Quantitative assessments of the Martian hydrosphere

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 174, Issue 1-4, 2013, Pages 155-212

  Lasue, Jeremie ^a   Mangold, Nicolas ^b   Hauber, Ernst ^c   Clifford, Steve ^d   Feldman, William ^e   Gasnault, Olivier ^a   Grima, Cyril ^f   Maurice, Sylvestre ^a   Mousis, Olivier ^a,g  

^a IRAP   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES   (France)

^c GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^d LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCHE COMTÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Cryosphere; Hydrosphere; Mars; Planetary Sciences; Water

Indexed keywords

CRYOSPHERE; CURRENT ESTIMATES; DEEP-PENETRATING RADARS; EQUIVALENT LAYER; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; GEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; HYDROSPHERE; LIQUID WATER; MARS; PLANETARY SCIENCE; POTENTIAL LOSS; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENTS; SUBSURFACE WATERS; SURFACE FEATURE; THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; WATER INVENTORY;

PLANETS; WATER;

RESERVOIRS (WATER);

EID: 84871780354     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: 15729672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-012-9946-5     Document Type: Article

References (402)

1. O. Abramov, D.A. Kring, J. Geophys. Res. (2005). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002453 (Pubitemid 43180502)
2. D.M. Anderson, L.W. Gatto, F.C. Ugolini, Antarct. J. U.S. 7, 114 (1972)
3. J.C. Andrews-Hanna, R.J. Phillips, J. Geophys. Res. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006JE002881 (Pubitemid 47604097)
4. V. Ansan, N. Mangold, Planet. Space Sci. 54, 219 (2006)
5. V. Ansan, N. Mangold, P. Masson, E. Gailhardis, G. Neukum, J. Geophys. Res. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2007JE002986
6. V. Ansan et al., Icarus 211, 273 (2011)
7. C.B. Atkins, P.J. Barrett, S.R. Hicock, Geology 30, 659 (2002)
8. V.R. Baker, Nature 412, 228 (2001)
9. V.R. Baker, D.J. Milton, Icarus 23, 27 (1979)
10. V.R. Baker, D.J. Milton, Nature 352, 589 (1991)
11. V.R. Baker, M.H. Carr, V.C. Gulick, C.R. Williams, M.S. Marley, in Mars, ed. by H.H. Kieffer, B.M. Jakosky, C.W. Snyder, M. Matthews (University Arizona Press, Tucson, 1992), pp. 493-522
12. M.R. Balme, N. Mangold, D. Baratoux, F. Costard, M. Gosselin, P. Masson, P. Pinet, G. Neukum, J. Geophys. Res. (2006). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002607 (Pubitemid 44018662)
13. M.R. Balme, C.J. Gallagher, D.P. Page, J.B. Murray, J.P. Muller, Icarus 200, 30 (2009)
14. S. Barabash, A. Fedorov, R. Lundin, J.A. Sauvaud, Science 315, 501 (2007)
15. D. Baratoux, C. Delacourt, P. Allemand, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2002). doi: 10.1029/2001GL013779
16. N.G. Barlow, T.L. Bradley, Icarus 87, 156 (1990)
17. B. Beeskow-Strauch, J.M. Schicks, E. Spangenberg, J. Erzinger, Chemistry (2011). doi: 10.1002/chem.201003262
18. D.I. Benn, D.J.A. Evans, Glaciers and Glaciation (Edward Arnold, London, 1998)
19. J. Bennett, S. Shostak, Life in the Universe (Pearson Education, San Francisco, 2007)
20. D.C. Berman, W.K. Hartmann, Icarus 159, 1 (2002)
21. J.P. Bibring et al., Science 312, 400 (2006)
22. A.B. Binder, M.A. Lange, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 3194 (1980)
23. J.G. Bockheim, K.J. Hall, South Afr. J. Sci. 98, 82 (2002)
24. J.G. Bockheim, C. Tarnocai, in Proc. Int. Conf. Permafrost 7 (1998), p. 57
25. S. Bouley, R.A. Craddock, N. Mangold, V. Ansan, Icarus 207, 686 (2010)
26. W.V. Boynton et al., Science 297, 81 (2002)
27. W.V. Boynton, G.J. Taylor, S. Karunatillake, R.C. Reedy, J.M. Keller, in The Martian Surface: Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties, ed. by J. Bell (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008), pp. 105-124
28. W.V. Boynton et al., Science 325, 61 (2009)
29. G.W. Brass, Icarus 42, 20 (1980)
30. J. Brown, O.J. Ferrians, J.A. Heginbottom, E.S. Melnikov, Circum-arctic map of permafrost and ground ice conditions: International Permafrost Association, ed., scale 1:10,000,000, U.S. Geol. Survey, Circum-Pacific Map Series, Map CP-45 (1997)
31. D.M. Burr, A.S. McEwen, S.E.H. Sakimoto, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2002a). doi: 10.1029/2001GL0013345
32. D.M. Burr, J.A. Grier, A.S. McEwen, L.P. Keszthelyi, Icarus 159, 53 (2002b)
33. S. Byrne, B.C. Murray, J. Geophys. Res. (2002). doi: 10.1029/2001JE001615
34. S. Byrne et al., Science 325, 1674 (2009)
35. N.A. Cabrol, E.A. Grin, Icarus 142, 160 (1999)
36. N.A. Cabrol, E.A. Grin, Icarus 149, 291 (2001)
37. N.A. Cabrol, E.A. Grin, Glob. Planet. Change 35, 199 (2003)
38. M.J. Campbell, J. Ulrichs, J. Geophys. Res. (1969). doi: 10.1029/JB074i025p05867
39. M.H. Carr, J. Geophys. Res. 84(B6), 2995 (1979)
40. M.H. Carr, in The Geology of Terrestrial Planets, ed. by M.H. Carr (1981), pp. 207-263. NASA Spec. Pub. SP-469, Washington
41. M.H. Carr, Icarus 68, 187 (1986)
42. M.H. Carr, Water on Mars (Oxford University Press, New York, 1996)
43. M.H. Carr, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 21897 (1999)
44. M.H. Carr, F.C. Chuang, J. Geophys. Res. 102(E4), 9145 (1997)
45. M.H. Carr, G.D. Clow, Icarus 48, 91 (1981)
