12: 1833-1841.
24. Bystriakova N, Kapos V, Lysenko I (2004) Bamboo biodiversity. Africa, Madagascar and the Americas. UNEP-WCMC/INBAR.
25. Chambers SM, Heuch JHR, Pirrie A (1991) Micropropagation and in vitro flowering of the bamboo Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Munro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 27: 45-48.
26. Chang WC, Ho CW (1997) Micropropagation of bamboo. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 39, Hightech and micropropagation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 203-219.
27. Chang WC, Lan TH (1995) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from roots of bamboo (Bambusa beecheyana Munro Var beecheyana). J Plant Physiol 145: 535-538.
28. Chaturvedi HC, Sharma M, Sharma AK (1993) In vitro regeneration of Dendrocalamus strictus Nees through nodal segments taken from field grown culms. Plant Sci 91: 97-101.
29. Cheah KT, Chaille LC (2011) Somatic embryogenesis from mature Bambusa ventricosa. In: Biotechnology. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), Honolulu, pp 1-5.
30. Chen SY, Lin YT, Lin CW, Chen WY, Yang CH, Ku HM (2010) Transferability of rice SSR markers to bamboo. Euphytica 175: 23-33.
31. Chiu WB, Lin CH, Chang CJ, Hsieh MH, Wang AY (2006) Molecular characterization and expression of four cDNAs encoding sucrose synthase from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii. New Phytol 170: 53-63.
32. Das M, Pal A (2005a) In vitro regeneration of Bambusa balcooa Roxb.: factors affecting changes of morphogenetic competence in the axillary buds. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 81: 109-112.
33. Das M, Pal A (2005b) Clonal propagation and production of genetically uniform regenerants from axillary meristem of adult bamboo. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 14: 185-188.
34. Das P, Rout GR (1991) Mass multiplication and flowering of bamboo in vitro. Orissa J Hort 19: 118-121.
35. Das P, Rout GR (1994) Analysis of current methods and approaches on the micropropagation of bamboo. Proc Natl Acad Sci (India) LXIV B Biol Sci 64: 235-246.
36. Das M, Bhattacharya S, Pal A (2005) Generation and characterization of SCARs by cloning and sequencing of RAPD products: a strategy for species-specific marker development in Bamboo. Ann Bot 95: 835-841.
37. Das M, Bhattacharya S, Basak J, Pal A (2007) Phylogenetic relationships among the bamboo species as revealed by morphological characters and polymorphism analyses. Biol Plant 51: 667-672.
38. Dayan MP (1988) Survey, identification and pathogenicity of pests and diseases of bamboos in the Philippines. Sylvatrop, The Philippine. Forest Res J 13: 61-77.
39. DBT (2009-10) DBT Annual Report 2009-10. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, p 61. http://dbtindia. nic. in/annualreports/DBT-An-Re-2009-10. pdf.
40. Dekkers AJ, Rao AN (1989) Tissue culture of four bamboo genera. In: Rao AN, Yusoff AM (eds) Tissue Culture of Forest Species, FRIM/IDRC: 89-90.
41. Diab EEE, Mohamed SE (2008) In vitro morphogenesis and plant regeneration of bamboos (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. Rich. Munro). Int J Sustain Crop Prod 3: 72-79.
42. Dong WJ, Wu MD, Lin Y, Zhou MB, Tang DQ (2011) Evaluation of 15 caespitose bamboo EST-SSR markers for cross-species/genera transferability and ability to identify interspecies hybrids. Plant Breed 130: 596-600.
43. Filgueiras TS, Goncalves APS (2004) A checklist of the basal grasses and bamboos in Brazil. Bamboo Sci Cult 18: 7-18.
44. Friar E, Kochert G (1991) Bamboo germplasm screening with nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Theor Appl Genet 82: 697-703.
45. Friar E, Kochert G (1994) A study of genetic variation and evolution of Phyllostachys (bambusoideae: poaceae) using nuclear markers. Theor Appl Genet 89: 265-270.
46. Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima L (1968) Nutrient requirement of suspension culture of Soybean. Exp Cell Res 50: 151-158.
47. Ghosh S, Devi SW, Mandi S, Talukdar NC (2011) Amplified fragment length polymorphism based study of phylogenetic relationship and genetic variability among some edible bamboo species of North-East India. J Plant Mol Biol Biotechnol 2: 8-15.
48. Gielis J (1998) Upstream fundamental research in bamboo-possibilities and directions. Keynote lecture at Vth International Bamboo Congress, San Jose, Costa Rica. http://www. bamboonetwork. org/downloads/gielis03. pdf.
49. Gielis J, Everaert I, De Loose M (1997) Genetic variability and relationships in Phyllostachys using random amplified polymorphic DNA. In: Chapman GP (ed) The bamboos, vol 19, Linnean Society Symposium. Academic, London, pp 107-124.
50. Gillis K, Gielis J, Peeters H, Dhooghe E, Oprins J (2007) Somatic embryogenesis from mature Bambusa balcooa Roxb as basis for mass production of elite forestry bamboos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 91: 115-123.
51. Godbole S, Sood A, Thakur R, Sharma M, Ahuja PS (2002) Somatic embryogenesis and its conversion into plantlets in a multipurpose bamboo, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro. Curr Sci 83: 885-889.
52. Hassan AAE, Debergh P (1987) Embryogenesis and plantlet development in the bamboo Phyllostachys viridis (Young) McClure. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 10: 73-77.
53. Hempel FD, Weigel D, Mandel MA, Ditta G, Zambryski PC, Feldman LJ, Yanofsky MF (1997) Floral determination and expression of floral regulatory genes in Arabidopsis. Development 124: 3845-3853.
54. Heng HP, Yeho HH, Tan CKC, Rao AN (1996) Leaf isozyme polymorphisms in bamboo species. J Singap Nat Acad Sci 22: 10-14.
55. Heylen C, Vendrig JC (1988) The influence of different cytokinins and auxins on flower neoformation in thin cell layers of Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Cell Physiol 29: 665-671.
56. Hirimburegama K, Gamage N (1995) Propagation of Bambusa vulgaris (yellow bamboo) through nodal bud culture. J Hortic Sci 70: 469-475.
57. Ho CW, Chang WC (1998) In vitro flowering of albino bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii Munro) regenerants derived from an eleven-year old embryogenic cell line. Acta Horticult 461: 433-438.
58. Hodkinson TR, Renvoize SA, Chonghaile GN, Stapleton CMA, Chase MW (2000) A comparison of ITS nuclear rDNA sequence data and AFLP markers for phylogenetic studies in Phyllostachys (bambusoideae, poaceae). J Plant Res 113: 259-269.
59. Hsu YH, Annamalai P, Lin CS, Chen YY, Chang WC, Lin NS (2000) A sensitive method for detecting bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) and establishment of BaMV-free meristem tip cultures. Plant Pathol 49: 101-107.
60. Hu SL, Cao Y, Huang SX, Sun X, Lu XQ, Jiang Y (2009) Cloning and bioinformation analysis of 4CL gene in Neosinocalamus affinis. J Northwest A F Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 37: 204-210.
61. Hu S, Zhou J, Cao Y, Lu X, Duan N, Ren P, Chen K (2011) In vitro callus induction and plant regeneration from mature seed embryo and young shoots in a giant sympodial bamboo, Dendrocalamus farinosus (Keng et Keng f.) Chia et H. L. Fungal Afr J Biotechnol 10: 3210-3215.
62. Huang LC, Huang BL (1995) Loss of species distinguishing trait among regenerated Bambusa ventricosa McClure plants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 42: 109-111.
63. Huang L, Murashige T (1983) Tissue culture of bamboo. Bot Bull Acad Sin 24: 31-52.
64. Huang LC, Huang BL, Chen WL (1989) Tissue culture investigations of bamboo-IV. Organogenesis leading to adventitious shoots and plants in excised shoot apices. Environ Exp Bot 19: 307-315.
