Analogous mechanisms of selection and updating in declarative and procedural working memory: Experiments and a computational model

Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 66, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 157-211

  Oberauer, Klaus ^a   Souza, Alessandra S ^a   Druey, Michel D ^a   Gade, Miriam ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Attention; Chunking; Computational modeling; Long term memory; Task switching; Working memory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; REACTION TIME; SHORT TERM MEMORY;

ADULT; ATTENTION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY, LONG-TERM; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REACTION TIME;

EID: 84871777428     PISSN: 00100285     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.11.001     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Allport A., Styles E.A., Hsieh S. Shifting intentional set: Exploring the dynamic control of tasks. Attention & performance 1994, Vol. XV:421-452. MIT Press, Cambridge.
2. Altmann E.M. Testing probability matching and episodic retrieval accounts of response repetition effects in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2011, 37:935-951.
3. Altmann E.M., Gray W.D. An integrated model of cognitive control in task switching. Psychological Review 2008, 115(602-639).
4. Anderson J.R. Skill acquisition: Compilation of weak-method problem solutions. Psychological Review 1987, 94:192-210.
5. Anderson J.R. How can the human mind occur in the physical universe? 2007, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Berman M.G., Jonides J., Lewis R.L. In search of decay in verbal short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:317-333.
7. Bertelson P. Serial choice reaction-time as a function of response versus signal-and-response repetition. Nature 1965, 206:217-218.
8. Bialkova S., Oberauer K. Direct access to working memory contents. Experimental Psychology 2010, 57(5):383-389.
9. Botvinick M., Watanabe T. From numerosity to ordinal rank: A gain-field model of serial order representation in cortical working memory. Journal of Neuroscience 2007, 27:8636-8642.
10. Brown S.D., Heathcote A. The simplest complete model of choice response time: Linear ballistic accumulation. Cognitive Psychology 2008, 57:153-178.
11. Brown J.W., Reynolds J.R., Braver T.S. A computational model of fractionated conflict-control mechanisms in task-switching. Cognitive Psychology 2007, 55:37-85.
12. Brozović M., Abbott L.F., Andersen R.A. Mechanisms of gain modulation at single neuron and network levels. Journal of Computational Neuroscience 2008, 25:158-168.
13. Burgess N., Hitch G.J. Memory for serial order: A network model of the phonological loop and its timing. Psychological Review 1999, 106:551-581.
14. Burgess N., Hitch G.J. Computational models of working memory: Putting long-term memory into context. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9:535-541.
15. Burgess N., Hitch G.J. A revised model of short-term memory and long-term learning of verbal sequences. Journal of Memory and Language 2006, 55:627-652.
16. Campbell K.C., Proctor R.W. Repetition effects with categorizable stimulus and response sets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1993, 19:1345-1362.
17. Cohen-Kdoshay O., Meiran N. The representation of instructions operates like a prepared reflex: Flanker compatibility effects found in first trial following S-R instructions. Experimental Psychology 2009, 56:128-133.
18. Cowan N. Attention and memory: An integrated framework 1995, Oxford University Press, New York.
19. De Jong R. An intention-activation account of residual switch costs. Control of cognitive processes: Attention and performance XVIII 2000, 357-376. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.).
20. Dreisbach G., Goschke T., Haider H. Implicit task sets in task switching?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2006, 32:1221-1233.
21. Dreisbach G., Goschke T., Haider H. The role of task rules and stimulus-response mappings in the task switching paradigm. Psychological Research 2007, 71:383-392.
22. Druey, M. (2011). Stimulus category priming and response category inhibition best explain the stimulus and response category repetition effects in task switching. Unpublished manuscript. University of Zurich.
23. Druey M., Hübner R. Effects of stimulus features and instruction on response coding, selection, and inhibition: Evidence from repetition effects under task switching. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2008, 61:1573-1600.
24. Farrell S. Temporal clustering and sequencing in short-term memory and episodic memory. Psychological Review 2012, 119:223-271.
25. Farrell S., Lewandowsky S. Modelling transposition latencies: Constraints for theories of serial order memory. Journal of Memory and Language 2004, 51:115-135.
26. Farrell S., Lewandowsky S. Computational models as aids to better reasoning in psychology. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2010, 19:329-335.
27. French R.M., Addyman C., Mareschal D. TRACX: A recognition-based connectionist framework for sequence segmentation and chunk extraction. Psychological Review 2011, 118:614-636.
28. Garavan H. Serial attention within working memory. Memory & Cognition 1998, 26:263-276.
29. Gehring W.J., Bryck R.L., Jonides J., Albin R.L., Badre D. The mind's eye, looking inward? In search of executive control in internal attention shifting. Psychophysiology 2003, 40:572-585.