46. M.H. Carr, J.W. Head III, J. Geophys. Res. (2003). doi: 10.1029/2002JE001963
47. M.H. Carr, G.G. Schaber, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 4039 (1977)
48. L.M. Carter, F. Poulet, Icarus 219, 250 (2012)
49. L.M. Carter et al., Icarus 199, 295 (2009)
50. Y. Cedillo-Flores, A.H. Treiman, J. Lasue, S.M. Clifford, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2011). doi: 10.1029/2011GL049403
51. M.G. Chapman, Icarus 109, 393 (1994)
52. M.A. Charette, W.H.F. Smith, Oceanography 23, 112 (2010)
53. E. Chassefière, Icarus 124, 537 (1996)
54. E. Chassefière, F. Leblanc, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 310, 262 (2011)
55. V. Chevrier, F. Poulet, J.P. Bibring, Nature 448, 60 (2007)
56. P.R. Christensen, Nature 422, 45 (2003)
57. B.C. Clark, D.C. van Hart, Icarus 45, 370 (1981)
58. C. Clauser, E. Huenges, in Rock Physics and Phase Relations: A Handbook of Physical Constants, ed. by T.J. Ahrens. AGU Ref. Shelf, vol. 3 (AGU, Washington, 1995), pp. 105-126
59. S.M. Clifford, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 9135 (1987)
60. S.M. Clifford, Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 2055 (1991)
61. S.M. Clifford, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 10973 (1993)
62. S.M. Clifford, C.J. Bartels, Lunar Planet. Sci. XVII, 142 (1986)
63. S.M. Clifford, D. Hillel, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 2456 (1983)
64. S.M. Clifford, T.J. Parker, Icarus (2001). doi: 10.1006/icar.2001.6671
65. S.M. Clifford, J. Lasue, E. Heggy, J. Boisson, P. McGovern, M.D. Max, J. Geophys. Res. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003462
66. C.S. Cockel, P. Lee, P. Broady, D.S.S. Lim, G.R. Osinski, J. Parnell, C. Koeberl, L. Pesonen, J. Salminen, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 40, 1901 (2005)
67. A. Colaprete, B.M. Jakosky, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 5897 (1998)
68. N.M. Coleman, J. Geophys. Res. (2005). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002419 (Pubitemid 43180511)
69. Committee on an Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars, An Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars (National Academies Press, Washington, 2007). http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record-id=11937. Accessed 19 July 2011
70. Committee on Assessing the Solar System Exploration Program, Grading NASA's Solar System Exploration Program: a Midterm Review, (National Academies Press, Washington, 2008). http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record-id=12070. Accessed 19 July 2011
71. Committee on the Planetary Science Decadal Survey, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 (National Academies Press, Washington, 2011), http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record-id=13117. Accessed 19 July 2011
72. S.J. Conway, N. Mangold, V. Ansan, Lunar Planet. Sci. XLII, 2174 (2011)
73. F.M. Costard, J.S. Kargel, Icarus 114, 93 (1995)
74. F.M. Costard, F. Forget, N. Mangold, J.P. Peulvast, Science 295, 110 (2002)
75. R.A. Craddock, A.D. Howard, J. Geophys. Res. (2002). doi: 10.1029/2001JE001505
76. D.A. Crown, L.F. Bleamaster III, S.C. Mest, J. Geophys. Res. (2005). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002496 (Pubitemid 43180513)
77. D. Davidson, in Natural Hydrates: Properties, Occurrence and Recovery, ed. by J.L. Cox, (Butterworth, Woburn, 1983), pp. 1-16
78. R.A. de Hon, Earth Moon Planets 56, 95 (1992)
79. E. Dehouck, N. Mangold, S. Le Mouélic, V. Ansan, F. Poulet, Planet. Space Sci. (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2010.02.005
80. G. Di Achille, B.M. Hynek, N.T. Bridges, C.M. Dundas, A.S. McEwen, Geology (2010). doi: 10.1130/G31287.1
81. S. Dienega, S. Byrne, N.T. Bridges, C.M. Dundas, A.S. McEwen, Geology (2010). doi: 10.1130/G31287.1
82. B. Diez, W.C. Feldman, S. Maurice, O. Gasnault, T.H. Prettyman, M.T. Mellon, O. Aharonson, N. Schorghofer, Icarus (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2008. 02.006
83. J.C. Dixon, C.E. Thorn, R.G. Darmody, Z. Geomorphol. 52, 27 (2008)
84. W. Dobiński, Earth-Sci. Rev. 108, 158 (2011)
85. T.M. Donahue, Icarus 167, 225 (2004)
86. P.T. Doran, W.B. Lyons, D.M. McKnight (eds.), Life in Antarctic Deserts and Other Cold Dry Environments (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)
87. M.J. Drake, K. Righter, Nature 416, 39 (2002)
88. C.M. Dundas, S. Byrne, Icarus 206, 716 (2010)
89. C.M. Dundas, A.S. McEwen, Icarus 205, 244 (2010)
90. C.M. Dundas, A.S. McEwen, S. Diniega, S. Byrne, S. Martinez-Alonso, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009GL041351
91. W.B. Durham, A.V. Pathare, L.A. Stern, H.J. Lenferink, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2009GL040392
92. B.L. Ehlmann et al., Nature 322, 1828 (2008)
93. B.L. Ehlmann, J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L06201 (2010). doi: 10.1029/2010GL042596
94. B.L. Ehlmann, J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, J.P. Bibring, A. Meunier, A.A. Fraeman, Y. Langevin, Nature 479, 53 (2011)
95. B. Etzelmüller, J.O. Hagen, in Cryospheric Systems Glaciers and Permafrost, ed. by C. Harris, J.B. Murton. Special Publications, vol. 242 (Geological Society, London, 2005), pp. 11-27
96. A.G. Fairén, Icarus 208, 165 (2010)