65. Huttley GA, McRae AF, Clegg MT (1995) Molecular evolution of the Ac/Ds transposable element family in pearl millet and other grasses. Genetics 139: 1411-1419.
66. Isagi Y, Shimada K, Kushima H, Tanaka N, Ishikawa T, Onodera H, Watanabe S (2004) Clonal structure and flowering traits of a bamboo [Phyllostachys pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi] stand grown from a simultaneous flowering as revealed by AFLP analysis. Mol Ecol 13: 2017-2021.
67. Janzen DH (1976) Why bamboos wait so long to flower? Annu Rev Ecol Syst 7: 347-391.
68. Jie YG, Sheng W, Yan LQ, Ping CZ, Bao SL, Jun HZ, Liang J, Yin XZ, Xun NMA, Jiang LF (2007) Genome size and sequence composition of moso bamboo: a comparative study. Sci China Ser C Life Sci 50: 1-6.
69. Jimenez VM, Castillo J, Tavares E, Guevara E, Montiel M (2006) In vitro propagation of the neotropical giant bamboo, Guadua angustifolia Kunth, through axillary shoot proliferation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 86: 389-395.
70. John CK, Nadgauda RS (1999) In vitro-induced flowering in bamboos. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 35: 309-315.
71. Joshi M, Nadgauda RS (1997) Cytokinins and in vitro induction of flowering in bamboo: Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Wild. Curr Sci 73: 523-526.
72. Judziewicz EJ, Clark LG, Londono X, Stern MJ (1999) American Bamboos. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
73. Jullien F, van KTT (1994) Micropropagation and embryoid formation from young leaves of Bambusa glaucescens golden goddess. Plant Sci 98: 199-207.
74. Kalia S, Kalia RK, Sharma SK (2004) In vitro regeneration of an indigenous bamboo (Bambusa nutans) from internode and leaf explant. J Bamboo Rattan 3: 217-228.
75. Kalia RK, Singh R, Singh SR, Mishra GP, Rai MK, Dhawan AK (2011a) Biotechnological interventions in sea buckthorn (Hippophae L.)-current status and future prospects. Trees Struct Funct 25: 559-575.
76. Kalia RK, Rai MK, Kalia S, Singh R, Dhawan AK (2011b) Microsatellite markers: an overview of the recent progress in plants. Euphytica 177: 309-334.
77. Kanyaratt S (1991) In vitro culture of some economic bamboos. Dissertation in Thailand. M. Sc. Thesis, Kesetsart University, pp 266.
78. Kapoor P, Rao IU (2006) In vitro rhizome induction and plantlet formation from multiple shoots in Bambusa bambos var. gigantea Bennet and Gaur by using growth regulators and sucrose. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 85: 211-217.
79. Kelchner SA, Clark LG (1997) Molecular evolutions and phylogenetic utility of the chloroplast rpl 16 intron in Chusquea and Bambusiodeae (Poaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 8: 385-397.
80. Keukeleire PD, Schepper SD, Gielis J, Gerats T (2004) A PCR-based assay to detect hAT-like transposon sequences in plants. Chromosom Res 12: 117-223.
81. Kobayashi M (1997) Phylogeny of world bamboos analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA. In: Chapman GP (ed) The Bamboos. Linean Society Symposium Series. Linean Society of London, UK, pp 61-81.
82. Komatsu YH, Batagin-Piotto KD, Brondani GE, Gonclaves AN, Almeida MD (2011) In vitro morphogenic response of leaf sheath of Phyllostachys bambusoides. J For Res 22: 209-215.
83. Kumar MS, Mathur J (1992) Artificial seed production in the male bamboo Dendrocalamaus strictus L. Plant Sci 87: 109-113.
84. Lai CC, Hsiao JY (1997) Genetic variation of Phyllostachys pubescens (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Taiwan based on DNA polymorphisms. Bot Bull Academia Sinica 38: 145-152.