30. Gilbert S.J., Shallice T. Task switching: A PDP model. Cognitive Psychology 2002, 44:297-337.
31. Halford G.S., Cowan N., Andrews G. Separating cognitive capacity from knowledge: A new hypothesis. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2007, 11:236-242.
32. Henson R.N.A. Item repetition in short-term memory: Ranschburg repeated. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1998, 24:1162-1181.
33. Henson R.N.A. Short-term memory for serial order: The start-end model. Cognitive Psychology 1998, 36:73-137.
34. Hick W.E. On the rate of gain of information. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1952, 4:11-26.
35. Hommel B. The prepared reflex: Automaticity and control in stimulus-response translation. Attention and performance XVIII: Control of cognitive processes 2000, 247-273. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.).
36. Horner A.J., Henson R.A. Bindings between stimuli and multiple response codes dominate long-lag repetition priming in speeded classification tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:757-779.
37. Hübner R., Druey M. Response execution, selection, or activation: What is sufficient for response-related repetition effects under task shifting?. Psychological Research 2006, 70:245-261.
38. Hübner M., Kluwe R.H., Luna-Rodriguez A., Peters A. Response selection difficulty and asymmetrical costs of switching between tasks and stimuli: No evidence for an exogenous component of task-set reconfiguration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2004, 30:1043-1063.
39. Jersild A.T. Mental set and shift. Archives of Psychology 1927, 89.
40. Jones M.N., Kintsch W., Mewhort D.J.K. High-dimensional semantic space accounts of priming. Journal of Memory and Language 2006, 55:534-552.
41. Jonides J., Lewis R.L., Nee D.E., Lustig C.A., Berman M.G., Moore K.S. The mind and brain of short-term memory. Annual Review of Psychology 2008, 59:193-224.
42. Kessler Y., Meiran N. The reaction-time task-rule congruency effect is not affected by working memory load: Further support for the activated long-term memory hypothesis. Psychological Research 2010, 74:388-399. 10.1007/s00426-009-0261-z.
43. Kiesel A., Steinhauser M., Wendt M., Falkenstein M., Jost K., Philipp A.M., et al. Control and interference in task switching - A review. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:849-874.
44. Kiesel A., Wendt M., Peters A. Task switching: On the origin of response congruency effects. Psychological Research 2007, 71:117-125.
45. Kleinsorge T. Response repetition benefits and costs. Acta Psychologica 1999, 103:295-310.
46. Koch I., Gade M., Schuch S., Philipp A.M. The role of inhibition in task switching: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2010, 17:1-14.
47. Lewandowsky S., Farrell S. Short-term memory: New data and a model. The psychology of learning and motivation 2008, Vol. 49:1-48. Elsevier, London, UK.
48. Lewandowsky S., Farrell S. Computational modeling in cognition: Principles and practice 2011, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
49. Lewis-Peacock J.A., Drysdale A.T., Oberauer K., Postle B.R. Neural evidence for a distinction between short-term memory and the focus of attention. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2011, 24:61-79.
50. Li Z., Bao M., Chen X., Zhang D.R., Han S., He S., et al. Attention shift in human verbal working memory: Priming contribution and dynamic brain activation. Brain Research 2006, 1078:132-142.
51. Li K.Z.H., Lindenberger U., Rünger D., Frensch P.A. The role of inhibition in the regulation of sequential action. Psychological Science 2000, 11:343-347.
52. Liefooghe B., Barrouillet P., Vandierendonck A., Camos V. Working memory costs of task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2008, 34:478-494.
53. Lien M.-C., Proctor R.W. Stimulus-response compatibility and psychological refractory period effects: Implications for response selection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2002, 9:212-238.
54. Logan G.D. Attention in character-classification tasks: Evidence for the automaticity of component stages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1978, 107:32-63.
55. Logan G.D. Working memory, task switching, and executive control in the task span procedure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2004, 133:218-236.
56. Logan G.D. What it costs to implement a plan: Plan-level and task-level contributions to switch costs. Memory & Cognition 2007, 35:591-602.
57. Logan G.D., Bundesen C. Clever homunculus: Is there an endogenous act of control in the explicit task-cuing procedure?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2003, 29:575-599.
58. Logan G.D., Gordon R.D. Executive control of visual attention in dual-task situations. Psychological Review 2001, 108:393-434.
59. MacKay D.G. The organization of perception and action 1987, Springer, Berlin.
60. Mayr U. Age differences in the selection of mental sets: The role of inhibition, stimulus ambiguity, and response-set overlap. Psychology & Aging 2001, 16:96-109.
61. Mayr U., Bryck R.L. Sticky rules: Integration between abstract rules and specific actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2005, 31:337-350.
62. Mayr U., Kliegl R. Task-set switching and long-term memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2000, 26:1124-1140.
63. Mayr U., Kliegl R. Differential effects of cue changes and task changes on task-set selection costs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2003, 29:362-372.