97. A.G. Fairén, J.M. Dohm, V.R. Baker, M.A. de Pablo, J. Ruiz, J.C. Ferris, R.C. Anderson, Icarus 165, 53 (2003)
98. A.G. Fairén, D. Fernandez-Remolar, J.M. Dohm, V.R. Baker, R. Amils, Nature 431, 423 (2004)
99. A.G. Fairén, A.F. Davila, L. Gago-Duport, R. Amils, C.P. McKay, Nature 459, 401 (2009)
100. A.G. Fairén, A.F. Davila, L. Gago-Duport, J.D. Haqq-Misra, C. Gil, C.P. McKay, J.F. Kasting, Nat. Geosci. 4, 667 (2011)
101. F.P. Fanale, Icarus 28, 179 (1976)
102. F.P. Fanale, J.R. Salvail, A.P. Zent, S.E. Postawko, Icarus 67, 1 (1986)
103. W.M. Farrell et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2007JE002974
104. W.M. Farrell, J.J. Plaut, S.A. Cummer, D.A. Gurnett, G. Picardi, T.R. Watters, A. Safaeinili, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2009GL038945
105. C.I. Fassett, J.W. Head III, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2005). doi: 10.1029/2005GL023456 (Pubitemid 41372563)
106. C.I. Fassett, J.W. Head III, Icarus 195, 61 (2008)
107. W.C. Feldman et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2004). doi: 10.1029/2003JE002160 (Pubitemid 40042539)
108. W.C. Feldman, M.T. Mellon, O. Gasnault, B. Diez, R.C. Elphic, J.J. Hagerty, D.J. Lawrence, S. Maurice, T.H. Prettyman, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006GL028936 (Pubitemid 46864493)
109. W.C. Feldman, M.C. Bourke, R.C. Elphic, S. Maurice, J. Bandfield, T.H. Prettyman, B. Diez, D.J. Lawrence, Icarus (2008a). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2007. 08.044
110. W.C. Feldman, J.L. Bandfield, B. Diez, R.C. Elphic, S. Maurice, S.M. Nelli, J. Geophys. Res. (2008b). doi: 10.1029/2007JE003020
111. W.C. Feldman, M.T. Mellon, O. Gasnault, S. Maurice, T.H. Prettyman, in The Martian Surface: Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties, ed. by J. Bell (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008c), pp. 125-148
112. W.C. Feldman, A. Pathare, S. Maurice, T.H. Prettyman, D.J. Lawrence, R. Milliken, B.J. Travis, J. Geophys. Res. (2011). doi: 10.1029/2011JE003806
113. K.E. Fishbaugh, J.W. Head III, Icarus 174, 444 (2005)
114. M.R. Fisk, S.J. Giovannoni, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 11805 (1999)
115. F. Forget, R.M. Haberle, F. Montmessin, B. Levrard, J.W. Head, Science 311, 368 (2006)
116. J.L. Fox, Geophys. Res. Lett. 109, A11310 (2004)
117. J.L. Fox, A.B. Hác, Icarus 204, 527 (2009)
118. H.M. French, in Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology, ed. by M.J. Clark (Wiley, Chichester, 1988), pp. 151-198
119. H.M. French, in Canada's Cold Environments, ed. by H.M. French, O. Slaymaker (McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, 1996), pp. 143-170
120. H.M. French, The Periglacial Environment, 3rd edn. (Wiley, Chichester, 2007)
121. H.M. French, Periglacial, in Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers, ed. by V.P. Singh, P. Singh, U.K. Haritashya (Springer, Dordrecht, 2011), pp. 827-841
122. H. Frey, S. Sakimoto, J. Roark, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXX, 1500 (1999)
123. C. Gallagher, M.R. Balme, S.J. Conway, P.M. Grindrod, Icarus 211, 458 (2011)
124. O. Gasnault, G.J. Taylor, S. Karunatillake, J. Dohm, H. Newsom, O. Forni, P. Pinet, W.V. Boynton, Icarus (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.010
125. G.J. Ghatan, J.R. Zimbelman, Icarus 185, 171 (2006)
126. G.J. Ghatan, J.W. Head III, L. Wilson, Earth Moon Planets 96, 1 (2005)
127. J.M. Goldspiel, S.W. Squyres, Icarus 148, 176 (2000)
128. J.M. Goldspiel, S.W. Squyres, Icarus 211, 238 (2011)
129. J.A. Grant et al., Geology 36, 195 (2008)
130. R.A.F. Grieve, M.J. Cintala, Meteoritics 27, 526 (1992)
131. C. Grima, W. Kofman, J. Mouginot, R.J. Phillips, A. Hérique, D. Biccari, R. Seu, M. Cutigni, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2008GL036326
132. C. Grima, W. Kofman, A. Hérique, R. Orosei, R. Seu, Icarus 220, 84 (2012)
133. R.E. Grimm, L. Painter, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2009GL041018
134. P. Grizzaffi, P.H. Schultz, Icarus 77, 358 (1989)
135. M. Grott, A. Morschhauser, D. Breuer, E. Hauber, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 308, 391 (2011)
136. V.C. Gulick, V.R. Baker, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 14325 (1990)
137. R.M. Haberle, C.P. McKay, J. Schaeffer, N.A. Cabrol, E.A. Grin, A.P. Zent, R. Quinn, J. Geophys. Res. 106(E10), 23317 (2001)
138. W. Haeberli, Nor. Geogr. Tidsskr. 50, 3 (1985)
139. B.C. Hahn, S.M. McLennan, E.C. Klein, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2011). doi: 10.1029/2011GL047435
140. J.C. Hanna, R.J. Phillips, J. Geophys. Res. (2006). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002546 (Pubitemid 43676369)
141. C.J. Hansen et al., Science 331, 575 (2011)
142. C. Harris, Permafrost, in Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, ed. by A.S. Goudie (Routledge, London, 2004), pp. 777-779
143. K.P. Harrison, R.E. Grimm, J. Geophys. Res. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2007JE002951
144. S.K. Harrison, M.R. Balme, A. Hagermann, J.B. Murray, J.P. Muller, Icarus 209, 405 (2010)
145. W. Hartmann, G. Neukum, Space Sci. Rev. 96, 165 (2001)