85. Li XP, Gao ZM, Peng ZH, Yue YD, Gao J, Cai CJ, Mou SH (2007) Cloning and characterization of COMT gene from Bambusa oldhamii. For Res 20: 722-725.
86. Lin CS, Chang WC (1998) Micropropagation of Bambusa edulis through nodal explants of field-grown culms and flowering of regenerated plantlets. Plant Cell Rep 17: 617-620.
87. Lin CS, Lin CC, Chang WC (2003) In vitro flowering of Bambusa edulis and subsequent plantlet survival. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 72: 71-78.
88. Lin CS, Lin CC, Chang WC (2004) Effect of thidiazuron on vegetative tissue-derived somatic embryogenesis and flowering of bamboo Bambusa edulis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 76: 75-82.
89. Lin CS, Lin CC, Chang WC (2005) Shoot regeneration, re-flowering and post flowering survival in bamboo inflorescence culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 82: 243-249.
90. Lin CS, Lai YH, Sun CW, Liu NT, Tsay HS, Chang WC, Jeremy JW (2006) Identification of ESTs differentially expressed in green and albino mutant bamboo (Bambusa edulis) by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and microarray analysis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 86: 169-175.
91. Lin CS, Kalpana K, Chang WC, Lin NS (2007a) Improving multiple shoot proliferation in bamboo mosaic virus-free Bambusa oldhamii Munro propagation by liquid culture. Hortic Sci 42: 1243-1246.
92. Lin CS, Liang CJ, Hsaio HW, Lin MJ, Chang WC (2007b) In vitro flowering of green and albino Dendrocalamus latiflorus. New Forest 34: 177-186.
93. Lin XC, Ruan XS, Lou YF, Guo XQ, Fang W (2009) Genetic similarity among cultivars of Phyllostachys pubescens. Plant Syst Evol 277: 67-73.
94. Lin X, Lou Y, Zhang Y, Yuan X, He J, Fang W (2011) Identification of genetic diversity among cultivars of Phyllostachys violascens using ISSR, SRAP and AFLP markers. Bot Rev 77: 223-232.
95. Loh JP, Kiew R, Set O, Gan LH, Gan YY (2000) A study of genetic variation and relationships within the Bamboo subtribe Bambusinae using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Ann Bot 85: 607-612.
96. Maity S, Ghosh A (1997) Efficient plant regeneration from seeds and nodal segments of Dendrocalamus strictus using in vitro technique. Indian Forester 4: 313-318.
97. Marulanda ML, Marquez P, Londono X (2002) AFLP analysis of Guadua angustifolia (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in Columbia with emphasis on the coffee region. J Am Bamboo Soc 16: 32-42.
98. Marulanda ML, Lopez AM, Claroz JL (2007) Analyzing the genetic diversity of Guadua spp. in Colombia using rice and sugarcane microsatellites. Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol 7: 43-51.
99. Mehta U, Rao IVR, Ram HYM (1982) Somatic embryogenesis in bamboo. Plant Tissue Culture. In: Fujiwara A (ed) Jpn. Assoc. Proc 5th Intl Cong Plant Tiss Cell Cult pp 109-110.
100. Mehta R, Sharma V, Sood A, Sharma M, Sharma RK (2011) Induction of somatic embryogenesis and analysis of genetic fidelity of in vitro derived plantlets of Bambusa nutans Wall. using AFLP markers. Eur J Forest Res 130: 729-736.
101. Mishra Y, Rana PK, Shirin F, Ansari SA (2001) Augmenting in vitro shoot multiplication by vipul (triacontanol) and adventitious rhizogenesis by rice bran extract in Dendrocalamus strictus. Indian J Exp Biol 39: 165-169.
102. Mishra Y, Patel PK, Yadav S, Shirin F, Ansari SA (2008) A micropropagation system for cloning of Bambusa tulda Roxb. Sci Hortic 115: 315-318.
103. Mishra Y, Patel P, Ansari SA (2011) Acclimatization and macroproliferation of micropropagated plants of Bambusa tulda Roxb. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2: 498-501.