64. McKone E. The decay of short-term implicit memory: Unpacking lag. Memory & Cognition 1998, 26:1173-1186.
65. Meiran N. Modeling cognitive control in task-switching. Psychological Research 2000, 63:234-249.
66. Meiran N., Chorev Z., Sapir A. Component processes in task-switching. Cognitive Psychology 2000, 41:211-253.
67. Meiran N., Cohen-Kdoshay O. Working memory load but not multitasking eliminates the prepared reflex: Further evidence from the adapted flanker paradigm. Acta Psychologica 2012, 139:309-313.
68. Meiran N., Kessler Y. The task-rule congruency effect in task switching reflects activated long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2008, 34:137-157.
69. Meiran N., Kessler Y., Adi-Japha E. Control by action representation and input selection (CARIS): A theoretical framework for task switching. Psychological Research 2008, 72:473-500.
70. Miller G.A., Galanter E., Pribram K.H. Plans and the structure of behavior 1960, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.
71. Monsell S. Recency, immediate recognition memory, and reaction time. Cognitive Psychology 1978, 10:465-501.
72. Monsell S. Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2003, 7:134-140.
73. Oberauer K. Removing irrelevant information from working memory. A cognitive aging study with the modified Sternberg task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2001, 27:948-957.
74. Oberauer K. Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2002, 28:411-421.
75. Oberauer K. Selective attention to elements in working memory. Experimental Psychology 2003, 50(4):257-269.
76. Oberauer K. Control of the contents of working memory - A comparison of two paradigms and two age groups. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2005, 31:714-728.
77. Oberauer K. Design for a working memory. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation 2009, 51:45-100.
78. Oberauer K., Göthe K. Dual-task effects in working memory: Interference between two processing tasks, between two memory demands, and between storage and processing. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2006, 18:493-519.
79. Oberauer K., Vockenberg K. Updating of working memory: Lingering bindings. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2009, 62:967-987.
80. Pashler H. Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. Psychological Bulletin 1994, 116:220-244.
81. Perruchet P., Vinter A. PARSER: A model for word segmentation. Journal of Memory and Language 1998, 39:246-263.
82. Risse S., Oberauer K. Selection of objects and tasks in working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2010, 63(4):784-804.
83. Rogers R.D., Monsell S. Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1995, 124:207-231.
84. Rothermund K., Wentura D., De Houwer J. Retrieval of incidental stimulus-response associations as a source of negative priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2005, 31:482-495.
85. Salinas E., Thier P. Gain modulation: A major computational principle of the central nervous system. Neuron 2000, 27:15-21.
86. Schneider D.W., Anderson J.R. A memory-based model of Hick's law. Cognitive Psychology 2011, 62:193-222.
87. Schneider D.W., Logan G.D. Retrieving information from a hierarchical plan. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2007, 33:1076-1091.
88. Schneider D.W., Logan G.D. Selecting a response in task switching: Testing a model of compound cue retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:122-136.
89. Schuch S., Koch I. The costs of changing the representation of action: Response repetition and response-response compatibility in dual tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2004, 30:566-582.
90. Smith M.C. Repetition effect and short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1968, 77:435-439.
91. Souza A.S., Oberauer K., Gade M., Druey M.D. Processing of representations in declarative and procedural working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2012, 65:1006-1033.
92. Sternberg S. Memory scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. American Scientist 1969, 57:421-457.
93. Usher M., McClelland J.L. The time course of perceptual choice: The leaky, competing accumulator model. Psychological Review 2001, 108:550-592.
94. Vandierendonck A., Liefooghe B., Verbruggen F. Task switching: Interplay of reconfiguration and interference control. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:601-626.
95. Verhaeghen P., Basak C. Ageing and switching of the focus of attention in working memory: Results from a modified N-back task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2005.
96. Verhaeghen P., Hoyer W.J. Aging, focus switching, and task switching in a continuous calculation task: Evidence toward a new working memory control process. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2007, 14:22-39.
97. Waszak F., Hommel B., Allport A. Task-switching and long-term priming: Role of episodic stimulus-task bindings in task-shift costs. Cognitive Psychology 2003, 46:361-413.
98. Waszak F., Wenke D., Brass M. Cross-talk of instructed and applied arbitrary visuomotor mappings. Acta Psychologica 2008, 127:30-35.
99. Wendt M., Kiesel A. The impact of stimulus-specific practice and task instructions on response congruency effects between tasks. Psychological Research 2008, 72:425-432.
100. Woltz D.J., Was C.A. Available but unattended conceptual information in working memory: Temporarily active semantic content or persistent memory for prior operations?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2007, 33:155-168.
101. Yamaguchi M., Proctor R.W. Automaticity without extensive training: The role of memory retrieval in implementation of task-defined rules. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2011, 18:347-354.
102. Yehene E., Meiran N. Is there a general task switching ability?. Acta Psychologica 2007, 126:169-195.