146. E. Hauber, S. van Gasselt, M.G. Chapman, G. Neukum, J. Geophys. Res. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2007JE002897
147. E. Hauber et al., Planet. Space Sci. 57, 944 (2009)
148. E. Hauber et al., in Martian Geomorphology, ed. by M.R. Balme, A.S. Bargery, C.J. Gallagher, S. Gupta. Special Publications, vol. 356 (Geological Society of London, London, 2011a), pp. 111-131
149. E. Hauber, et al., in Analogs for Planetary Exploration, ed. by W.B. Garry, J.E. Bleacher. Special Paper, vol. 483 (Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, 2011b), pp. 177-201. doi: 10.1130/2011.2483(12)
150. J.W. Head III, S. Pratt, J. Geophys. Res. (2001). doi: 10.1029/2000JE001359
151. J.W. Head III, L. Wilson, Ann. Glac. 45, 1 (2007)
152. J.W. Head III, H. Hiesinger, M.A. Ivanov, M.A. Kreslavsky, S. Pratt, B.J. Thomson, Science 286, 2134 (1999)
153. J.W. Head III, J.F. Mustard, M.A. Kreslavsky, R.E. Milliken, D.R. Marchant, Nature 426, 797 (2003a)
154. J.W. Head III, L. Wilson, K.L. Mitchell, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2003b). doi: 10.1029/2003GL017135
155. J.W. Head III et al., Nature 434, 346 (2005)
156. J.W. Head III, D.R. Marchant, M.A. Kreslavsky, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 13258 (2008)
157. M.H. Hecht et al., Science 325, 64 (2009)
158. E. Heggy, S.M. Clifford, R.E. Grimm, C.L. Dinwiddie, D.Y. Wyrick, B.E. Hill, J. Geophys. Res. (2006). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002589 (Pubitemid 44687679)
159. J.L. Heldmann, M.T. Mellon, Icarus 168, 285 (2004)
160. K.E. Herkenhoff, J.J. Plaut, Icarus 144(2), 243 (2000)
161. K.E. Herkenhoff, J.J. Plaut, S.A. Nowicki, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXVIII, 1575 (1997)
162. H. Hiesinger, J.W. Head, J. Geophys. Res. 105(E5), 11999 (2000)
163. P.V. Hobbs, Ice Physics (Clarendon, Oxford, 1974)
164. N. Hoffman, Icarus 146, 326 (2000)
165. J.W. Holt, S.D. Kempf, P. Choudhary, D.A. Young, D.E. Putzig, D. Biccari, Y. Gim, Science 322, 1235 (2008)
166. K. Horai, J. Geophys. Res. 93(B3), 4125 (1991)
167. A.D. Howard, J.M. Moore, R.P. Irwin III, J. Geophys. Res. (2005). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002459 (Pubitemid 43180505)
168. A.P. Ingersoll, Science 168, 972 (1970)
169. R.P. Irwin III, Lunar Planet. Sci. LXII, 2748 (2011)
170. R.P. Irwin III, T.A. Maxwell, R.A. Craddock, A.D. Howard, D.W. Leverington, Science 296, 2209 (2002)
171. R.P. Irwin III, A.D. Howard, T.A. Maxwell, J. Geophys. Res. (2004). doi: 10.1029/2004JE002287 (Pubitemid 40335372)
172. R.P. Irwin III, R.A. Craddock, A.D. Howard, Geology 33, 489 (2005a)
173. R.P. Irwin III, A.D. Howard, R.A. Craddock, J.M. Moore, J. Geophys. Res. (2005b). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002460 (Pubitemid 43180506)
174. T. Ishii, S. Sasaki, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXV, 1556 (2004)
175. B.M. Jakosky, R.G. Phillips, Nature 412, 237 (2001)
176. D.G. Jankowsky, S.W. Squyres, Icarus 100, 26 (1992)
177. D.G. Jankowsky, S.W. Squyres, Icarus 106, 365 (1993)
178. R. Jauman et al., Planet. Space Sci. 55, 928 (2007)
179. D.J. Jerolmack, D. Mohrig, M.T. Zuber, S. Byrne, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2004). doi: 10.1029/2004GL021326 (Pubitemid 40190976)
180. S.S. Johnson, M.A. Mischna, T.L.J. Grove, M.T. Zuber, J. Geophys. Res. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2007JE002962
181. A.P. Johnson et al., Icarus 211, 1162 (2011)
182. A. Johnsson et al., Lunar Planet. Sci. XLI, 2492 (2010)
183. A. Johnsson et al., Icarus 218, 489 (2012)
184. R.L. Jordan et al., Planet. Space Sci. (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2009. 09.016
185. S.J. Kadish, J.W. Head, Icarus 213, 443 (2011)
186. S.J. Kadish, N.G. Barlow, J.W. Head, J. Geophys. Res. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2008JE003318
187. S.J. Kadish, J.W. Head, N.G. Barlow, Icarus 210, 92 (2010)
188. J.S. Kargel, Mars: A Warmer, Wetter Planet (Springer, Chichester, 2004)
189. L.P. Knauth, D.M. Burt, Icarus 158, 267 (2002)
190. T. Kneissl, D. Reiss, S. van Gasselt, G. Neukum, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 294, 357 (2010)
191. W. Kofman, R. Orosei, E. Pettinelli, Space Sci. Rev. 153, 249 (2010)
192. E.J. Kolb, K.L. Tanaka, Mars (2006). doi: 10.1555/mars.2006.0001
193. P.D. Komar, Icarus 42, 317 (1980)
194. M. Koutnik, S. Byrne, B. Murray, J. Geophys. Res. (2002). doi: 10.1029/2001JE001805
195. M.A. Kreslavsky, J.W. Head III, J. Geophys. Res. 105(E11), 26695 (2000)
196. A. Kress, J.W. Head III, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2008GL035501
197. A. Kress, J.W. Head III, A. Safaeinili, J. Holt, J. Plaut, L. Posiolova, R. Philips, R. Seu (SHARAD Team), Lunar Planet. Sci. XLI, 1166 (2010)
198. A.I. Krivchikov, B.Y. Gorodilov, O.A. Korolyuk, V.G. Manzhelii, H. Conrac, W. Press, J. Low Temp. Phys. 139, 693 (2005)
199. R.O. Kuzmin, Cryolithosphere of Mars (Nauka, Moscow, 1983)
200. R.O. Kuzmin, E.V. Zabalueva, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXIV, 1912 (2003)
201. R.O. Kuzmin, E.D. Ershow, I.A. Komarow, A.H. Kozlov, V.S. Isaev, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXIII, 2030 (2002)
202. H. Lammer, Space Sci. Rev. (2012, this issue). doi: 10.1007/s11214-012- 9943-8