104. Mudoi KD, Borthakur M (2009) In vitro micropropagation of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. through nodal explants from field-grown culms and scope for upscaling. Curr Sci 96: 962-966.
105. Mukherjee AK, Ratha S, Dhar S, Debata AK, Acharya PK, Mandal S, Panda PC, Mohapatra (2010) Genetic relationships among 22 taxa of bamboo revealed by ISSR and EST-based random primers. Biochem Genet 48: 1015-1025.
106. Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assay with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant 15: 473-497.
107. Nadgauda RS, John CK, Masearenhas AF (1990) Precocious flowering and seedling behaviour in tissue cultured bamboos. Nature 344: 355-356.
108. Nadgauda RS, John CK, Mascarenhas AF (1993) Floral biology and breeding behavior in the bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus Nees. Tree Physiol 13: 401-408.
109. Nadgauda RS, John CK, Joshi MS, Masearenhas AF (1997) A comparison of in vitro with in vivo flowering in bamboo; Bambusa arundinacea. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 48: 181-188.
110. Nadgir AL, Phadke CH, Gupta PK, Parasharami VA, Nair S, Mascarenhas AF (1984) Rapid multiplication of bamboo by tissue culture. Silvae Genet 33: 219-223.
111. Nadha HK, Kumar R, Sharma RK, Anand M, Sood A (2011) Evaluation of clonal fidelity of in vitro raised plants of Guadua angustifolia Kunth using DNA-based markers. J Med Plants Res 5: 5636-5641.
112. Nayak S, Rout GR (2005) Characterization of microsatellites in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos. Z Naturforsch 60c: 605-610.
113. Nayak S, Rout GR, Das P (2003) Evaluation of the genetic variability in bamboo using RAPD markers. Plant Soil Environ 49: 24-28.
114. Negi D, Saxena S (2010) Ascertaining clonal fidelity of tissue culture raised plants of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. using inter simple sequence repeat markers. New For 40: 1-8.
115. Negi D, Saxena S (2011) In vitro propagation of Bambusa nutans Wall. ex Munro through axillary shoot proliferation. Plant Biotechnol Rep 5: 35-43.
116. Nitsch JP, Nitsch C (1969) Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 163: 85-87.
117. Nurul Islam SAM, Rahman MM (2005) Micro-cloning in commercially important six bamboo species for mass propagation and at large scale cultivation. Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 15: 103-111.
118. Ogita S (2005) Callus and cell suspension culture of bamboo plant, Phyllostachys nigra. Plant Biotechnol 22: 119-125.
119. Ogita S, Kashiwagi H, Kato Y (2008) In vitro node culture of seedlings in bamboo plant, Phyllostachys meyeri Mcclure. Plant Biotechnol 25: 381-385.
120. Ogita S, Kikuchi N, Nomura T, Kato Y (2011) A practical protocol for particle bombardment-mediated transformation of Phyllostachys bamboo suspension cells. Plant Biotechnol 28: 43-50.
121. Ojha A, Verma N, Kumar A (2009) In vitro micropropagation of economically important edible bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) through somatic embryos from root, leaves and nodal segments explants. Res Crops 10: 430-436.
122. Peng Z, Lu T, Li L, Liu X, Gao Z, Hu T, Yang X, Feng Q, Guan J, Weng Q, Fan D, Zhu C, Lu Y, Han B, Jiang Z (2010) Genome-wide characterization of the biggest grass, bamboo, based on 10, 608 putative full-length cDNA sequences. BMC Plant Biol 10: 116.
123. Prutpongse, Gavintertvatana (1992) In vitro micropropagation of 54 species from 15 genera of bamboo. Hortic Sci 27: 453-454.
124. Qiang Z, Yu-long D, Chen X, Hui-yu Z, Min-ren H, Ming-xiu W (2005) A preliminary analysis of phylogenetic relationships of Arundinaria and related genera based on nucleotide sequences of nrDNA (ITS region) and cpDNA (trnL-F intergenic spacer). J For Res 16: 5-8.