203. H. Lammer, C. Kolb, T. Penz, U.V. Amerstorfer, H.K. Biernat, B. Bodiselitsch, Int. J. Astrobio. 2(3), 195 (2003)
204. J. Laskar, B. Levrard, J.F. Mustard, Nature (2002). doi: 10.1038/nature01066
205. J. Laskar, A.C.M. Correia, M. Gastineau, F. Joutel, B. Levrard, P. Robutel, Icarus 170, 343 (2004)
206. H.J. Leask, L. Wilson, K.L. Mitchell, J. Geophys. Res. (2006). doi: 10.1029/2005JE002550 (Pubitemid 46164939)
207. Y. Lee, D. Deming, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 2447 (1998)
208. A. Lefort, P.S. Russel, N. Thomas, A.S. McEwen, C.M. Dundas, R.L. Kirk, J. Geophys. Res. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2008JE003264
209. A. Lefort, P.S. Russel, N. Thomas, Icarus 205, 259 (2010)
210. P. Lemke et al., in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007), pp. 337-384
211. D.W. Leverington, in Proc. Mars Polar Sci. Conf. 3 (2003), 8013
212. B. Levrard, F. Forget, F. Montmessin, J. Laskar, J. Geophys. Res. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006JE002772 (Pubitemid 47342709)
213. J.S. Levy, J.W. Head, D.R. Marchant, J. Geophys. Res. (2009a). doi: 10.1029/2008JE003273
214. J.S. Levy, J.W. Head, D.R. Marchant, Icarus (2009b). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.018
215. J.S. Levy, D.R. Marchant, J.W. Head, Icarus (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.09.005
216. A.G. Lewkowicz, Periglacial systems, in Fundamentals of Physical Geography (Canadian Edition), ed. by D. Briggs, P. Smithson, T. Ball (Copp Clark Pitman, Toronto, 1989), pp. 363-397
217. Q. Li, W.S. Kiefer, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2007GL030544 (Pubitemid 350065311)
218. D. Loizeau et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2007JE002974
219. R.D. Lorrain, S.J. Fitzsimons, Cold-based glaciers, in Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers, ed. by V.P. Singh, P. Singh, U.K. Haritashya (Springer, Dordrecht, 2011), pp. 157-161
220. B.K. Lucchitta, Icarus 45(2), 264 (1981)
221. B.K. Lucchitta, J. Geophys. Res. 87(B12), 9951-9973 (1982)
222. B.K. Lucchitta, in Proc. Int. Conf. on Permafrost 4 (1983), p. 744
223. B.K. Lucchitta, J. Geophys. Res. 89, B409 (1984)
224. B.K. Lucchitta, H.M. Ferguson, C. Summers, J. Geophys. Res. 91, E166 (1986)
225. J.I. Lunine, J. Chambers, A. Morbidelli, L.A. Leshin, Icarus 165, 1 (2003)
226. W. Luo, T. Stepinski, J. Geophys. Res. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003357
227. J.R. Mackay, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 62, 1 (1972)
228. M.C. Malin, K.S. Edgett, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 3049 (1999)
229. M.C. Malin, K.S. Edgett, Science 288, 2330 (2000a)
230. M.C. Malin, K.S. Edgett, Science 290, 1927 (2000b)
231. M.C. Malin, K.S. Edgett, J. Geophys. Res. 106(E10), 23429 (2001)
232. M.C. Malin, K.S. Edgett, L.V. Posiolova, S.M. McColley, E.Z.N. Dobrea, Science 314, 1573 (2006)
233. M.C. Malin, K.S. Edgett, B.A. Cantor, M.A. Caplinger, G.E. Danielson, E.H. Jensen, M.A. Ravine, J.L. Sandoval, K.D. Supulver, Mars (2010). doi: 10.1555/mars.2010.0001
234. K.E. Mandt, S.L. de Silva, J.R. Zimbelmann, D.A. Crown, J. Geophys. Res. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2008JE003076
235. M. Manga, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2004). doi: 10.1029/2003GL018958
236. N. Mangold, J. Geophys. Res. (2003a). doi: 10.1029/2002JE001885
237. N. Mangold, in Proc. Int. Permafrost Conf. 8 (2003b), p. 723
238. N. Mangold, Icarus 174, 336 (2005)
239. N. Mangold, Geomorphology (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.11.009
240. N. Mangold, P. Allemand, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28(3), 407 (2001)
241. N. Mangold, V. Ansan, Icarus 180, 75 (2006)
242. N. Mangold, P. Allemand, P. Duval, Y. Geraud, P. Thomas, Planet. Space Sci. 50, 385 (2002)
243. N. Mangold, S. Maurice, W.C. Feldman, F. Costard, F. Forget, in Proc. Mars Polar Sci. Conf. 3 (2003), 8043
244. N. Mangold, S. Maurice, W.C. Feldman, F. Costard, F. Forget, J. Geophys. Res. (2004). doi: 10.1029/2004JE002235 (Pubitemid 39437357)
245. N. Mangold, F. Poulet, J.F. Mustard, J.P. Bibring, B. Gondet, Y. Langevin, V. Ansan, Ph. Masson, C. Fassett, J.W. Head III, H. Hoffmann, G. Neukum, J. Geophys. Res. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006JE002835 (Pubitemid 47610294)
246. N. Mangold, A. Mangeney, V. Migeon, V. Ansan, A. Lucas, D. Baratoux, F. Bouchut, J. Geophys. Res. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003540
247. N. Mangold, E. Kite, M. Kleinhans, H. Newsom, V. Ansan, E. Hauber, E. Kraal, C. Quantin-Nataf, K. Tanaka, Icarus 220, 530 (2012)
248. D.R. Marchant, J.W. Head III, Icarus 192, 187 (2007)
249. G.M. Marion, CRREL Special Report 95 (1995)
250. P. Masson, M.H. Carr, F. Costard, R. Greeley, E. Hauber, R. Jaumann, Space Sci. Rev. 96, 333 (2001)
251. S. Maurice, W. Feldman, B. Diez, O. Gasnault, D.J. Lawrence, A. Pathare, T. Prettyman, J. Geophys. Res. (2011). doi: 10.1029/2011JE003810
252. M.D. Max, S.M. Clifford, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 4165 (2000)
253. J.C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd edn., vol. 1 (Clarendon, Oxford, 1892)
254. A.S. McEwen, L. Ojha, C.M. Dundas, S.S. Mattson, S. Byrne, J.J. Wray, S.C. Cull, S.L. Murchie, N. Thomas, V.C. Gulick, Science (2011). doi: 10.1126/science.1204816