125. Ramanayake SMSD, Wanniarachchi WAVR (2003) Organogenesis in callus derived from an adult giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro). Sci Hortic 98: 195-200.
126. Ramanayake SMSD, Yakandawala K (1997) Micropropagation of the giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) from nodal explants of field grown culms. Plant Sci 129: 213-223.
127. Ramanayake SMSD, Yakandawala K, Nilmini Deepika PKD, Ikbal MCM (1995) Studies on Micropropagation of Dendrocalamus gigateus and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata. In: Bamboo, People and The Environment, vol. 1. Propagation and Management. INBAR Tech Rep 8: 75-85.
128. Ramanayake SMSD, Wanniarachchi WAVR, Tennakoon TMA (2001) Axillary shoot proliferation and in vitro flowering in an adult giant bamboo, Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37: 667-671.
129. Ramanayake SMSD, Meemaduma VN, Weerawardene TE (2006) In vitro shoot proliferation and enhancement of rooting for the large-scale propagation of yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris 'Striata'). Sci Hortic 110: 109-113.
130. Ramanayake SMSD, Meemaduma VN, Weerawardene TE (2007) Genetic diversity and relationships between nine species of bamboo in Sri Lanka, using random amplified polymorphic DNA. Syst Evol 269: 55-61.
131. Rao IVR, Rao IU (1990) Tissue culture approaches to the mass propagation and genetic improvement of bamboos. In: Rao IVR, Gnanaharan R, Sastry CB (eds) Bamboo current research, Proc Intl Bamboo Workshop, 14-18 Nov 1988. KFRI Peechi and IDRC Canada, Cochin, pp 151-158.
132. Rao U, Rao IVR, Narang V (1985) Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of plants in the bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus. Plant Cell Rep 4: 191-194.
133. Rao IVR, Gnanaharan R, Sastry CB (1990) Bamboo: Current Research. Kerala Forest Res. Inst, Peechi and IDRC, Singapore.
134. Rathore TS, Kabade U, Jagadish MR, Somashekar PV, Viswanath S (2009) Micropropagation and evaluation of growth performance of the selected industrially important bamboo species in southern India. In: Proc 8th World Bamboo Cong Lucas S (ed) Bankok, Thailand p 41-55.
135. Ravikumar R, Ananthakrishnan G, Kathiravan K, Ganapathi A (1998) In vitro shoot propagation of Dendrocalamus strictus Nees. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 52: 189-192.
136. Rout GR, Das P (1994) Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro flowering in 3 species of bamboo. Plant Cell Rep 13: 683-686.
137. Sanjaya, Rathore TS, Rai VR (2005) Micropropagation of Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii Munro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 41: 333-337.
138. Satsangi R, Kalia S, Arya ID, Arya S (2001) Flowering in exotic bamboo Dendrocalamus asper in India. Indian Forester 127: 1053-1057.
139. Saxena S (1990) In vitro propagation of the bamboo (Bambusa tulda Roxb.) through shoot proliferation. Plant Cell Rep 9: 431-434.
140. Saxena S, Bhojwani SS (1993) In vitro clonal multiplication of 4-year-old plants of the bamboo, Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 29: 135-142.
141. Saxena S, Dhawan V (1994) Micropropagation research in south Asia. Constraints to production of bamboo and rattan. INBAR Technol Rep 5: 101-113.
142. Saxena S, Dhawan V (1999) Regeneration and large-scale propagation of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus Nees) through somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Rep 18: 438-443.
143. Schenk RU, Hildebrandt AC (1972) Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Can J Bot 50: 199-204.
144. Scott TK (1972) Auxins and roots. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 23: 235-258.
145. Sharma RK, Gupta P, Sharma V, Sood A, Mohapatra T, Ahuja PS (2008) Evaluation of rice and sugarcane SSR markers for phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses in bamboo. Genome 51: 91-103.
146. Sharma V, Bhardwaj P, Kumar R, Sharma RK, Sood A, Ahuja PS (2009) Identification and cross-species amplification of EST derived SSR markers in different bamboo species. Conserv Genet 10: 721-724.
147. Shirgurkar MV, Thengane SR, Insiya S, Poonawala J, Nadgauda RS, Mascarenhas AF (1996) A simple in vitro method of propagation and rhizome formation in Dendrocalamus strictus Nees. Curr Sci 70: 940-944.
148. Shirin F, Rana PK (2007) In vitro plantlet regeneration from nodal explants of field-grown culms in Bambusa glaucescens Willd. Plant Biotechnol Rep 1: 141-147.
149. Singh M, Jaiswal U, Jaiswal VS (2000) Thidiazuron induced in vitro flowering in Dendrocalamus strictus Nees. Curr Sci 79: 1529-1530.
150. Singh M, Jaiswal U, Jaiswal VS (2001) Thidiazuron-induced shoot multiplication and plant regeneration in bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus Nees). J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 10: 133-137.
151. Singh SR, Dalal S, Singh R, Dhawan AK, Kalia RK (2011) Micropropagation of Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. F. Backer ex K Heyne): an exotic edible bamboo. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 21: 220-228.
152. Singh SR, Dalal S, Singh R, Dhawan AK, Kalia RK (2012a) Seasonal influences on in vitro bud break in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Arn. ex Munro nodal explants and effect of culture microenvironment on large scale shoot multiplication and plantlet regeneration. Indian J Plant Physiol 17: 9-21.
153. Singh SR, Dalal S, Singh R, Dhawan AK, Kalia RK (2012b) Evaluation of genetic fidelity of in vitro raised plants of Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. F.) Backer ex K. Heyne using DNA-based markers. Acta Physiol Plant doi: 10. 1007/s11738-012-1084-x.
154. Sood A, Palni LMS, Sharma M, Sharma OP (1994) Micropropagation of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Munro using single node cutting taken from elite seedling plants. In: Proc Intl Bamboo Workshop Bamboo Asia Pacific, 27th to 30th Nov 1991, Chiangmai, Thailand, p 165-168.
155. Sood A, Ahuja PS, Sharma M, Sharma OP, Godbole S (2002) In vitro protocols and field performance of elites of an important bamboo Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 71: 55-63.
156. Sun Y, Xia NH, Stapleton MA (2006) Relationships between Bambusa species (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Biochem Syst Ecol 34: 417-423.
157. Suyama Y, Obayashi K, Hayashi I (2000) Clonal structure in a dwarf bamboo (Sasa senanensis) population inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints. Mol Ecol 9: 901-906.
158. Tang DQ, Lu JJ, Fang W, Zhang S, Zhou MB (2010) Development, characterization and utilization of gene bank microsatellite markers in Phyllostachys pubescens and related species. Mol Breed 25: 299-311.
159. Teixeira da Silva JAT, Nhut DT (2003) Thin cell layers and floral morphogenesis, floral genetics and in vitro flowering. In: Nhut DT, Le BV, van TT, Thorpe T (eds) Thin Cell Layer Culture System: Regeneration and Transformation Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 285-342.
160. Thiruvengadam M, Rekha KT, Chung IM (2011) Rapid in vitro micropropagation of Bambusa oldhamii Munro. Philipp Agric Sci 94: 7-13.
161. Tian B, Chen Y, Li D, Yan Y (2006) Cloning and characterization of a bamboo Leafy Hull Sterile1 homologous gene. Mitochondrial DNA 17: 143-151.
162. Torrey JG (1976) Root hormones and plant growth. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 27: 435-459.
163. Tsay HS, Yeh CC, Hsu JY (1990) Embryogenesis and plant regeneration from another culture of bamboo (Sinocalamus latiflora (Munro) McClure). Plant Cell Rep 9: 349-351.
164. van Tran Thanh M (1973) In vitro control of de novo flower, bud, root and callus differentiation from excised epidermal tissues. Nature 446: 44-45.