255. G.E. McGill, Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 705 (1986)
256. G.E. McGill, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 2753 (1989)
257. P.J. McGovern et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2004). doi: 10.1029/2004JE002286
258. M. Mehta et al., Icarus 211, 172 (2011)
259. M.T. Mellon, J. Geophys. Res. 102(E11), 25617 (1997)
260. M.T. Mellon, B.M. Jakosky, J. Geophys. Res. 100(E6), 11781 (1995)
261. M.T. Mellon et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2009a). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003417
262. M.T. Mellon et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2009b). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003418
263. S. Meresse, F. Costard, N. Mangold, D. Baratoux, J.M. Boyce, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. (2006). doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00442.x
264. S. Meresse, F. Costard, N. Mangold, P. Masson, G. Neukum (HSRC Co-I Team), Icarus (2008). doi: 10.1116/j.icarus.2007.10.023
265. J.M. Moore, K.S. Edgett, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 1599 (1993)
266. J.M. Moore, D.E. Wilhelms, Icarus 154, 258 (2001)
267. A. Morgenstern, E. Hauber, D. Reiss, S. van Gasselt, G. Grosse, L. Schirrmeister, J. Geophys. Res. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006JE002869 (Pubitemid 47342707)
268. R.V. Morris et al., Science (2012). doi: 10.1126/science.1189667
269. P.J. Mouginis-Mark, Icarus 71, 268 (1987)
270. J. Mouginot, A. Pommerol, W. Kofman, P. Beck, B. Schmitt, A. Hérique, C. Grima, A. Safaeinili, J.J. Plaut, Icarus (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.003
271. J. Mouginot, A. Pommerol, P. Beck, W. Kofman, S. Clifford, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2012). doi: 10.1029/2011GL050286
272. O. Mousis, J.I. Lunine, S. Picaud, D. Cordier, Faraday Discuss. 147, 509 (2010)
273. O. Mousis, J.I. Lunine, E. Chassefière, F. Montmessin, A. Lakhlifi, S. Picaud, J.M. Petit, D. Cordier, Icarus 218, 80 (2012a)
274. O. Mousis et al., Space Sci. Rev. (2012b, this issue). doi: 10.1007/s11214-012-9942-9
275. S.L. Murchie et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003342
276. D.S. Musselwhite, T.D. Swindle, J.I. Lunine, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1283 (2001)
277. J.F. Mustard, C.D. Cooper, M.K. Rifkin, Nature 412, 411 (2001)
278. J.F. Mustard et al., Nature (2008). doi: 10.1038/nature07097 (Pubitemid 352009992)
279. G. Neukum, R. Jaumann (the HRSC Co-Investigators and Experiment Team), HRSC: The High Resolution Stereo Camera of Mars Express in Mars Express: The Scientific Payload (ESA, Noordwijk, 2004)
280. G. Neukum, A.T. Basilevsky, T. Kneissl, M.G. Chapman, S. van Gasselt, G. Michael, R. Jaumann, H. Hoffmann, J.K. Lanz, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 294, 204-222 (2010)
281. H.E. Newsom, Icarus 44, 207-216 (1980)
282. H.E. Newsom, in Lakes on Mars, ed. by N. Cabrol, E. Grin (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2010), pp. 91-110
283. H.E. Newsom, G.E. Brittelle, C.A. Hibbitts, L.J. Crossey, A.M. Kudo, J. Geophys. Res. (1996). doi: 10.1029/96JE01139
284. H.E. Newsom et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006JE002680 (Pubitemid 46864464)
285. F. Nimmo, D.J. Stevenson, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 11969 (2000)
286. F. Nimmo, K. Tanaka, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 33, 133 (2005)
287. D.C. Nunes, S.E. Smrekar, A. Safaeinili, J.W. Holt, R.J. Phillips, R. Seu, B.A. Campbell, J. Geophys. Res. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003509
288. C.H. Okubo, A.S. McEwen, Science (2007). doi: 10.1126/science.1136855 (Pubitemid 46281184)
289. G.R. Olhoeft, in Int. Conf. Ground Penetrating Radar 6 (1996), p. 1
290. T.C. Onstott et al., Microb. Ecol. 58, 786 (2009)
291. G.G. Ori, L. Marinangeli, A. Baliva, J. Geophys. Res. 105(E7), 17629 (2000)
292. D.P. Page, Icarus 189, 83 (2007)
293. T.J. Parker, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXVII, 1003 (1996)
294. T.J. Parker, F.J. Calef, in 3rd Conference on Early Mars (2012), 7085
295. T.J. Parker, D.M. Schneeberger, D.C. Pieri, R.S. Saunders, Symposium on Mars: evolution of its climate and atmosphere. LPI Tech. Rept. 87-01, pp. 96-98, 1987
296. T.J. Parker, R.S. Saunders, D.M. Schneeberger, Icarus 82, 111 (1989)
297. T.J. Parker, D.S. Gorsline, R.S. Saunders, D.C. Pieri, D.M. Schneeberger, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 11061 (1993)
298. R.A. Parsons, F. Nimmo, J. Geophys. Res. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2007JE003006
299. J.C. Pechmann, Icarus 42, 185 (1980)
300. J.T. Perron, J.X. Mitrovica, M. Manga, I. Matsuyama, M.A. Richards, Nature 447, 840-843 (2007)
301. R.J. Phillips et al., Science (2008). doi: 10.1126/science.1157546 (Pubitemid 351929500)
302. R.J. Phillips et al., Science (2011). doi: 10.1126/science.1203091
303. G. Picardi et al., in Proc. Int. Conf. Radar (2003). doi: 10.1109/RADAR.2003.1278795
304. G. Picardi et al., Science (2005). doi: 10.1126/science.1122165 (Pubitemid 43005980)
305. D.C. Pieri, Science 210, 895 (1980)
306. J.J. Plaut et al., Science (2007). doi: 10.1126/science.1139672 (Pubitemid 46559524)