165. Verma RK, Arya ID (1998) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates and organic manure on growth and mycorrhization of micropropagated Dendrocalamus asper plantlets and on spore production in their rhizosphere. Mycorrhiza 8: 113-116.
166. Vongvijitra R (1988) Bamboo - Current Research. In: Proc. Int. Bamboo Workshop. FRI, Kerela and IDRC, Canada, p 148.
167. Wang K, Peng H, Lin E, Jin Q, Hua X, Yao S, Bian H, Han N, Pan J, Wang J, Deng M, Zhu M (2010) Identification of genes related to the development of bamboo rhizome bud. J Exp Bot 61: 551-561.
168. Watanable M, Ito M, Kurita S (1994) Chloroplast DNA phylogeny of Asian bamboos (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) and its systematic implication. J Plant Res 107: 253-261.
169. Watanable Y, Sawa Y, Nagaoka N, Kozai T (2000) A new micropropagation system for Pleioblastus pygmaeus Nakai. In: Proc Int Symp Royal Project Foundation. Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2-4 August, p 94-101.
170. Werner T, Motyka V, Strnad M, Schmulling T (2001) Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98: 10487-10492.
171. Wiersma R (2008) Bioluminescent Bamboo. Newsl South Calif Chap Am Bamboo Soc 18: 2-5.
172. Woods SH, Philips GC, Woods JE, Collins GB (1992) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from zygotic embryo explants in Mexican weeping bamboo, Otatea acuminata Aztecorum. Plant Cell Rep 11: 257-261.
173. Xuhe C (2003) Promotion of bamboo for poverty alleviation and economic development. J Bamboo Rattan 2: 345.
174. Yashoda R, Sumathi R, Mallinga P, Gurunurthi K (1997) Genetic enhancement and mass production of quality propagaules of Bambusa nutans and Dendrocalamus membranaceus. Indian Forester 4: 303-306.
175. Yashoda R, Kamala S, Kumar ASP, Kumar PD, Kalaiarasi K (2007) Effect of glucose on in vitro rooting of mature plants of Bambusa nutans. Sci Hortic 110: 109-113.
176. Yeh ML, Chang WC (1986a) Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in callus culture of green bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii Munro). Theor Appl Genet 73: 161-163.
177. Yeh ML, Chang WC (1986b) Somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration from inflorescence callus of Bambusa beecheyana Munro var. beecheyana. Plant Cell Rep 5: 409-411.
178. Yeh ML, Chang WC (1987) Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in mature embryo-derived callus culture of Sinocalamus latiflora (Munro) McClure. Plant Sci 51: 93-96.
179. Yu JK, Rota ML, Kantety RV, Sorrells ME (2004) EST derived SSR markers for comparative mapping in wheat and rice. Mol Genet Genomics 271: 742-751.
180. Zamora AB, Gruezo SS (1990) Embryo cell of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus Nees). Philipp Agric 73: 199-206.
181. Zamora AB, Gruezo SS, Damasco OP (1989) Callus induction and plant regeneration from internode tissues of Dendrocalamus latiflorus cv Machiku. In: Rao AN, Yusoff AM (eds) Proc Seminar Tiss Cult Forest Sp. FRI Malaysia and IDRC, Singapore, pp 76-82.
182. Zhang YJ, Ma PF, Li DZ (2011a) High-throughput sequencing of six bamboo chloroplast genomes: Phylogenetic implications for temperate woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). PLoS One 6(5): e20596.
183. Zhang HY, Yang YM, Liu XZ (2011b) Bamboo species relations revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphism of chloroplast DNA. Afr J Agric Res 6: 1241-1245.
184. Zhi-jun Z, Zhi-jun G, Li Y, Li Y, Shu-ping L (2011) Analysis of SSRs information and development of SSR markers from Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) ESTs. Acta Hortic Sin 38: 989-996.
185. Zhou MB, Liu XM, Tang DQ (2011) Transposable elements in Phyllostachys pubescens (Poaceae) genome survey sequences and the full length cDNA sequences, and their association with simple sequence repeats. Genet Mol Res 10: 3026-3037.