307. J.J. Plaut, A. Safaeinili, J.W. Holt, R.J. Philips, J.W. Head, R. Seu, N.E. Putzig, A. Frigeri, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2008GL036379
308. H.N. Pollack, S.J. Hurter, J.R. Johnston, Rev. Geophys. 31, 3 (1993)
309. A. Pommerol, W. Kofman, J. Audouard, C. Grima, P. Beck, J. Mouginot, A. Hérique, A. Kumamoto, T. Kobayashi, T. Ono, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009GL041681
310. M. Pondrelli, A. Baliva, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Marinangeli, A.P. Rossi, J. Geophys. Res. (2005). doi: 10.1029/2004JE002335 (Pubitemid 40950111)
311. M. Pondrelli, A.P. Rossi, L. Marinangeli, E. Hauber, K. Gwinner, A. Baliva, S. Di Lorenzo, Icarus 197, 429 (2008)
312. L.J. Porcello, R.L. Jordan, J.S. Zelenka, G.F. Adams, R.J. Phillips, W.E. Brown Jr., S.H. Ward, P.L. Jackson, Proc. IEEE 62(6), 769 (1974)
313. F. Poulet, J.P. Bibring, J.F. Mustard, A. Gendrin, N. Mangold, Y. Langevin, R.E. Arvidson, B. Gondet, C. Gomez, Nature 438, 623 (2005)
314. M.A. Presley, P.R. Christensen, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 9221 (1997)
315. O. Prieto-Ballesteros, J.S. Kargel, A.G. Fairén, D.C. Fernández-Remolar, J.M. Dohm, R. Amils, Geology 34, 149 (2006)
316. N.E. Putzig, R.J. Phillips, B.A. Campbell, J.W. Holt, J.J. Plaut, L.M. Carter, A.F. Egan, F. Bernardini, A. Safaeinili, R. Seu, Icarus 204, 443 (2009)
317. Y. Quesnel, C. Sotin, B. Langlais et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 277, 184 (2009)
318. S.N. Raymond, T. Quinn, J.I. Lunine, Icarus 183, 265 (2006)
319. D. Reiss, H. Hiesinger, E. Hauber, K. Gwinner, Planet. Space Sci. 57, 958 (2009)
320. D. Reiss, G. Erkeling, K.E. Bauch, H. Hiesinger, Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L06203 (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009GL042192
321. E.C. Robertson, D.L. Peck, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4875 (1974)
322. J.A.P. Rodriguez, S. Sasaki, R.O. Kuzmin, J.M. Dohm, K.L. Tanaka, H. Miyamoto, K. Kurita, G. Komatsu, A.G. Fairén, J.C. Ferris, Icarus 175, 36 (2005)
323. L.A. Rossbacher, S. Judson, Icarus 45, 39 (1981)
324. A. Safaeinili, W. Kofman, J.F. Nouvel, A. Hérique, R.L. Jordan, Planet. Space Sci. (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00048-5
325. J. Saraiva, L. Bandeira, J. Antunes, P. Pina, T. Barata, Finisterra XLIV(87), 71 (2009)
326. J.H. Sass, A.H. Lachenbruch, R.J. Munroe, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 3391 (1971)
327. P.M. Schenk, J.M. Moore, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 24529 (2000)
328. S.C. Schon, J.W. Head, Icarus 213, 428 (2011)
329. S.C. Schon, J.W. Head, R.E. Milliken, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2009). doi: 10.1029/2009GL038554
330. N. Schorghofer, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2008). doi: 10.1029/2008GL034954
331. R.A. Schultz, H.V. Frey, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 14175 (1990)
332. P.H. Schultz, H. Glicken, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 8033 (1979)
333. P.H. Schultz, R.A. Schultz, J. Rogers, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 9803 (1982)
334. S.P. Schwenzer, D.A. Kring, Geology 37, 1091 (2009)
335. S.P. Schwenzer et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 335-336, 9 (2012)
336. D.H. Scott, M.G. Chapman, J.W. Rice Jr., J.M. Dohm, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXII, 53 (1992)
337. N.M. Seibert, J.S. Kargel, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28(5), 899 (2001)
338. A. Séjourné, F. Costard, J. Gargani, R.J. Soare, A. Fedorov, C. Marmo, Planet. Space Sci. 59(5-6), 412 (2011)
339. M.M. Selvans, J.J. Plaut, O. Aharonson, A. Safaeinili, J. Geophys. Res. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009JE003537
340. R. Seu et al., J. Geophys. Res. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006JE002745 (Pubitemid 47062470)
341. R.P. Sharp, M.C. Malin, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 86, 593 (1975)
342. O. Slaymaker, in Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, ed. by A.S. Goudie (Routledge, London, 2004), pp. 321-323
343. O. Slaymaker, R.E.J. Kelly, The Cryosphere and Global Environmental Change (Blackwell Sci., Oxford, 2007)
344. E.D. Sloan Jr., Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases (Marcel Decker, New York, 1997)
345. E.D. Sloan Jr., C.A. Koh, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, 3rd edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2008)
346. D.E. Smith et al., J. Geophys. Res. 106, 23689 (2001)
347. D.E. Smith, G. Neuman, R.E. Arvidson, E.A. Guinness, S. Slavney, Mars Global Surveyor Laser Altimeter Mission Experiment Gridded Data Record, in NASA Planet. Data Syst., Greenbelt, MD (2003)
348. P.H. Smith et al., Science 325, 58 (2009)
349. R.J. Soare, A. Séjourné, G. Pearce, F. Costard, G.R. Osinski, in Analogs for Planetary Exploration, ed. by W.B. Garry, J.E. Bleacher. Special Paper, vol. 483. (Geol. Soc. Am, Boulder, 2011), pp. 203-218. doi: 10.1130/2011.2483(13)
350. L.A. Soderblom, T.J. Kreidler, H. Masursky, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 4117 (1973)
351. Solar System Exploration Survey, New Frontiers in Solar System Exploration (National Academies Press, Washington, 2003), http://www.nap.edu/ catalog.php?record-id=10898. Accessed 19 July 2011
352. S.C. Solomon, J.W. Head III, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 11073 (1990)
353. S.C. Solomon et al., Science 307, 1214 (2005)
354. S.W. Squyres, Icarus 34, 600 (1978)
355. S.W. Squyres, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 8087 (1979)
356. S.W. Squyres, Icarus 79, 229 (1989)
357. S.W. Squyres, M.H. Carr, Science 231, 249 (1986)
358. T.F. Stepinski, Lunar Planet. Sci. LXI, 1845 (2010)
359. T.F. Stepinski, W. Luo, Lunar Planet. Sci. LXI, 1350 (2010)
360. T.F. Stepinski, E.R. Urbach, Lunar Planet. Sci. LX, 1117 (2009)
361. K.L. Tanaka, J. Geophys. Res. 91(B13), E139 (1986)
362. K.L. Tanaka, Icarus 144, 254 (2000)
363. K.L. Tanaka, G.J. Leonard, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 5407 (1995)
364. K.L. Tanaka, D.H. Scott, V.C. Gulick, R. Greeley, in Mars, ed. by H.H. Kieffer, B.M. Jakosky, C.W. Snyder, M. Matthews (University Arizona Press, Tucson, 1992), pp. 345-382
365. K.L. Tanaka, J.S. Kargel, D.J. McKinnon, T.M. Hare, N. Hoffman, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 1195 (2002)
366. K.L. Tanaka, J.A. Skinner, T.M. Hare, Geologic Map of the Northern Plains of Mars (2005). U.S. Geol. Surv., Sci, Inv. Map 2888
367. K.L. Tanaka, J.A.P. Rodriguez, J.A. Skinner Jr., M.C. Bourke, C.M. Fortezzo, K.E. Herkenhoff, E.J. Kolb, C.H. Okubo, Icarus (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.021
368. N. Terada, Yu.N. Kulikov, H. Lammer, H.I.M. Lichtenegger, T. Tanaka, H. Shinagawa, T. Zhang, Astrobiology 9, 55 (2009)
369. C. Thomas, O. Mousis, V. Ballenegger, S. Picaud, Astron. Astrophys. 474, L17 (2007)
370. C. Thomas, S. Picaud, O. Mousis, V. Ballenegger, Planet. Space Sci. 56, 1607 (2008)
371. B.J. Thomson, J.W. Head III, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 1 (2001)
372. F. Tian, J.F. Kasting, S.C. Solomon, Geophys. Res. Lett. 2, L02205 (2009)
373. O.B. Toon, J.B. Pollack, W. Ward, J.A. Burns, K. Bilski, Icarus 44, 552 (1980)
374. J. Touma, J. Wisdom, Science 259, 1294 (1993)
375. B.J. Travis, W.C. Feldman, Lunar Planet. Sci. XL, 1315 (2009)
376. B.J. Travis, N.D. Rosenberg, J.N. Cuzzi, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 8040 (2003)
377. A.H. Treiman, J. Geophys. Res. (2001). doi: 10.1029/2002JE001900
378. F.T. Ulaby, R.K. Moore, A.K. Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive, Vol. III: Volume Scattering and Emission Theory, Advanced Systems and Applications (Artech House, Dedham, 1986)
379. M. Ulrich, A. Morgenstern, F. Günther, D. Reiss, K.E. Bauch, E. Hauber, S. Rössler, L. Schirrmeister, J. Geophys. Res. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2010JE003640
380. A. Valeille, M.R. Combi, V. Tenishev, S.W. Bougher, A.F. Nagy, Icarus (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.018
381. J.H. van der Waals, J.C. Platteeuw, in Advances in Chemical Physics, vol. 2, ed. by I. Prigogine (Interscience, New York, 1959), pp. 1-57
382. R.O. van Everdingen (ed.), Multi-Language Glossary of Permafrost and Related Ground-Ice Terms. International Permafrost Association (Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary, 1998), 268 pp.
383. M. Vincendon, J. Mustard, F. Forget, M. Kreslavsky, A. Spiga, S. Murchie, J.P. Bibring, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009GL041426
384. W.R. Ward, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 3375 (1974)
385. W.R. Ward, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 237 (1979)
386. W.R. Ward, in Mars, ed. by H.H. Kieffer, B.M. Jakosky, C.W. Snyder, M. Matthews (University Arizona Press, Tucson, 1992), pp. 298-320
387. N. Warner, G. Sanjeev, J.P. Muller, J.R. Kim, S.Y. Lin, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 288, 58 (2009)
388. T.R. Watters et al., Science (2007). doi: 10.1126/science.1148112 (Pubitemid 350134892)
389. R.W. Wichman, P.H. Schultz, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 17333 (1989)
390. C.A. Wiley, Pulsed Doppler radar methods and apparatus. U.S. Patent 3196436-86, 1965
391. R.M.E. Williams, M.C. Malin, J. Geophys. Res. (2004). doi: 10.1029/2003JE002178 (Pubitemid 39169195)
392. R.M.E. Williams, R.J. Phillips, J. Geophys. Res. (2001). doi: 10.1029/2000JE001409
393. S.A. Wilson, A.D. Howard, J.M. Moore, J.A. Grant, J. Geophys. Res. (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006JE002830 (Pubitemid 47604105)
394. K.H. Wohletz, M.F. Sheridan, Icarus 56, 15 (1983)
395. E.D. Yershov, Geocryology of the USSR: Eastern Siberia and the Far East (Nedra, Moscow, 1989). Orig. in Russian
396. K. Yoshikawa, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXIII, 1159 (2002)
397. K. Yoshikawa, Geophys. Res. Lett. (2003). doi: 10.1029/2003GL017165
398. M. Zanetti, H. Hiesinger, D. Reiss, E. Hauber, G. Neukum, Icarus 206, 691 (2010)
399. T. Zhang, R.G. Barry, K. Knowles, J.A. Hegginbottom, J. Brown, Polar Geogr. 31, 47 (2008a)
400. Z. Zhang, T. Hagfors, E. Nielsen, G. Picardi, A. Mesdea, J.J. Plaut, J. Geophys. Res. (2008b). doi: 10.1029/2007JE002941
401. J.R. Zimbelman, S.M. Clifford, S.H. Williams, Lunar Planet. Sci. XIX, 397 (1989)
402. M.T. Zuber et al., Science 282, 2053 (1998)